Phyllanthaceae Are One of Five Segregates of Euphorbiaceae Sensu Lato Recognised at Family Level by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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Phyllanthaceae are one of five segregates of Euphorbiaceae sensu lato recognised at family level by the Angiosperm Phylogeny group. The family contains c.2000 species in 59 genera. A new classification is done for this family based on the molecular studies using DNA sequence data of nuclear PHYC and plastid atpB, matK, ndhF and rbcL in conjuction with morphological characters. One of the major contribution from our molecular phylogeny is the division of the family into two strongly supported clades which represents the two subfamilies Antidesmatoideae and Phyllanthoideae and ten tribes. Further, Phylogenetic relationships within tribe Phyllantheae, the largest tribe of the family Phyllanthaceae, were examined with special emphasis on Phyllanthus which is one of the economically important genus. ITS nuclear ribosomal and plastid matK DNA sequence data for roughly 100 species of tribe Phyllantheae were analyzed including representatives of all published subgenera of Phyllanthus .We recognize six lineages at generic rank in tribe Phyllantheae: Flueggea s.l., Lingelsheimia, Margaritaria, Phyllanthus s.l., Plagiocladus, and Savia section Heterosavia. Richeriella should be united with Flueggea, and the generic status of Plagiocladus (= Phyllanthus diandrus) is confirmed. Results confirm paraphyly of Phyllanthus having Breynia, Glochidion, Reverchonia, and Sauropus embedded within. Phyllanthus maderaspatensis is sister to all other species of Phyllanthus s.l., and the genus appears to be of Old World origin. The unique branching architecture, "phyllanthoid branching", of most Phyllanthus taxa has been lost (and/or has evolved) repeatedly. Taxonomic divisions based on similar pollen morphology are largely confirmed, and related taxa share similar distributions. Ancestral areas were reconstructed from one of the most parsimonious tree, using MP analysis from the combined data with the DIVA program, version 1.1 Current distribution areas for the genera of Phyllanthaceae were coded in eight categories (Asia, Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Mediterranean, North America, South America, and West Indies). The relative timing shows that this family originated from Africa, but further work on divergence time using fossil record from a related family (Clusiaceae) is in progress and this will be published soon..

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Phylogenetic Reconstruction Prompts Taxonomic Changes in Sauropus, Synostemon and Breynia (Phyllanthaceae Tribe Phyllantheae)
Blumea 59, 2014: 77–94 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651914X684484 Phylogenetic reconstruction prompts taxonomic changes in Sauropus, Synostemon and Breynia (Phyllanthaceae tribe Phyllantheae) P.C. van Welzen1,2, K. Pruesapan3, I.R.H. Telford4, H.-J. Esser 5, J.J. Bruhl4 Key words Abstract Previous molecular phylogenetic studies indicated expansion of Breynia with inclusion of Sauropus s.str. (excluding Synostemon). The present study adds qualitative and quantitative morphological characters to molecular Breynia data to find more resolution and/or higher support for the subgroups within Breynia s.lat. However, the results show molecular phylogeny that combined molecular and morphological characters provide limited synergy. Morphology confirms and makes the morphology infrageneric groups recognisable within Breynia s.lat. The status of the Sauropus androgynus complex is discussed. Phyllanthaceae Nomenclatural changes of Sauropus species to Breynia are formalised. The genus Synostemon is reinstated. Sauropus Synostemon Published on 1 September 2014 INTRODUCTION Sauropus in the strict sense (excluding Synostemon; Pruesapan et al. 2008, 2012) and Breynia are two closely related tropical A phylogenetic analysis of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) Asian-Australian genera with up to 52 and 35 species, respec- using DNA sequence data by Kathriarachchi et al. (2006) pro- tively (Webster 1994, Govaerts et al. 2000a, b, Radcliffe-Smith vided a backbone phylogeny for Phyllanthus L. and related 2001). Sauropus comprises mainly herbs and shrubs, whereas genera. Their study recommended subsuming Breynia L. (in- species of Breynia are always shrubs. Both genera share bifid cluding Sauropus Blume), Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., or emarginate styles, non-apiculate anthers, smooth seeds and and Synostemon F.Muell.
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Redalyc.Los Géneros De La Familia Euphorbiaceae En México (Parte A)
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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation on Phyllanthus acidus Leaf A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Bangladesh, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy. Submitted by Maliha Binta Saleh ID: 2013-3-70-049 Department of Pharmacy East West University Declaration by the Candidate I, Maliha Binta Saleh, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation on Phyllanthus acidus Leaf” submitted by me to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of Pharmacy, under the supervision and guidance of Abdullah-Al-Faysal, Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, East West University. The thesis paper has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. ________________________ Maliha Binta Saleh ID: 2013-3-70-049 Department of Pharmacy East West University, Dhaka. Certification by the Supervisor This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation on Phyllanthus acidus Leaf” submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of Pharmacy, was carried out by Maliha Binta Saleh, ID: 2013-3-70-049, under the supervision and guidance of me. The thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. _________________________ Abdullah-Al-Faysal Senior Lecturer Department of Pharmacy East West University, Dhaka.
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Phyllanthaceae
Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Phyllanthaceae Family Profile Phyllanthaceae Family Description A family of 59 genera and 1745 species, pantropiocal but especially in Malesia. Genera Actephila - A genus of about 20 species in Asia, Malesia and Australia; about ten species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1980a, 1980b); Webster (1994b); Forster (2005). Antidesma - A genus of about 170 species in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Malesia, Australia and the Pacific islands; five species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1980a); Henkin & Gillis (1977). Bischofia - A genus of two species in Asia, Malesia, Australia and the Pacific islands; one species occurs naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1967). Breynia - A genus of about 25 species in Asia, Malesia, Australia and New Caledonia; seven species occur naturally in Australia. Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1963); McPherson (1991); Webster (1994b). Bridelia - A genus of about 37 species in Africa, Asia, Malesia and Australia; four species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1976); Dressler (1996); Forster (1999a); Webster (1994b). Cleistanthus - A genus of about 140 species in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Malesia, Australia, Micronesia, New Caledonia and Fiji; nine species occur naturally in Australia. Airy Shaw (1976, 1980b); Webster (1994b). Flueggea - A genus of about 16 species, pantropic but also in temperate eastern Asia; two species occur naturally in Australia. Webster (1984, 1994b). Glochidion - A genus of about 200 species, mainly in Asia, Malesia, Australia and the Pacific islands; about 15 species occur naturally in Australia.
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D-299 Webster, Grady L
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Journal Arnold Arboretum
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Euphorbiaceae) Dörthe S
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 1984 Wood anatomy and relationships of Neowawraea (Euphorbiaceae) Dörthe S. Brandt W. John Hayden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Brandt, Dörthe S. and Hayden, W. John, "Wood anatomy and relationships of Neowawraea (Euphorbiaceae)" (1984). Honors Theses. Paper 839. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. --------------------- l"l1i«1i11oom U~~I1ll~i1'il" c WOOD ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF NEOWAWRAEA (EUPHORBIACEAE) W. JOHN HAYDEN AND DORTHE S. BRANDT Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173 ABSTRACT. Wood anatomy of three specimens of Neowawraea phyllanthoides Rock, a rare and endangered member of Euphorbiaceae endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, is described and compared with woods of other genera of subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Neowawraea has often been associated or synonymized with Drypetes Vahl. Wood of Neowawraea is diffuse porous, perforation plates are simple, imperforate tracheary elements are thin-walled septate fiber-tracheids, rays are heterocellular and crystaliferous, and axial xylem parenchyma is restricted to a few scanty paratracheal and terminal cells. In several respects these results differ from earlier published descriptions of the wood of this taxon; these earlier descriptions are shown to be in error. Further, as described here, wood of Neowawraea differs greatly from that of Drypetes. Accordingly, generic status for Neowawraea is warranted on anatomical grounds and relationship with certain genera of tribe Phyllantheae such as Breynia Forst., Glochidion Forst., or Phyllanthus L.
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TAXON:Breynia Vitis-Idaea
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