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TAXON:Breynia Vitis-Idaea

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TAXON:Breynia Vitis-Idaea TAXON: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate f.) C. E. C. Fisch. Taxon: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C. E. C. Fisch. Family: Phyllanthaceae Common Name(s): Indian snowberry Synonym(s): Rhamnus vitis-idaea Burm. f. mountain coffee bush Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 10 Aug 2016 WRA Score: 2.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Naturalizing, Tropical, Shrub, Bird-Dispersed, Recalcitrant Seeds Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 10 Aug 2016 (Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. Page 1 of 15 f.) C. E. C. Fisch. ) TAXON: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate f.) C. E. C. Fisch. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 y 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 n yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 10 Aug 2016 (Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. Page 2 of 15 f.) C. E. C. Fisch. ) TAXON: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate f.) C. E. C. Fisch. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Wu, Z.Y., Raven,P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2008. Flora of [No evidence of domestication] "Montane slopes, scrub; 100-1000 China. Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science m. Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Louis Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes Wu, Z.Y., Raven,P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2008. Flora of "Montane slopes, scrub; 100-1000 m. Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan China. Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]." Louis "Native: Asia-Temperate China: China - Guangdong, - Guizhou, - Yunnan Asia-Tropical USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh; India - Andhra Pradesh, - Kerala, 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online - Tamil Nadu, - Uttar Pradesh, - West Bengal, - Karnataka, - Goa; Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka [Accessed 8 Aug 2016] Indo-China: Cambodia; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam Malesia: Indonesia - Sumatra; Malaysia; Philippines North Indian Ocean: India - Andaman and Nicobar" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 8 Aug 2016] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Creation Date: 10 Aug 2016 (Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. Page 3 of 15 f.) C. E. C. Fisch. ) TAXON: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate f.) C. E. C. Fisch. Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes Wu, Z.Y., Raven,P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2008. Flora of [Elevation range <1000 m] "Montane slopes, scrub; 100-1000 m. China. Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Louis Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Wu, Z.Y., Raven,P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2008. Flora of "Montane slopes, scrub; 100-1000 m. Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan China. Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]." Louis Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Breynia vitis-idaea (N. L. Burman) C.E.C. Fischer (Confirmed) Imada, C.T., Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. Annotated First Collected: 1986 Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai͚i. Locations: http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedp Foster Botanical Garden (Confirmed) lants/. [Accessed 9 Aug 2016] Ho͚omaluhia Botanical Garden" Useful Tropical Plants Database. 2016. Breynia vitis-idaea. "Range E. Asia - southern China, Indian subcontinent through http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Breynia tropical Asia to Indonesia." [Widespread native range, but limited +vitis-idaea. [Accessed 9 Aug 2016] evidence of cultivation elsewhere] 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "staff is reporting as abundantly spreading at least adjacent to its Sand, J. 2016. Honolulu Botanical Gardens. Pers. Comm. planting location and sometimes pretty far away. It may just be 04 Aug. localized" 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia Creation Date: 10 Aug 2016 (Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. Page 4 of 15 f.) C. E. C. Fisch. ) TAXON: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate f.) C. E. C. Fisch. Qsn # Question Answer 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed y Source(s) Notes "It is clear that Breynia disticha, in its non-variegated state, has become invasive in Tropical Africa in several habitats. From the pattern of its occurrence in Guinea, it appears to be spreading not by suckers, but by seed, since it can occur in sites remote from human settlement, where there is no evidence of former cultivation. It was recorded in fruit from the original site in July 2012 by one of us (Molmou 486). The threat of Breynia disticha is its ability to colonise and persist in secondary forest is of great concern since potentially it Cheek, M., Challen, G., Merklinger, F.. & Molmou, D. could further threaten already rare native species by out-competing (2014). Breynia disticha, a new invasive alien for tropical and displacing them. Only 200m distant from the site of the first Africa. Aliens 33 : 31-34 discovery of Breynia disticha in Guinea is a small patch of intact forest containing what is thought to be the last surviving global location for the forest understorey shrub Tarenna hutchinsonii (Rubiaceae) and several other threatened species. There is a high risk that the all-green, invasive form of Breynia disticha will spread eastwards into nearby Sierra Leone, and beyond, colonising Tropical Africa.
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