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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
Nextdimension State-Of-The-Art Color Capabilities
NeXT dimension is an accelerated, 32-bit color board that gives the NeXTcube NeXTdimension state-of-the-art color capabilities. NeXT dimension was designed for people who want the most advanced color PostScript system available. It's ideal for high-end publishing, graphics, video, and animation applications. The engineers at NeXT have integrated a 32-bit, true-color display function, a 64-bit RISC-based dedicated graphics coprocessor, video capture and display, and a high-performance JPEG compression coprocessor-all on one board. Its Intel i860 RISC-based microprocessor, operating at 33 MHz, runs full-color PostScript and has been optimized for our coprocessing environment, increas ing drawing speed eight to twelve times. This enables graphics applications to process images in near real time. The JPEG compression capabilities let you compress and play back still- and full-motion video from a hard disk drive. Features Benefits 32-blts-per-pixel NeXTd1mens1on offers 16.7 m Ilion colors .. color to choose from, so 1mages on the screen > have a photographic realism, with color, ( depth, and clanty Accelerated graph1cs The lntei1860 graphics accelerator makes work1ng w1th 32-blt color as fast as-and 1n some cases faster than-worktng on a standard NeXTcube monochrome system. � Video 1nput Lets you connect a NeXTdimens1on and output system to a VCR, laserd1sc player, VHS, S-VHS, H1-8, Beta, Camcorder, or still-v1deo camera w1thout requtring additional boards. Real-t1me Lets you take live v1deo, compress 1t, compress1on and and store 1t on hard d1sk-tn real t1me decompression With compression, you can store up to 60 t1mes more live video on a hard disk. -
Openstep User Interface Guidelines
OpenStep User Interface Guidelines 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 U.S.A. Part No: 802-2109-10 A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business Revision A, September 1996 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A. All rights reserved. Portions Copyright 1995 NeXT Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from UNIX System Laboratories, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. Third-party font software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun's suppliers. This product incorporates technology licensed from Object Design, Inc. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. The product described in this manual may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or pending applications. TRADEMARKS Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SunSoft, the SunSoft logo, Solaris, SunOS, and OpenWindows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. -
Steve Jobs – Who Blended Art with Technology
GENERAL ¨ ARTICLE Steve Jobs – Who Blended Art with Technology V Rajaraman Steve Jobs is well known as the creator of the famous Apple brand of computers and consumer products known for their user friendly interface and aesthetic design. In his short life he transformed a range of industries including personal comput- ing, publishing, animated movies, music distribution, mobile phones, and retailing. He was a charismatic inspirational leader of groups of engineers who designed the products he V Rajaraman is at the visualized. He was also a skilled negotiator and a genius in Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Several marketing. In this article, we present a brief overview of his generations of scientists life. and engineers in India have learnt computer 1. Introduction science using his lucidly written textbooks on Steve Jobs made several significant contributions which revolu- programming and tionized six industries, namely, personal computing, publishing, computer fundamentals. His current research animated movies, music distribution, mobile phones, and retail- interests are parallel ing digital products. In all these cases he was not the primary computing and history of inventor; rather he was a consummate entrepreneur and manager computing. who understood the potential of a technology, picked a team of talented engineers to create what he visualized, motivated them to perform well beyond what they thought they could do. He was an aesthete who instinctively blended art with technology. He hired the best industrial designers to design products which were not only easy to use but were also stunningly beautiful. He was a marketing genius who created demand for his products by leaking tit bits of information about their ‘revolutionary’ features, thereby building expectancy among prospective customers. -
7 Products Steve Jobs Got Wrong 6 October 2011, by PETER SVENSSON , AP Technology Writer
7 products Steve Jobs got wrong 6 October 2011, By PETER SVENSSON , AP Technology Writer 4. Puck Mouse (1998) - The new iMac was the first major product created after Jobs' return to Apple in 1996, and it was a big success, despite its tiny, round mouse. Users couldn't tell which way it was oriented by feel, and it tended to disappear in the cup of the hand, making it hard to use. 5. The Cube (2000) - This small desktop computer was beautifully encased in a cube of clear plastic. It won design awards but was a flop in stores because of its high price. Also, it didn't really offer any functional benefits over other Macs. Apple's designs are iconic, but people aren't usually willing In this April 4, 1991, file photo, Steve Jobs, of NeXT to pay a premium for design alone. The Cube idea Computer Inc., poses with his NeXTstation color lives on in the Mac Mini, a more successful but less computer for the press at the NeXT facility in Redwood eye-catching small Mac. City, Calif. Apple on Wednesday, Oct. 5, 2011 said Jobs has died. He was 56. (AP Photo/Ben Margot, File) 6. iTunes phone (2005) - It's easy to forget that the iPhone wasn't Apple's first venture into the cellphone business. It formed a partnership with Motorola Inc. to launch the ROKR in late 2005. As (AP) -- Steve Jobs pushed the envelope many a phone, it was decent if unexciting, but as a music times when it came to product design, and the player, it fell far short of the iPod. -
Macintosh Classic Manual Download Macintosh Classic Manual
Macintosh Classic Manual Download Macintosh Classic Manual A.P. Van Meter joined Phase Linear in 1974, bringing with him his design experience working at Macintosh and University Sound. When Carver left Phase Linear in 1977, Van Meter became the Chief Design Engineer and the Engineering Manager. Under his direction the Series II models were designed and built, and introduced in 1978. IClicker Integrate is an IT Administrator toolkit that configures the campus LMS and iClicker Classic to directly communicate with each other. For educational institutions using iClicker Integrate, students register their remotes within the LMS resulting in fewer errors, and faculty seamlessly sync class rosters and polling data without ever.Manual installation of *.Xmp format presets and creative profiles: Unzip the presets if they’re zipped. Find the Develop Presets folder in Explorer (Windows) - Finder (Mac) by going to the Preferences > Presets tab and pressing the Show Lightroom Develop Presets button. You can also manually navigate to: So I need to fix a macintosh classic machine. The battery DESTROYED the logicboard, corroded all the resistors, traces, card edge, even the IC pins. I am working on the analog board which is definitely saveable but Ill need a new logic board. Does anyone happen to have one? Part # 820-0390-03 or 630-0390 retro classic bt limited edition set. $299.99. Retro compact keyboard (rck) quick view color. Kb540 antimicrobial (mac) $45.90. Km535 antimicrobial combo. Related Manuals for Macintosh SE. Desktop Macintosh Performa User Manual. Macintosh performa computer (196 pages). Desktop Macintosh Classic Service Source Apple Macintosh Classic II Boxed, Manuals, Mouse Vintage 68k 68030: Condition: For parts or not working. -
IDOL Connector Framework Server 11.6 Administration Guide
Connector Framework Server Software Version: 11.6 Administration Guide Document Release Date: February 2018 Software Release Date: February 2018 Administration Guide Legal notices Warranty The only warranties for Seattle SpinCo, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Seattle") products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. Seattle shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Restricted rights legend Confidential computer software. Except as specifically indicated, valid license from Seattle required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license. Copyright notice © Copyright 2018 EntIT Software LLC, a Micro Focus company Trademark notices Adobe™ is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Microsoft® and Windows® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Documentation updates The title page of this document contains the following identifying information: l Software Version number, which indicates the software version. l Document Release Date, which changes each time the document is updated. l Software Release Date, which indicates the release date of this version of the software. To verify you are using the most recent edition of a document, go to https://softwaresupport.softwaregrp.com/group/softwaresupport/search-result?doctype=online help. This site requires you to sign in with a Software Passport. -
NEWS and ANNOUNCEMENTS NEWS and ANNOUNCEMENTS: Maintosh Operating System Upgrade
. - JUNE 1987 VoLUME 8 NuMBER 8 • CONTENTS • NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS: Maintosh Operating System Upgrade ...... 69 • MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM UPGRADE IBM XT ..................................................... 75 Apple has released new versions of its system software for the Macin tosh. The new version (Finder 5.5) supports the new Mac II and SE. If REVIEWS: you use a Mac II, SE, or Plus, Apple recommends that you use this new PFS Professional File ............................... 70 software. Because the new software takes up more memory, if you have Write Now .................................................. 71 a 512K or enhanced 512K Mac, Apple recommends you continue to use Finder 3.3 and only upgrade your printer drivers. (If you have a SERVICES 128K Mac you should use these older versions: System 2.0, Finder I ACSS Contract Services Group ............... 73 4.1.) If you don't have the new software, you can make a free copy at SPCS Site Licenses ................................. 73 the Micro HelpLine. You only need to bring two 800K floppy disks: 1 one for the system files and one for the utilities. You can speed things MICROCOMPUTER SHORT COURSES up by initializing your disks before you come to the HelpLine. Since Summer 1987 ........................................... 75 different versions of the Mac require different versions of the operating I system files, in the table below we divided the Macs into two groups. The table includes version numbers and the amount of disk space the files need. The size of your System me may differ from ours since we The Microcomputer Newslener is published monthly by removed most fonts from System 4.1 and 3.2. -
DISCOVERING OPENSTEP: a Developer Tutorial
DISCOVERING OPENSTEP: A Developer Tutorial Rhapsody Developer Release Apple Computer, Inc. User Interface Tips copyright © 1997 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. [6467.00] No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. Printed in the United States of America. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. NeXT, the NeXT logo, NEXTSTEP, the NEXTSTEP logo, Digital Librarian, NeXTmail, and -
Venture 2 Great Lives Video Worksheet Steve Jobs
Venture 2 Great Lives Video worksheet Steve Jobs Getting started 3 VIDEO Watch again. Are these statements True or False? Correct the false ones. P How often do you use these devices, 1 Jobs left his college course early and got a job and what do you use them for? with computers. • a computer 2 The first Apple computers cost $200. • a tablet 3 Jobs left Apple but returned to it later. • an MP3 player 4 He developed some computers that weren’t Competences • a smartphone very popular with customers. 5 Pixar was successful before 1995. Check 6 The first iPhone appeared in 2011. 7 Jobs was 66 when he died. 1 VIDEO Watch the video and choose the correct answer. 1 In 1976 Steve Jobs… Language check A got a job with the Apple Computer Company. 4 Complete these sentences with the correct B went to work at a garage. relative pronoun: who, whose, which or where. 1 Steve Jobs, has been called the father of C started the Apple Computer Company at his the digital revolution, was born in 1955. parents’ home. 2 Cupertino, Jobs grew up, is now the D sold Apple-1 computers for thousands of location of the Apple company’s headquarters. dollars. 3 Steve Wozniak, helped to start the Apple 2 Pixar … when Jobs bought it in 1986. company, first met Jobs when they were 16. A was a successful animation company 4 Apple-1 computers, are very rare these B was a successful computer company days, can sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars. -
Se Niegan a Reconocer). Su Primer Sistema Operativo, El MS-DOS, Muy Parecido Al UNIX Original, Fue Comprado Por Una Miseria a Ot -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws
VB. Historia de Apple se niegan a reconocer). Su primer Sistema Operativo, el MS-DOS, muy parecido al UNIX original, fue comprado por una miseria a otra empresa y vendido como propio, entre otros a IBM. Apple (Jobs) sabía que los Mac necesitaban software para ser ser comercialmente rentables, y que Microsoft intentaba hacerse un hueco en el mercado de las aplicaciones, Macintosh era la ocasión de Microsoft de entrar en el lucrativo mercado de las Aplicaciones. Microsoft había hecho algunas débiles tentativas antes del Mac, pero sería con el Mac con quien acertaría, sabían que un nuevo ordenador significaba nuevas oportunidades. Jobs mostró a la gente de Microsoft una de las primeras fases de desarrollo de un prototipo Mac, y a Gates le gustaron las ideas que implicaba un nuevo concepto como este. Jobs y Gates se pusieron de acuerdo en que MS escribiera las nuevas aplicaciones. Justo antes del lanzamiento de las aplicaciones Gates amenazó con abandonar los desarrollos a menos que Jobs cediera en dos puntos: 1. Apple licenciara parte del MacUI (Interfaz de Usuario) para Aplicaciones de MS en PCs (¿Nunca le ha parecido que las aplicaciones en Mac y PC se parecen mucho? Pues no es por que sea la única solución en el universo para interfaces gráficos, es por que se COPIÓ). Estas aplicaciones se convertirían en una Suite de Aplicaciones que crecieron más adelante y evolucionarían al Windows 1.0 y MS-Office. Recordemos que Windows empezó como Application-Suite dentro de DOS, no un Shell de OS. Al licenciar Apple algunos conceptos a Microsoft (bajo coacción), debilitó su caso en contra de MS cuando esta empezó a copiar de forma más evidente a Apple. -
A History of the Personal Computer Index/11
A History of the Personal Computer 6100 CPU. See Intersil Index 6501 and 6502 microprocessor. See MOS Legend: Chap.#/Page# of Chap. 6502 BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. Languages -- Numerals -- 7000 copier. See Xerox/Misc. 3 E-Z Pieces software, 13/20 8000 microprocessors. See 3-Plus-1 software. See Intel/Microprocessors Commodore 8010 “Star” Information 3Com Corporation, 12/15, System. See Xerox/Comp. 12/27, 16/17, 17/18, 17/20 8080 and 8086 BASIC. See 3M company, 17/5, 17/22 Microsoft/Prog. Languages 3P+S board. See Processor 8514/A standard, 20/6 Technology 9700 laser printing system. 4K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. See Xerox/Misc. Languages 16032 and 32032 micro/p. See 4th Dimension. See ACI National Semiconductor 8/16 magazine, 18/5 65802 and 65816 micro/p. See 8/16-Central, 18/5 Western Design Center 8K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. 68000 series of micro/p. See Languages Motorola 20SC hard drive. See Apple 80000 series of micro/p. See Computer/Accessories Intel/Microprocessors 64 computer. See Commodore 88000 micro/p. See Motorola 80 Microcomputing magazine, 18/4 --A-- 80-103A modem. See Hayes A Programming lang. See APL 86-DOS. See Seattle Computer A+ magazine, 18/5 128EX/2 computer. See Video A.P.P.L.E. (Apple Pugetsound Technology Program Library Exchange) 386i personal computer. See user group, 18/4, 19/17 Sun Microsystems Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, 432 microprocessor. See 18/4 Intel/Microprocessors A2-Central newsletter, 18/5 603/4 Electronic Multiplier. Abacus magazine, 18/8 See IBM/Computer (mainframe) ABC (Atanasoff-Berry 660 computer.