DOCSLIB.ORG

Democracy Compromised Afrika-Studiecentrum Series

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Democracy Compromised Afrika-Studiecentrum Series Democracy Compromised Afrika-Studiecentrum Series Editorial Board Prof. Nicolas van de Walle (Michigan State University, USA) Prof. Deborah Posel (Director WISER, South Africa) Dr Ruth Watson (University of London, UK) Dr Paul Mathieu (FAO, Rome) Dr Piet Konings (African Studies Centre) VOLUME 5 Democracy Compromised Chiefs and the politics of the land in South Africa by Lungisile Ntsebeza BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 Cover photo The office of the Ehlathini Tribal Authority in Xhalanga (photo by Melanie Alperstein) This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ntsebeza, Lungisile. Democracy compromised : chiefs and the politics of the land in South Africa / by Lungisile Ntsebeza. p. cm. — (Afrika-Studiecentrum series, ISSN 1570-9310 ; v. 5) Based on the author's doctoral thesis. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-14482-X (pbk.) 1. Chiefdoms—South Africa—Xalanga. 2. Tribal government—South Africa—Xalanga 3. Political customs and rites—South Africa--Xalanga. 4. Democracy—South Africa— Xalanga. 5. Xalanga (South Africa)—Politics and government. 6. Xalanga (South Africa)— Social conditions. I. Title. II. Series. GN656.N87 2005 320.968—dc22 2005047112 ISSN 1570–9310 ISBN 90 04 14482 X © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands Contents List of maps viii Abbreviations ix FOREWORD 1 Background to the study 1 Terminology and spelling 4 The choice of case study 5 Methodology 6 The structure of the book 9 Acknowledgements 10 1TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES, DEMOCRACY AND THE LAND QUESTION: SOME CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 13 Introduction 13 The resilience of traditional authorities and their role in a democracy: The debate 16 Assessment of the integration model 31 Conclusion 33 2 THE XHALANGA DISTRICT AND ITS PEOPLE: 1865-1883 36 Introduction 36 The establishment of Xhalanga 37 The population of Xhalanga up to 1883: Some major dynamics 40 Chieftainship in Xhalanga: The colonial push to undermine Gecelo and Stokwe 44 The official end of the Gecelo and Stokwe chieftainship 52 Conclusion 56 3 THE LAND QUESTION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN XHALANGA: 1883-1924 58 Introduction 58 The land question in emigrant Thembuland up to 1883 60 The recommendations of the Thembuland commission on the land question 61 The Glen Grey Act and rural local government: A context 64 The Glen Grey Act and its impact in Xhalanga 69 The painful birth of the District Council in Xhalanga 91 Conclusion 92 vi 4 RURAL LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN XHALANGA IN THE ERA OF THE DISTRICT COUNCIL:THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES 93 Introduction 93 The District Council in Xhalanga 95 Chiefs in Xhalanga 102 The betterment/rehabilitation scheme in Xhalanga 108 Chief K.D. Matanzima in Xhalanga 121 Conclusion 128 5TRIBAL AUTHORITIES AND THE REVIVAL OF CHIEFTAINSHIP IN XHALANGA 131 Introduction 131 The establishment of Tribal Authorities and retribalisation in Xhalanga 132 Contextual background 136 Preliminary steps to set up Tribal Authorities in Xhalanga 139 Setting up the Xhalanga Tribal Authorities 143 Chieftainship in Xhalanga re-imposed 151 The government on the offensive: Arrests and deportations 161 Conclusion 173 6 ‘TSHISA, TSHISA’(BURN, BURN): THE STRUGGLE AGAINST TRIBAL AUTHORITIES INTENSIFIES 175 Introduction 175 Tshisa, tshisa: The climax of resistance in Xhalanga 176 Deportation 184 Divide and rule – Matanzima style 187 Proclamation 400, the coup de grace 191 The role of political organisations in rural resistance 194 Xhalanga in the late 1950s and the role of political organisations 198 The role of political organisations, women and youth in Xhalanga in the early 1960s 207 Conclusion 209 7THE ERA OF BANTU AUTHORITIES IN THE XHALANGA DISTRICT: A DECENTRALISED DESPOTISM? 212 Introduction 212 The consolidation of Tribal Authorities in Xhalanga 214 The re-emergence of organised resistance in Xhalanga 223 The struggle for land becomes more organised: The example of Emnxe 227 Political fermentation in the Xhalanga district 229 The shift to rural areas and the crisis of Tribal Authorities 240 The demarcation of land at Emnxe 245 vii From the demarcation of land to the first democratic election in 1994 249 Conclusion 253 8 DEMOCRACY COMPROMISED:POST-1994 RETRIBALISATION 256 Introduction 256 The ANC and the recognition of traditional authorities 257 The ANC policies on traditional authorities before the establishment of CONTRALESA 258 The formation of CONTRALESA and its significance 262 The position after the ANC was unbanned in 1990 266 The recognition of “the institution of traditional leadership” 268 The role of the IFP in the recognition of traditional authorities 271 The continental and global context 272 Rural dynamics in post-1994 South Africa 274 Democratising rural governance in South Africa’s democracy: 1994-1999/2000 277 The role and reaction of traditional authorities 280 The response of government up to 2002 281 Resolving the vexed question of the role of traditional authorities 284 Traditional authorities and their response 288 How do we explain the shift in favour of traditional authorities? 289 Conclusion 294 9 CONCLUSION 295 Neither citizens nor subjects 295 References 301 Index 321 viii List of maps 1 Map of the Eastern Cape showing the Queenstown area 2 2 Map of the Xhalanga District showing the four Tribal Authorities 145 ix Abbreviations AAC All African Convention ANC African National Congress ANCYL African National Congress Youth League AZAPO Azanian People’s Organisation BAD Bantu Affairs Department BRC Border Rural Committee CALUSA Cala University Students’ Association CATA Cape African Teachers Association CMT Chief Magistrate of the Transkei Territories CNIP Ciskei National Independence Party CONTRALESA Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa CODESA Conference for a Democratic South Africa COSAG Concerned South African Group COSATU Congress of South African Trade Unions CPA Communal Property Association CPSA Communist Party of South Africa CRA Cala Residents Association DCs District Councils DLA Department of Land Affairs DRC Dutch Reformed Church EFU Economic Farming Unit EMRA Emnxe Residents Association GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution GNU Government of National Unity GRC Grahamstown Rural Committee HCT Health Care Trust HSRC Human Sciences Research Council ICU Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union IDP Integrated Development Plan IFP Inkatha Freedom Party IMF International Monetary Fund ISER Institute of Social and Economic Research MDM Mass Democratic Movement MK uMkhonto weSizwe MLA Member of Legislative Assembly MP Member of Parliament x MPNP Multi-Party Negotiation Process NEUM Non-European Unity Movement NGK Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NRC Native Representative Council NOTPECO Northern Transvaal People’s Congress NP National Party NUM National Union of Mineworkers PAC Pan Africanist Congress PLAAS Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies PTO Permit to Occupy RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SACHED South African Committee of Higher Education SACP South African Communist Party SAAWU South African Allied Workers’ Union SANAC South African Native Affairs Commission SANCO South African National Civic Organisation SAYCO South African Youth Congress SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDIs Spatial Development Initiatives SOYA Society of Young Africans TAARN Traditional Authority Applied ResearchNetwork TAVA Transkei African Voters’ Association TOB Transkei Organised Bodies TPC Transkei Planning Committee TRC Truth and Reconciliation Commission UDF United Democratic Front UK United Kingdom ULPP Unemployment Labour Preference Policy UNISA University of South Africa USA United States of America USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics UTTGC United Transkeian Territories General Council WRI World Resources Institute XAYCO Xhalanga Youth Congress XCAC Xhalanga Campaigns Action Committee XYC Xhalanga Youth Club Foreword Background to the study This book is in many ways the product of over 10 years of an intellectual jour- ney. Soon after completing my Masters degree at the University of Natal, Durban, in 1993 on “Youth in Urban African Townships: A Case Study of the East London Townships”, I took up a research position in the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at Rhodes University. My Masters thesis (Ntsebeza 1993) traced and analysed the changing situation of urban African youth in the East London locations. I argued in the thesis that the youth was not homogeneous; that it divided into various social groups or categories. One of the groups of youths that intrigued me was the “country bumpkins” (abaxhaka). These young people were often bullied and looked down upon by their urban born and bred counterparts. However, my thesis found that, over time, abaxhaka adapted to their context and urban values were inculcated in them. There were instances
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Niche Parties in the Benoit and Laver Expert Survey
    Niche parties in the Benoit and Laver expert survey Note: 1) This list is not to be treated as exhaustive as the expert survey restricted itself to the most important parties in each country. Many smaller parties are therefore not included in the dataset. 2)Only countries with more than three parties are included in the analysis as it is not reasonable to calculate mean salience scores with just one or two competitors. While smaller party systems may also have niche parties, it is difficult to assess relative levels of salience if the number of other competitors is so small. This excludes Malta and the United States from the sample for this survey. 3) Party family information is taken from the CMP dataset. 4) For more on the survey and precise question wording, see: Benoit, K. and M. Laver (2006) Party Policy in Modern Democracies, Routledge, London. Country Party Party family Niche issues Austria Freedom Party (FPÖ) Liberal Immigration Greens Green Immigration, Social policy, Environment Belgium National Front (FN) n/a Social Policy, Immigration New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) n/a Decentralization Vlaams Blok (VB) Ethno-regionalist Decentralization, Immigration, Social Policy Britain Plaid Cmyru Ethno-regionalist Decentralization Scottish National Party Ethno-regionalist Decentralization Canada Bloc Quebecois Ethno-regionalist Decentralization, Quebec Green Party Green Environment Denmark Christian People's Party (KrF) Christian Democratic Social Policy Finland Christian Democrats (KD) Christian Democratic Social Policy True Finns (PS) Agrarian
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2021 “Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962 Michael R. Hogan West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the African History Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Michael R., "“Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962" (2021). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 8264. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/8264 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962 Michael Robert Hogan Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History Robert M.
    [Show full text]
  • University of the Witwatersrand
    UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African Studies Seminar Paper to be presented in RW 4.00pm MARCH 1976 Title: Liberalism and Ethnicity in South African Politics, 1921-1948 by: Paul Rich No. 040 Liberalism and ethnicity in South African politics. 1921-1948 One of the main problems confronting liberal ideology in the South African context is the nature and role of group identities. This has been no small question because liberal theorists have tended to be hide-bound by a reliance on the inherent rationality of a free market that specifically excludes the role of group interests from its sphere of operations. Thus, while twentieth century liberalism has made a number of important revisions in the classical laissez-faire model of the nineteenth century (I), it still places a considerable emphasis on the free market sector even though, as Professor John Kenneth Galbraith has observed, this now typifies only a minority sector in western capitalist economies (2). It is this dependency on the free- market model, however, that restricts the liberal view of rationality to one of economics. The most rational figure in this view remains the classic homo economicus. the child of the Eighteenth Century Enlightenment, who buys in the cheapest market and sells in the dearest. The implications of this model are far-reaching in terms of J social values. If the basis of society is seen to rest on free- floating individuals motivated by a high degree of psychological hedonism then the basis of society's values rests on individual ones to the neglect of the wider community.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 168 SO 028 325 AUTHOR Warnsley, Johnnye R. TITLE Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future. A Curriculum Unit. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (South Africa). INSTITUTION Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 77p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Studies; *Apartheid; Black Studies; Foreign Countries; Global Education; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; Peace; *Racial Discrimination; *Racial Segregation; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS African National Congress; Mandela (Nelson); *South Africa ABSTRACT This curriculum unit is designed for students to achieve a better understanding of the South African society and the numerous changes that have recently, occurred. The four-week unit can be modified to fit existing classroom needs. The nine lessons include: (1) "A Profile of South Africa"; (2) "South African Society"; (3) "Nelson Mandela: The Rivonia Trial Speech"; (4) "African National Congress Struggle for Justice"; (5) "Laws of South Africa"; (6) "The Pass Laws: How They Impacted the Lives of Black South Africans"; (7) "Homelands: A Key Feature of Apartheid"; (8) "Research Project: The Liberation Movement"; and (9)"A Time Line." Students readings, handouts, discussion questions, maps, and bibliography are included. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 00 I- 4.1"Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future" A Curriculum Unit HERE SHALL watr- ALL 5 HALLENTOEQUALARTiii. 41"It AFiacAPLAYiB(D - Wad Lli -WIr_l clal4 I.4.4i-i PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (4.)L.ct.0-Aou-S TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Johnnye R.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Establishment Coalition Governments in Southern Europe: Greece and Italy
    Anti-establishment coalition governments in Southern Europe: Greece and Italy Vasiliki Georgiadou Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 136 Syngrou Ave. 17671, Athens, Greece. Email: [email protected] Jenny Mavropoulou Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 136 Syngrou Ave. 17671, Athens, Greece. Email: [email protected] Abstract Anti-establishment parties with either a left-wing or a right-wing ideological slant have been entering contemporary European Democracies with sizeable vote shares. During the Great Recession, the Greek and the Italian party system could be perceived as convergent case-studies for the formation and breakthrough of anti-establishment parties. Given the fact that ideologically diverging anti- establishment parties – the Coalition of the Radical Left - Social Unionist Front (SYRIZA) and the Independent Greeks (ANEL) in the Greek case, as well as the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the League in the Italian one – came to power and formed coalition governments, the primary goal of this article is to enquire into supply-side parameters, exploring potential associations along a range of programmatic stances and policy dimensions that effectuated these governing alliances. Using the Comparative Manifesto Project dataset, our findings confirm the existence of expected programmatic differences as well as a converging policymaking basis between the anti-establishment coalition partners of both governing alliances. Keywords: anti-establishment parties, SYRIZA, ANEL, M5S, League, supply-side,
    [Show full text]
  • Law-Life: Colonialism and the Flows of the Political by Petrus Terblanche Delport 26046424 a Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilmen
    Law-Life: Colonialism and the Flows of the Political by Petrus Terblanche Delport 26046424 A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Artium (Philosophy) In the Department of Philosophy at the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SUPERVISOR: Prof. Ulrike Kistner CO-SUPERVISORS: Prof. Reingard Nethersole, Prof. Karin van Marle March 2017 © University of Pretoria DEDICATION Forever to Cherise Botha; forever and always. PAD and JD, for the impulse to enquiry. 1 © University of Pretoria PLAGIARISM DECLARATION I declare that the dissertation, Law-Life: Colonialism and the Flows of the Political, which I hereby submit for the degree Magister Artium (Philosophy) at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. 2 © University of Pretoria ABSTRACT In the Constitutional Court case of Mazibuko and Others v The City of Johannesburg and Others CCT 39/09 [2009], a case dealing with the question of access to water, the presiding judge, Kate O’Regan CJ, makes the following opening remarks to the judgment: ‘Water is life. Without it, nothing organic grows. Human beings need water to drink, to cook, to wash and to grow our food. Without it, we will die. It is not surprising then that our Constitution entrenches the right of access to water’. My aim in this dissertation is to investigate the couplet of law-life and the political in the Constitutional Court case of Mazibuko and Others v The City of Johannesburg and Others. The case stands as an exemplar of the intersection of life and the political by virtue of its focus on socio-economic rights, specifically the right of access to water enshrined in the Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Inkanyiso OFC 8.1 FM.Fm
    21 The suppression of political opposition and the extent of violating civil liberties in the erstwhile Ciskei and Transkei bantustans, 1960-1989 Maxwell Z. Shamase 1 Department of History, University of Zululand [email protected] This paper aims at interrogating the nature of political suppression and the extent to which civil liberties were violated in the erstwhile Ciskei and Transkei. Whatever the South African government's reasons, publicly stated or hidden, for encouraging bantustan independence, by the time of Ciskei's independence ceremonies in December 1981 it was clear that the bantustans were also to be used as a more brutal instrument for suppressing opposition. Both Transkei and Ciskei used additional emergency-style laws to silence opposition in the run-up to both self- government and later independence. By the mid-1980s a clear pattern of brutal suppression of opposition had emerged in both bantustans, with South Africa frequently washing its hands of the situation on the grounds that these were 'independent' countries. Both bantustans borrowed repressive South African legislation initially and, in addition, backed this up with emergency-style regulations passed with South African assistance before independence (Proclamation 400 and 413 in Transkei which operated from 1960 until 1977, and Proclamation R252 in Ciskei which operated from 1977 until 1982). The emergency Proclamations 400, 413 and R252 appear to have been retained in the Transkei case and introduced in the Ciskei in order to suppress legal opposition at the time of attainment of self-government status. Police in the bantustans (initially SAP and later the Transkei and Ciskei Police) targeted political opponents rather than criminals, as the SAP did in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Governing the ''New'' South Africa?
    Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa? Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard To cite this version: Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard. Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa?: Elites, Networks and Governing Styles (1985-2003). IFAS Working Paper Series / Les Cahiers de l’ IFAS, 2006, 8, p. 13-37. hal-00799193 HAL Id: hal-00799193 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00799193 Submitted on 11 Mar 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ten Years of Democratic South Africa transition Accomplished? by Aurelia WA KABWE-SEGATTI, Nicolas PEJOUT and Philippe GUILLAUME Les Nouveaux Cahiers de l’IFAS / IFAS Working Paper Series is a series of occasional working papers, dedicated to disseminating research in the social and human sciences on Southern Africa. Under the supervision of appointed editors, each issue covers a specifi c theme; papers originate from researchers, experts or post-graduate students from France, Europe or Southern Africa with an interest in the region. The views and opinions expressed here remain the sole responsibility of the authors. Any query regarding this publication should be directed to the chief editor. Chief editor: Aurelia WA KABWE – SEGATTI, IFAS-Research director.
    [Show full text]
  • National Identity and Post-Colonial Development: Dictatorial Zimbabwe and Democratic Republic of South Africa Master's Thesis
    National Identity and Post-Colonial Development: Dictatorial Zimbabwe and Democratic Republic of South Africa Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Global Studies Chandler Rosenberger, Advisor Jasmine Waddell, Advisor Richard Parmentier, Chairman In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master’s Degree By Andrea Cohen August, 2011 Copyright by Andrea Cohen © 2011 Dedication I would like to dedicate this piece of work to my parents, Fran and Les Cohen. Their hard work and endless support has allowed me to take up any opportunity that comes my way, including my desire to earn a Master’s degree. My Dad has shown me through example the importance of a strong work ethic. His quotes comparing hard work to sports always hang above my desk. Both my parent’s high regard for the needs of others has in part inspired me with a passion to better the lives of those who live in poverty, fear and oppression. I am eternally grateful for their enduring love, guidance, support. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my graduate advisers for their role in my education and for their guidance and support throughout the process. Professors Jasmine Waddell and Chandler Rosenberger’s intellect always inspired me to keep learning, think harder, and dig deeper. I cannot possibly thank Professor Waddell enough for her enduring support throughout the writing process. Each conversation with her left me feeling renewed, validated, and ready to tackle the challenge ahead. Professor Rosenberger always pushed me to achieve the perfection he knew I was capable of, and for that I am thankful to him.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ROYAL SUBJECTS
    ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: ROYAL SUBJECTS, IMPERIAL CITIZENS: THE MAKING OF BRITISH IMPERIAL CULTURE, 1860- 1901 Charles Vincent Reed, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Richard Price Department of History ABSTRACT: The dissertation explores the development of global identities in the nineteenth-century British Empire through one particular device of colonial rule – the royal tour. Colonial officials and administrators sought to encourage loyalty and obedience on part of Queen Victoria’s subjects around the world through imperial spectacle and personal interaction with the queen’s children and grandchildren. The royal tour, I argue, created cultural spaces that both settlers of European descent and colonial people of color used to claim the rights and responsibilities of imperial citizenship. The dissertation, then, examines how the royal tours were imagined and used by different historical actors in Britain, southern Africa, New Zealand, and South Asia. My work builds on a growing historical literature about “imperial networks” and the cultures of empire. In particular, it aims to understand the British world as a complex field of cultural encounters, exchanges, and borrowings rather than a collection of unitary paths between Great Britain and its colonies. ROYAL SUBJECTS, IMPERIAL CITIZENS: THE MAKING OF BRITISH IMPERIAL CULTURE, 1860-1901 by Charles Vincent Reed Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Advisory Committee: Professor Richard Price, Chair Professor Paul Landau Professor Dane Kennedy Professor Julie Greene Professor Ralph Bauer © Copyright by Charles Vincent Reed 2010 DEDICATION To Jude ii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS Writing a dissertation is both a profoundly collective project and an intensely individual one.
    [Show full text]
  • The Governorship and High Commissionership of Sir Hercules
    1 t;~ .cY. f.t~.,~~-: b:' S ~ '";.. .. !t }f-t_o;do-9-t/ p b_q ;1r J t ..,,•. ,:'· . i · .•• e copyright of this thesis is held by the University of Cap·~ Town. Reproduction of the V':hole or any part . may be made fo:-- study purposes orily, and not for publication. THE GOVERNORSHIP AND HIGH CO~~ISSIONERSHIP OF rt SIR HERCULES ROBINSON, Town 1881-1889 Cape of University The Being a·. Thesi.s presented for the degree of ~1aster of Arts at thA University of Cape Town by GE.RALD DENNIS QUINN 1955 J .''> The copyright of this thesis vestsTown in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementCape of the source. The thesis is to be usedof for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusiveUniversity license granted to UCT by the author. The CON'I'ENTS Page Introduction . .. •· .. ... .. .. 1 I. The 1'ransvaa1 to 1884 . ... 7 II. Bechuanaland to 1884 • • 0 ... •• 0 22 III. Basuto1and to 1884 .. , . • • 0 .. 31 IV. The Transvaal, Bechuanaland and Basutoland from 1884 • • • .•· . 44 v. South Africa, 1881 - 1889 ••• • • • 56 VI. The Gover.oor and the Cape, 1881 - 1889 78 VII. High Commissioner and/or Governor? 89 Conclusion .. ... • •• • •• 100 Bibliography ... .. • • • • • i - iv I N T R 0 D U G T I 0 N /' I In August 1880 ,. Sir Hercules G~orge Robert Robinson, then I Governor of New Zealand, was informed that be had been appoin­ '•, ,, ted to the dual posts of Governor of the Cape Colony and Her Majesty's High Commissioner for South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • A1132-C270-001-Jpeg.Pdf
    faJUtl&fp j y ^ V No. 4 ' Weekly Edition REPU^lC OF SOUTH AFRICA ^ HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY DEBATES (HAN S ARsQ) THIRD SESSION — THIRD PARLIAMENT 26th FEBRUARY to 1st MARCH, 1968 The sign * indicates that the speech was delivered in Afrikaans and then translated. Where both official languages are used in the same ministerial speech, t indicates the original and * the translated version. CONTENTS Stages of Bills taken without debate are not indicated below COL. NO. COL. NO. M onday, 26th February Births, Marriages and Deaths Registra­ tion Amendment Bill—Second Human Sciences Research Bill—Com­ Reading ............................................ 1220 mittee ............................................... 1119 Wine and Spirits Control Amendment Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amend­ Bill—Second Reading ..................... 1229 ment Bill—Third Reading .............. 1120 Bantu Administration by Local Authori­ Indians Advanced Technical Education ties—Motion .................................... 1231 Bill—Committee ............................. 1123 South African Indian Council Bill—Sec­ W ednesday, 28th F ebruary ond Reading.................................... 1124 Report of Commission of Enquiry into Wine. Other Fermented Beverages and Improper Political Interference and Spirits Amendment Bill—Second Political Representation of the Reading............................................ 1156 Various Population Group s— Waterval River (Lydenburg) Bill—Sec­ Motion ............................................. 1265 ond Reading ...................................
    [Show full text]