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Sleeping Giants: a Ofensiva Moral Dos Gigantes Adormecidos Contra O Novo Regime De Desinformação
VOL. 23, Nº 1, JAN.-ABR. 2021 ISSN 1518-2487 Sleeping Giants: a ofensiva moral dos gigantes adormecidos contra o novo regime de desinformação Sleeping Giants: La ofensiva moral de los gigantes dormidos contra el nuevo régimen de desinformación The moral offensive of Sleeping Giants against the new regime of disinformation Arthur Coelho Bezerra Juliano Borges Doutor em Ciências Humanas pela Universidade Jornalista (UFRJ) e doutor em Ciência Política pelo Federal do Rio de Janeiro, com pós-doutorado antigo IUPERJ com pós-doutorado em Comunica- também pela UFRJ. Mestre em Sociologia pelo ção Política pela Universidade do Estado do Rio antigo IUPERJ. Pesquisador Titular do Instituto de Janeiro. Professor titular do curso de Comuni- Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnolo- cação Social do IBMEC e integrante do grupo de gia (IBICT/MCTIC), com bolsa de produtividade do pesquisa Escritos - Estudos Críticos em Informa- CNPq. Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação ção, Tecnologia e Organização Social do Instituto em Ciência da Informação (PPGCIIBICTUFRJ). Lí- Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia der do grupo de pesquisa Escritos - Estudos Crí- (IBICT). ticos em Informação, Tecnologia e Organização Contato: [email protected] Social Contato: [email protected] CreativeCommons Atribuição NãoComercial CompartilhaIgual Resumo O artigo analisa o trabalho do movimento cívico digital Sleeping Giants de enfrentamento à desinformação na internet por meio da desmonetização de sites produtores de conteúdos maliciosos. Com base em análises de posts e interações do movimento no Twitter, além de entrevista concedida pela cocriadora do grupo aos autores, apresentamos as táticas, os alvos e o tipo de linguagem que Sleeping Giants utiliza para combater a desinfor- mação na internet. -
© Copyright 2020 Yunkang Yang
© Copyright 2020 Yunkang Yang The Political Logic of the Radical Right Media Sphere in the United States Yunkang Yang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2020 Reading Committee: W. Lance Bennett, Chair Matthew J. Powers Kirsten A. Foot Adrienne Russell Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Communication University of Washington Abstract The Political Logic of the Radical Right Media Sphere in the United States Yunkang Yang Chair of the Supervisory Committee: W. Lance Bennett Department of Communication Democracy in America is threatened by an increased level of false information circulating through online media networks. Previous research has found that radical right media such as Fox News and Breitbart are the principal incubators and distributors of online disinformation. In this dissertation, I draw attention to their political mobilizing logic and propose a new theoretical framework to analyze major radical right media in the U.S. Contrasted with the old partisan media literature that regarded radical right media as partisan news organizations, I argue that media outlets such as Fox News and Breitbart are better understood as hybrid network organizations. This means that many radical right media can function as partisan journalism producers, disinformation distributors, and in many cases political organizations at the same time. They not only provide partisan news reporting but also engage in a variety of political activities such as spreading disinformation, conducting opposition research, contacting voters, and campaigning and fundraising for politicians. In addition, many radical right media are also capable of forming emerging political organization networks that can mobilize resources, coordinate actions, and pursue tangible political goals at strategic moments in response to the changing political environment. -
IRIE International Review of Information Ethics Vol
IRIE International Review of Information Ethics Vol. 30 (08/2021) Juliano Borges & Arthur Coelho Bezerra (interviewers), Nandini Jammi (interviewed) A trench in the fight against disinformation: Interview with Sleeping Giants co-creator Nandini Jammi Abstract: With the aim of gathering information for an article (recently published in Brazil) about Sleeping Giants’ fight against the political economy of disinformation, Brazilian researchers Juliano Borges and Arthur Coelho Bezerra interviewed the co-creator of the SG movement in the United States, Nandini Jammi, on October 2020. In this interview, Jammi addresses programmatic advertising, discusses the tactic found by Sleeping Giants to demonetize uninformative sites and takes a position on the responsibility of platforms to contain hate speech and disinformation on the internet. She explains how the initiative begins by targeting the disinformation site Breitbart News, and evolves into a digital civic movement that now relies on the collaborative work of unknown volunteers, including spontaneous cell creation in countries like Canada, France and Brazil. Keywords: Disinformation, Programmatic Advertising, Regime of Information, Sleeping Giants Interviewers: Prof. Dr. Juliano Borges • [email protected] • Instituto Brasileiro de Mercado de Capitais (IBMEC). Avenida Armando Lombardi, 940, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22640-000, Brazil Prof. Dr. Arthur Coelho Bezerra • Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, Rua Lauro Müller, 455, 4o andar, Botafogo, 22290-160, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brasil. • [email protected], escritos.ibict.br © by IRIE – all rights reserved www.informationethics.ca 1 ISSN 1614-1687 IRIE International Review of Information Ethics Vol. 30 (08/2021) Introduction The following interview was conducted for the purpose of writing an article about the digital civic movement Sleeping Giants and their moral offensive against disinformation1, which was published in the Brazilian journal Eptic. -
Media and Communication Open Access Journal | ISSN: 2183-2439
Media and Communication Open Access Journal | ISSN: 2183-2439 Volume 7, Issue 4 (2019) PeripheralPeripheral ActorsActors inin Journalism:Journalism: AgentsAgents ofof ChangeChange inin Journalism,Journalism, CultureCulture andand PracticePractice Editors Avery E. Holton, Valerie Belair-Gagnon and Oscar Westlund Media and Communication, 2019, Volume 7, Issue 4 Peripheral Actors in Journalism: Agents of Change in Journalism, Culture and Practice Published by Cogitatio Press Rua Fialho de Almeida 14, 2º Esq., 1070-129 Lisbon Portugal Academic Editors Avery E. Holton (University of Utah, USA) Valerie Belair-Gagnon (University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA) Oscar Westlund (Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway / Volda University College, Norway / University of Gothenburg, Sweden) Available online at: www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication This issue is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). Articles may be reproduced provided that credit is given to the original and Media and Communication is acknowledged as the original venue of publication. Table of Contents Space for the Liminal Valerie Belair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton and Oscar Westlund 1–7 Where Do We Draw the Line? Interlopers, (Ant)agonists, and an Unbounded Journalistic Field Scott A. Eldridge II 8–18 Working on the Margins: Comparative Perspectives on the Roles and Motivations of Peripheral Actors in Journalism Aljosha Karim Schapals, Phoebe Maares and Folker Hanusch 19–30 Online Participatory Journalism: A Systematic Literature Review Katherine M. Engelke 31–44 The New Advertisers: How Foundation Funding Impacts Journalism Patrick Ferrucci and Jacob L. Nelson 45–55 Molo.news: Experimentally Developing a Relational Platform for Local Journalism Andreas Hepp and Wiebke Loosen 56–67 Activism, Advertising, and Far-Right Media: The Case of Sleeping Giants Joshua A. -
Rsis Webinar Series on "Drums: Distortions, Misinformation & Smears"
RSIS WEBINAR SERIES ON "DRUMS: DISTORTIONS, RUMOURS, UNTRUTHS MISINFORMATION & SMEARS" Event Report 1st, 2nd and 4th December 2020 Nanyang Technological University Block S4, Level B3, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Tel: +65 6790 6982 | Fax: +65 6794 0617 | www.rsis.edu.sg RSIS WEBINAR SERIES ON “DRUMS: DISTORTIONS, RUMOURS, UNTRUTHS, MISINFORMATION & SMEARS” Event Report 1st, 2nd and 4th December 2020 1 Report on the Workshop organised by: Centre of Excellence for National Security (CENS), S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore Supported by: National Security Coordination Secretariat (NSCS), Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), Singapore Rapporteurs: Jennifer Yang Hui, Dymples Leong Suying and Eugene EG Tan Editor: Muhammad Faizal Bin Abdul Rahman 2 The panel sessions of the workshop are captured in the conference report with speakers identified. Q&A discussions are incorporated without attribution. Terms of use: This publication may be reproduced electronically or in print, and used in discussions on radio, television, and fora, with prior written permission obtained from RSIS and due credit given to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email to [email protected] for further editorial enquiries. 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................. 6 Webinar One: Elections, Misinformation and Disinformation .......................................................... 11 Managing Comprehensive Elections Risk ..... 11 Pro-Chinese Communist -
Tackling the “Fake”
Tackling the “Fake” Without Harming the “News” A Paper Series on Regulatory Responses to Misinformation Edited by Michael Karanicolas Yale LawSchool Information Society Project / Nowhere to Hide / Andrew Burt March 2021 Acknowledgements This paper series was edited by Michael Karanicolas, Wikimedia Fellow, Yale Law School, with the invaluable support of the WIII program team of Abby Lemert, Elizabeth Zietz, Juan Carlos Salamanca Vázquez, and Robin Asgari. The chapter authors are Nathalie Maréchal, Senior Policy Analyst, Ranking Digital Rights; Elizabeth Renieris, Founding Director, Notre Dame-IBM Technology Ethics Lab; Jan Rydzak, Company Engagement Lead, Ranking Digital Rights; Ivar Hartmann, Associate Professor, Insper Learning Institution; Jonathan Obar, Assistant Professor, York University; Akriti Gaur; and Lisa H. Macpherson, Senior Policy Fellow, Public Knowledge. The introduction is by Michael Karanicolas, and the foreword is by Amanda Keton, General Counsel, Wikimedia Foundation. Thanks to Nancy Liao, Francesca Procaccini, Niklas Eder, Adam Posluns, Jennifer Henrichsen, Chinmayi Arun, Alicia Solow-Niederman, Pauline Trouillard, Artur Pericles Lima Monteiro, Jisu Kim, Przemysław Pałka, Maren Woebbeking, Elettra Bietti, Tomiwa Ilori, and Ayesha Khan, all of whom contributed to the review process. Thanks are also due to Jack Balkin, founder and director of the Yale Information Society Project, and Nikolas Guggenberger, EXecutive Director of the Yale Information Society Project, whose leadership and guidance were enormously helpful in taking this forward. Likewise, thanks go out to the Wikimedia Foundation, whose support made this project possible. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. You are free to: ñ Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format ñ Adapt — remiX, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. -
Activism, Advertising, and Far-Right Media: the Case of Sleeping Giants
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Journalism Faculty Publication Series Journalism 2019 Activism, Advertising, and Far-Right Media: The Case of Sleeping Giants Joshua A. Braun John D. Coakley Emily West Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/journalism_faculty_pubs Media and Communication (ISSN: 2183–2439) 2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 68–79 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v7i4.2280 Article Activism, Advertising, and Far-Right Media: The Case of Sleeping Giants Joshua A. Braun 1,*, John D. Coakley 1 and Emily West 2 1 Journalism Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.A.B.), [email protected] (J.D.C.) 2 Communication Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Submitted: 18 June 2019 | Accepted: 10 October 2019 | Published: 17 December 2019 Abstract This study examines the international activist movement known as Sleeping Giants, a social-media “campaign to make bigotry and sexism less profitable” (Sleeping Giants, n.d.). The campaign originated in the US with an anonymous Twitter account that enlisted followers in encouraging brands to pull their online advertising from Breitbart News. The campaign achieved dramatic success and rapidly spread to regions outside the US, with other anonymously run and loosely allied chapters emerging in 15 different nations (as well as a regional chapter for the EU). Many of these were initially created to take on Breitbart advertisers in their home countries, but in a number of cases they subsequently turned their attention to disrupting financial support for other far-right news media in—or impacting—their home countries. -
Unassailable
PROTECT YOURSELF FROM DEPLATFORM ATTACKS, CANCEL CULTURE AND OTHER ONLINE DISASTERS M A R K E . J E F T O V I C FOREWORD BY CHARLES HUGH SMITH UNASSAILABLE DEFEND YOURSELF FROM DEPLATFORM ATTA!"S, !AN!EL !ULTURE # OTHER ONLINE DISASTERS MAR" E. $EFTO%I! !OPYRIGHT_ First published by AxisOfEasy Media, 2020 First edition. v1.04.1 AxisOfEasy Media is an imprint of VP Media 4243C Dundas St. W, Suite 405, Etobicoke, ON M8X 1Y3, Canada Text copyright Mark E. Jeftovic ISBN: 978-1-9992852-1-0 E-book: 978-1-9992852-0-3 All rights reserved. Contact [email protected] https://AxisOfEasy.media Credits: Cover design: Ryan McMillan Back cover photo: Ian Paterson !ONTENTS Acknowledgments v Untitled "x Foreword x" Introduction x# Part I: The Battle for Narrative Control x"x 1. Freedom is a Two-Edged Sword 1 2. Invisible Men Are Not Welcome in the Panopticon 9 3. Cancel Culture Through the Ages 15 4. Does Deplatforming Even Work? 23 Part II: What You Do About It 41 5. “Own the Racecourse” 43 6. Always Promote Your Own Brand 47 7. Website Hosting 51 8. Blogs 55 9. Discussion Forums 67 10. Your Email 75 11. Podcasting 87 12. Ecommerce Solutions 89 13. Bad Revenue Models 93 14. Good Revenue Models 105 15. Securing Your Domain Names 111 16. Backing it All Up 137 17. Alternative Platforms 141 18. Epilogue 147 About the Author 149 Appendix A: Selected Writings 151 First They Came for the File Sharing Domains 153 The Cultural Purge Will Not Be Televised 157 A Heretic’s Guide to Deplatforming 171 Appendix B: Selected Resources 181 Notes 183 A!"NOWLEDGMENTS_ A lot of people helped me with this book and I’d like to take this opportunity to mention them in no particular order: Sieg Pedde, Osama Arafat , Jim Carroll and Jesse Hirsh all read initial drafts and helped me flesh it out. -
Activism, Advertising, and Far-Right Media: the Case of Sleeping Giants
Media and Communication (ISSN: 2183–2439) 2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 68–79 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v7i4.2280 Article Activism, Advertising, and Far-Right Media: The Case of Sleeping Giants Joshua A. Braun 1,*, John D. Coakley 1 and Emily West 2 1 Journalism Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.A.B.), [email protected] (J.D.C.) 2 Communication Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Submitted: 18 June 2019 | Accepted: 10 October 2019 | Published: 17 December 2019 Abstract This study examines the international activist movement known as Sleeping Giants, a social-media “campaign to make bigotry and sexism less profitable” (Sleeping Giants, n.d.). The campaign originated in the US with an anonymous Twitter account that enlisted followers in encouraging brands to pull their online advertising from Breitbart News. The campaign achieved dramatic success and rapidly spread to regions outside the US, with other anonymously run and loosely allied chapters emerging in 15 different nations (as well as a regional chapter for the EU). Many of these were initially created to take on Breitbart advertisers in their home countries, but in a number of cases they subsequently turned their attention to disrupting financial support for other far-right news media in—or impacting—their home countries. Based on interviews with leaders of eight Sleeping Giants chapters, as well as the related UK-based Stop Funding Hate campaign, this study ex- amines the Sleeping Giants campaign with respect to its continuity with media activism of previous eras, while also seeking to understand its potential as one of the first high-profile activist campaigns to grapple with the impacts of programmatic advertising on the news ecosystem. -
Dead Reckoning Navigating Content Moderation After “Fake News” February 2018
Dead Reckoning Navigating Content Moderation After “Fake News” February 2018 Robyn Caplan, Lauren Hanson, and Joan Donovan CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................... 1 Defining “Fake News” Will Impact All News ............ 14 Introduction: Part 2: This is “Fake News.” ..................................................... 2 Strategies of Intervention ........................................... 16 Dead Reckoning ............................................................ 4 Strategy 1: Trust and Verification ....................... 17 Part 1: Strategy 2: Disrupting Economic Incentives ...... 19 Defining “Fake News” .................................................. 6 Strategy 3: De-prioritizing “Fake News” as Critique Content and Banning Accounts ......................... 21 of “Mainstream Media” ............................................... 7 Strategy 4: Regulatory Approaches ................... 24 “Fake News” as Problematic Content Using News Signifiers ................................................... 9 Conclusion: Moderating “Fake News” Will Impact More Than Just News ............................. 27 a) Identifying “Fake News” by Intent................... 9 Acknowledgments ...................................................... 29 b) Classifying “Fake News” by Type .................. 10 Endnotes ...................................................................... 29 c) Identifying Features of “Fake News” ............. 11 Data & Society Research Institute datasociety.net EXECUTIVE SUMMARY “Fake -
Omnicom Group Inc.; Rule 14A-8 No-Action Letter
February 8, 2020 Via e-mail at [email protected] Securities and Exchange Commission Office of the Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance 100 F Street, NE Washington, DC 20549 Re: Request by Omnicom Group Inc. to omit proposal submitted by the Nathan Cummings Foundation Ladies and Gentlemen, Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Nathan Cummings Foundation (the “Proponent”) submitted a shareholder proposal (the “Proposal”) to Omnicom Group Inc. (“Omnicom” or the “Company”). The Proposal asks Omnicom to report to shareholders on how and whether Omnicom ensures its advertising policies are not contributing to violations of civil or human rights, including certain specific items. In a letter to the Division dated January 25, 2021 (the “No-Action Request”), Omnicom stated that it intends to omit the Proposal from its proxy materials to be distributed to shareholders in connection with the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of shareholders. Omnicom argues that it is entitled to exclude the Proposal in reliance on Rule 14a-8(i)(7), on the ground that the Proposal relates to the Company’s ordinary business operations. As discussed more fully below, Omnicom has not met its burden of proving its entitlement to exclude the Proposal on that basis, and we respectfully request that the Company’s request for relief be denied. The Proposal The Proposal states: Resolved, shareholders request the Board commission an independent third- party report, at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary information, assessing how and whether Omnicom ensures its advertising policies are not contributing to violations of civil or human rights. -
Report from the Alan Turing Institute
Understanding online hate VSP Regulation and the broader context Bertie Vidgen Emily Burden Helen Margetts Understanding Online Hate VSP regulation and the broader context Bertie Vidgen Emily Burden Helen Margetts February 2021 CONTENT WARNING: This report contains examples of online hate and, as a result, contains a range of language which may cause offence. Introduction This report aims to contribute to our understanding of online hate in the context of the requirements of the revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) 1 for Video Sharing Platforms (VSPs)2 to protect the general public from incitement to hatred or violence. However, online hate is complex and it can only be fully understood by considering issues beyond the very specific focus of these regulations. Hence, we draw on recent social and computational research to consider a range of points outside VSP regulations, such as the impact, nature and dynamics of online hate. For similar reasons, we have considered expressions of hate across a range of online spaces, including VSPs as well as other online platforms. In particular, we have closely examined how online hate is currently addressed by industry, identifying key and emerging issues in content moderation practices.3 Our analyses will be relevant to a range of experts and stakeholders working to address online hate, including researchers, platforms, regulators and civil society organisations. To guide this report, we have used a definition of online hate from forthcoming work by The Alan Turing Institute. Our findings and recommendations are based on this 1 UK Legislation, The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2020 (London: UK, 2020).