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Fay-Cooper Cole, 1881-1961 Author(s): Reviewed work(s): Source: American , New Series, Vol. 65, No. 3, Part 1 (Jun., 1963), pp. 641-648 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/667373 . Accessed: 08/12/2011 13:11

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http://www.jstor.org FAY-COOPER COLE 1881-1961

W ITH THE DEATH of Fay-Cooper Cole in Santa Barbara September 3, 1961, the anthropological profession has lost another one of its major figures. He was not only a world authority on the peoples and cultures of Malaysia, and one of the founders of modern archeology, but also a great administrator and developer of men and institutions and a warm and friendly human being. During his long career, which spanned more than half a century, he was in addition one of our foremost interpreters of to the general public, an activity which he continued after his retirement from the chairmanship of the Department of Anthropology at the University of in 1947. Cole was born in Plainwell, Michigan, on August 8, 1881, but grew up in California where he attended the University of Southern California before entering Northwestern University, from which he graduated in 1903. His entry into anthropology was somewhat accidental though his father had instilled an interest in natural history and archeology. He once said that he had planned to sell bonds after graduation, but 1903 was a year of depression, and after some post-graduate work at the , he joined the Field Colum- bian Museum as an ethnologist under the direction of George A. Dorsey. The Field Museum, which had been founded at the time of the 1893 World's Fair, was in a period of rapid expansion, and Cole had his choice of 641 642 American Anthropologist [65, 1963] severalexpeditions. Hechose to go to the northern Philippines, and Dorsey senthim first to Columbia for a semester under and then to Berlin forfurther training under Felix von Luschan.In the meantime he had married MabelCook and together they set off for an extended study of the Tinguian andneighboring tribes in northwest Luzon. Theinterior of the northern Philippines was little known in 1907-8and the Colessettled down in the village of Patok, and later Manabo, to learn about Tinguianlife at first hand. With Mrs. Cole's assistance, he measured a sample ofTinguian men and women, recorded the language, collected myths and folk- tales,and studied allaspects of their culture, in addition to making an exten- sivecollection for-the museum and visiting neighboring groups in the interior. Hisfirst important monograph, A Study of Tinguian Folklore, served as his doctoraldissertation at Columbia University in 1914,and was published in the In it he com- Museumseries in fuller form as Traditions of the Tinguian (1915). paredthe life and culture he found reflected in the myths with that of the pres- entday as a means of gaining insight into their mental life and values, as well as indicating something of their earlier culture and the changes which had was takenplace. Publication ofhis major monograph on the Tinguian delayed until 1922,but it was an important contribution, both in its theoretical scope andin its coverage of Tinguian life. The present writer, who studied the Tin- his guiana generation later, can testify to the accuracy and completeness of study, as well as to the affection with which he and Mrs. Cole were remem- bered. In the meantime an expedition to Mindanao in 1910-12 was cut short by malignantmalaria which almost cost the Coles their lives. On their return Cole waspromoted to assistant curator of Malayan and physical anthro- pology, and prepared a monograph on The Wild Tribes of the Davao District, Mindanao (1913), while processing and installing his collections. During this periodhe was beginning to take an active role in public affairs and professional activities. He had also decided that he would like to teach and began to prepare himselffor that eventuality. he received While on his last major expedition to Indonesia in 1922-23, offers from both Northwestern University and the University of Chicago to develop a program in anthropology. He had been appointed a lecturer in an- thropology at Northwestern, but on his return he taught at both institutions after a career before deciding on Chicago. Frederick Starr had just retired long as an outstanding undergraduate lecturer, and Cole was appointed in 1924 as assistant professor in the department of sociology and anthropology. But he was primarily interested in developing a research-oriented department devoted to graduate training. With , and later, , he estab- lished a broad program of training in all fields of anthropology which soon attracted a large group of graduate students. In those early days Cole taught courses in every field except with an enthusiasm and range of per- sonal experience which made anthropology an exciting subject. And he en- couraged graduate students to expand their horizons. Of the early group, Red- Obituary 643 fieldstudied Tepoztlan, a Mexican village, Charlotte Gower the Sicilians in Chicagobefore going postdoctorally to study a community in Sicily, W. M. Krogmanstudied the growth of the face in man and the primates, and Leslie A. Whiteinvestigated the medicine societies of the Keresan pueblos. A separate department of anthropology was established in 1929,with the promiseof a museum building and financial support. The building was lost in the stock market crash, but a close personal friend, Adolph Lichtstern, pro- vided an endowment for anthropological research and the department found a home in the new Social Science Research Building. When Sapir left for Yale, the Rockefeller Foundation provided funds to bring A. R. Radcliffe-Brown to theuniversity and to support a number of field projects. Almost immediately after arriving at Chicago, Cole began an archeological survey of , and during the 1930's his own research interests became closely identified with the development of Midwestern archeology. He put aboriginal Illinois on the map, and strongly influenced archeological method, introducing dendrochronology and other techniques into the Mississippi Val- ley, and pioneering in ethno-history. But more important, he trained a large groupof students who occupy important positions throughout the country and who are continuing to expand our knowledge of New World prehistory. With Carl Guthe and W. C. McKern, Cole is one of the architects of modern arche- ology in the eastern . His major publications during this period, Rediscovering Illinois (with Thorne Deuel) and Kincaid: A Prehistoric Illinois Metropolis, are well known and represent an important achievement in the interpretation of prehistoric life in the Midwest. But they also reflect Cole's treatment of graduate students as junior colleagues. He gave them responsibility for their own projects and full credit for their contributions. He also maintained a personal interest in their welfare, and in their continued careers. This interest was reciprocated and on his retirement a group of former students organized and prepared a volume on the Archeologyof the Eastern United States (edited by James B. Giffin) which was presented to him in 1952, and which illustrates the expansion of scientific knowledge which he had stimulated. During World War II Cole was engaged in the training of Army and Navy officers in the Civil Affairs Training School for the Far East, where his long experience in Southeast Asia and the Philippines was put to practical use. He utilized this period to write The Peoples of Malaysia (1945), an important synthesis and interpretation of the culture and development of this then little known region. After retirement the Coles moved to Santa Barbara, but he continued teaching and research as vigorously as ever. He taught at the Universities of Southern California, Northwestern, Indiana, Syracuse, Washington, Cornell, and Harvard, and completed a monograph on the Bukidnon of Mindanao. Characteristically he left the department which he had founded to its own devices, though he maintained a lively interest in its continued activities. During his long career Cole served anthropology in other ways than in 644 A merican Anthropologist [65, 1963] building a distinguished department. He was active in the Social Science Research Council in its early development (1925-30); a member of the Na- tional Research Council, 1927-31, and chairman of the Division of Anthro- pology and Psychology in 1929-30; a former chairman of section H and a mem- ber of the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci- ence; president of the American Anthropological Association for two terms (1933-35); and president of the Society of American Naturalists, 1945. He was also one of the founders of the Society for American Archeology. But beyond these responsibilities he felt a commitment to public education. During the Scopes' trial in Tennessee he helped organize and present the case for evolution, and on his return the president of the University of Chicago called him in and told him that he had received numerous requests that Cole be fired. Instead he was promoted and Introductory Anthropology became a highly popular course. During the 1930's problems of race became of vital interest and Cole wrote and spoke widely on this important subject. He wrote a number of popular accounts on the evolution of man and the growth of his culture, including The Long Road from Savageryto Civilization (1933) and The Story of Man (with Mabel Cook Cole, 1937), as well as numerous encyclopedia articles and other papers. He also participated in public affairs. He served for many years as a mem- ber of the Illinois State Board for Museums and was chief of the social science division of the "Century of Progress" with responsibility for planning and installing the social science exhibits at the Chicago World's Fair. After retire- ment he became a trustee of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, and also served a term on the Board of the American Anthropological Associa- tion. Cole received a number of important honors. He particularly valued his membership in the American Philosophical Society. The Chicago Geographical Society, of which he was president in 1931-32, awarded him its Gold Medal for Malayan research. He was awarded an honorary Sc.D. from Northwestern University and an LL.D. from Beloit College, as well as an LL.D. from the University of Chicago on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the dedica- tion of the Social Science Research Building, which he had helped to plan. He was the official delegate of the American Anthropological Association at the Ninth Pacific Science Congress at Bangkok. Cole's long career saw anthropology grow from a science of marginal signifi- cance to its present role in university and national life. In a period when rival- ries and controversies were rampant he worked unceasingly to advance anthro- pology. During his long period as chairman at Chicago he not only encouraged such new developments as Redfield's studies of folk culture and Radcliffe- Brown's introduction of social anthropology, but he maintained a harmony in personal relationships which has become a departmental tradition. He did not consider himself a great scholar but he was a warm human being who brought out the best in everybody and who will be remembered with affection by all who knew him. Besides his widow, who shared fully in all his activities, he leaves a son, Obituary 645 LaMont Cole, who is professor of Zoology at Cornell University, and two grandchildren of whom he wasexceedingly fond. FREDEGGAN University of Chicago

BIBLIOGRAPHYOF FAY-COOPERCOLE Compiledwith the assistanceof E.Arsenio Manuel 1908 The Tinguian.Philippine Journal of Science, vol.3, sect. A, no. 4:197-213. 1909 Distributionof the non-Christiantribes of northwestern Luzon.American Anthropologist, n.s., 11:329-47. 1911 The Bagobosof Davao Gulf.Philippine Journal of Science,vol. 6, sect. D, no.3:127-137. 1912 Chinesepottery in the Philippines,with a postscriptby BertholdLaufer. Field Museumof NaturalHistory Publication 162,Anthropological Series, vol. XII, no. 1:3-47. Chicago. 1913 The wild tribesof Davao district,Mindanao. Field Museum of NaturalHistory Pub]ication 170,Anthropological Series, vol.XII, no. 2:49-203, i-vii.Chicago. 1915 A study of Tinguianfolk-lore. Submitted in partialfulfillment of the requirementsfor the Degreeof Doctor of Philosophy,in the Faculty of Philosophy, ColumbiaUniversity, Chicago. Review:The pagantribes of Borneo.2 vols. CharlesHose and WilliamMcDougall. London, Macmillan,1912. American Anthropologist, n.s., 17:742-46. Traditionsof the Tinguian;a study in Philippinefolk-lore. Field Museumof NaturalHis- toryPublication 180,Anthropological Series, vol. XIV, no 1:3-226.Chicago. 1916 Relationsbetween the livingand the dead.American Journal of Sociology21 (5):611-22. 1917 Review:Socio-Anthropometry,B. L. Stevenson.American Anthropologist, n.s.: 19:426-29. 1918 Review:A study of Bagoboceremonial, magic and myth, LauraWatson Benedict. American Anthropologist,n.s., 20:217-20. Review:Population of the PhilippineIslands in 1916,H. Otley Beyer. AmericanAnthro- pologist,n.s., 20:220-21. 1919 Review:The history of Philippinecivilization as reflectedin religiousnomenclature, A. L. Kroeber.American Anthropologist, n.s., 21:203-8. Review:Racial types in the PhilippineIslands, L. R. Sullivan.American Anthropologist, n.s., 21:450-51. 1922 [Letterrelating to] Malay Peninsulain 1922.Adventurers Club Bulletin,December 1922, pp. 6-7. Chicago. The Philippineforge group.Field Museumof Natural History, AnthropologicalSeries 2, pp. 1-3. Chicago. The Tinguian:social, religiousand economiclife of a Philippinetribe, with a chapteron musicby AlbertGale. Field Museumof NaturalHistory Publication 209, Anthropological Series,vol. XIV, no. 2:231-493. Chicago. 1923 The FieldMuseum of NaturalHistory andThe NetherlandIndies. Inter-Ocean, vol. 4, no. 5:283-85. 1924 [Contributionsin] The New InternationalEncyclopaedia. 2nd ed. New York,Dodd, Mead &Co. PhilippineIslands (jointauthor with D. C. Worcester,C. C. Adams,J. W. Gamer,O. T. Mason,E. G. Bourneand others),vol. 18:487-501. Philippinelanguages (joint authorwith F. R. Blake), vol. 18:501-503. 1925 The evolutionof man. ScientificMonthly 21, no. 3:317-21. Review:The social and political systems of central Polynesia, R. W. Williamson.The AmericanJournal of Sociology,vol. 31, no. 1: pp. 90-94. The trendof anthropology.Journal of AppliedSociology, vol. 9, no. 2:351-44. 1926 The comingof man. The natureof the worldand of man. By W. C. Allee, . . . Fay-Cooper Cole [and others],pp. 349-380. Universityof ChicagoPress, Chicago,edited by H. H. Newman. 646 American Anthropologist [65, 1963] Peoplesof Malaysia.Natural History, vol. XXVI, no. 1:14-25. 1927 Darrowand science.The TruthSeeker, August 27, 1927,pp. 549-50. 1928 Review:Abyssinian man. J. E. Baum.The ChicagoNews, Jan. 8, 1928. Skeletalmaterial from Mechta-el-Arbi.Appendix to: A contributionto the study of pre- historicman in Algeria,North Africa,by AlonzoWilliam Pond, pp. 165-89.Beloit, Wiscon- sin, The LoganMuseum, Beloit College. 1929 Charactereducation among primitivepeoples. ReligiousEducation, vol. 24, no. [2], pp. 147-149. Chicago. Primitive societies. Making mankind,by ,Fay-Cooper Cole, WilliamM. McGovern[and others] New York,D. Van NostrandCo., Inc. 1930 No such thing as Nordicracial superiority. China Weekly Review 52, March8, 1930,p. 78. Recenttrends in anthropology.Proceedings of the AmericanPhilosophical Society, vol. 69, no. 6:385-90. Philadelphia. 1931 Race problemsas seen by the anthropologist.The ScientificMonthly 32:80-82. RediscoveringIllinois. ArthurR. Kelly and Fay-CooperCole. Blue book of the State of Illinois 1931-32, edited by WilliamJ. Stratton,pp. 318-20. Printed by authorityof the State of Illinois, Springfield. GeorgeA. Dorsey[obituary]. American Anthropologist 33:413-14. 1932 The departmentof anthropology[University of Chicago].The UniversityRecord, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 207-210. Chicago. Review:[a] The Kletzienand Nitschkemound groups. W. C. McKern.[b] A Wisconsinvari- ant of the Hopewellculture. W. C. McKern.American Anthropologist 34:148-150. Review:Man's own show: civilization. George A. Dorsey. New York: Harper Bros., AmericanAnthropologist 34:520-21. 1933 Preface. Hollow Folk [by Mandel Shermanand Thomas R. Henry], p.v. Thomas Y. CrowellCo., New York. The long roadfrom savagery to civilization.Baltimore, The Williams& WilliamsCo., in co- operationwith the Centuryof ProgressExposition. xi, 100pp. The pre-historyof Illinois.Journal of the IllinoisState HistoricalSociety 25:251-60. Review:The Tanala, a hill tribe of Madagascar.. AmericanAnthropologist 35: 767-68. 1934 Review:Life or death in Luzon. SamuelE. Kane (Indianapolis:Bobbs MerrillCo., 1933). AmericanAnthropologist 36:130-31. Peoplesof the Philippines.Natural History 34:507-22. FrederickStarr [obituary]. American Anthropologist 36:271. 1935 [Articlesin] Compton'sPictured Encyclopedia. F. E. Compton& Company,Chicago. AmericanArchaeology 1:147-49. Familyand triballife 5: 8-12. Review:The Manobosof Mindanao.John R. Garvan.American Anthropologist 37:143. 1936 Family, clan, and phratryin CentralSumatra. Essays in anthropologypresented to A. L. Kroeberin celebrationof his sixtieth birthday,June 11, 1936. (Berkeley,University of CaliforniaPress, 1936), pp. 19-27. 1937 Man. The worldand manas sciencesees them, editedby ForestRay Moulton,pp. 486-517, Chicago,The universityof ChicagoPress. RediscoveringIllinois; archaeologicalexplorations in and around Fulton County. Fay- CooperCole and ThorneDeuel. Chicago,The Universityof ChicagoPress. 1938 The story of man,his earliestappearance and developmentto the portalsof history.Mabel CookCole and Fay-CooperCole. Chicago,University of Knowledge,Inc., 1938. 1939 Review:The Mayawyawritual, FrancisLambrecht. American Anthropologist 41:152-53. 1940 An anthropologist'sview of race. The AmericanTeacher 24:8-11. Review:Race, languageand culture,Franz Boas. AmericanAnthropologist 42:689-90. 1942 Review:Contributions to the archaeologyof the Illinois River Valley, Frank C. Baker, JamesB. Griffin,Richard G. Morgan,Georg K. Neumannand Jay L. B. Taylor.American Journalof Archaeology46:466. Obituary 647 1943 Chronologyin the Middle West. Proceedingsof the AmericanPhilosophical Society, vol. 86,no. 2, pp. 299-303.Philadelphia. 1945 Preface. Archaeologicalexplorations in Jo DaviessCounty, Illinois, by John William Bennett.Chicago, University of ChicagoPress. pp. iii-v. CentralMindanao-the countryand its people.Far EasternQuarterly 4:109-118. Thepeoples of Malaysia. New York,D. Van NostrandCo., Inc., Someproblems of humanracial development and migration.[Address of the retiringpresi- dent,American Society of Naturalists,Cleveland, Ohio, September 14, 1944.]The American Naturalist,vol. 79, no. 780, pp. 5-13. 1946 Review:The lost Americans,Frank C. Hibben.The ChicagoSun BookWeek, vol. 4, no. 33, June9, 1946,5th sect., p. 3. Neolithicevidences of old and new worldconnections. Journal of the IllinoisState Archae- ologicalSociety 4: 2, 4-7, 30. Springfield. Review:The scienceof manin the worldcrisis, Ralph Linton(ed.) American Anthropologist 48:114-15. 1947 Concerningthe Punanof Borneo.American Anthropologist 49:340. [Discussion]The ColonialWar in Java. A radio discussionby Fay-CooperCole, Harold Isaacsand AmryVandenbosch. The Universityof ChicagoRound Table, 699th broadcast incooperation with the National BroadcastingCompany, Number 488 (July27, 1947). Universityof Chicago,Chicago 37, 1947;pp. 1-13. [Discussion]No Peacefor Asia.A radiodiscussion by Fay-CooperCole, Robert Kerner and GeorgeTaylor. The Universityof ChicagoRound Table, 705th broadcastin cooperation withthe NationalBroadcasting Company, Number 494 (September7, 1947).University of Chicago,Chicago 37, 1947;pp. 1-13. 1948 Malaysia,crossroads of the Orient.Condon lectures [1946]. Eugene, Oregon: State System ofHigher Education, v. 1950 Review:Bali: Rangda andBarong, Jane Belo. Journalof the AmericanOriental Society 70:329. Review:Majuro, a village in the MarshallIslands, AlexanderSpoehr. The United States QuarterlyBook Review 6:177. 1951 Kincaid,a prehistoricIllinois metropolis(with Robert Bell, John Bennett, Joseph Cald- well,Norman Emerson, Richard MacNeish, Kenneth Orr, Roger Willis). Chicago, Univer- sity of ChicagoPress. Review:The Kumalipo,a Hawaiiancreation chant, translated and editedwith commentary byMartha Warren Beckwith. The United States QuarterlyBook Review 7:253. Review:The Malays: a cultural history, Richard Windstedt.American Anthropologist 53:388-89. 1952 Review:Chamorros and Caroliniansof Saipan; personalitystudies. Alice Joseph and VeronicaFrazier Murray. The UnitedStates QuarterlyBook Review 8:46-47. Eminentpersonalities of the half century.American Anthropologist 54:157-167. Review:Growth and culture;a photographicstudy of Balinesechildhood, andFrances (Cooke) MacGregor. The UnitedStates QuarterlyBook Review8:145. 1953 [Contributionsin] The AmericanPeoples Encyclopedia. Chicago: The SpencerPress, Inc. Anthropology,the scienceof man, vol. 2, pp. 53-68. Bagobo,vol. 2, p. 830. Culture,vol. 6, pp. 606-7. Race, divisionof mankind,vol. 16, pp. 418-27. Review:The Indiansof SouthernCalifornia in 1852.Benjamin Davis Wilson.The United States QuarterlyBook Review 9:27-28. 1954 Review:Field notes on Indonesia:South Celebes,1949-50. Raymond Kennedy. American Anthropologist56:1124-26. Review:The religionof the TempasukDusuns of North Borneo,I. H. N. Evans. American Anthropologist56:1123-24. Review:Saipan; the ethnologyof a war-devastatedisland, AlexanderSpoehr. The United States QuarterlyBook Review 10:361-62. 648 American Anthropologist [65, 1963]

Review: Truk; man in paradise. Thomas Gladwin and Bernard Sarason, The United States Quarterly Book Review 10:360-61. Review: The world's rim: great mysteries of the North American Indians. Hartley Burr Alexander. The United States Quarterly Book Review 10: 70-71. 1955 Review: Nine doctors and god, Francis John Halford. The United States Quarterly Book Review 11:171-2. Review: Tobati, Paraguayan town. Elman Rogers Service and Helen Service. The United States Quarterly Book Review 11:229-30. 1956 The Bukidnon of Mindanao. Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 46. Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago. Review: Hawaii's people. Andrew William Lind. The United States Quarterly Book Review. 12:84-85. A message to the Prehistory Congress. Proceedings of the Fourth Far-Eastern prehistory and the anthropology division of the Eighth Pacific Science Congress combined, Part I, First Fascicle, 1956, pp. 79-80. Review: A Solomon Island Society, Douglas Llewellyn Oliver. The United States Quarterly Book Review 12; 187-88. Review: The tree of culture. Ralph Linton. American Anthropologist 58: 84-85. 1957 Review: Bibliography of Indonesian peoples and cultures. Vols. I & II. Raymond Kennedy. Rev. ed. by Thomas W. Maretzki and H. Th. Fischer. American Anthropologist 59:181. Review: Excavations at Kolomoki, Wm. H. Sears. Explorers Journal 35:45. , 1864-1956 [obituary]. American Anthropologist 59:517-520. 1958 I. H. N. Evans [obituary]. Sarawak Museum Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. xviii-xix. Review: Malaya, Norton Ginsberg and Chester Roberts, Jr. American Anthropologist, 60:1227-28. [Museum talk]. Memorial to Arthur Sperry Coggeshall. Santa Barbara Museum of Na- tural History, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 26-30. Review: Ruler and realm in early Java, B. Schrieke. American Anthropologist, 60:1228-29. 1959 Review: Aspects of Islam in post-colonial Indonesia: five essays, C. A. O. van Nieuwen- huijze. American Anthropologist 61:323. Review: The postwar migration of the Toba-Bataks to East Sumatra, Clark E. Cunning- ham. American Anthropologist 61:1135-36. Robert Redfield, 1897-1958 [obituary] (with Fred Eggan). American Anthropologist 61: 652-62. Trend toward military dictatorship in Southeast Asia. Delphian Quarterly 42:21-23, 35. A witness at the Scopes trial. Scientific American 200:121-28, 130. 1961 Review: Selected papers from the American Anthropologist 1888-1920. Frederica de La- guna (ed.). American Anthropologist 63:402. Review: Taboo: a study of Malagasy customs and beliefs, Jjrgen Ruud. American Anthro- pologist 63:1127. 1962 Biographical Memoir. Alfred Louis Kroeber (1876-1960). The American Philosophical Society. Year Book 1961. Philadelphia. Pp. 137-38. [Contributions in] The Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1962 Edition, The Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., Chicago, 24 vols. Batak Borneo (in part) Bugis Kubu Malay Archipelago (in part) Menangkabau Senoi Sundanese Tenggerese Toala Toradja