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Fay-Cooper Cole, 1881-1961 Author(S): Fred Eggan Reviewed Work(S): Source: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol

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Fay-Cooper Cole, 1881-1961 Author(S): Fred Eggan Reviewed Work(S): Source: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol Fay-Cooper Cole, 1881-1961 Author(s): Fred Eggan Reviewed work(s): Source: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 65, No. 3, Part 1 (Jun., 1963), pp. 641-648 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/667373 . Accessed: 08/12/2011 13:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Blackwell Publishing and American Anthropological Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Anthropologist. http://www.jstor.org FAY-COOPER COLE 1881-1961 W ITH THE DEATH of Fay-Cooper Cole in Santa Barbara September 3, 1961, the anthropological profession has lost another one of its major figures. He was not only a world authority on the peoples and cultures of Malaysia, and one of the founders of modern archeology, but also a great administrator and developer of men and institutions and a warm and friendly human being. During his long career, which spanned more than half a century, he was in addition one of our foremost interpreters of anthropology to the general public, an activity which he continued after his retirement from the chairmanship of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Chicago in 1947. Cole was born in Plainwell, Michigan, on August 8, 1881, but grew up in California where he attended the University of Southern California before entering Northwestern University, from which he graduated in 1903. His entry into anthropology was somewhat accidental though his father had instilled an interest in natural history and archeology. He once said that he had planned to sell bonds after graduation, but 1903 was a year of depression, and after some post-graduate work at the University of Chicago, he joined the Field Colum- bian Museum as an ethnologist under the direction of George A. Dorsey. The Field Museum, which had been founded at the time of the 1893 World's Fair, was in a period of rapid expansion, and Cole had his choice of 641 642 American Anthropologist [65, 1963] severalexpeditions. Hechose to go to the northern Philippines, and Dorsey senthim first to Columbia for a semester under Franz Boas and then to Berlin forfurther training under Felix von Luschan.In the meantime he had married MabelCook and together they set off for an extended study of the Tinguian andneighboring tribes in northwest Luzon. Theinterior of the northern Philippines was little known in 1907-8and the Colessettled down in the village of Patok, and later Manabo, to learn about Tinguianlife at first hand. With Mrs. Cole's assistance, he measured a sample ofTinguian men and women, recorded the language, collected myths and folk- tales,and studied allaspects of their culture, in addition to making an exten- sivecollection for-the museum and visiting neighboring groups in the interior. Hisfirst important monograph, A Study of Tinguian Folklore, served as his doctoraldissertation at Columbia University in 1914,and was published in the In it he com- Museumseries in fuller form as Traditions of the Tinguian (1915). paredthe life and culture he found reflected in the myths with that of the pres- entday as a means of gaining insight into their mental life and values, as well as indicating something of their earlier culture and the changes which had was takenplace. Publication ofhis major monograph on the Tinguian delayed until 1922,but it was an important contribution, both in its theoretical scope andin its coverage of Tinguian life. The present writer, who studied the Tin- his guiana generation later, can testify to the accuracy and completeness of study, as well as to the affection with which he and Mrs. Cole were remem- bered. In the meantime an expedition to Mindanao in 1910-12 was cut short by malignantmalaria which almost cost the Coles their lives. On their return Cole waspromoted to assistant curator of Malayan ethnology and physical anthro- pology, and prepared a monograph on The Wild Tribes of the Davao District, Mindanao (1913), while processing and installing his collections. During this periodhe was beginning to take an active role in public affairs and professional activities. He had also decided that he would like to teach and began to prepare himselffor that eventuality. he received While on his last major expedition to Indonesia in 1922-23, offers from both Northwestern University and the University of Chicago to develop a program in anthropology. He had been appointed a lecturer in an- thropology at Northwestern, but on his return he taught at both institutions after a career before deciding on Chicago. Frederick Starr had just retired long as an outstanding undergraduate lecturer, and Cole was appointed in 1924 as assistant professor in the department of sociology and anthropology. But he was primarily interested in developing a research-oriented department devoted to graduate training. With Edward Sapir, and later, Robert Redfield, he estab- lished a broad program of training in all fields of anthropology which soon attracted a large group of graduate students. In those early days Cole taught courses in every field except linguistics with an enthusiasm and range of per- sonal experience which made anthropology an exciting subject. And he en- couraged graduate students to expand their horizons. Of the early group, Red- Obituary 643 fieldstudied Tepoztlan, a Mexican village, Charlotte Gower the Sicilians in Chicagobefore going postdoctorally to study a community in Sicily, W. M. Krogmanstudied the growth of the face in man and the primates, and Leslie A. Whiteinvestigated the medicine societies of the Keresan pueblos. A separate department of anthropology was established in 1929,with the promiseof a museum building and financial support. The building was lost in the stock market crash, but a close personal friend, Adolph Lichtstern, pro- vided an endowment for anthropological research and the department found a home in the new Social Science Research Building. When Sapir left for Yale, the Rockefeller Foundation provided funds to bring A. R. Radcliffe-Brown to theuniversity and to support a number of field projects. Almost immediately after arriving at Chicago, Cole began an archeological survey of Illinois, and during the 1930's his own research interests became closely identified with the development of Midwestern archeology. He put aboriginal Illinois on the map, and strongly influenced archeological method, introducing dendrochronology and other techniques into the Mississippi Val- ley, and pioneering in ethno-history. But more important, he trained a large groupof students who occupy important positions throughout the country and who are continuing to expand our knowledge of New World prehistory. With Carl Guthe and W. C. McKern, Cole is one of the architects of modern arche- ology in the eastern United States. His major publications during this period, Rediscovering Illinois (with Thorne Deuel) and Kincaid: A Prehistoric Illinois Metropolis, are well known and represent an important achievement in the interpretation of prehistoric life in the Midwest. But they also reflect Cole's treatment of graduate students as junior colleagues. He gave them responsibility for their own projects and full credit for their contributions. He also maintained a personal interest in their welfare, and in their continued careers. This interest was reciprocated and on his retirement a group of former students organized and prepared a volume on the Archeologyof the Eastern United States (edited by James B. Giffin) which was presented to him in 1952, and which illustrates the expansion of scientific knowledge which he had stimulated. During World War II Cole was engaged in the training of Army and Navy officers in the Civil Affairs Training School for the Far East, where his long experience in Southeast Asia and the Philippines was put to practical use. He utilized this period to write The Peoples of Malaysia (1945), an important synthesis and interpretation of the culture and development of this then little known region. After retirement the Coles moved to Santa Barbara, but he continued teaching and research as vigorously as ever. He taught at the Universities of Southern California, Northwestern, Indiana, Syracuse, Washington, Cornell, and Harvard, and completed a monograph on the Bukidnon of Mindanao. Characteristically he left the department which he had founded to its own devices, though he maintained a lively interest in its continued activities. During his long career Cole served anthropology in other ways than in 644 A merican Anthropologist [65, 1963] building a distinguished department. He was active in the Social Science Research Council in its early development (1925-30); a member of the Na- tional Research Council, 1927-31, and chairman of the Division of Anthro- pology and Psychology in 1929-30; a former chairman of section H and a mem- ber of the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci- ence; president of the American Anthropological Association for two terms (1933-35); and president of the Society of American Naturalists, 1945. He was also one of the founders of the Society for American Archeology. But beyond these responsibilities he felt a commitment to public education. During the Scopes' trial in Tennessee he helped organize and present the case for evolution, and on his return the president of the University of Chicago called him in and told him that he had received numerous requests that Cole be fired. Instead he was promoted and Introductory Anthropology became a highly popular course.
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