Blockchain in the Sharing Economy Will Blockchain Disrupt Today’S Winning Business Models?
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You Get What You Share: Incentives for a Sharing Economy
The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-19) You Get What You Share: Incentives for a Sharing Economy Sreenivas Gollapudi Kostas Kollias Debmalya Panigrahi Google Research Google Research Duke University Abstract their individual resources. The platform allows the agents to In recent years, a range of online applications have facilitated list and search for available resources, which enables them resource sharing among users, resulting in a significant in- to identify partners and form sharing groups. More specif- crease in resource utilization. In all such applications, shar- ically, in workforce and educational applications, there are ing one’s resources or skills with other agents increases so- groups that work to complete a task or a project, while in cial welfare. In general, each agent will look for other agents ride sharing and room sharing applications, the notion of a whose available resources complement hers, thereby form- group appears when agents get together to use a provided ing natural sharing groups. In this paper, we study settings resource, e.g., a ride or a house. where a large population self-organizes into sharing groups. A natural goal is to partition the users into sharing groups In many cases, centralized optimization approaches for creat- ing an optimal partition of the user population are infeasible that maximize the overall utility or social welfare of the because either the central authority does not have the neces- system. One may model this as an optimization problem, sary information to compute an optimal partition, or it does where a centralized authority computes the optimal parti- not have the power to enforce a partition. -
Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from a Field Experiment Benjamin Edelman Michael Luca Dan Svirsky Working Paper 16-069 Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from a Field Experiment Benjamin Edelman Harvard Business School Michael Luca Harvard Business School Dan Svirsky Harvard Business School Working Paper 16-069 Copyright © 2015, 2016 by Benjamin Edelman, Michael Luca, and Dan Svirsky Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: † Evidence from a Field Experiment Benjamin Edelman,* Michael Luca,** and Dan Svirsky*** September 4, 2016 Abstract Online marketplaces increasingly choose to reduce the anonymity of buyers and sellers in order to facilitate trust. We demonstrate that this common market design choice results in an important unintended consequence: racial discrimination. In a field experiment on Airbnb, we find that requests from guests with distinctively African-American names are roughly 16% less likely to be accepted than identical guests with distinctively White names. The difference persists whether the host is African-American or White, male or female. The difference also persists whether the host shares the property with the guest or not, and whether the property is cheap or expensive. We validate our findings through observational data on hosts’ recent experiences with African-American guests, finding host behavior consistent with some, though not all, hosts discriminating. Finally, we find that discrimination is costly for hosts who indulge in it: hosts who reject African- American guests are able to find a replacement guest only 35% of the time. -
Growth of the Sharing Economy 2 | Sharing Or Paring? Growth of the Sharing Economy | 3
www.pwc.com/hu Sharing or paring? Growth of the sharing economy 2 | Sharing or paring? Growth of the sharing economy | 3 Contents Executive summary 5 Main drivers 9 Main features of sharing economy companies 12 Business models 13 A contender for the throne 14 Emergence of the model in certain key sectors 16 I. Mobility industry 16 II. Retail and consumer goods 18 III. Tourism and hotel industry 19 IV. Entertainment, multimedia and telecommunication 20 V. Financial sector 21 VI. Energy sector 22 VII. Human resources sector 23 VIII. Peripheral areas of the sharing economy 24 Like it or lump it 25 What next? 28 About PwC 30 Contact 31 4 | A day in the life of the sharing economy While he does his Yesterday Peter applied for an online Nearby a morning workout, Peter data gathering distance young mother 8:00 listens to his work assignment 12:30 offers her Cardio playlist on Spotify. on TaskRabbit. home cooking So he can via Yummber, 9:15 concentrate better, and Peter jumps he books ofce at the space in the opportunity. Kaptár coworking ofce. On Skillshare, 13:45 16:00 he listens to the Nature Photography On the way home for Beginners course. he stops to pick up the foodstuffs he 15:45 To unwind, he starts ordered last week from watching a lm on Netflix, the shopping community but gets bored of it and reads Szatyorbolt. his book, sourced from A friend shows him Rukkola.hu, instead. a new Hungarian board game under development, on Kickstarter. Next week he’s going on holiday in Italy 18:00 He likes it so much with his girlfriend. -
Perspectives on the Sharing Economy
Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Edited by Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg and Indre Maurer Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Edited by Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg and Indre Maurer This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg, Indre Maurer and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3512-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3512-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg and Indre Maurer 1. Business and Economic History Perspective 1.1 .............................................................................................................. 30 Renaissance of Shared Resource Use? The Historical Honeycomb of the Sharing Economy Philipp C. Mosmann 1.2 .............................................................................................................. 39 Can the Sharing Economy Regulate Itself? A Comparison of How Uber and Machinery Rings Link their Economic and Social -
Conceptualizing the Sharing Economy Through Presenting a Comprehensive Framework
sustainability Article Conceptualizing the Sharing Economy through Presenting a Comprehensive Framework Meisam Ranjbari * ID , Gustavo Morales-Alonso and Ruth Carrasco-Gallego ID Department of Organization Engineering, Business Administration and Statistics, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (G.M.-A.); [email protected] (R.C.-G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 May 2018; Accepted: 2 July 2018; Published: 5 July 2018 Abstract: In recent years, through the advances in technology and highlighting the sustainability concepts in different aspects of human lives, the sharing economy has become an interesting topic for researchers, and also, many businesses claim to be active in this environment. However, a comprehensive definition, which is generally accepted, does not yet exist in the literature. In this paper, through a systematic literature review, analysis, and coding, a comprehensive definition, and also, an inclusive framework is presented for the sharing economy. This can help scientists and businesses to clarify which companies or parts of their activities fall into the SE category, and which do not. Such clarification in a small scale is done for five companies at the end of the paper. Keywords: sharing economy (SE); sustainability; idle capacity; collaborative consumption; under-utilized assets; online platform; access versus ownership 1. Introduction Sharing economy (SE) as a conceptual term has been in the media for a number of years [1,2]. Many factors, such as the growth of internet applications and smartphones, globalization and urbanization, the global economic crisis, shifts in the general attitudes, and higher attention towards sustainability in consumption, have led to the advent of the sharing economy in recent years [3–6]. -
Inuit and Modern Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence Les Inuit Et La Subsistance Des Chasseurs-Cueilleurs À L’Époque Moderne George W
Document generated on 09/30/2021 9:49 a.m. Études/Inuit/Studies Inuit and modern hunter-gatherer subsistence Les Inuit et la subsistance des chasseurs-cueilleurs à l’époque moderne George W. Wenzel Développement industriel et impacts miniers Article abstract Industrial development and mining impacts Some two decades ago, Asen Balikci (1989) and David Riches (1990) questioned Volume 37, Number 2, 2013 whether research on Inuit, despite production of a voluminous literature, had made any contribution to theoretical issues in anthropology. On their heels, URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1025716ar Burch (1994) asked very much the same about Hunter-Gatherer Studies. The DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1025716ar thesis of the present paper is that research on Inuit economy has, in fact, contributed importantly to a rethinking of the shape and content of subsistence. Once described as encompassing the most basic economic See table of contents activities, it is now understood as a cultural adaptation. This has import because few hunter-gatherer societies can be portrayed as they were at the time of the Man the Hunter symposium (Lee and DeVore 1968). Rather, today, Publisher(s) hunter-gatherers, from the Arctic to Australia, experience near-constant contact with market economies and a reality in which money plays a critical Association Inuksiutiit Katimajiit Inc. part in their livelihoods. It is in this regard that research on Inuit, as noted by Centre interuniversitaire d’études et de recherches autochtones (CIÉRA) Sahlins (1999), has conceptually contributed both to Hunter-Gatherer Studies and to anthropology. ISSN 0701-1008 (print) 1708-5268 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Wenzel, G. -
Formal and Informal Institutions' Changes in the Sharing Economy Development
European Research Studies Journal Volume XXIV, Special Issue 1, 2021 pp. 362-375 Formal and Informal Institutions’ Changes in the Sharing Economy Development Submitted 11/01/21, 1st revision 05/02/21, 2nd revision 28/02/21, accepted 20/03/21 Katarzyna Bentkowska1 Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify changes in formal and informal institutions that influence the sharing economy development. Design/methodology/approach: An approach to the analysis of sharing economy based on institutional economics has been proposed. It considers both formal and informal institutions vital for the sharing economy’s development. However, it focuses on the latter as the nature, role and design of informal institutions remain undiscovered while for sharing economy they seem crucial. Findings: Based on the findings it can be argued that informal institutions are of great importance for the sharing economy development. Despite the often-stressed role of regulations, it becomes clear that in this case, informal institutions may evolve more quickly and fill the gaps left by formal norms. It is of great importance than to support trust growth between the users and strengthen the evolution of property’s perception – from owning to sharing. Practical implications: The results may be useful for the sharing platforms as they stress the importance of their regulations and role in building trust between the users and providers of goods or services. They may contribute to a better design of the platforms and further development. The findings are important also for the users as they need an encouraging environment to operate effectively. Originality/value: The research is original because of the adopted perspective – rarely is the institutional economics base for sharing economy analysis, still, it offers important insights. -
Creative Destruction and the Sharing Economy: Uber As Disruptive
JOBNAME: Schneider PAGE: 1 SESS: 2 OUTPUT: Tue Dec 6 09:02:54 2016 Creative Destruction and the Sharing Economy Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Schneider-Creative_destruction_and_the_sharing_economy / Division: Prelims /Pg. Position: 1 / Date: 19/10 JOBNAME: Schneider PAGE: 2 SESS: 2 OUTPUT: Tue Dec 6 09:02:54 2016 NEW THINKING IN POLITICAL ECONOMY Series Editor: Peter J. Boettke, George Mason University, USA New Thinking in Political Economy aims to encourage scholarship in the intersection of the disciplines of politics, philosophy and economics. It has the ambitious purpose of reinvigorating political economy as a progressive force for understanding social and economic change. The series is an important forum for the publication of new work analysing the social world from a multidisciplinary perspective. With increased specialization (and profes- sionalization) within universities, interdisciplinary work has become increasingly uncommon. Indeed, during the 20th century, the process of disciplinary specialization reduced the intersection between economics, philosophy and politics and impoverished our understanding of society. Modern economics in particular has become increasingly mathematical and largely ignores the role of institutions and the contribution of moral philosophy and politics. New Thinking in Political Economy will stimulate new work that combines technical knowledge provided by the ‘dismal science’ and the wisdom gleaned from the serious study of the ‘worldly philosophy’. The series will reinvigorate our understanding of the social world by encouraging a multidisciplinary approach to the challenges confronting society in the new century. Titles in the series include: Economic Futures of the West Jan Winiecki Entrepreneurial Action, Public Policy, and Economic Outcomes Edited by Robert F. -
What If Cities Could Create a Truly Inclusive Local Sharing Economy?
METROPOLITAN HOUSING AND COMMUNITIES POLICY CENTER What if Cities Could Create a Truly Inclusive Local Sharing Economy? Solomon Greene and John McGinty June 2016 This essay is part of a five-part series that explores how city leaders can promote local economies that are inclusive of all their residents. The framing brief, “Open Cities: From Economic Exclusion to Urban Inclusion,” defines economic exclusion and discusses city- level trends across high-income countries (Greene et al. 2016). The four “What if?” essays suggest bold and innovative solutions, and they are intended to spark debate on how cities might harness new technologies, rising momentum, and new approaches to governance in order to overcome economic exclusion. What’s the Big Idea? The sharing economy works best when it works for everyone. A system built around the sharing of resources, the sharing economy uses online peer-to-peer platforms to connect owners of goods and producers of services with consumers of those goods and services in real-time.1 It can lead to more efficient use of resources, drive down costs of expensive assets, supplement incomes, and enhance social interaction. The sharing of goods and services is not new—informal sharing has long been a feature of urban life, particularly among the poor, immigrants and minority groups. But new technologies have formalized sharing, facilitating its monetization and allowing for strangers to engage in commercial sharing of underused goods and services through new marketplaces. As the sharing economy continues to expand and disrupt traditional business models across a broad range of industries—from transportation to financial services, from housing to home care—its benefits could accrue to the excluded groups that face the most stubborn barriers to participation in local economies. -
The Opportunities and Risks of the Sharing Economy”
“The Opportunities and Risks of the Sharing Economy” Written testimony of Dean Baker Co-Director, Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) For the hearing on "The Disrupter Series: How the Sharing Economy Creates Jobs, Benefits Consumers, and Raises Policy Questions" Before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade Of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce September 29, 2015 I would like to thank Chairman Burgess and Ranking member Schakowsky for inviting me to testify on issues stemming from the growth of the sharing economy. The range of innovations that have collectively come to be known as the sharing economy offer both significant benefits to consumers and the economy more generally. Ideally, the sharing economy allows for idle assets to be more fully utilized. The sharing economy should make it easier for a household to rent out an empty house or room. It should also give people the option to do work in their spare time to earn extra income. In these and other ways the sharing economy can offer substantial benefits. However, the sharing economy also presents substantial risks. The country has built up an extensive regulatory structure over many decades to protect workers, consumers, and property owners. The sharing economy will require the modernization of this regulatory structure. In some cases, regulations have outlived their usefulness and should be eliminated. However, many of these regulations serve important public purposes. If the sharing economy is used as a way to circumvent them, then it will impose substantial costs on society. Testimony of Dean Baker, CEPR September 29, 2015 Page 2 I will use my testimony to outline the sorts of issues that sharing economy firms have raised. -
Trust in the Sharing Economy: a Behavioral Perspective on Peer-To-Peer Markets
Trust in the Sharing Economy: A Behavioral Perspective on Peer-to-Peer Markets Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) von der KIT-Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften des Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION von M.Sc. Florian Hawlitschek Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 08.08.2018 Referent: Prof. Dr. Christof Weinhardt Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Henner Gimpel Karlsruhe, 2018 I II Trust in the Sharing Economy A Behavioral Perspective on Peer-to-Peer Markets 1 2 Abstract The sharing economy has shaped consumer behavior around the globe and disrupted a broad variety of traditional industries. The rapid development of this technology-driven phenomenon has led to a plethora of platforms and business models that are subsumed under the blurry sharing economy umbrella term. From a scientific point of view, pinning down and understanding this broad, complex and constantly evolving socio-technical system is not an easy task. This cumulative dissertation sheds light on consumer motives for and against the participation in the sharing economy. In particular, trust is identified as a key driver of sharing economy adoption. Consequently, a conceptualization and different means of measurement for trust in the sharing economy are introduced. Furthermore, two approaches for building trust through platform design are investigated and discussed. The work is concluded with an outlook on the possible role of blockchain technology for the sharing economy and suggestions for future research. 3 4 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my colleagues and friends at the Institute of Information Systems and Marketing at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for their advice and support. -
Does the Sharing Economy Share Or Concentrate?
February Economic Analysis 2020 FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY QUARTERLY DOES THE SHARING ECONOMY SHARE OR CONCENTRATE? The sharing economy is perhaps the most ubiquitous mani- with services, but not sharing or renting physical assets— festation of the rapid technological change we have been operate in the on-demand economy.2 Customers selling experiencing. Through smartphones and the internet, sharing or giving away their physical assets to peers, as opposed to economy platforms are facilitating the creation of markets and granting temporary access to others, fall into the realm of better use of underutilized assets. The estimate that private second-hand economy.3 vehicles typically go unused for 95 per cent of their lifetime While a decade of rapid expansion of the sharing has come to symbolize the significant underutilized resources economy increasingly enable better utilization of assets, it that are waiting to be shared in society (Knack, 2005). By shows little signs of delivering fair and equitable welfare reducing search and transaction costs, the sharing economy gains for all participants in the sharing economy. Instead unlocks these resources through cheaper and more accessible it has generated unchecked externalities and unintended options for consumers. Amateur and professional cooks can consequences. Externalities to industry incumbents, service now offer sporadic dinner experiences in their own kitchens; providers, consumers and cities have been reflected in head- non-professional drivers can complement their incomes at lines in the