2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Science in Cyberspace
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Freedom on the Net 2016
FREEDOM ON THE NET 2016 China 2015 2016 Population: 1.371 billion Not Not Internet Freedom Status Internet Penetration 2015 (ITU): 50 percent Free Free Social Media/ICT Apps Blocked: Yes Obstacles to Access (0-25) 18 18 Political/Social Content Blocked: Yes Limits on Content (0-35) 30 30 Bloggers/ICT Users Arrested: Yes Violations of User Rights (0-40) 40 40 TOTAL* (0-100) 88 88 Press Freedom 2016 Status: Not Free * 0=most free, 100=least free Key Developments: June 2015 – May 2016 • A draft cybersecurity law could step up requirements for internet companies to store data in China, censor information, and shut down services for security reasons, under the aus- pices of the Cyberspace Administration of China (see Legal Environment). • An antiterrorism law passed in December 2015 requires technology companies to cooperate with authorities to decrypt data, and introduced content restrictions that could suppress legitimate speech (see Content Removal and Surveillance, Privacy, and Anonymity). • A criminal law amendment effective since November 2015 introduced penalties of up to seven years in prison for posting misinformation on social media (see Legal Environment). • Real-name registration requirements were tightened for internet users, with unregistered mobile phone accounts closed in September 2015, and app providers instructed to regis- ter and store user data in 2016 (see Surveillance, Privacy, and Anonymity). • Websites operated by the South China Morning Post, The Economist and Time magazine were among those newly blocked for reporting perceived as critical of President Xi Jin- ping (see Blocking and Filtering). www.freedomonthenet.org FREEDOM CHINA ON THE NET 2016 Introduction China was the world’s worst abuser of internet freedom in the 2016 Freedom on the Net survey for the second consecutive year. -
Artificial Intelligence, China, Russia, and the Global Order Technological, Political, Global, and Creative Perspectives
AIR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS Artificial Intelligence, China, Russia, and the Global Order Technological, Political, Global, and Creative Perspectives Shazeda Ahmed (UC Berkeley), Natasha E. Bajema (NDU), Samuel Bendett (CNA), Benjamin Angel Chang (MIT), Rogier Creemers (Leiden University), Chris C. Demchak (Naval War College), Sarah W. Denton (George Mason University), Jeffrey Ding (Oxford), Samantha Hoffman (MERICS), Regina Joseph (Pytho LLC), Elsa Kania (Harvard), Jaclyn Kerr (LLNL), Lydia Kostopoulos (LKCYBER), James A. Lewis (CSIS), Martin Libicki (USNA), Herbert Lin (Stanford), Kacie Miura (MIT), Roger Morgus (New America), Rachel Esplin Odell (MIT), Eleonore Pauwels (United Nations University), Lora Saalman (EastWest Institute), Jennifer Snow (USSOCOM), Laura Steckman (MITRE), Valentin Weber (Oxford) Air University Press Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Opening remarks provided by: Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data Brig Gen Alexus Grynkewich (JS J39) Names: TBD. and Lawrence Freedman (King’s College, Title: Artificial Intelligence, China, Russia, and the Global Order : Techno- London) logical, Political, Global, and Creative Perspectives / Nicholas D. Wright. Editor: Other titles: TBD Nicholas D. Wright (Intelligent Biology) Description: TBD Identifiers: TBD Integration Editor: Subjects: TBD Mariah C. Yager (JS/J39/SMA/NSI) Classification: TBD LC record available at TBD AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS COLLABORATION TEAM Published by Air University Press in October -
12:00 Room: North Exhibit Hall Room a AHSN01
IEEE GLOBECOM 2012 TECHNICAL PROGRAM Tuesday, 4 December 2012 • 10:00 – 12:00 Room: North Exhibit Hall Room A AHSN01: Ad Hoc Routing Chair: Yifeng Zhou (Communications Research Centre, Canada) Quasi-greedy Geographic Routing in Wireless Networks Jung-Tsung Tsai, Yen-Cheng Li (National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan) A New Routing Scheme Based on Adaptive Selection of Geographic Directions Zimu Yuan, Wei Li (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) Shuhui Yang (Purdue University Calumet, USA) Automatic Routing Using Multiple Prefix Labels Rumi Ghosh, Jj Garcia-Luna-Aceves (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA) Throughput Capacity of the Group-Based Two-Hop Relay Algorithm in MANETs Jiajia Liu (Tohoku University, Japan) Xiaohong Jiang (Future University-Hakodate, Japan) Hiroki Nishiyama, Nei Kato (Tohoku University, Japan) Energy-Efficient Routing through Weighted Load Balancing Donovan Bradley, RN Uma (North Carolina Central University, USA) Ad Hoc Network Metrics: Which is Best? Qian Zhang (Ohio University, USA) David W. Matolak (University of South Carolina, USA) Tuesday, 4 December 2012 • 10:00 – 12:00 Room: North Exhibit Hall Room B AHSN10: VANETs I Chair: Falko Dressler (University of Innsbruck, Austria) HHLS: A Hybrid Routing Technique for VANETs Marwane Ayaida (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne / CReSTIC, France) Mohtadi Barhoumi, Hacene Fouchal (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France) Yacine Ghamri-Doudane (ENSIIE / Université Paris-Est (LIGM Lab), France) Lissan Afilal (CReSTIC, France) An Intersection Collision Avoidance -
How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression GARY KING Harvard University JENNIFER PAN Harvard University MARGARET E
American Political Science Review Page 1 of 18 May 2013 doi:10.1017/S0003055413000014 How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression GARY KING Harvard University JENNIFER PAN Harvard University MARGARET E. ROBERTS Harvard University e offer the first large scale, multiple source analysis of the outcome of what may be the most extensive effort to selectively censor human expression ever implemented. To do this, we have W devised a system to locate, download, and analyze the content of millions of social media posts originating from nearly 1,400 different social media services all over China before the Chinese government is able to find, evaluate, and censor (i.e., remove from the Internet) the subset they deem objectionable. Using modern computer-assisted text analytic methods that we adapt to and validate in the Chinese language, we compare the substantive content of posts censored to those not censored over time in each of 85 topic areas. Contrary to previous understandings, posts with negative, even vitriolic, criticism of the state, its leaders, and its policies are not more likely to be censored. Instead, we show that the censorship program is aimed at curtailing collective action by silencing comments that represent, reinforce, or spur social mobilization, regardless of content. Censorship is oriented toward attempting to forestall collective activities that are occurring now or may occur in the future—and, as such, seem to clearly expose government intent. INTRODUCTION Ang 2011, and our interviews with informants, granted anonymity). China overall is tied with Burma at 187th he size and sophistication of the Chinese gov- of 197 countries on a scale of press freedom (Freedom ernment’s program to selectively censor the House 2012), but the Chinese censorship effort is by Texpressed views of the Chinese people is un- far the largest. -
English-Language Print Collection,6 Is Nationally Renowned for International Law.7 I Visited There December
Teaching Foreign and International Legal Research at Wuhan University (Wuda) Law School* Roy L. Sturgeon** Background Since 2000, the Overseas Young Chinese Forum (OYCF) has awarded fellowships to American scholars, professionals, and doctoral students to teach short courses (3-8 weeks) in various fields, including law, at mainland Chinese universities.1 The award amounts range from $2,000 to $2,250 each and are meant to help pay travel, housing, and food costs. Fourteen awards were announced in mid-September 2008 for the 2008-09 academic year. I was lucky enough to win * © Roy L. Sturgeon, 2011. Earlier versions of this article were published on the Law Librarian Blog (March 8, May 18, and July 8, 2009), http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/law_librarian_blog/ and in 37 INT’L. J. LEGAL INFO. 305 (2009), http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol37/iss3/5/ (last visited May 26, 2011). This version was prepared solely for the 2nd biannual conference of the Chinese and American Forum on Legal Information and Law Libraries (CAFLL) to be held July 22-23, 2011, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. ** Foreign, Comparative, and International Law/Reference Librarian; Tulane University Law School; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. 2008-09 Overseas Young Chinese Forum (OYCF)- Gregory C. and Paula K. Chow Teaching Fellow. I thank my former employer (Touro College Law Center in New York), OYCF, and the Chows for their generous support, without which I would not have been able to teach at Wuda. Also, I thank Wuda Law Dean Xiao Yongpin for inviting me to teach; everyone at Wuda for being gracious hosts; my ex-wife Wang Xiufang for her innumerous and invaluable help before, during, and after my teaching at Wuda; Ms. -
Tesi Ufficiale Di Fiore Giorgia 2017-2018
SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P. S. Mancini, 2 – 00196 - Roma TESI DI DIPLOMA DI MEDIATORE LINGUISTICO (Curriculum Interprete e Traduttore) Equipollente ai Diplomi di Laurea rilasciati dalle Università al termine dei Corsi afferenti alla classe delle LAUREE UNIVERSITARIE IN SCIENZE DELLA MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA La Grande Muraglia digitale RELATORE: CORRELATORI: Prof.ssa Adriana Bisirri Prof.ssa Tamara Centurioni Prof. Alfredo Rocca Prof.ssa Claudia Piemonte CANDIDATA: Di Fiore Giorgia Matricola 2308 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2017/2018 1 2 A chi ha sempre creduto in me. A chi non ci ha creduto. 3 4 INDICE SEZIONE ITALIANA............................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUZIONE ................................................................................................................... 11 DA INTERNET A INTRANET .............................................................................................. 16 La nascita di Internet ............................................................................................................ 16 Internet connette la Cina ....................................................................................................... 19 L’informazione a senso unico ............................................................................................... 21 Il grande dilemma cinese ..................................................................................................... -
Information Controls, Global Media Influence, and Cyber Warfare Strategy
INFORMATION CONTROLS, GLOBAL MEDIA INFLUENCE, AND CYBER WARFARE STRATEGY HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THURSDAY, MAY 4, 2017 Printed for use of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: www.uscc.gov UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION WASHINGTON: 2017 ii U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW, CHAIRMAN HON. DENNIS C. SHEA, VICE CHAIRMAN Commissioners: ROBIN CLEVELAND HON. JONATHAN N. STIVERS HON. BYRON L. DORGAN HON. JAMES TALENT HON. CARTE P. GOODWIN DR. KATHERINE C. TOBIN DR. GLENN HUBBARD MICHAEL R. WESSEL DANIEL M. SLANE DR. LARRY M. WORTZEL MICHAEL R. DANIS, Executive Director The Commission was created on October 30, 2000 by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 § 1238, Public Law No. 106-398, 114 STAT. 1654A-334 (2000) (codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002 (2001), as amended by the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for 2002 § 645 (regarding employment status of staff) & § 648 (regarding changing annual report due date from March to June), Public Law No. 107-67, 115 STAT. 514 (Nov. 12, 2001); as amended by Division P of the “Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003,” Pub L. No. 108-7 (Feb. 20, 2003) (regarding Commission name change, terms of Commissioners, and responsibilities of the Commission); as amended by Public Law No. 109- 108 (H.R. 2862) (Nov. 22, 2005) (regarding responsibilities of Commission and applicability of FACA); as amended by Division J of the “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008,” Public Law Nol. -
Estimating Self-Censorship on Social Media in China: a Survey Experiment Kevin Zhen New York University
Estimating Self-Censorship on Social Media in China: A Survey Experiment Kevin Zhen New York University Zhen, 1 Abstract Existing studies have suggested that the Chinese government does not censor posts on social media that are critical of the government more often than posts that are not critical of the government. However, these studies do not address the problem of self-censorship. This is problematic because the Chinese government may be inducing self-censorship of public criticism of the government. This self-censorship may reduce the frequency of posts critical of the government to levels that are tolerable to the government. Therefore the author conducted a survey experiment to collect data in order to test if Chinese citizens engage in self-censorship. The survey was electronically disseminated to Chinese citizens using NYU Qualtrics and Crowdflower. The survey tests whether Chinese citizens self-censor criticism of the government from their posts on social media sites, relative to their propensity to criticize the government in private. My findings show that some Chinese citizens do appear to engage in self-censorship on social media. However, these findings are limited because of the small number of respondents in the survey experiment. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Anna Harvey for her unwavering support and assistance, both in my thesis and academic life, and my teaching assistant Hannah Simpson, for her guidance and advice. Zhen, 2 Statement of Research Question My project asks whether the censorship policies of the Chinese government affect the social media activities of Chinese citizens. Existing studies have suggested that the Chinese government does not censor posts on social media that are critical of the government more often than posts that are not critical of the government. -
2011 REPORT to CONGRESS of the U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC and SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION
1 2011 REPORT TO CONGRESS of the U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 2011 Printed for the use of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.uscc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5012 Sfmt 6602 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464 dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB G:\GSDD\USCC\USChina.eps U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION Hon. WILLIAM A. REINSCH, Chairman DANIEL M. SLANE, Vice Chairman COMMISSIONERS CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW JEFFREY L. FIEDLER DANIEL A. BLUMENTHAL Hon. PATRICK A. MULLOY PETER T.R. BROOKES Hon. DENNIS C. SHEA ROBIN CLEVELAND MICHAEL R. WESSEL Hon. C. RICHARD D’AMATO LARRY M. WORTZEL MICHAEL R. DANIS, Executive Director KATHLEEN J. MICHELS, Associate Director DANIEL HARTNETT, Sr. Analyst for Military–Security Issues PAUL MAGNUSSON, Sr. Analyst for Economics–Trade Issues The Commission was created on October 30, 2000, by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 § 1238, Pub. L. No. 106–398, 114 STAT. 1654A–334 (2000) (codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002 (2001), as amended by the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for 2002 § 645 (regarding employment status of staff) & § 648 (regarding changing annual report due date from March to June), Pub. -
Energizing Global Communications ENERGIZING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNICAL SYMPOSIA PROGRAM-AT-A-GLANCE Tuesday, December 6 10:00 - 12:00 13:30 - 15:30 16:00 - 18:00 AHSN01 GRB 322 A/B AHSN04 GRB 322 A/B AHSN07 GRB 322 A/B AHSN02 GRB 330 A/B AHSN05 GRB 330 A/B AHSN08 GRB 330 A/B AHSN03 GRB 332 A AHSN06 GRB 332 A AHSN09 GRB 332 A CQRM01 GRB 332 F CQRM03 GRB 332 F CQRM05 GRB 332 F CQRM02 GRB 342 A CQRM04 GRB 342 A CRN03 GRB 332 B CRN01 GRB 332 BCRN02 GRB 332 B CSS03 GRB 332 C CSS01 GRB 332 CCSS02 GRB 332 C CSWS03 GRB 332 D CSWS01 GRB 332 D CSWS02 GRB 332 D CT03 GRB 332 E CT01 GRB 332 E CT02 GRB 332 E NGN03 GRB 342 A NGN01 GRB 342 B NGN02 GRB 342 B ONS01 GRB 342 B SAC 01 GRB 342 C SAC03 GRB 342 C SAC04 GRB 342 C SAC 02 GRB 342 D SAC05 GRB 342 D SAC06 GRB 342 D SPC01 GRB 342 ESPC02 GRB 342 E SPC03 GRB 342 E WC01 GRB 342 F WC05 GRB 342 F WC09 GRB 342 F WC02 GRB 350 D/E/F WC06 GRB 350 D/E/F WC10 GRB 350 D/E/F WC03 GRB 351 A/B WC07 GRB 351 A/B WC11 GRB 351 A/B WC04 GRB 351 D/E WC08 GRB 351 D/E WC12 GRB 351 D/E WN01 GRB 351 C/F WN04 GRB 351 C/F WN07 GRB 351 C/F WN02 GRB 350 B WN05 GRB 350 B WN08 GRB 350 B WN03 GRB 362 A WN06 GRB 362 A WN09 GRB 362 A Wednesday, December 7 8:00 - 10:00 13:30 - 15:30 16:00 - 18:00 AHSN10 GRB 322 A/B AHSN12 GRB 322 A/B AHSN14 GRB 322 A/B AHSN11 GRB 330 A/B AHSN13 GRB 330 A/B AHSN15 GRB 330 A/B CQRM06 GRB 332 F CQRM07 GRB 332 F CQRM08 GRB 332 F CRN04 GRB 332 ACRN06 GRB 332 A CRN08 GRB 332 A CRN05 GRB 332 B CRN07 GRB 332 B CRN09 GRB 332 B CSS04 GRB 332 C CSS05 GRB 332 C CSS06 GRB 332 C CSWS04 GRB 332 D CSWS05 GRB 332 D CSWS06 GRB 332 D CT04 GRB 332 E CT05 GRB 332 E CT06 GRB 332 -
Testimony of Dr. Sophie Richardson, China Director, Human Rights Watch, Before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission
Testimony of Dr. Sophie Richardson, China Director, Human Rights Watch, before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China’s Information Controls, Global Media Influence, and Cyber Warfare Strategy, May 4, 2017 Chairwoman Bartholomew, Commissioner Wortzel, and members of the Commission, I’d like to thank the Commission for its ongoing attention to human rights abuses in China. Human Rights Watch has written extensively about restrictions on freedom of information in China for the past two decades, and we welcome the opportunity to address trends in domestic information control under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s administration. Since President Xi came to power in March 2013, the Chinese government has fully subdued the few outspoken domestic print media organizations, and stymied the flow of politically sensitive materials from Hong Kong into the mainland by crushing the Hong Kong publishing industry. It has deftly reined in access to the internet, jailing bloggers who promote progressive, pro- democracy values, and forcing the rest into self-censorship. It has nurtured a massive domestic social media platform – while blocking all foreign competitors – in which the ability for users to spread information is very limited and surveillance is pervasive. It has increased enforcement of real-name registration that makes online anonymity near impossible. It has also blocked an increasing amount of foreign content, and intensified its clampdown on those who provide or use tools to circumvent the blockage. Nevertheless, numerous Chinese writers and activists have continued to speak out against the increasingly authoritarian government and unwaveringly advocate for freedom and democracy in China. -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2014 ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 9, 2014 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Mar 15 2010 13:21 Oct 08, 2014 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\89906.TXT DEIDRE 2014 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Mar 15 2010 13:21 Oct 08, 2014 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\89906.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2014 ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 9, 2014 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 89–906 PDF WASHINGTON : 2014 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 13:21 Oct 08, 2014 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\89906.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House SHERROD BROWN, Ohio, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, CARL LEVIN, Michigan Cochairman DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California FRANK WOLF, Virginia JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina KAY R. HAGAN, North Carolina ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio MICHAEL M. HONDA, California EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS CHRISTOPHER P.