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Construire-La-Ville.Pdf Collection « Afrique Atlantique » dirigée par Yann ALIX et Benjamin STECK La collection « Afrique Atlantique » a été créée en 2017 pour diffuser les travaux de recherche appliquée d’un collectif pluridisciplinaire majoritairement composé de jeunes universitaires francophones africains. L’avenir du continent repose sur la modernisation de solutions maritimes, portuaires et logistiques qui fécondent les territoires et accompagnent une croissance inclusive. La collection « Afrique Atlantique » héberge des expertises académiques mais aussi des travaux opérationnels issus de l’expérience des praticiens de la logistique maritime et portuaire africaine. L’histoire et la géographie, la sociologie et l’économie, le droit et les sciences de gestion : la complémentarité des analyses publiées permet d’accompagner une diffusion élargie du savoir et des savoir- faire. Universitaires, journalistes, décideurs publics et investisseurs privés constituent le lectorat d’une collection qui met en libre accès gratuit les productions via le site de l’éditeur partenaire EMS. CONSTRUIRE LA VILLE PORTUAIRE DE DEMAIN EN AFRIQUE ATLANTIQUE Dirigé par Mesmin TCHINDJANG, Benjamin STECK et Athanase BOPDA 136 boulevard du Maréchal Leclerc 14000 CAEN © Éditions EMS, 2019 ISBN : 978-2-37687-272-6 (versions numériques) SOMMAIRE Préface ................................................................................................................12 Remerciements ..................................................................................................15 Avant-propos ....................................................................................................16 Introduction générale .......................................................................................22 1. L’Afrique atlantique.....................................................................................23 2. Problématique et objectif général ...............................................................24 3. Les déclinaisons de la thématique fédératrice .............................................25 4. Construire la ville portuaire de demain un défi ...........................................28 PREMIÈRE PARTIE Géostratégie et gouvernance des villes portuaires Introduction à la première partie ....................................................................31 Chapitre 1. Le Reich et le port de Kribi au Cameroun ......................................33 Introduction : retour historique ........................................................................34 1. Prise en main de Kribi par les firmes commerciales allemandes ................35 2. L’importance militaire de Kribi pour le Reich ............................................38 3. La période florissante de Kribi allemande : le cas Hans Rhyner .................42 Conclusion et perspectives : l’avenir de Kribi .................................................46 Chapitre 2. La pénétration européenne sur les côtes kribiennes entre exploration, évangélisation et commercialisation ...................................................................50 Introduction .....................................................................................................52 1. La mission exploratrice des Européens sur les côtes kribiennes .................53 2. La présence missionnaire sur les côtes kribiennes ......................................59 3. Les activités commerciales européennes sur les côtes kribiennes ...............63 6 n CONSTRUIRE LA VILLE PORTUAIRE DE DEMAIN 4. Une présence européenne mitigée et l’ère de la construction de la ville portuaire ......................................................................................................66 Conclusion .......................................................................................................69 Chapitre 3. Les défis d’une gouvernance ville-port optimisée pour une compétitivité améliorée : le cas du Port Autonome de Douala ...........................71 Introduction .....................................................................................................73 1. Méthodologie ...............................................................................................77 2. Résultats : d’une gouvernance conjointe au divorce entre le port et la ville de Douala ...................................................................................................77 3. Résultats : la compétitivité en question du Port autonome de Douala ........80 4. Port et hinterland : une connectivité difficile ..............................................93 5. Une réorganisation nécessaire des infrastructures portuaires dans une projection vers l’intérieur .....................................................................97 Conclusion ......................................................................................................99 Chapitre 4. L’impact des certifications sur le trafic de transit : le cas d’Abidjan ................................................................................................104 Introduction ...................................................................................................105 Méthodologie .................................................................................................106 1. La triple certification du port d’Abidjan, catalyseur de croissance du trafic de transit du port d’Abidjan .....................................................................108 2. L’impact de la certification sur le trafic de transit des marchandises de l’arrière-pays du port d’Abidjan ...............................................................111 3. Les redevances portuaires de sûreté, un frein pour l’attractivité du port d’Abidjan ..................................................................................................112 Discussion et conclusion ...............................................................................114 Chapitre 5. San-Pédro, retour d’expérience sur la construction d’une ville portuaire ............................................................................................................117 Introduction ...................................................................................................119 1. Méthodologie .............................................................................................119 2. L’ « opération San-Pédro » : origine et mise en œuvre ..............................120 3. Bilan de l’« opération San-Pédro » ...........................................................124 4. Les conséquences de l’« opération San-Pédro » pour le développement du Sud-ouest ivoirien ................................................................................135 5. Perspectives de développement de la ville portuaire et de la région du Sud-Ouest .............................................................................................138 6. Discussion : un bilan en demi-teinte .........................................................144 Conclusion .....................................................................................................145 SOMMAIRE n 7 Chapitre 6. Dynamique spatiale de la ville de Kribi : facteurs et conséquences ...................................................................................148 Introduction ...................................................................................................149 1. Cadre d’étude et démarche méthodologique ............................................150 2. Présentation des résultats et analyse .........................................................153 3. Discussion .................................................................................................160 Conclusion ....................................................................................................162 Chapitre 7. Sécurité terrestre et sécurité portuaire en zone d’instabilité : le cas de Kribi (Cameroun) dans le Golfe de Guinée .......................................165 Introduction ...................................................................................................166 1. La ville de Kribi dans le Golfe de Guinée .................................................168 2. Caractérisation de l’insécurité dans les États du Golfe de Guinée ............171 3. Facteurs de l’insécurité terrestre dans le Golfe de Guinée ........................174 4. Impacts potentiels de l’insécurité terrestre sur la sécurité portuaire et maritime ....................................................................................................178 5. Le complexe industrialo-portuaire de Kribi et le défi de sécurisation et de sûreté ....................................................................................................180 Conclusion .....................................................................................................184 Chapitre 8. Le système d’identification automatique (AIS) au service de la circulation maritime ......................................................................................188 Introduction ...................................................................................................189 1. Définition du système d’identification automatique (AIS) .......................190 2. Apports de l’AIS et utilisation des données ..............................................192 3. AIS et recherche scientifique .....................................................................195 4. Etude de cas sur l’Afrique de l’Ouest ........................................................201
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