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Luíza Uehara De Araújo.Pdf Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Ciências Sociais Luíza Uehara de Araújo um anarquismo menor: práticas libertárias no Japão Imperial Doutorado em Ciências Sociais São Paulo Abril de 2019 Luíza Uehara de Araújo um anarquismo menor: práticas libertárias no Japão Imperial Doutorado em Ciências Sociais Tese apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências Sociais (Ciência Política) sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Edson Passetti. Abril de 2019 Banca Examinadora ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Brasil (CAPES)- Código de Financiamento 001. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Brasil (CAPES)- Finance Code 001. agradecimentos ao edson passetti, coração desperto e existência intensa. pelas inquietações anarquistas no agora. por me acompanhar nas intempéries e nas transformações desse percurso. pela orientação libertária, generosa, paciente e delicada. em minha timidez e em singelas palavras: muito obrigada. à beatriz scigliano carneiro, pela revisão atenta, pelos belos desenhos, e também pelos bichos e biblioteca. à flávia lucchesi, pelas conversas, paciência, força no final e pelo destemor nas partidas de futebol e na vida. à eliane carvalho, doce existência, pelas traduções, leitura e pela saudade. ao acácio augusto, pela força do punk. ao vitor osório, de olhar atento. à lúcia soares, elegante trovão. ao gustavo simões, pelos sons anti-harmonia, pela leitura e problematizações na qualificação. à salete oliveira, pela vitalidade e pelos lindos tons azuis na cerâmica. pelo desassossego desde a graduação. ao nu-sol, pelas expansões de vida e vitalidade anarquista que me atravessam e me modificam. banzai! ao josé maria carvalho ferreira, pela leitura atenta e sugestões na qualificação. pela anarquia, caos auto-organizado sem deuses e sem amos. à marianne enckell, pelo incrível cira. aos anarquistas que encontrei em lausanne. ao cyrian pitteloud, pela cerveja pirata e pela troca de materiais. ao narita kei, pelas portas sempre abertas do ira. ao junji, pela dedicação ao cira-japana. à moeko, ao gan, ao tamaki e à ako pelas voltas em fujinomiya. ao tanaka hikaru, pelos primeiros contatos com os anarquismos no japão e pelo congresso anarquista em 2015. à maria flora uehara, uma nissei nada convencional. ao antonio gomes, sempre na luta e no pedal. aos amigos no paraná. à aila villela bolzan, pelas aventuras desde a graduação. ao marcelo puzio, pelo interesse nesta pesquisa. à juliana bellafronte, pelas risadas e passeios nas noites congelantes. à adriana martinez e ao matheus marestoni, pelas brigas, conversas e vinhos. ao wander wilson, pelos vagalumes, por apreciar o antigoverno em akira, por me presentear em 2013 com um livro sobre os anarquismos no japão e por mais um tanto de outras coisas. à katia cristina da silva, pelo auxílio com a burocracia. resumo A harmonia comumente refere-se à sensação de tranquilidade, a uma agradável melodia aos ouvidos ou a um certo equilíbrio. No Japão, o termo tem como uma de suas proveniências o Kokutai (corpo nacional), documento estabelecido oficialmente ainda na segunda metade da Era Tokugawa, que manifestava a ausência de confronto e veneração ao Imperador. O Kokutai modificou-se ao longo dos anos e prevaleceu mais do que um documento, um costume com reflexos tanto na obediência, devoção ao Imperador e a uma rígida hierarquia, como na perseguição a qualquer um que pretendesse realizar mudança nessa organização. Diante dessa pretensa harmonia japonesa, investigou-se práticas libertárias no Japão por meio dos arquivos anarquistas no Brasil, na Suiça e no Japão da análise genealógica do poder sugerida por Michel Foucault da noção de arquivo monumento enquanto heterotopias anarquistas elaborada por Edson Passetti. São espaços sem a pretensão de abarcar toda a história, mas interessados na vitalidade das lutas anarquistas. Assim, expõe-se práticas libertárias no Japão Imperial na invenção de novos costumes e em confronto direto à obediência alastrada e fortalecida com o Kokutai. Anarquistas inventaram associações, periódicos, realizaram traduções, estabeleceram contatos com anarquistas em outros cantos do planeta, experimentaram o amor livre, desentenderam-se, travaram ardorosas discussões, transformaram-se, lançaram-se no terrorismo, encararam a morte e, por vezes, o suicídio. Apresentam-se, também, os desdobramentos das lutas anarquistas no pós-II Guerra Mundial, suas respostas às bombas de Hiroshima e Nagasaki e a luta pacifista que os atravessaram. Tais práticas são situadas enquanto expansão da vida, noção elaborada pelo anarquista Ôsugi Sakae, e compreendida como um incessante desacostumar-se a obedecer na afirmação da vida livre e no combate à conquista expressa pelo Estado, governo, polícia, voto, justiça e moral. São práticas de um anarquismo menor em combate incessante ao governo e à autoridade centralizada, sem acordos ou concessões com afirmação da revolta. Palavras-chave: anarquismos no Japão, Kokutai, expansão da vida, resistências. abstract The word Harmony usually refers to a sense of tranquility, a pleasant melody to one’s ears, or some balance. In Japan, one of the origins of this word is the Kokutai (national entity), an official document released during the second half of Tokugawa period that stated the absence of conflict and the worship of the Emperor. The Kokutai has changed over the years and become not only a document but a tradition that would lead to obedience and devotion to the Emperor, a rigid hierarchy, and the persecution to anyone who intended to carry out any change towards this organization. Given this false Japanese harmony, the present work investigated libertarian practices in Japan through the anarchists papers in Brazil, Switzerland, and Japan, using a genealogical analysis of power proposed by Michel Foucault, and the concept of monument archive expressed in the anarchist heterotopias developed by Edson Passetti. Those are not spaces to embrace History as a whole, nonetheless, they target the vitality within the anarchist struggles. Therefore, it shows the libertarian practices in the Empire of Japan, with the invention of new costums and the direct struggles against the obedience spread and reinforced by the Kokutai. The anarchists created associations, journals, provided translations, kept contact with other anarchists around the planet, experienced free love, argued among themselves in passionate altercations, transformed themselves, embraced terrorism, faced death and, sometimes, suicide. The present work also shows how anarchist struggles unfolded at the post–World War II, the anarchists responses to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and their pacifist struggles. These practices are placed as the expansion of life, a concept developed by the anarchist Ōsugi Sakae, understood as the constant untraining of obedience, and the assertion of a free life in the fight against the State conquests such as the government, the police, voting, the justice court, and morals. These are practices of a minor anarchism in a continuous fight against government and centralized authority. No compromises or arrangements but the affirmation of revolt. Keywords: anarchisms in Japan, Kokutai, expansion of life, resistances. sumário considerações preliminares, cronologia e mapa ............................................................. 9 glossário ..................................................................................................................... 10 apresentação ............................................................................................................... 18 expansão da vida ........................................................................................................ 26 anarquias em expansão, outras conexões: kanno sugako e kôtoku shûsui ................... 76 contra os costumes: itô noe e ôsugi sakae .................................................................. 126 kaneko fumiko e yeol park: contra o império e o tribunal ........................................ 173 as leis de preservação da paz, o incessante anarcoterrorismo e a comuna shinmin .... 200 novas lutas ................................................................................................................ 259 recordações libertárias .............................................................................................. 312 bibliografia ............................................................................................................... 321 anexo ............................................................................................................................ 1 considerações preliminares, cronologia e mapa Nomes japoneses estão escritos seguindo o modo japonês (sobrenome nome). Optou-se por usar o acento circunflexo para as marcas de prolongamentos de vogais, como â, î, ô, û. Os termos e nomes em japonês estão escritos romanizados, em alguns casos apresenta-se também a escrita japonesa em kanjii ou em katakana. As idades apresentadas estão na contagem ocidental. Na contagem oriental, conta-se um ano a mais para a gestação. A cronologia da história japonesa
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