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Air Ambulance Services in the Arctic 1999-2009: a Norwegian Study Jan Norum1,2,3*, Trond M Elsbak3
Norum and Elsbak International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4:1 http://www.intjem.com/content/4/1/1 ORIGINALRESEARCH Open Access Air ambulance services in the Arctic 1999-2009: a Norwegian study Jan Norum1,2,3*, Trond M Elsbak3 Abstract Background: Air ambulance services in the Arctic have to deal with remote locations, long distances, rough weather conditions and seasonable darkness. Despite these challenges, the people living in the area expect a high quality of specialist health care. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyse the air ambulance operations performed in the Norwegian Arctic and study variations in diagnoses and flight patterns around the year. Methods: A retrospective analysis. All air ambulance operations performed during the time 1999 – 2009 period were analysed. The subjects were patients transported and flights performed. The primary outcome measures were patients’ diagnoses and task patterns around the year. Results: A total of 345 patients were transported and 321 flights performed. Coronary heart and vascular disease, bone fractures and infections were the most common diagnoses. Most patients (85%) had NACA score 3 or 4. Half of all fractures occurred in April and August. Most patients were males (66%), and one fourth was not Norwegian. The median flying time (one way) was 3 h 33 m. Ten percent of the flights were delayed, and only 14% were performed between midnight and 8.00 AM. The period April to August was the busiest one (58% of operations). Conclusions: Norway has run a safe air ambulance service in the Arctic for the last 11 years. In the future more shipping and polar adventure operations may influence the need for air ambulances, especially during summer and autumn. -
Petroleum, Coal and Research Drilling Onshore Svalbard: a Historical Perspective
NORWEGIAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY Vol 99 Nr. 3 https://dx.doi.org/10.17850/njg99-3-1 Petroleum, coal and research drilling onshore Svalbard: a historical perspective Kim Senger1,2, Peter Brugmans3, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg2,4, Malte Jochmann1,5, Arvid Nøttvedt6, Snorre Olaussen1, Asbjørn Skotte7 & Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora1,8 1Department of Arctic Geology, University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. 2Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration (ARCEx), University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 3The Norwegian Directorate of Mining with the Commissioner of Mines at Svalbard, P.O. Box 520, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. 4Department of Geosciences, University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 5Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani AS, P.O. Box 613, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. 6NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Fantoftvegen 38, 5072 Bergen, Norway. 7Skotte & Co. AS, Hatlevegen 1, 6240 Ørskog, Norway. 8Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway. E-mail corresponding author (Kim Senger): [email protected] The beginning of the Norwegian oil industry is often attributed to the first exploration drilling in the North Sea in 1966, the first discovery in 1967 and the discovery of the supergiant Ekofisk field in 1969. However, petroleum exploration already started onshore Svalbard in 1960 with three mapping groups from Caltex and exploration efforts by the Dutch company Bataaffse (Shell) and the Norwegian private company Norsk Polar Navigasjon AS (NPN). NPN was the first company to spud a well at Kvadehuken near Ny-Ålesund in 1961. -
Svalbard (Norway)
Svalbard (Norway) Cross border travel - People - Depending on your citizenship, you may need a visa to enter Svalbard. - The Norwegian authorities do not require a special visa for entering Svalbard, but you may need a permit for entering mainland Norway /the Schengen Area, if you travel via Norway/the Schengen Area on your way to or from Svalbard. - It´s important to ensure that you get a double-entry visa to Norway so you can return to the Schengen Area (mainland Norway) after your stay in Svalbard! - More information can be found on the Norwegian directorate of immigration´s website: https://www.udi.no/en/ - Find more information about entering Svalbard on the website of the Governor of Svalbard: https://www.sysselmannen.no/en/visas-and-immigration/ - Note that a fee needs to be paid for all visa applications. Covid-19 You can find general information and links to relevant COVID-19 related information here: https://www.sysselmannen.no/en/corona-and-svalbard/ Note that any mandatory quarantine must be taken in mainland Norway, not on Svalbard! Find more information and quarantine (hotels) here: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/koronavirus-covid- 19/the-corona-situation-more-information-about-quarantine- hotels/id2784377/?fbclid=IwAR0CA4Rm7edxNhpaksTgxqrAHVXyJcsDBEZrtbaB- t51JTss5wBVz_NUzoQ You can find further information regarding the temporary travel restrictions here: https://nyalesundresearch.no/covid-info/ - Instrumentation (import/export) - In general, it is recommended to use a shipping/transport agency. - Note that due to limited air cargo capacity to and from Ny-Ålesund, cargo related to research activity should preferably be sent by cargo ship. -
The Ortelius Incident in the Hinlopen Strait—A Case Study on How Satellite-Based AIS Can Support Search and Rescue Operations in Remote Waters
resources Case Report The Ortelius Incident in the Hinlopen Strait—A Case Study on How Satellite-Based AIS Can Support Search and Rescue Operations in Remote Waters Johnny Grøneng Aase 1,2 ID 1 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; [email protected] 2 Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy, P.O. Box 800, Postmottak, NO-2617 Lillehammer, Norway; [email protected]; Tel.: +47-9285-2550 Received: 26 April 2017; Accepted: 24 July 2017; Published: 27 July 2017 Abstract: In this paper, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data collected from space is used to demonstrate how the data can support search and rescue (SAR) operations in remote waters. The data was recorded by the Norwegian polar orbiting satellite AISSat-1. This is a case study discussing the Ortelius incident in Svalbard in early June 2016. The tourist vessel flying the flag of Cyprus experienced engine failure in a remote part of the Arctic Archipelago. The passengers and crew were not harmed. There were no Norwegian Coast Guard vessels in the vicinity. The Governor of Svalbard had to deploy her vessel Polarsyssel to assist the Ortelius. The paper shows that satellite-based AIS enables SAR coordination centers to swiftly determine the identity and precise location of vessels in the vicinity of the troubled ship. This knowledge makes it easier to coordinate SAR operations. Keywords: tourism; polar; search and rescue; SAR; Arctic; Svalbard; AISSat-1; Ortelius 1. Introduction On Friday 3 June 2016 at 12:30 am local time, the tourist vessel Ortelius reported engine trouble in the vicinity of the Vaigatt Islands in the Hinlopen Strait. -
The Ny-Ålesund Charter
THE NY-ÅLESUND CHARTER April 2013 THE NY-ÅLESUND SCIENCE MANAGERS COMMITTEE CONTENTS Preface 3 Introduction 3 Ny-Ålesund Charter Charter Contents 4 1. Mission Statement for Ny-Ålesund 5 2. Visitors to Ny-Ålesund - approval process 6 3. Research project approval 6 4. Safety policy agreed by NySMAC 2003 7 5. Ny-Ålesund accident and incident plan 8 6. Weapon training 8 APPENDIX 1. NySMAC founding articles 9 2. Ny-Ålesund stations/infrastructures 11 3. NySMAC meetings and Ny-Ålesund seminars 12 4. Kings Bay AS 13 5. Svalbard Science Forum (SSF) 13 6. Ny-Ålesund environment impact assessment (EIA) 14 7. Waste management 16 8. Ny-Ålesund Science Plan 17 1. Overall vision for the plan period 18 2. Science focus 18 3. Educational focus 21 4. Coordination activities within KIRB 21 5. Implementation of the Science Plan 23 9. Ny-Ålesund Flagship Programmes 24 10. EU funding initiatives 24 11. SIOS – Svalbard Integrated Earth Observing System 25 12. Fishery protection in Kongsfjorden 26 13. Gold prospecting at Svansen 27 14. UNINETT Internet Infrastructure 27 2 PREFACE Charter: “A written contract between individuals” This charter document endeavors to record policies agreed by the Ny-Ålesund Science Managers Committee (NySMAC) since its creation in 1994. The document also includes milestones in the evolution of the International Research Community at Ny-Ålesund since its beginning in 1991. Nick Cox April 2013 INTRODUCTION The Kings Bay Kull Company mined coal at Ny-Ålesund from 1916 to 1962 with brief interludes when it was a supply station for the fishing industry and a period with no activity during the Second World War. -
Scientific Activities on Spitsbergen in the Light of the International Legal Status of the Archipelago
POLISH POLAR RESEARCH 16 1-2 13-35 1995 Jacek MACHOWSKI Institute of International Law Warsaw University Krakowskie Przedmieście 1 00-068 Warszawa, POLAND Scientific activities on Spitsbergen in the light of the international legal status of the archipelago ABSTRACT: In this article, Svalbard was presented as place and object of intensive scientific research, carried on under the rule of the 1920 Spitsbergen Treaty, which has transformed the archipelago into a unique political and legal entity, having no counterpart anywhere else in the world. Scientific activities in Svalbard are carried out within an uncommon legal framework, shaped by a body of instruments both of international law and domestic laws of Norway, as well as other countries concerned, while the Spitsbergen Treaty, in despite of its advanced age of 75 years, still remains a workable international instrument, fundamental to the maintenance of law and order within the whole Arctic region. In 1995 two important for Svalbard anniversaries were noted: on 9 February, 75 years of the signing of the Spitsbegren Treaty and on 14 August, 70 years of the Norwegian rule over the archipelago. Key words: Arctic, Spitsbergen, scientific cooperation, law and politics. Introduction The recent missile incident in the Arctic1 and the Russian-Norwegian controversy accompanying it, have turned for a while the attention of world public opinion to the status of Spitsbergen (Svalbard)2 and the conditions of scientific investigations in the archipelago. 1 The Times, 26 January, 1995, p. 12. On 25 January 1995 the world public opinion was alarmed by the news that a Norwegian missile has violated the airspace of Russia, putting its defence on alert. -
Protected Areas in Svalbard – Securing Internationally Valuable Cultural and Natural Heritage Contents Preface
Protected areas in Svalbard – securing internationally valuable cultural and natural heritage Contents Preface ........................................................................ 1 – Moffen Nature Reserve ......................................... 13 From no-man’s-land to a treaty and the Svalbard – Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve ...................... 14 Environmental Protection Act .................................. 4 – Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve ......................... 16 The history of nature and cultural heritage – Forlandet National Park .........................................18 protection in Svalbard ................................................ 5 – Indre Wijdefjorden National Park ......................... 20 The purpose of the protected areas .......................... 6 – Nordenskiöld Land National Park ........................ 22 Protection values ........................................................ 7 – Nordre Isfjorden National Park ............................ 24 Nature protection areas in Svalbard ........................10 – Nordvest-Spitsbergen National Park ................... 26 – Bird sanctuaries ..................................................... 11 – Sassen-Bünsow Land National Park .................... 28 – Bjørnøya Nature Reserve ...................................... 12 – Sør-Spitsbergen National Park ..............................30 – Ossian Sars Nature Reserve ................................. 12 Svalbard in a global context ..................................... 32 – Hopen Nature Reserve -
Svalbard 2015–2016 Meld
Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security Published by: Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security Public institutions may order additional copies from: Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.publikasjoner.dep.no KET T Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) Telephone: + 47 222 40 000 ER RY M K Ø K J E L R I I Photo: Longyearbyen, Tommy Dahl Markussen M 0 Print: 07 PrintMedia AS 7 9 7 P 3 R 0 I 1 08/2017 – Impression 1000 N 4 TM 0 EDIA – 2 Svalbard 2015–2016 Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) 1 Svalbard Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) Svalbard Translation from Norwegian. For information only. Table of Contents 1 Summary ........................................ 5 6Longyearbyen .............................. 39 1.1 A predictable Svalbard policy ........ 5 6.1 Introduction .................................... 39 1.2 Contents of each chapter ............... 6 6.2 Areas for further development ..... 40 1.3 Full overview of measures ............. 8 6.2.1 Tourism: Longyearbyen and surrounding areas .......................... 41 2Background .................................. 11 6.2.2 Relocation of public-sector jobs .... 43 2.1 Introduction .................................... 11 6.2.3 Port development ........................... 44 2.2 Main policy objectives for Svalbard 11 6.2.4 Svalbard Science Centre ............... 45 2.3 Svalbard in general ........................ 12 6.2.5 Land development in Longyearbyen ................................ 46 3 Framework under international 6.2.6 Energy supply ................................ 46 law .................................................... 17 6.2.7 Water supply .................................. 47 3.1 Norwegian sovereignty .................. 17 6.3 Provision of services ..................... -
Gatekart Over Longyearbyen
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The Longyearbyen Fatal Avalanche Accident 19Th December 2015, Svalbard - Lessons Learned from Avalanche Rescue Inside a Settlement
Proceedings, International Snow Science Workshop, Breckenridge, Colorado, 2016 THE LONGYEARBYEN FATAL AVALANCHE ACCIDENT 19TH DECEMBER 2015, SVALBARD - LESSONS LEARNED FROM AVALANCHE RESCUE INSIDE A SETTLEMENT Martin Indreiten1,2,3* and Christian Svarstad3,4 1The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway 2Arctic Safety Centre, Longyearbyen, Norway 3Longyearbyen Red Cross, Longyearbyen, Norway 4The Governor of Svalbard - Police Department, Longyearbyen, Norway ABSTRACT: A fatal avalanche hit houses in the city of Longyearbyen early Saturday morning the 19th of December 2015 after an extreme winter storm event. The avalanche destroyed 11 houses and trapped more than 20 people inside demolished buildings. Nine of the trapped people were buried in the snow for up to two hours before being rescued. A massive rescue operation was organized involving the police, fire department, hospital and the local Red Cross. In addition to the organized rescuers, more than one hundred volunteers from the community took part in the operation. The following paper presents a de- tailed account of how the massive rescue operation limited the losses to two fatalities and eight hospital- ized, and additionally lessons learned from the rescue operation. KEYWORDS: Avalanche accident, urban avalanche, rescue 1. INTRODUCTION Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean (Fig. 1) and is under Norwegian sovereignty. Sval- bard sits north of mainland Norway, it is approxi- mately halfway between Norway and the North Pole. The largest island is Spitsbergen and in size equal to Switzerland. Svalbard’s main settlement, Longyearbyen, is located on the west side of Spitsbergen at 78° North and 15° East. The town is located in Longyeardalen (Longyear valley) and on the shore of Adventfjorden. -
Ny-Å LESUND from Å to Z
Ny-Å LESUND from Å to Z Your guide to survival in Ny-Ålesund Information folder for visitors in Ny-Ålesund The folder belongs in this room; please do not remove it or any of its contents Updated: July 2016| 2 Important telephone numbers Ny-Ålesund Reception: 79 02 72 00 Opening hours: Monday to Friday 08:00-12:00 and 13:00-16:30 Watchman in Ny-Ålesund: 79 02 72 38 Longyearbyen Longyearbyen Hospital: 79 02 42 00 (09:00-15:00) Hospital's emergency no.: 113 Governor of Svalbard: 79 02 43 00 (08:30-15:30) Emergency no. police (Governor): 112 Police's (Governor) duty no.: 41 40 31 65 3 THE SHORT VERSION Waste management We have no waste deposit in Ny-Ålesund. This means: sort the garbage and put it in the correct box at the recycling centre in the Service building, or in the correct box at your sleeping quarter. Be especially aware of sorting out food scraps! Radio silence Ny-Ålesund is a radio silent area. Wireless equipment will disturb important measurements. Please turn off all wireless equipment! This includes LAN-system in portable computers, Bluetooth, mobile phones, cameras and other devices! Electricity In Ny-Ålesund the electricity comes from diesel. Please use as little electricity as you can to keep the air as clean as possible! Rifles Loaded weapons should never be carried inside town. Always remove the ammunition and open the bolt, or remove the bolt, inside town. Sewage Do not put anything in the toilet but toilet paper and human waste. -
Twenty of the Most Thermophilous Vascular Plant Species in Svalbard and Their Conservation State
Twenty of the most thermophilous vascular plant species in Svalbard and their conservation state Torstein Engelskjøn, Leidulf Lund & Inger Greve Alsos An aim for conservation in Norway is preserving the Svalbard archi- pelago as one of the least disturbed areas in the Arctic. Information on local distribution, population sizes and ecology is summarized for 20 thermophilous vascular plant species. The need for conservation of north- ern, marginal populations in Svalbard is reviewed, using World Conser- vation Union categories and criteria at a regional scale. Thirteen species reach their northernmost distribution in Svalbard, the remaining seven in the western Arctic. Nine species have 1 - 8 populations in Svalbard and are assigned to Red List categories endangered or critically endangered: Campanula rotundifolia, Euphrasia frigida, Juncus castaneus, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Rubus chamaemorus, Alchemilla glomerulans, Ranuncu- lus wilanderi, Salix lanata and Vaccinium uliginosum, the last four spe- cies needing immediate protective measures. Five species are classifi ed as vulnerable: Betula nana, Carex marina ssp. pseudolagopina, Luzula wahlenbergii, Ranunculus arcticus and Ranunculus pallasii. Six species are considered at lower risk: Calamagrostis stricta, Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum, Hippuris vulgaris (only occurring on Bjørnøya), Juncus triglumis, Ranunculus lapponicus and Rhodiola rosea. The warmer Inner Arctic Fjord Zone of Spitsbergen supports most of the 20 target species and is of particular importance for conservation. Endan- gered or vulnerable species were found in a variety of edaphic conditions; thus, several kinds of habitats need protection. T. Engelskjøn, I. G. Alsos, Tromsø Museum, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway, torstein@ tmu.uit.no; L. Lund, Phytotron, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.