Go Play in Space (Second Edition) © 2006 by Bruce Irving and Andy Mcsorley, All Rights Reserved Space Is Real

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Go Play in Space (Second Edition) © 2006 by Bruce Irving and Andy Mcsorley, All Rights Reserved Space Is Real Your Future In Space his final chapter is different from the others, because it is concerned with real space flight, and with some of my own ideas and opinions about the future of space flight, and the future in general. The rest of this manual has been about simulated “playing in space,” T using Orbiter for fun and as a framework to encourage you to explore certain aspects of space flight in a fairly realistic way. If you find this sort of thing to be interesting, and depending on where you are in your schooling or career plans, you might consider doing something that’s connected with real space flight. It could lead to involvement with some of the most interesting and important developments of the next 50 years or so. You could get involved now by joining a space advocacy group. Opinions expressed here about the importance of space for the future of humanity, and on the feasibility of human flights to Mars in the near future, are my own take on various things I have read and thought about. But some aspects of this epilogue were inspired by several writers in particular. The nonfiction writings of Dr. Robert Zubrin and Dr. Raymond Kurzweil, and the writings of science fiction authors Kim Stanley Robinson, John Barnes, Stephen Baxter, and Gregory Benford have been particularly helpful. I will provide references and more detailed credits at the end of this chapter. Mars for Less is a reference mission designed by Grant Bonin for MarsDrive Consortium, a group that is trying to organize other groups and individuals in support of human missions to Mars within the next twenty years. Mars for Less is a variation of Robert Zubrin’s Mars Direct that proposes to make use of existing medium-lift launch vehicles (MLLV) to place modular crew, utility, and propulsion units in low Earth orbit for assembly into complete vehicles for Mars injection. The MarsDrive ships (ERV, top, MTSV, bottom, graphic used with permission) are not (yet) an Orbiter add-on. There is more on MarsDrive and Mars for Less later in this epilogue, and even more at www.MarsDrive.com. Epilogue for Go Play in Space (Second Edition) © 2006 by Bruce Irving and Andy McSorley, All rights reserved Space Is Real hile it’s true that Orbiter is only a space flight simulation and in some respects a game, space is real, and you may have a real future in space. In fact, space may be more important than you Wmay think. What is so important about space? For one thing, space truly is “the final frontier,” and frontiers have been very important in human history. Think about the role of Columbus and other early explorers in discovering the Americas. The discovery of a “new world” previously unknown to the European trading nations of the 1500’s stimulated technology to develop better sailing ships and navigation methods. It created new opportunities for trade and eventually for new places to live, allowing European colonists to escape religious and social oppression, or simply to start a new life. Of course this opportunity came at a cost – it was expensive and risky to cross the Atlantic Ocean in those early days. Those who made it faced many hardships (and the hardships for the native people they encountered were often worse – the treatment of native people by early explorers and settlers was terrible and sad even if we consider that at the time, there was nothing like our modern appreciation of the value of different cultures). The existence of the New World (today’s North and South America) provided new sources and markets for goods and new places to live, but even more importantly, it opened the doors to new ways of thinking about everything. Later (mainly in the 1800’s) the American West became a New Frontier, and the challenges of expanding the United States from coast to coast became another major economic and social driver that created opportunities for many as well as new markets for goods, services, and ideas. Much has been written about the importance of frontiers in the development of the modern nations of Europe and North America. Dr. Robert Zubrin explores these and many other ideas in his books The Case for Mars and Entering Space. These are just a few examples, and while this is not a history book, I believe that one thing that is missing in today’s world is a significant frontier. This is not to say that we lack challenges and problems to solve. We certainly have plenty of those. But some of history’s most productive periods have occurred when there was a frontier to stimulate exploration and new ideas – and to provide focus or direction. This is related to a fundamental human trait – willingness to step out into unfamiliar territory in search of new ideas and opportunities and in spite of the uncertainties of such ventures. Uncertain Future – The future IS uncertain, of course. Thirty years ago, some people believed that there was a “population bomb,” that runaway human population growth would soon outpace our ability to grow food, leading to mass starvation. While there are still tragically bad conditions and even starvation in some regions of the world, it seems that when technology and social efforts lead to better living conditions, populations stabilize over time – people in more developed countries live longer lives, but under better conditions and with fewer children. Population is still a serious issue, but no bomb yet. Of course we still face many risks – global warming and other environmental threats to the Earth’s atmosphere and water; war and terrorism; various diseases, old and new; and a variety of natural disasters ranging from earthquakes and tsunamis to a possible giant asteroid strike. Technology and other human efforts can be used to reduce some of the risks and to help people when they are hurt by these things. Humans are very resourceful and there is reason for optimism in spite of the many challenges we face. But there are still many uncertainties. OK, but what does this have to do with space? I’m getting to that, I promise! But first a case of good news and bad news. Consider the idea of living longer, healthier lives, which seems to be the result of improved nutrition, health care, education, and economic conditions in many parts of the world. Of course this is a good thing. There are some people who believe that molecular biology and medicine may Go Play In Space E-2 Epilogue be close to solving even the basic problems of aging, so that people could eventually have the chance to live much longer but still healthy lives, perhaps 120 years or more as a typical healthy and active lifespan. No one knows for sure yet if this is possible or how far it could go, but many people think it is plausible (some think we could reach this stage in the next 15-25 years, while others think it could happen but may take a hundred years or more to solve the many sub-problems of aging). But think about this – it means that if you were born in 1985, you might still be alive, healthy, and active in 2105. Is this a good thing? Yes and no (yes for you personally, maybe no for society as a whole). While it’s not quite the same as a “population bomb,” consider a population of many millions of healthy 70-to-120-year-old people who in the past would have mostly been retired from their jobs (or in many cases, have died). What will we do with these people? Send them into space? Not quite! My point is that the “good news” of greatly extending the lives of so many people could have unplanned consequences or “bad news” side effects. It could change the nature of our societies, of our working lives, and the nature of the opportunities that young people have. Not only is there no “new frontier” on Earth, but even the idea of a career that progresses over time from entry level to more complex, responsible, and better-paid positions could break down if the senior people remain on the job for many more years because they are still healthy and active and either need to or want to continue working. And this is not even considering the likelihood that we will develop computers and robots with something more similar to human intelligence which (who?) will also compete for some of the jobs that can only be done by humans today (robots already do much of the repetitive factory work that used to be done by people, and the Internet and advanced telecommunications are already changing the nature and distribution of work, entertainment, government, and more, changing every day). Change will continue and accelerate, leading to a very different world in the future – maybe a better world, with chances for multiple careers, continuing education, creative pursuits, and more leisure time. Maybe the problems of a society where long, healthy lifetimes are the norm will take several generations to solve. No one really knows. Of course there are other scenarios too – what if a disease worse in its effects and harder to fight than AIDS becomes an epidemic? What if terrorism becomes more widespread and destructive? These are terrible prospects to consider – people will do everything they can to prevent such things from happening, and they probably will succeed – but maybe not. I’m personally optimistic about the future, and I’m not trying to frighten anyone here.
Recommended publications
  • The Case for Mars Subsurface Exploration
    Ninth International Conference on Mars 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2089) 6279.pdf THE CASE FOR MARS SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION. L. W. Beegle1, V. Stamenković1, K. Zacny2.1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. 2Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY, USA. The Martian subsurface is of enormous interest for Orbiters, landers and rovers, especially the two astrobiology, geochemistry, climatology, and In Situ MERs and Curiosity, have delivered data that have revo- Resource Utilization (ISRU) objectives, which cannot lutionized our understanding of ancient Martian surface be addressed with surface missions alone. Specifically, environments. Those data support a rich history of subsurface data are needed to continue the search for groundwater flow and a diverse, and from the surface extinct of extant life started by the Viking landers more very different, world hiding beneath the oxidized surficial than forty years ago and to prepare for human explora- regolith. InSight and future missions like the ExoMars tion. If Mars ever had life, whether it emerged on or and Mars 2020 rovers will aim to extend our knowledge of ancient habitable surface environments, to produce below the surface, then as the atmosphere thinned and unprecedented data on global large-scale interior proper- global temperatures dropped[1], life may have fol- ties, and to inform us about the very shallow Martian lowed the groundwater table to progressively greater regolithic subsurface. However, questions, in particular depths where stable liquid water could persist. At such about whether there ever was or is still life on Mars, how depths, life could have been sustained by hydrothermal the Martian climate changed over long periods of time, activity and rock-water reactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 6-2013 The Wrong Right Stuff: Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress Andrew Follett College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Follett, Andrew, "The Wrong Right Stuff: Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress" (2013). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 584. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/584 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Wrong Right Stuff: Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in Government from The College of William and Mary by Andrew Follett Accepted for . John Gilmour, Director . Sophia Hart . Rowan Lockwood Williamsburg, VA May 3, 2013 1 Table of Contents: Acknowledgements 3 Part 1: Introduction and Background 4 Pre Soviet Collapse: Early American Failures in Space 13 Pre Soviet Collapse: The Successful Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo Programs 17 Pre Soviet Collapse: The Quasi-Successful Shuttle Program 22 Part 2: The Thin Years, Repeated Failure in NASA in the Post-Soviet Era 27 The Failure of the Space Exploration Initiative 28 The Failed Vision for Space Exploration 30 The Success of Unmanned Space Flight 32 Part 3: Why NASA Fails 37 Part 4: Putting this to the Test 87 Part 5: Changing the Method.
    [Show full text]
  • An Economic Analysis of Mars Exploration and Colonization Clayton Knappenberger Depauw University
    DePauw University Scholarly and Creative Work from DePauw University Student research Student Work 2015 An Economic Analysis of Mars Exploration and Colonization Clayton Knappenberger DePauw University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.depauw.edu/studentresearch Part of the Economics Commons, and the The unS and the Solar System Commons Recommended Citation Knappenberger, Clayton, "An Economic Analysis of Mars Exploration and Colonization" (2015). Student research. Paper 28. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Scholarly and Creative Work from DePauw University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student research by an authorized administrator of Scholarly and Creative Work from DePauw University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Economic Analysis of Mars Exploration and Colonization Clayton Knappenberger 2015 Sponsored by: Dr. Villinski Committee: Dr. Barreto and Dr. Brown Contents I. Why colonize Mars? ............................................................................................................................ 2 II. Can We Colonize Mars? .................................................................................................................... 11 III. What would it look like? ............................................................................................................... 16 A. National Program .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Philosophy and the Ethics of Terraforming Mars
    ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY AND THE ETHICS OF TERRAFORMING MARS: ADDING THE VOICES OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND ECOFEMINISM TO THE ONGOING DEBATE Robert Heath French Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2013 APPROVED: Robert Figueroa, Committee Chair Eugene Hargrove, Committee Member Adam Briggle, Committee Member Patricia Glazebrook, Chair of the Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School French, Robert Heath. Environmental Philosophy and the Ethics of Terraforming Mars: Adding the Voices of Environmental Justice and Ecofeminism to the Ongoing Debate. Master of Arts (Philosophy), August 2013, 133 pp., 1 table, bibliography, 78 titles. Questions concerning the ethics of terraforming Mars have received some attention from both philosophers and scientists during recent decades. A variety of theoretical approaches have been supplied by a number of authors, however research pursuant to this thesis has indicated at least two major blindspots in the published literature on the topic. First, a broad category of human considerations involving risks, dangers, and social, political, and economic inequalities that would likely be associated with efforts to terraform Mars have been woefully overlooked in the published literature to date. I attempt to rectify that oversight by employing the interpretive lens of environmental justice to address questions of environmental colonialism, equality in terms of political participation and inclusion in decision making structures, risks associated with technological progressivism, and responses to anthropogenic climate change. Only by including the historically marginalized and politically disenfranchised “voices,” of both humans and nonhumans, can any future plan to terraform Mars be deemed ethical, moral or just according to the framework provided by environmental justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Vector » Email: [email protected] Features, Editorial and Letters the Critical Journal of the BSFA Andrew M
    Sept/Oct 1998 £2.25 David Wingrove • John Meaney The Critical Tetsuo and Tetsuo II • Gattaca • John Wyndham Journal of George Orwell • Best of British Poll • Dr Who the BSFA Editorial Team Production and General Editing Tony Cullen - 16 Weaver's Way, Camden, London NW1 OXE Vector » Email: [email protected] Features, Editorial and Letters The Critical Journal of the BSFA Andrew M. Butler - 33 Brook View Drive, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5JN Email: [email protected] Contents Gary Dalkin - 5 Lydford Road, Bournemouth, 3 Editorial - The View from Hangar 23 Dorset, BH11 8SN by Andrew Butler Book Reviews 4 TO Paul Kincaid 60 Bournemouth Road, Folkestone, Letters to Vector Kent CT19 5AZ 5 Red Shift Email: [email protected] Corrections and Clarifications Printed by: 5 Afterthoughts: Reflections on having finished PDC Copyprint, 11 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, Chung Kuo Surrey GU1 4AP .by David Wingrove |The British Science Fiction Association Ltd. 6 Emergent Property An Interview with John Meaney by Maureen Kincaid Limited by guarantee. Company No. 921500. Registered Speller Address: 60 Bournemouth Road, Folkestone, Kent. CT19 5AZ 9 The Cohenstewart Discontinuity: Science in the | BSFA Membership Third Millennium by lohn Meaney UK Residents: £19 or £12 (unwaged) per year. 11 Man-Sized Monsters Please enquire for overseas rates by Colin Odell and Mitch Le Blanc 13 Gattaca: A scientific (queer) romance Renewals and New Members - Paul Billinger , 1 Long Row Close , Everdon, Daventry, Northants NN11 3BE by Andrew M Butler 15
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Version of the CSSS Membership Form
    Join Chicago Society for Space Studies CHICAGO S!CI"#$ %!& to support space education, space exploration and space development S'AC" S#()I"S ___YES, Sign me up as a member of the Chicago Society *&INGING S'AC" #! for Space Studies ILLIN!IS ___YES, I am interested in funding space education and am including a check payable to Chicago Society for Space Studies. Name________________________________________________ Address______________________________________________ City, State, Zip_______________________________________ Email Address________________________________________ Telephone____________________________________________ Donation ____________________________________________ Mail to: CSSS 700 Cape Lane Schaumburg, IL 60193 Chicago Society for Space Studies ,,,-chicago.pace.org CSSS Services Activities Online – Visit our web site at www.chicagospace.org to learn Speakers Bureau – Chicago Society for Space Studies (CSSS) about our organization and activities. You can also sign up to maintains a very active Speakers Bureau and provides receive Spacewatch, our e-newsletter, or connect with us via our educational presentations for libraries, schools, astronomy clubs, LinkedIn group, Facebook page, or Google+ community. conventions, museums, and other civic organizations. Details can be found on our web site. Speakers Bureau – Need a speaker for your organization or club? CSSS provides experienced speakers whose area of Guest Speakers – CSSS has sponsored local appearances by expertise is space exploration. Details are available at speakers
    [Show full text]
  • Going Nowhere Why President Obama Must Give NASA a Destination
    A Survey of Technology and Society Going Nowhere Why President Obama Must Give NASA a Destination aint Augustine famously wrote President Obama in early 2009 to in his Confessions that, as a young head a committee revisiting the plans Sman, he had prayed, “Lord make for NASA developed in the wake of the me chaste, but not yet.” Some sixteen 2003 Columbia accident. Those plans centuries later, another Augustine— involved the retirement of the space Norm Augustine, the head of a commit- shuttle by 2010 and its replacement tee deciding NASA’s future—may have with a new architecture for sending taken inspiration from his namesake astronauts to orbit, the Moon, and ulti- when he announced that he wants the mately Mars. Dubbed Constellation, United States to have a bold manned this new architecture would include space exploration program, but not yet. new rockets and spacecraft, both of Augustine, the former CEO of which NASA spent several years and Lockheed Martin, was selected by billions of dollars designing. Spring 2010 ~ 109 Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. See www.TheNewAtlantis.com for more information. State of the Art In its final report, published in Obama approach. For instance, Burt October 2009, the Augustine committee Rutan, the respected engineer whose called for cancelling the Constellation SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X-Prize program’s drive to return to the Moon in 2004, has suggested that the Obama by 2020. Augustine and his colleagues proposal amounts to “a surrender of further noted that while “Mars is the our preeminence
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Technical Memorandum 0000
    NASA/TM–2016-219182 Frontier In-Situ Resource Utilization for Enabling Sustained Human Presence on Mars Robert W. Moses and Dennis M. Bushnell Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia April 2016 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. advancement of aeronautics and space science. The Collected papers from scientific and technical NASA scientific and technical information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain meetings sponsored or this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the auspices SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, technical, or historical information from NASA organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates programs, projects, and missions, often NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access concerned with subjects having substantial to the NTRS Registered and its public interface, the public interest. NASA Technical Reports Server, thus providing one of the largest collections of aeronautical and space TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. science STI in the world. Results are published in both English-language translations of foreign non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI scientific and technical material pertinent to Report Series, which includes the following report NASA’s mission. types: Specialized services also include organizing TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of and publishing research results, distributing completed research or a major significant phase of specialized research announcements and feeds, research that present the results of NASA providing information desk and personal search Programs and include extensive data or theoretical support, and enabling data exchange services.
    [Show full text]
  • Fafnir Cover Page 1:2018
    NORDIC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY RESEARCH Volume 5, issue 1, 2018 journal.finfar.org The Finnish Society for Science Fiction and Fantasy Research Suomen science fiction- ja fantasiatutkimuksen seura ry Submission Guidelines Fafnir is a Gold Open Access international peer-reviewed journal. Send submissions to our editors in chief at [email protected]. Book reviews, dissertation reviews, and related queries should be sent to [email protected]. We publish academic work on science-fiction and fantasy (SFF) literature, audiovisual art, games, and fan culture. Interdisciplinary perspectives are encouraged. In addition to peer- reviewed academic articles, Fafnir invites texts ranging from short overviews, essays, interviews, conference reports, and opinion pieces as well as academic reviews for books and dissertations on any suitable SFF subject. Our journal provides an international forum for scholarly discussions on science fiction and fantasy, including current debates within the field. Open-Access Policy All content for Fafnir is immediately available through open access, and we endorse the definition of open access laid out in Bethesda Meeting on Open Access Publishing. Our content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0 Unported License. All reprint requests can be sent to the editors at Fafnir, which retains copyright. Editorial Staff Editors in Chief Bodhisattva Chattopadhyay Laura E. Goodin Aino-Kaisa Koistinen Reviews Editor Dennis Wilson Wise Managing Editor Jaana Hakala Advisory Board Merja Polvinen, University of Helsinki, Chair Sari Polvinen, University of Helsinki Paula Arvas, University of Helsinki Liisa Rantalaiho, University of Tampere Stefan Ekman, University of Gothenburg Adam Roberts, Royal Holloway, U. London Ingvil Hellstrand, University of Stavanger Hanna-Riikka Roine, U.
    [Show full text]
  • Mar 98-048 Preserving Possible Martian Life
    MAR 98-048 PRESERVING POSSIBLE MARTIAN LIFE Mark Lupisella University of Maryland and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Code 584, Greenbelt Maryland 20770. E-mail: [email protected]. As we expand our presence in the solar system, novel and challenging scientific and policy issues will face us. A relatively near-term issue requiring attention involves questions regarding the in situ human search for and discovery of primitive extraterrestrial life—Mars being an obvious candidate. Such a search and potential discovery is clearly of paramount importance for science and will pose unique and complex mission planning and policy questions regarding how we should search for and interact with that life. This paper will explore the scientific, mission planning, and policy issues associated with the search for and interaction with possible primitive extraterrestrial life, with an emphasis on issues regarding the preservation of such life. Some of the questions to be considered are: To what extent could effects of human presence compromise possible indigenous life forms? To what extent can we control those effects (e.g. will biological contamination be local or global?) What are the criteria for assessing the biological status of designated locales as well as the entire planet (e.g. can we extrapolate from a few strategic missions?) What should our policies be regarding our interaction with primitive forms of extraterrestrial life? Central to the science and mission planning issues is the role and feasibility of applying decision theory, risk analysis, and modeling techniques. Central to many of the policy aspects are issues of value.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundbreaking Mars Sample Return for Science and Human Exploration
    Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration (2012) 4119.pdf GROUNDBREAKING MARS SAMPLE RETURN FOR SCIENCE AND HUMAN EXPLORATION. B. A. Cohen, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville AL 35812 ([email protected]). Introduction: Partnerships between science and returned. However, a simpler, “groundbreaking” Mars human exploration have recent heritage for the Moon Sample Return (GMSR) mission has been advanced (Lunar Precursor Robotics Program, LPRP) and near- several times as delivering a significant fraction of earth objects (Exploration Precursor Robotics Pro- important Mars science objectives at a reduced cost. gram, xPRP). Both programs spent appreciable time Such a mission architecture would do double duty for and effort determining measurements needed or de- science and exploration at a price point well within the sired before human missions to these destinations. Mars Next Decade budget. These measurements may be crucial to human health Science. The scientific value of a simplified sample or spacecraft design, or may be desired to better opti- return includes characterizing the igneous products and mize systems designs such as spacesuits or operations. interior evolution of Mars, characterizing surface de- Both LPRP and xPRP recommended measurements positional processes and post-depositional histories, from orbit, by landed missions and by sample return. tying absolute ages to relative crater histories, and de- LPRP conducted the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter termining how regolith forms and is modified [5-7]. It (LRO) and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Sat- is to be emphasized that the science community would ellite (LCROSS) missions, providing high-resolution not be satisfied with this approach if it were the only visible imagery, surface and subsurface temperatures, sample return mission under consideration for a Mars global topography, mapping of possible water ice de- program; but if it is approached as the first in a series, posits, and the biological effects of radiation [1].
    [Show full text]
  • V Isysphere Mars: Terraforming Meets Eng Ineered Life Adaptation MSS
    Visysphere mars: Terraforming meets engineered life adaptation MSS/MSM 2005 Visysphere Mars Terraforming Meets Engineered Life Adaptation International Space University Masters Program 2005 © International Space University. All Rights Reserved. Front Cover Artwork: “From Earth to Mars via technology and life”. Connecting the two planets through engineering of technology and life itself to reach the final goal of a terraformed Mars. The Executive Summary, ordering information and order forms may be found on the ISU web site at http://www.isunet.edu/Services/library/isu_publications.htm. Copies of the Executive Summary and the Final Report can also be ordered from: International Space University Strasbourg Central Campus Parc d’Innovation 1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France Tel. +33 (0)3 88 65 54 32 Fax. +33 (0)3 88 65 54 47 e-mail. [email protected] ii International Space University, Masters 2005 Visysphere Mars Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The International Space University and the students of the Masters Program 2005 would like to thank the following people for their generous support and guidance: Achilleas, Philippe Hill, Hugh Part-Time Faculty Faculty, Space Science International Space University International Space University IDEST, Université Paris Sud, France Lapierre, Bernard Arnould, Jacques Coordinator “Ethics Applied to Special Advisor to the President Engineering” course. CNES Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal Averner, Mel Marinova, Margarita Program Manager, Fundamental Planetary
    [Show full text]