Nutritional Practices Adopted by the Dog Owners in the Fatehgarh Sahib

Home , Fatehgarh Sahib, Fatehgarh Sahib district, Ludhiana district

Research Article

Haryana Vet. (Dec., 2019) 58(2), 166-169 Research Article

ABSTRACT Fig 2: Transmission electron photomicrograph of monocyte of dog Present study comprised of 72 crossbred cows (group I= 60 endometritic and group II=12 healthy) at 30±2days postpartum. The Fig. 1. Lateral view of ribs (13 numbers) of left side of adult female showing heterochromatin (a), euchromatin (b), cytoplasmic process (c), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) cell coun  Vacuole and nuclear membrane. Bule bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) Uranyl acetate and lead citrate × 25500

Fig. 1. Histogram depicting frequency distribution of animal right score of respondents

Figure 1: Cyclic conditions for PCR profiling for detection of Salmonella genes

Fig. 1. Semilogarithmic plot of plasma concentration time profile of ASSOCIATION OF SEMEN TRAITS IN amoxicillin and cloxacillin following single dose (10 mg/kg) i.v. and Marinelli, L., Adamelli, S., Normando, S. and Bono, G. i.m. administration in sheep (n=4) (2007). Quality of life of the pet dog: Influence of CONSECUTIVE EJACULATES WITH FSH-β GENE owner and dog’s characteristics. Appl. Anim. Behav. POLYMORPHISM IN HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN Sci. 108(1- 1 2 CROSSBRED BULLS FROM INDIA VIJAY KADAM, ABH

trus synchronizathod that synchronizes ovulations is Corresponding author: [email protected] named briefly as “Ovsynch” (Pursley et al., 1995). The Clinical Article study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different methods of estrus sync

Haryana Vet. (Dec., 2019) 58(2), 166-169 Research Article Haryana Vet. (June, 2020) 59(1), 88-91 Research Article Table 1 Feeding practices followed by dog owners in Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana districts COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS FOR IMPROVING NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES ADOPTED BY THE DOG OWNERS IN THE FATEHGARH SAHIB Fatehgarh Sahib (33) Ludhiana (35) FERTILITY IN POSTPARTUM CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS AND LUDHIANA DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB Variables Urban (33) Rural (31) Urban (35) Rural (39) RATNAPARKHI A.R., DESHMUKH S.G.*, BIRADE H.S., KALE V.B., HARKAL S.B. and JADHAO A.D. OPINDER SINGH*, UDEYBIR SINGH, A.P.S. SETHI, O.P. MALAV and M. WADHWA Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milk and Milk products Department of Animal Nutrition Milk (ml) 247.00 ± 29.31 230.60 ± 38.36 197.10 ± 26.72 230.80 ± 26.08 Corresponding author: [email protected] Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola-444104, India Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, India B A B A Milk product (g) 115.2 ± 33.95 224.20 ± 46.81 150.00 ± 32.14 357.70 ± 41.73 Received: 20.03.2019; Accepted: 13.05.2019 Received: 31.07.2019; Accepted: 01.02.2020 Curd (ml) 197.00 ± 20.52 182.30b ± 31.08 238.60 ± 26.18 279.49a ± 27.72 X b Y a 182 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Sweet (g) 14.85 ± 5.04 4.84 ± 2.67 7.14 ± 3.00 12.82 ± 2.38 Chapatti (g) 2.97 ± 0.31 3.55b ± 0.38 2.80B ± 0.30 4.72a,A ± 0.34 The objective of present research work was to study the efficacy of two different synchronization protocols for improving the fertility in A survey was conducted to study the nutritional practices followed by dog owners of Fatehgarh Sahib (FGS) and Ludhiana (LDH) districts of Dal (g) 31.82 ± 10.59 23.26 ± 9.49 42.00 ± 10.28 42.31 ± 8.46 postpartum crossbred cows. A totah protocol induces better estrus response and first service conception rate in postpartum cows. Punjab. For this, sixty four (33 from urban and 31 from rural) and seventy four (35 from urban and 39 from rural) dog owners of Fatehgarh Sahib Rice(g) 40.91 ± 10.43 43.55 ± 9.74 38.57B ± 10.13 15.38] ± 8.68 Keywords: Conception rate, Double PG, Ovsynch protocol (FGS) and Ludhiana (LDH) districts of Punjab were surveyed. Quantity of food items fed to dogs such as milk products, curd, and dal were higher (P<0.05) in LDH than that of FGS district. In rural FGS, the quantity of milk products and bones offered to the pet dogs was higher (P<0.05) than that Fruits and Vegetables offered in urban FGS, whereas the amount of sweets and vegetables offered was higher (P<0.05) in the urban FGS district. Similarly, in rural LDH, Vegetables (g) 65.15A ± 14.45 30.65B ± 12.02 54.29 ± 14.03 34.62 ± 10.72 the quantity of the milk products and chapatti offered to the pet dogs was higher (P<0.05) than that offered in the urban areas, however, the amount of Non-Vegetarian rice offered was higher (P<0.05) in the urban LDH. More than 59.7% dog owners prefer to offer mixed feed in both districts. Based on the data Meat (g) 116.70 ± 25.89 104.80 ± 31.54 134.3 ± 25.17 132.10 ± 28.11 available, it is clearly indicated that feeding practices followed in rural/urban areas of FGS and LDH districts of Punjab closely followed the trend of Bone (g) 18.18B ± 6.82 45.16a,A ± 19.19 15.71 ± 6.07 29.49b ± 17.11 food offered by the dog owners without much scientific feeding. Egg (g) 1.45 ± 0.19 1.10 ± 0.22 1.46 ± 0.19 1.28 ± 0.22 Keywords: Dog, Fatehgarh Sahib, Feeding practices, Ludhiana, Survey The estrus synchronizathod that synchronizes Figures with different superscripts in a row differ significantly (P0.05) ovulations is named briefly as “Ovsynch” (Pursley et al., The role of the companion animals is very crucial in proforma. X,Y depicts the significant difference in variable between urban areas of both districts. 1995). The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of human life as they provide a positive impact on both the Selection of dog owners: A total of 138 dog owners were a, b depicts the significant difference in variable between rural areas of both districts. different methods of estrus synchronisation protocols in emotional and physical health of people with sedentary surveyed from Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana district. The A,B depicts the significant difference in variable between urban and rural areas of both districts. crossbred postpartum cows. lifestyle. The use of nutritionally complete and balanced survey was conducted by visiting owner’s house and Fatehgarh Sahib (14.85 g), sweet consumption is higher in comparison to urban area (115.20 g) dogs. As far as the commercial diets has been cited as a contributing factor for MATERIAL AND METHODS district polyclinics. Data from both the districts were (P0.05) than urban areas of Ludhiana (7.14 g). Feeding of feeding of bones is concerned, the increase was in rural dog longer life spans in pets (Kraft, 1998). The incidence of uploaded and coded for analysis. Statistical analyses were chapatti, rice, dal and vegetables showed non-significant owners (45.16 g) as compared to urban dog owners (18.18 A total of 20 healthy crossbred cows at 60-90 days various health problems has been declined in pets fed a performed by use of SAS (2011) software. g). Non-significant (P0.05) differences were observed in commercial diet compared to pets fed homemade (P0.05) in both the districts. As far as the consumption of vegetable or raw meat diets (Rahaman and Yathiraj 2000). Source of food sample: The different dog food non vegetarian feedstuffs were concerned, it was observed rest of the parameters between rural and urban dog owners. More than 90% of dogs in the United States and Australia ingredients such as milk, chapatti, pulses, fruits, meat, that quantity of eggs, meat and bone offered to dogs, shows The perusal of the data for Ludhiana district showed consume commercial pet food for at least half their intake eggs, vegetables etc. were collected from the owner at no significant (P0.05) difference between both the districts. that there was significant (P0.05) difference in his/her location in an insulated container to maintain the (Lauamme et al., 2008). Indian household dog population The perusal of data with regard to rural dogs of consumption of milk products, chapatti and rice feeding freshness of food and were brought to the Department of is increasing by 26% every year and about 17% of the Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana districts (Table 1) shows between urban and rural dogs. The rural consumption of households own a pet dog. The dog population in Punjab is Animal Nutrition. A total of 14 samples were collected that there was non-significant (P0.05) differences in milk products showed similar trends as was in Fatehgarh 4,70,558 (Livestock Census. 2012). Currently, no data have from the owners of Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana districts consumption of milk and milk product in rural areas of the Sahib district. The dog owners of this district offered more been available regarding the nutritional and managemental of Punjab. both districts. The consumption of curd (279.49 ml) and (P0.05) milk products to their dogs in rural areas (357.70 practices adopted by dog owners in Fatehgarh Sahib and Analysis of Dog food samples: A complete diet was sweet (12.82 g) was highest (P 0.05) in rural areas of g) as compared to urban areas (150 g). The number of Ludhiana districts of Punjab. Therefore, this study was prepared according to their proportion in the diet of dog as  Ludhiana as compared to Fatehgarh Sahib district (180.40 chapattis offered was more in the rural (4.72) as compared planned with the objective to determine the nutritional and offered by their owner. The complete diet was dried and to urban dog owners (2.80). In rest of the other variables, managemental practices adopted by dog owners. converted to powder form and stored for analysis. The feed ml and 4.84 g, respectively). Number of chapatti offered to non-significant (P0.05) differences were observed MATERIALS AND METHODS samples were analyzed for proximate composition dog was more (P0.05) in rural areas of Ludhiana (4.72) as compared to rural areas of Fatehgarh Sahib (3.55), between rural and urban dog owners. Survey Proforma: A sample survey proforma was (moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total ash whereas, bone consumption was higher in Fatehgarh Sahib While scrutinizing the data, it was observed that, designed and pretested by conducting survey at TVCC, (TA), acid insoluble ash (AIA), crude fiber (CF), minerals (calcium and phosphorus), physicochemical properties than Ludhiana. Non-significant (P0.05) difference in interestingly 40.3% of population of Fatehgarh Sahib and GADVASU, Ludhiana. After thorough deliberations, a 40.8% of population of Ludhiana districts of Punjab offer well-designed questionnaire having quarries regarding the (pH, free fatty acids and peroxide value) and microbiological feeding of dal, rice, meat and egg was observed in rural counts (total plate count and coliform count). areas of both the districts. homemade feed to their dogs while 59.7% population of feeding practices followed by the dog owners such as kind Fatehgarh Sahib and 59.2% population of Ludhiana RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Feeding practices adopted by Urban and Rural dog of feed, quantity and number of times in a day feed was district offered both homemade and commercial feed to owners in Fatehgarh Sahib district is presented in Table 1. offered to a dog, vegetarian and non-vegetarian feedstuffs Analysis of the data of urban dogs (Table 1) of their pets. 31.3% of the population of Fatehgarh Sahib and Feeding practices of milk products, vegetables and bone etc. fed raw or cooked. Besides this, some managemental Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana district indicates that non- 36.5% of Ludhiana feed only vegetarian diet to their dogs and health aspect like, vaccinations, deworming, body significant (P0.05) difference was found in consumption showed significant (P0.05) difference in this district while 68.7% and 63.5 % of the population of Fatehgarh condition score etc. were also made part of this survey of milk, milk product and curd in urban areas of both the among rural and urban owners. The consumption of milk Sahib and Ludhiana districts offer mixed feed i.e. veg. as Corresponding author: [email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected] Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana districts. In urban areas of products was more (P0.05) in rural area (224.20 g) dogs well as non veg. feed. Similar results have been reported by

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CONTRIBUTORS MAY NOTE CONTRIBUTORS MAY NOTE l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians engaged in Veterinary Profession. engaged in Veterinary Profession. l Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscriptEditors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to l Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscript writing/submission. writing/submission. all the distinguished referees who helped us in the all the distinguished referees who helped us in the l Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of l Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. l Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick response. their valuable comments on the articles for timely their valuable comments on the articles for timely l Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick response. l We solicit your co-operation. publication of the journal. publication of the journal. l We solicit your co-operation. l All correspondence should be addressed to 'The Editor', Haryana Veterinarian, l All correspondence should be addressed to 'The Editor', Haryana Veterinarian, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar-125004. Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar-125004. Editors Editors

CONTRIBUTORS MAY NOTE THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN engaged in Veterinary Profession. CONTRIBUTORS MAY NOTE all the distinguished referees who helped us in the THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN l Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscript evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to writing/submission. l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to l Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of engaged in Veterinary Profession. extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give all the distinguished referees who helped us in the Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. l all the distinguished referees who helped us in the Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscript their valuable comments on the articles for timely evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. writing/submission. evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to l l Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of publication of the journal. extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give response. Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. their valuable comments on the articles for timely l We solicit your co-operation. l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. their valuable comments on the articles for timely publication of the journal. l All correspondence should be addressed to 'The Editor', Haryana Veterinarian, l Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick publication of the journal. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary response. Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar-125004. l We solicit your co-operation.

Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians engaged in Veterinary Profession. THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN all the distinguished referees who helped us in the CONTRIBUTORS MAY NOTE l Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscript Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to writing/submission. l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians engaged in Veterinary Profession. extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give l Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of all the distinguished referees who helped us in the Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to l Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscript their valuable comments on the articles for timely l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. writing/submission. extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give l publication of the journal. l Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of response. their valuable comments on the articles for timely Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. l We solicit your co-operation. publication of the journal. l All correspondence should be addressed to 'The Editor', Haryana Veterinarian, l Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary response. Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar-125004. l We solicit your co-operation.

Editors l All correspondence should be addressed to 'The Editor', Haryana Veterinarian, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar-125004. Editors THE HARYANA VETERINARIAN Editors/Editorial Board Members are highly thankful to all the distinguished referees who helped us in the evaluation of articles. We request them to continue to extend their co-operation and be prompt in future to give their valuable comments on the articles for timely publication of the journal.

CONTRIBUTORS MAY NOTE l Research/Clinical articles are invited for next issue from the Scientists/Veterinarians engaged in Veterinary Profession. l Please follow strictly the format of 'The Haryana Veterinarian' for manuscript writing/submission. l Please pay processing fee of Rs. 1000/- online in the account of Dean, College of Veterinary Sciences, along with each article. l After revision, please return the revised manuscript and rebuttal at the earliest. l Please mention your article reference number in all correspondence for a quick response. l We solicit your co-operation. l All correspondence should be addressed to 'The Editor', Haryana Veterinarian, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar-125004. Editors

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Haryana Vet. (Dec., 2019) 58(2), 166-169 Research Article

Fig. 1. Histogram depicting frequency distribution of animal right score of respondents

Figure 1: Cyclic conditions for PCR profiling for detection of Salmonella genes

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Haryana Vet. (Dec., 2019) 58(2), 166-169 Research Article

Fig. 1. Histogram depicting frequency distribution of animal right score of respondents

Figure 1: Cyclic conditions for PCR profiling for detection of Salmonella genes

Haryana Vet. (Dec., 2019) 58(2), 166-169 Research Article Seneviratne et al. (2016), in which homemade diets were During analysis of feed sample of Fatehgarh Sahib district, Table 2 shows that 70% of the feed samples do not fulfil the fed only to 42% of the dogs while commercial food it was found that 14.3% of feed samples were in range of Physio –chemical Properties of dog diet of Fatehgarh nutritional requirements (except fat) of dogs in Fatehgarh COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS FOR IMPROVING accounts for 18% and both of these diets were fed to 40% 18-22% protein, 14.3% were having more than 22% Sahib and Ludhiana districts of Punjab Sahib district. FERTILITY IN POSTPARTUM CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS of dogs. In another study, Laflamme et al. (2008) found protein and 71.4% were having less than 18% protein. Parameter Districts ACKNOWLEDGEMENT RATNAPARKHI A.R., DESHMUKH S.G.*, BIRADE H.S., KALE V.B., HARKAL S.B. and JADHAO A.D. that more than 90% of pet dogs were fed commercial Whereas, analysis of feed sample of Ludhiana district Fatehgarh Sahib Ludhiana The survey conducted as part of canine research Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, foods; however, non-commercial foods accounts to at least showed that 28.5% of feed samples were in range of 18- pH 2.97±0.16 4.13±0.12 centre under the subhead entitled “Nutritional and Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola-444104, India 25% of the diet for 17.3% of dogs. 23.6% of dogs were fed 22%, 57.2% were having more than 22% protein and Corresponding author: [email protected] FFA (<2%) 0.32±0.03 0.25±0.03 processing interventions for developing pet foods” under with bones or raw foods at least on weekly basis. 14.3% having less than 18% protein. Following fat Received: 20.03.2019; Accepted: 13.05.2019 PV (1-2) 1.00±0.14 0.51±0.10 the ageis of Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India. analysis of feed sample, it was noticed that 100% of the 182 The staple cereal used for feeding to dogs was same SPC (<7 log 10 cfu/gm) 2.55±0.10 2.40±0.07 Authors are thankful to Govt of India, Department of ABSTRACT feed samples of the Fatehgarh Sahib were having more as consumed by the local population. Hundred percent of Coliform (<3 log 10 cfu/gm) 1.16±0.30 1.17±0.22 Biotechnology for giving us such opportunity. The objective of present research work was to study the efficacy of two different synchronization protocols for improving the fertility in the dogs’ owners surveyed of Fatehgarh Sahib and 91.9% than 5% fat, whereas in Ludhiana district, 85.7% of the postpartum crossbred cows. A totah protocol induces better estrus response and first service conception rate in postpartum cows. feed samples were having more than 5% fat, only 14.3% samples were seen to have less than 0.3% phosphorus and REFERENCES of Ludhiana feed chapatti to their dogs however, only 14.3% had more than 0.3% phosphorus in Fatehgarh Sahib Keywords: Conception rate, Double PG, Ovsynch protocol 34.4% and 27% of the dog owners feed rice to pets of were having less than 5% fat. After fibre analysis, it was Davis, B.W., Alie, K., Fielding, W.J., Morters, M. and Galindo, F. observed that 71.4% of feed samples of Fatehgarh Sahib district, whereas 71.4% of the feed samples were having (2007). Preliminary observations on the characteristics of the Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana district (Fig. 1). Dodd et al. less than 0.3% phosphorus and 28.6 more than 0.3% owned dog population in Roseau, Dominica. J. Appl. Anim.Welf. district were having fiber less than 3.5%, 14.3% each of Sci. 10(2): 141-151. (2019) found that pet owners were more likely to be phosphorus in Ludhiana district. vegetarian or vegan than previously reported for members feed samples were having 3.5-6% and more than 6% fibre, Dodd, S.A., Cave, N.J., Adolphe, J.L., Shoveller, A.K. and Verbrugghe, of the general population because of their huge interest in respectively whereas, feed sample of Ludhiana district The dog feed samples collected from different areas A. (2019). Plant-based (vegan) diets for pets: A survey of pet of Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana districts were examined owner attitudes and feeding practices. PloS one 14(1): feeding plant-based diets. Other important staple food of showed that 28.6% were having fibre more than 6%, e0210806. for physico-chemical (pH, free fatty acids and peroxide The estrus synchronizathod that synchronizes the state, milk is offered by 81.2% dog owners to their pets 28.6% of feed sample were having fibre 3.5-6% and 42.8% Kraft, W. (1998). Geriatrics in canine and feline internal medicine. ovulations is named briefly as “Ovsynch” (Pursley et al., in Fatehgarh Sahib district and 75.7% in Ludhiana district. were having fibre less than 3.5%. As far as calcium and value) and microbiological (Standard Plate Count, SPC Europ. J. Med. Res. 3(1-2): 31–41. 1995). The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Seneviratne et al. (2016) also reported that in addition to phosphorus is concerned, 14.3% of feed samples of and coliforms count) parameters. Texture analysis of dog diet Laflamme, D.P., Abood, S.K., Fascetti, A.J., Fleeman, L.M., Freeman, Fatehgarh Sahib district were having more than 0.5% was not performed as all ingredients of diet were mixed, L.M. and Michel, K.E. (2008). Pet feeding practices of dog and different methods of estrus synchronisation protocols in normal diet, forty-nine per cent of dogs were fed milk as a cat owners in the United States and Australia. J. Am. Vet. Med. crossbred postpartum cows. separate meal. As far as the egg feeding is concerned, calcium and 85.7% less than 0.5% calcium. 42.8% sample dried and powered. The data of dog samples (Table 2) Assoc. 232(5): 687–694. of Ludhiana district were having more than 0.5% calcium obtained from both the districts revealed the pH value below th MATERIAL AND METHODS 71.9% of the Fatehgarh Sahib dog owners fed eggs and Livestock, Census. (2012). 19 Indian Livestock Census. All India 48.4% fed meat to their dogs. 62.2% of Ludhiana dog owner and 57.2% samples less than 0.5% calcium, 85.7% of 4 i.e. the samples were having acidic nature which may be Report, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, A total of 20 healthy crossbred cows at 60-90 days due to the higher proportion of milk and milk products. Free Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, fed eggs and 54.1% fed meat to their dogs. Sapowicz et al. Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi. fatty acids and peroxide value were below the prescribed (2016) reported that 62% of the owners reported feeding Rahaman, S.A. and Yathiraj, S. (2000). Commercial versus traditional treats at least once daily and these include chews, limits which shows that the fat rancidity was very less which food in canine health. Comp. Cont. Edu. Practicing Vetern. 22: fruits/vegetables, meat/cheese, peanut butter, and others. might be due to good quality of different food ingredients S97. Davis et al. (2007) reported that 75% of the dogs were fed given to the dogs. The mean value of the microbiological Sapowicz, S.A., Linder, D.E. and Freeman, L.M. (2016). Body condition parameters such as SPC and Coliforms were also well scores and evaluation of feeding habits of dogs and cats at a low home-cooked dog food; 23% commercial dog food; 11.5% cost veterinary clinic and a general practice. Sci. World J. 2016: table scraps; 1.4% raw meat and 2.7% other diets. below the prescribed limits of the cooked dog foods. 1-7. Seneviratne, M., Subasinghe, D.W. and Watson, P.J. (2016). A survey of The dog food samples obtained from Fatehgarh As per the data available, it is concluded that mixed feed (>59%) is preferred choice by dog owners in pet feeding practices of dog owners visiting a veterinary practice Sahib and Ludhiana districts were analyzed for various in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Vet. Med. Sci. 2(2): 106-116. proximate parameters (Fig 2, 3). Fourteen feed samples Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana district. Chemical analysis were collected from urban and rural areas of both districts.

Fig. 2. Chemical analysis of feed: Ludhiana District (n=7)

Fig. 1. Percent usage of food items by dog owners of Fatehgarh Sahib Corresponding author: [email protected] and Ludhiana Fig. 3. Chemical analysis of feed: Fatehgarh Sahib District (n=7)

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Haryana Vet. (Dec., 2019) 58(2), 166-169 Research Article

Fig. 1. Histogram depicting frequency distribution of animal right score of respondents

Figure 1: Cyclic conditions for PCR profiling for detection of Salmonella genes

Fig. 2. Chemical analysis of feed: Ludhiana District (n=7)

Fig. 1. Percent usage of food items by dog owners of Fatehgarh Sahib Corresponding author: [email protected] and Ludhiana Fig. 3. Chemical analysis of feed: Fatehgarh Sahib District (n=7)

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