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Home , Amloh, Bassi Pathana, Dholewal, Fatehgarh Sahib, Fatehgarh Sahib district, Hussainpura

District Survey Report

FATEHGARH SAHIB()

Gurdawara Shri

AS PER NOTIFICATION NO. S.O. 141(E) NEW , THE 15TH JANUARY, 2016 OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, Prepared by : FOREST AND CLIMATE GENERAL MANAGER, CHANGE, GOVT. District Industries Centre, OF MANDIGOBINDGARH

Ph. 01765-253281, [email protected]

General Characteristics of the District

The came into existence on the festival day of Baisakhi on 13 April 1992. The name of the district is on the name of “Baba Ji” the youngest son of 10th Sikh Guru Ji. At this holy place Baba Zorawal Singh, Baba Feteh Singh both sons of Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the mother of Shri Gobind Singh Ji, ji, sacrificed their lives while fighting against the atrocities of Mugal Empire. Every year in the month of December a great fair “Shhidi Jormela” is held at Fetehgarh Sahib. The holy place of Muslims “Roja Sharif” is also situated at Fatehgarh Sahib, where lakhs of people come every year to pay their obeisance. , the Steel Town which was blessed by the sixth Guru of Shri Sahib as “Steel City” also falls in this district. Today this small city produces 25 percent of the total steel productions of India. Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind comprising of category III Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind town having Type B municipal status along with adjoining 132 villages covering an area of 33354 Hect. (as per revenue record) out of which 19.15sq.kms. is municipal area and the remaining is rural. According to 2001 census, the total population of L.P.A Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind was 149140 out of which 49825 was urban. Location & Geographical Area

Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind town is located on - National Highway no.1 and thus is well connected through road linkages to other important towns/cities of Punjab as well U.T. . The town lies between 76°-22’ E to 76°- 25’ E longitudes and 30°-36’ to N 30°-39’ N latitude. The town has one railway station on Delhi- broad-gauge double railway line and another on Sirhind- railway line. Present Land Use The preparation of Existing Land Use map was undertaken with the help of Punjab Remote Sensing Centre (PRSC), Ludhiana. The maps based on satellite imageries were updated by undertaking field surveys. Out of total LPA area i.e. 83165.37 acre(33670.19 hectares) (as per PRSC), 76725.69 acres (92.26%) is occupied by agricultural use followed by residential 3160.26 acres (3.8%), traffic and transportation 2107.14acre (2.53%), public semi/public 488.94 acre (0.59%), commercial 304acre (0.37%), industrial 147.60 acre(0.18%), governmental 142acre (0.17%) and recreational 46.18acre (0.5%)and heritage 43.56acre (0.05%). For Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind town, out of total area of 4730.17 acres (1915 hectares) 3184.94acre (67.33%) is occupied by rural agriculture, followed by residential use 570.42 acres(12.06%), traffic & transportation 335.92acres (7.10%), public and semi public 287.36acres (6.08%), commercial use 156.68 acres (3.31%), governmental 69.30acres (1.47%), recreational 44.43acres (0.94%), heritage 43.56 acres(0.92% and industrial use 37.56acres (0.79%). Transport Network The regional road network of LPA Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind comprises of National Highway-1 i.e. Ambala-Ludhiana G.T Road (NH-1) forming the major spine of this area. Apart from this major spine, State Highway 12A i.e. S.A.S. Nagar-Chunni-Sirhind Road (Schedule Road-31), Major District Road i.e. Sirhind- Road (MDR-31) and Bassi-Sirhind Road (MDR-31) are major roads of LPA. This road network defines the connectivity of the town with other parts of the country as well as state along with various village link roads. The total length of above major roads within M.Cl. limit is appx.12.52 kms and within the Local Planning Area, it is app. 54.21 kms. Inspite of adequate right of way of above major roads, numerous encroachments mainly within the municipal area have considerably reduced the usage/ efficiency of these major roads. Physical Infrastructure Keeping in view the growth of population of the town, five tube-wells (as per M.Cl records) were installed till today in order to meet the growing demand of water in the town. There is only one OHSR having water storage capacity of 2 lac gallons. For water supply, Municipal Council has divided the entire town of area 19.15 sq. kms into 17 wards. As per municipal sources, 70% of urban area is covered under water supply network, whereas rest of the 30% area is not yet served with water supply. As regards sewerage network 34% of the population of Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind town has access to sewerage system and rest 66% population is unserved. The sewage of this town is disposed off in Sirhind Choe. As regards storm water network, the Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind town has neither the provision of storm water network nor does it seem to be on the top priority list of Municipal Council.The collection and transportation of municipal solid waste is managed by the Municipal Council headed by the President. There are 40-45 solid waste collection points within M.Cl. area and solid waste collected is dumped in trenches in village Sheikhupura but this is not the form of sanitary land fill as required by the Municipal Solid Waste Rules of the Ministry of Environment and Forest. Environment The environment is more or less clean and clear due to absence of industries. The ground water is available at appx 400 feet and surface water available at appx 120 feet.

Location, General Boundaries and Total area of the District

Fatehgarh Sahib falls in the Patiala Division and lies between 30°-27’ and 30°-46’ North latitude & 76°-04’ and 76°-38’ East longitude. It lies in the south-eastern part of the state and is surrounded by Ropar, S.A.S Nagar, Ludhiana and Districts. Fatehgarh Sahib District comprises of 455 villages (450 inhabited and 5 uninhabited) spread over four Tehsils and one sub-tehsil viz. , Bassi-Pathana, Fatehgarh Sahib and Khamano and along with Sub-tehsil Gobindgarh of Tehsil Amloh. According to Director of land of records, Punjab, , the area of Fatehgarh sahib district during 2000-2001 was 1, 147, 79 sq.km which accounts approximately 2.34 percent of the area of the state. Fatehgarh Sahib district is the smallest district in the state in terms of area. The Tehsil wise area of Fatehgarh sahib district is given below:

Town Profile – Fatehgarh Sahib

Physiography

Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind L.P.A covers northern eastern part of Fatehgarh Sahib District and is a part of the great plains of . Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind forms a part of Punjab plain or Indo-Gangetic plain and is characterised by flat featureless surface with deposition of alluvial soils in recent geological past brought by river originationg in Himalayas. Basically it is a flat featureless plain but spaitial variation is also experienced in surface configuration.It is a gently sloping plain with elevations ranging from 273mts in north and 259 in south thus having a range of 14 metres only indicates gentle slope. It has a mean elevation of about 256m and gently slopes from North-East towards South-West. The elevations are higher in east than west. The terrain is flat and featureless. Being alluvial in origin, its soils are well drained and are very fertile. A favourable sub soil water condition has led to the development of tubewell irrigation.

Drainage system of L.P.A

1. Sirhind Choe : this is a major seasonal stream originating near Sirhind town from rain waters of the area. It flows through northwestern part of the district and then crossing through tehsil it enters the . 2. Sirhind Distributory : 3. Saidpura Minor : 4. Rajindergarh Minor : 5. Distributary : 6. Narainawala Choe : 7. Pataila ki Rao : Its also known as Patialawali Nadi and runs through southerneastern part of the district. This stream originates in Shiwalik Hills and after traversing through Kharar enters Fatehgarh Sahib Sirhind LPA from southwest part of district. It ultimately joins Ghaggar River after flowing in 8. Nirwana Branch : This is a distributary of main running down parallel to the National highway from southwest to southeast part of the Fatehgarh Sahib Sirhind LPA. 9. Tara Minor :

10. Sangatpura Minor :

Important Statistics

Stat Distric Number of Villages Total e 12,581 t 446 Inhabited 12,168 442 Uninhabited 413 4

Number of Towns Statutory 143 5 Census 74 -

Total 217 5

Number of Households Normal 5,486,851 117,464 Institutional 16,367 383 Houseless 9,853 253

Population Total Persons 27,743,338 600,163

Males 14,639,465 320,795 Females 13,103,873 279,368

Rural Persons 17,344,192 414,681 Males 9,093,476 220,050 Females 8,250,716 194,631

Urban Persons 10,399,146 185,482 Males 5,545,989 100,745 Females 4,853,157 84,737

Percentage Urban Population 37.48 30.91

Decadal Population Growth

2001-2011 Number Percentage Number Percentage Persons 3,384,339 13.89 61,693 11.46

Males 1,654,420 12.74 30,425 10.48 Females 1,729,919 15.21 31,268 12.60

Area (in sq Km.) 50362 1180.00

Density of Population (Persons 551 509 per sq Km.)

Sex Ratio Total 895 871 (Number of females per 1000 males) Rural 907 884 Urban 875 841

16 Important Statistics State District Number Percentage Number Percentage Literates Persons 18,707,137 75.84 426,033 79.35 Males 10,436,056 80.44 238,696 83.33 Females 8,271,081 70.73 187,337 74.80

Scheduled Castes Persons 8,860,179 31.94 192,493 32.07 Males 4,639,875 31.69 101,882 31.76 Females 4,220,304 32.21 90,611 32.43

Scheduled Tribes Persons - 0 - 0.00 Males - 0 - 0.00 Females - 0 - 0.00 Workers and Non-Workers Total Workers (Main and Persons 9,897,362 35.67 214,783 35.79 Marginal) Males 8,074,157 55.15 182,777 56.98 Females 1,823,205 13.91 32,006 11.46

(i) Main Workers Persons 8,450,936 30.46 192,845 32.13 Males 7,264,631 49.62 168,110 52.40 Females 1,186,305 9.05 24,735 8.85

(ii) Marginal Workers Persons 1,446,426 5.21 21,938 3.66 Males 809,526 5.53 14,667 4.57 Females 636,900 4.86 7,271 2.60

Non-Workers Persons 17,845,976 64.33 385,380 64.21 Males 6,565,308 44.85 138,018 43.02 Females 11,280,668 86.09 247,362 88.54 Category of Workers (Main & Marginal) (i) Cultivators Persons 1,934,511 19.55 44,245 20.60 Males 1,753,359 21.72 41,834 22.89 Females 181,152 9.94 2,411 7.53

(ii)Agricultural Labourers Persons 1,588,455 16.05 21,389 9.96 Males 1,239,445 15.35 19,159 10.48 Females 349,010 19.14 2,230 6.97

(iii)Workers in household Persons 385,960 3.9 8,048 3.75 industry Males 249,294 3.09 5,798 3.17 Females 136,666 7.5 2,250 7.03

(iv) Other Workers Persons 5,988,436 60.51 141,101 65.69 Males 4,832,059 59.85 115,986 63.46 Females 1,156,377 63.43 25,115 78.47

17 DISTRICT FATEHGARH SAHIB - CENSUS 2011

1. Fatehgarh Sahib district has a population of 6,00,163 comprising 3,20,795 males and 2,79,368 females . 2. Fatehgarh Sahib district ranks 19th in area and 19th in population. 3. Amloh is the most populous and is the least populous tahsil. 4. The average population size of a village in the district (938) is lower than that of the Sate (1,425). 5. (5,850) in Khamanontahsil is the largest village by population size followed by MugalMajra (4,889) in Amlohtahsil. 6. 1 village in the district is large sized with a population of 5,000 or above. 7. The decadal population growth rate in the district (11.5%) is lower than that of the State average (13.9%). 8. Fatehgarh Sahib district is less urbanised (30.9%) than the State (37.5%). 9. The sex ratio in the district (871) is lower than the State (895). It ranks 19th among the districts in the State. 10. The child sex ratio in the district (842) is lower than the State (846). It ranks 12th among the districts in the State. 11. Literacy rate of Fatehgarh Sahib is (79.4 percent) more as compared to State (75.8 percent).

Census 2011 Block Sirhind S.N. Name of the Village Hadbast No. Population 2011 1 2 3 4 1 147 1106 2 Ajnali 65 4364 3 Alipur Sodian 46 531 4 Amargarh/ Panjoli Khurd 271 558 5 Ambey Majra 69 1811 6 Araeen Majra 299 499 7 Attapur 324 955 8 Badhoshi Kalan 303 2829 9 Badhoshi Khurd 304 526 10 283 786 11 Balpur 341 1223 12 Barkatpur 151 775 13 Basantpura 343 411 14 Behlol pur 270 865 15 Bhal Majra 312 926 16 Bhamarsi Zer 57 1915 17 Bhamarsi Ucchi 52 1431 18 Bhatt Majra 144 745 19 Bibipur 148 662 20 Beer Bhamarsi 58 809 21 Buchre 152 982 22 Bullevas Mukanpura 291 255 23 Chaleri Kalan 274 1304 24 Chaleri Khurd/ Hasanpur 273 871 25 Chanalon 128 462 26 Chanarthal Kalan 320 3784 27 Chanarthal Khurd` 321 1684 28 Chanarthal Naubad 322 45 29 Channo 331 948 30 Dalo Majra 153 565 31 Dharonda 339 1063 32 Dittupur Fakiran 280 342 33 Fatehpur 39 390 34 Gunia Majra 330 659 35 Halotali 284 1142 36 Harbanspura 70 2091 37 305 991 38 Jago Chanarthal 281 808 39 Jakhwali 329 1361 40 Jallah 50 1745 41 Jalbera 154 1040 42 Jalberi Dhummi 156 154 43 Jalberi Gahilan 157 1328 44 Jhinjra 285 557 45 Jewanpura 265 374 46 Khroura 300 985 47 Khrouri 301 991 48 Khare 309 463 49 37 865 50 Khoje Majra 131 1233 51 Kotla Jattan 294 572 52 Kotla Suleman 145 367 53 Latour 298 1040 54 Longo Majri 150 261 55 Madhopur 141 837 56 Majra Nidhewal 48 310 57 Majjri Sodian 307 530 58 Malaheri 332 156 59 133 556 60 Malkomajra 129 904 61 Mande 45 513 62 Mianpur 266 598 63 Merpur 310 545 64 Muhamdipur 287 846 65 Mullanpur Kalan 40 562 66 Mullanpur Khurd 43 739 67 Mulepur 293 1491 68 149 1390 69 Nalina Kalan 326 1003 70 Nalina Khurd 296 565 71 Nalini 327 1545 72 Naraingarh Chchanna 290 758 73 Narainpur/ Chorwala 302 919 74 Noulakha 328 1125 75 Pandrali 323 1194 76 Panjola 295 657 77 Panjoli Kalan 297 999 78 Pola 272 1552 79 Rai Majra 127 77 80 Rajinder Nagar 342 759 81 Rampur Zadid 47 185 82 Reona Bhola 267 856 83 Reona Niwan 269 950 84 Reona Uchcha 268 1053 85 Rurki 325 2070 86 Saidpura 146 763 87 Saifalpur 292 605 88 Sangatpura Sodian 306 1459 89 Sanipur 132 2389 90 Sarana 340 897 91 143 30 92 Sekhupura 289 512 93 130 433 94 142 316 95 Sidwan 308 705 96 Sondha 49 851 97 Suhagheri 311 941 98 Sunderpura 51 23 99 Tana 288 564 100 Tarkhan Majra 134 1674 101 Wazir Nagar 41 574 102 Wazirabad 44 546 94975

Census 2011

Block Khamano S.N. Name of the Village Hadbast No. Population 2011 1 2 3 4 1 Ajner 205 1424 2 Amargarh 293 509 3 Amrala 303 1733 4 Badeshan Kalan 313 832 5 Badeshan Khurd 314 610 6 Badla 177 1233 7 Barwali Kalan 114 1560 8 Barwali Khurd 115 1752 9 Bathan Kalan 315 704 10 Bathan Khurd 314 922 11 Bod 184 770 12 Bhambri 318 1525 13 Bhamia 313 994 14 Bhari 195 2445 15 Bhatia 270 317 16 Bhuta 322 802 17 Bilaspur 317 800 18 Beer Ramgarh 319 132 19 Burj 181 767 20 Chandiala 291 678 21 Charri 323 2194 22 Dhanola 311 1151 23 Dhianu Majra 307 535 24 178 916 25 Dulwan 312 1025 26 Frour 299 2597 27 Gagarwal 288 1449

28 Hargana 179 1607 29 Hawara Kalan 315 2210 30 Jatana Niwan 297 1147 31 Jatana Uccha 298 1544 32 Kale Majra 289 546 33 Kale Majra 191 721 34 Kalewal 306 964 35 Khant 271 1526 36 Kheri Nodh Singh 185 1141 37 Kotla Ajner 206 1347 38 Kotla Badla 176 859 39 Kotla Masood 183 246 40 Lakhanpur 296 1662 41 Lohar 182 930 42 Maheshpura 305 1076 43 Majri 197 618 44 Mannpur 273 889 45 Mandera 295 945 46 Manela 312 1325 47 Manaili 310 979 48 Mansoorpur 294 1137 49 Meerpur 192 541 50 311 895 51 Muton 196 p/^uokr 52 Nangalan 316 981 53 Nanowal 99 1818 54 Panechan 309 916 55 Panjkoha 267 1273 56 Pole Majra 308 936 57 Prempura 284 249 58 193 829 59 Raipr Raian 290 1116 60 Ramgarh 292 640 61 Ranwan 304 1262 62 Ratangarh 309 1456 63 Ria 321 979 64 Sadipur 268 361 65 Saidpura 194 1027 66 Samashpur Singha 289 1213 67 Sandari Majra 285 710 68 Sanghol 310 5850 69 Sidhupur Kalan 286 1005 70 Sidhupur Khurd 287 465 71 Suhavi 180 1125 72 Thikriwal 320 993 73 Todarpur 269 468 Total 80903

Census 2011 Block Khera S.N. Name of the Village Hadbast No. Population 2011 1 2 3 4 1 Aniaatpura 118 741 2 Attewali 111 Bey-Charag 3 Badali Ala Singh 222 1984 4 Badali Mai Ki 249 778 5 Balara 117 865 6 Balari Kalan 165 1707 7 Balari Khurd 168 613 8 Balari Khurd 236 980 9 Bhaganpur 303 509 10 Bhagatpura 235 590 11 Bhagrana 247 2851 12 Bhaini Kalan 260 650 13 Bhainikhurd 261 214 14 Bhaironpur 114 447 15 Bhuakheri 230 464 16 Bibipur 224 765 17 Beero Majri 242 253 18 Bambeymajra 167 160 19 Boraan 120 632 20 Baraas 256 2264 21 Chorti Kheri 254 425 22 Chunni Kalan 62 2813 23 Chunni Khurd 61 1998 24 Dadumajra 246 1586 25 Dufaira 172 923 26 Dangerian 162 1089 27 Dolatpur 232 150 28 Dheerpur 121 743 29 Dholan 259 370 30 Dubali 163 868 31 Gadhera 304 824 32 Garolian 241 899 33 Ghel 219 1227 34 Hansali 160 802 35 Haripur 251 248 36 Harna 253 713 37 Hindupur 223 878 38 Iserhel 166 967 39 Jameetgarh 225 742 40 Jhampur 229 1318 41 Kalemajra 220 353 42 Kasumbri 217 1040 43 Khanpur Bhellan 302 1064 44 Khera 164 1060 45 Kotla Bhai Ki 258 723 46 Kotla Bajwara 115 1394 47 Kotla Bhia Ka 140 394 48 Kotla Faazal 171 1109 49 Loha Kheri 250 528 50 Mandofal 124 1374 51 Manhera Jattan 226 734 52 Manupur 116 1078 53 Mathi 158 964 54 Mehdoodan 237 287 55 Mehmoodpur 170 1535 56 231 468 57 Mukaronpur 221 614 58 Nadiali 227 503 59 Naraingarh 257 209 60 Naraina 245 524 61 Niamumajra 218 313 62 Pamour 214 1331 63 Patarsi Kalan 262 419 64 Patarsi Khurd 264 267 65 Patton 244 744 66 Pawala 243 1974 67 Peerjain 169 799 68 Rajindergarh 263 1630 69 Ramgarh Sainia 161 621 70 Rampur 228 1109 71 Rampur Noubad 159 123 72 Randhawa 120 816 73 Raseedpur 119 371 74 Rasoolpur 234 1372 75 Sadugarh 155 157 76 Saddo Majra 123 882 77 Slempur 255 695 78 Saimpla 63 873 79 Saimpli 215 1243 80 Sarkapra 63 636 81 Samsher Nagar 139 239 82 Sindran 252 463 83 233 386 84 Timberpur 242 949 Total 71417

Block- S.N. Name of the Village Hadbast No. Population 2011 1 2 3 4 1 Abdullapur 80 649 2 Alampur 93 220 3 Badwala 195 726 4 Bag Sikander 77 1281 5 Baher 178 1245 6 Bassi 103 607 7 Behrampur 82 704 8 Bhanguan 186 494 9 Bhatheri 199 1371 10 Bhuchi 87 286 11 Dadiana 306 878 12 Dadiani 216 21 13 Damheri 188 985 14 Dedran 100 515 15 Dera Meer Meeran 76 784 16 Dhoonda 84 785 17 Fatehpur Raian 108 760 18 Fatehpur Jattan 92 871 19 Ferozpur 78 1367 20 Gandua Kalan 91 916 21 Ghumangarh 176 1014 22 Gopalon 183 1135 23 Gunia majri 177 321 24 Hajipur 83 218 25 Harlalpura 72 855 26 Harnam Nagar 105 174 27 Himatpura 198 206 28 Husainpura 99 272 29 Jai Singh wala 189 331 30 Jandali 75 752 31 Jawanda 197 691 32 174 363 33 Kajjalmajra 372 365 34 Kaloundi 97 743 35 Kalour 182 2106 36 Kamali 213 1124 37 Kandipur 98 65 38 Kareempura 190 257 39 Kalaspur 79 1199

40 Khanpur 126 1110 41 Kheri Bhai Ki 188 422 42 Kheri Beer Singh 308 640 43 Khudadpur 90 219 44 Kisanpura 96 539 45 Kotla 184 762 46 Ladpuri 189 440 47 Lachmangarh 196 52 48 Lohari Kalan 86 1276 49 Loolon 311 1221 50 Mahadian 109 1453 51 Mainmajri 309 1027 52 Majri Ajeem 71 271 53 Mandla 102 1032 54 Marwa 185 866 55 Mehdoodan 81 574 56 Mehmoodpur 175 579 57 Meerpur 112 510 58 Mugalmajra 190 8 59 Mullanpur Saadak 312 586 60 Mullanpur Saadak 186 647 61 Mustfabad 85 892 62 Nahanheri 191 257 63 Nandpur 181 2880 64 Nanowal 193 341 65 Narsinghpura 192 137 66 Narainpura /Sekhupura 135 675 67 Nougawan 95 1248 68 Raipur Gujran 113 629 69 Raili 173 919 70 Railon 305 1373 71 Ramgarh 187 133 72 Rampur Kaleran 94 399 73 Rasoolpur 101 436 74 Rupalheri 307 1120 75 Saadakpur 110 281 76 Shaheedgarh 107 1113 77 Sehjadpur 179 576 78 Sehjadpur 73 426 79 Shergarh Bara 212 517 80 Shivdaspur 180 194 81 Sikanderpur 194 269 82 Sirhiind Rural 125 121 83 Tlanian 104 281 84 74 1401 85 Thablan 89 911 86 Uddalpur 187 467 87 Wazidpur 88 886 60772

Distt Fatehgarh Sahib

S.N. Name of City Population 2011 1 2 3 1 Amloh 14696 2 Bassi Pathana 20288 3 Khamano 10135 4 Mandi Gobindgarh 82266 5 Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib 58097 Total 185482

Arithmetical Increase Method

This method based on the assumption that the population in increasing at a constant rate. Rate of change of population with time is constant. dp= C (a constant) dt P2 – P1 = C (t2 – t1) Where P1 = Population at the time t1 first census P2= Population at the time t2 last census The value of ‘C’ is determined. Population after ‘n’ decades can be determined by Pn = P + nc

ENVIRONMENT Introduction Environment concerns came to be highlighted in India only from the 1970s onward, when the progress of development in general, and the increasing pace of industrialization in particular, began to leave visible adverse environment impact. The National Policy on environment was formulated with the following main objectives mentioned below: (i) To ensure sustained and equitable use of resources for meeting the basic needs of the present and future generations without causing damage to the environment. (ii) To prevent and control further deterioration in land, water and air which constitute our life support system. (iii) To take steps for restoration of ecologically degraded areas and for environmental improvement in our rural and urban settlements. (iv) To conserve and nurture the biological diversity and resources through environmentally sustainable development and management of ecosystems with special emphasis on our mountains, marine and coastal desert, wetlands and riverine ecosystems. 10.1.2 Environment Protection has emerged as a biggest challenge to the human society in the recent times. Where, industrialization is the answer to the ever increasing needs of growing population for the survival of human race, at the same time, preservation of the natural resources, control of pollution are the need of hour. We need to follow the path of sustainable development in harmony with the environment. Reuse, recycling & re-circulation are the necessities to reduce waste/ pollutants to minimize environmental pollution. In order to have uniform laws, all over the country for broad environmental issues endangering the health & safety of our people as well as of our flora and fauna and also to check environmental degradation, the Parliament of India has enacted the following laws. 1. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended to date. 2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977. 3. The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended to date. The aforesaid laws have been adopted by the Govt. of Punjab to control environmental pollution in the State. Punjab Pollution Control Board has been entrusted the task of implementation of environmental laws in the State of Punjab and District Fatehgarh Sahib falls under the Jurisdiction of Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Fatehgarh Sahib- Sirhind.

Quality of underground water

In the Fatehgarh Sahib, LPA the depth of shallow tube wells range from 70 feet to 280 feet, 32 numbers of samples were collected during random sampling from different existing shallow tube wells ranging from 70 feet to 280 feet in depth from different villages. These samples were got chemically analyzed for the following parameters:

Co32-; Hco3-; Ca+Mg; cl-; RSc; Ec; & ph. The results of the chemical analysis revealed that the ground water quality (from irrigation point of view) is generally fit in all the blocks of Fatehgarh Sahib District. In order to study the groundwater contamination due to effluents released by different industries, ground water monitoring was done at Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind under the project of Central Pollution Control Board, . Five number Groundwater stations (hand pumps) were selected for collecting monthly ground water samples during the year 1994. The study showed that the groundwater at the shallow level contains quantities of more than the permissible limits which is due to the effluents from the chemical fertilizers, etc. In Fatehgarh Sahib-Sirhind town, the number of industries is very negligible and these are non-polluted type of industries so industries are not participating as major polluter of the city environments. Impact of pollution has been witnessed in the town in the form of quality of water including both surface and underground, noise pollution, degradation of the natural resources, etc. These environmental problems are at its minimal stage except water, calling for an immediate action. The intensity of the pollution in terms of water have been evaluated than the water and noise in order to clearly understand the level and causes of pollution existing within the town so that appropriate strategies are put in place to tackle the problem of pollution.

Topography

The topography of the district is even. It is mostly a plain of alluvial type. It also has loam to heavy loam and sand to sandy loam soils in certain parts of the district. Soil is rich in nutrients and suitable for crops like wheat, Paddy, Oil seeds, Sugar Cane, Potato and vegetables etc.

Availability of Minerals

The district is poor as regards mineral wealth. A few minor minerals are, however, found in the district like Ordinary Earth and Brick Earth . There is no sand , gravels and other minor minerals found in this district. Sand and gravel

Groundwater.

Water bearing formations in the area mainly include fine to medium grained sand or sand with little admixture of clay. At shallow depth the ground water occurs under unconfined water table conditions and in deeper aquifers occurs under confined conditions. The depth to ground water table in the area ranges from 4.05 m below ground level (mbgl) in the central to 18.10 mbgl in the north eastern parts. The quality of ground water in shallow aquifers confirm to maximum permissible limits for drinking water standards except along western part where high values of fluoride (1.5 to 2.10 ppm) have been noticed and in central Fatehgarh Sahib showing high values of sodium, zinc, iron, sulphate, nitrate and chloride. The deeper waters in general are found to be suitable for irrigation and domestic purposes.

Forest

An area of 20 sq. km. is covered under protected forests, which is 0.40% of the total forest area of the State. It also shows that the district is lacking in forest resource. There is no wild life area

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

In Distt. Fatehgarh Sahib, the climate is warm and temperate. The summers are much rainier than the winters. The average annual temperature in Fatehgarh Sahib is 24.03°C. Precipitation here averages 770 mm. With an average temperature of 33.6°C, June is the warmest month. The lowest average temperature in the year occur in January, when it is around 13.3°C. The precipitation varies 252 mm between the driest month and the wettest month. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 20.3°C. The average rainfall for the last four years i.e. 2010 to 2014 in the District are as under:-

Average Annual Rainfall:

Year Average of Rainfall 2010 304.9 mm 2011 614.5 mm 2012 64.9 mm 2013 695.3 mm 2014 264.3mm

Whereas overall annual average rainfall of Punjab for the above said years are as under:-

Year Average of Rainfall 2010 459.2 mm 2011 459.3 mm 2012 263.2 mm 2013 479.7 mm 2014 243.9mm

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