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An Ecomorphological Analysis of Locomotion in Larvae and Neotenes of Two Salamander Species: Dicamptodon Tenebrosus (Stream-Type) and Ambystoma Gracile (Pond-Type)
AN ECOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LOCOMOTION IN LARVAE AND NEOTENES OF TWO SALAMANDER SPECIES: DICAMPTODON TENEBROSUS (STREAM-TYPE) AND AMBYSTOMA GRACILE (POND-TYPE). By Ethan Snee A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. John O. Reiss, Committee Chair Dr. Sharyn Marks, Committee Member Dr. Justus Ortega, Committee Member Dr. Micaela Szykman Gunther, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator December 2020 ABSTRACT AN ECOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LOCOMOTION IN LARVAE AND NEOTENES OF TWO SALAMANDER SPECIES: DICAMPTODON TENEBROSUS (STREAM-TYPE) AND AMBYSTOMA GRACILE (POND-TYPE). Ethan Snee Morphology is the physical expression of a species’ evolutionary history and adaptation to its environment and as such is tied to ecology. Salamander larvae have historically been separated into "pond-type" and "stream-type" groups based on their morphology, however no studies have been performed quantifying the relationship between morphology and ecology. In this study I utilized in-situ behavioral observations, morphological measurements, and in-lab performance tests of Dicamptodon tenebrosus (stream-type) and Ambystoma gracile (pond-type) to examine the relationship between salamander larval morphology and ecology. In the field, behavior was videorecorded during nighttime surveys; afterwards animals were captured and limb measurements were taken. Flow resistance was measured in the lab using a flow chamber and water velocity meter. Swim escapes were videorecorded in lab trials and analyzed using video analysis software. In the field, aquatic walking was the predominant form of movement observed in D. tenebrosus, constituting 98.1 percent of all movements; by contrast, aquatic walking made up only 65.4 percent of all movements in A. -
List of Animal Species with Ranks October 2017
Washington Natural Heritage Program List of Animal Species with Ranks October 2017 The following list of animals known from Washington is complete for resident and transient vertebrates and several groups of invertebrates, including odonates, branchipods, tiger beetles, butterflies, gastropods, freshwater bivalves and bumble bees. Some species from other groups are included, especially where there are conservation concerns. Among these are the Palouse giant earthworm, a few moths and some of our mayflies and grasshoppers. Currently 857 vertebrate and 1,100 invertebrate taxa are included. Conservation status, in the form of range-wide, national and state ranks are assigned to each taxon. Information on species range and distribution, number of individuals, population trends and threats is collected into a ranking form, analyzed, and used to assign ranks. Ranks are updated periodically, as new information is collected. We welcome new information for any species on our list. Common Name Scientific Name Class Global Rank State Rank State Status Federal Status Northwestern Salamander Ambystoma gracile Amphibia G5 S5 Long-toed Salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum Amphibia G5 S5 Tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum Amphibia G5 S3 Ensatina Ensatina eschscholtzii Amphibia G5 S5 Dunn's Salamander Plethodon dunni Amphibia G4 S3 C Larch Mountain Salamander Plethodon larselli Amphibia G3 S3 S Van Dyke's Salamander Plethodon vandykei Amphibia G3 S3 C Western Red-backed Salamander Plethodon vehiculum Amphibia G5 S5 Rough-skinned Newt Taricha granulosa -
0189 Xantusia Henshawi.Pdf (296.1Kb)
189.1 REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: XANTUSIIDAE XANTUSIA HENSHA WI Catalogue of Am.erican Am.phihians and Reptiles. sequently (Van Denburgh, 1922) placed Z ablepsis henshavii in the synonymy ofX. henshawi Stejneger. Cope (1895b) described, LEE, JULIANC. 1976. Xantusia henshawi. but failed to name a supposedly new species of Xantusia. In a later publication (Cope, 1895c) he corrected the oversight, and named Xantusia picta. Van Denburgh (1916) synonymized Xantusia henshawi Stejneger picta with X. henshawi, and traced the complicated history of Granite night lizard the type-specimen . Xantusia henshawi Stejneger, 1893:467. Type-locality, "Witch • ETYMOLOGY.The specific epithet honors H. W. Henshaw. Creek, San Diego County, California." Holotype, U. S. Nat. According to Webb (1970), "The name bolsonae refers to the Mus. 20339, collected in May 1893 by H. W. Henshaw (Holo• geographic position of this race in a southern outlier of the type not seen by author). Bolson de Mapimi." Zablepsis henshavii: Cope, 1895a:758. See NOMENCLATURAL HISTORY. 1. Xantusia henshawi henshawi Stejnege •. Xantusia picta Cope, 1895c:859. Type-locality, "Tejon Pass, California," probably in error, corrected by Van Denburgh Xantusia henshawi Stejneger, 1893:467. See species account. Xantusia henshawi henshawi: Webb, 1970:2. First use of tri- (1916:14) to Poway, San Diego County, California. Holotype, nomial. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia 12881 (Malnate, 1971), prob• ably collected by Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell (see NOMENCLATURAL • DEFINITIONANDDIAGNOSIS. The mean snout-vent length HISTORY). in males is 56 mm., and in females 62 mm. Distinct post• • CONTENT. Two subspecies are recognized: henshawi and orbital stripes are usually absent, and the dorsal color pattern bolsonae. -
2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon
INFORMATION REPORTS NUMBER 2010-05 FISH DIVISION Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and services on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex or disability. If you believe that you have been discriminated against as described above in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information, please contact ADA Coordinator, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 3406 Cherry Drive NE, Salem, OR, 503-947-6000. This material will be furnished in alternate format for people with disabilities if needed. Please call 541-757-4263 to request 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon Sharon E. Tippery Brian L. Bangs Kim K. Jones Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Corvallis, OR November, 2010 This project was financed with funds administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants under contract T-17-1 and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Citation: Tippery, S. E., B. L Bangs and K. K. Jones. 2010. 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon. Information Report 2010-05, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis. CONTENTS FIGURES....................................................................................................................................... -
Comparative Osteology and Evolution of the Lungless Salamanders, Family Plethodontidae David B
COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS, FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE DAVID B. WAKE1 ABSTRACT: Lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae comprise the largest and most diverse group of tailed amphibians. An evolutionary morphological approach has been employed to elucidate evolutionary rela tionships, patterns and trends within the family. Comparative osteology has been emphasized and skeletons of all twenty-three genera and three-fourths of the one hundred eighty-three species have been studied. A detailed osteological analysis includes consideration of the evolution of each element as well as the functional unit of which it is a part. Functional and developmental aspects are stressed. A new classification is suggested, based on osteological and other char acters. The subfamily Desmognathinae includes the genera Desmognathus, Leurognathus, and Phaeognathus. Members of the subfamily Plethodontinae are placed in three tribes. The tribe Hemidactyliini includes the genera Gyri nophilus, Pseudotriton, Stereochilus, Eurycea, Typhlomolge, and Hemidac tylium. The genera Plethodon, Aneides, and Ensatina comprise the tribe Pleth odontini. The highly diversified tribe Bolitoglossini includes three super genera. The supergenera Hydromantes and Batrachoseps include the nominal genera only. The supergenus Bolitoglossa includes Bolitoglossa, Oedipina, Pseudoeurycea, Chiropterotriton, Parvimolge, Lineatriton, and Thorius. Manculus is considered to be congeneric with Eurycea, and Magnadig ita is congeneric with Bolitoglossa. Two species are assigned to Typhlomolge, which is recognized as a genus distinct from Eurycea. No. new information is available concerning Haptoglossa. Recognition of a family Desmognathidae is rejected. All genera are defined and suprageneric groupings are defined and char acterized. Range maps are presented for all genera. Relationships of all genera are discussed. -
Vernacular Name AMPHIUMA, ONE-TOED (Aka: Congo Eel, Congo Snake, Ditch Eel, Fish Eel and Lamprey Eel)
1/6 Vernacular Name AMPHIUMA, ONE-TOED (aka: Congo Eel, Congo Snake, Ditch Eel, Fish Eel and Lamprey Eel) GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Eastern Gulf coast. HABITAT Wetlands: slow moving or stagnant freshwater rivers/streams/creeks and bogs, marshes, swamps, fens and peat lands. CONSERVATION STATUS IUCN: Near Threatened (2016). Population Trend: Decreasing. Because of the limited extent of its occurrence and because of the declining extent and quality of its habitat, this species is close to qualifying for Vulnerable. COOL FACTS Amphiumas are commonly known as "Congo eels," a misnomer. First of all, amphiumas are amphibians, rather than fish (which eels are). This notwithstanding, amphiumas bear resemblance to the elongate fishes. It is easy to overlook the diminutive legs, and the lack of any external gills adds to the similarity between the amphiumas and eels. Amphiumas are adapted for digging and tunneling. They seem to spend most of the time in muddy burrows and are rarely observed in the wild. They never fully metamorphose and retain larval characteristics in varying degrees into adulthood: one pair of the larval gill slits is retained and never disappears, no eyelids, no tongue and the presence of 4 gill arches with a single respiratory opening between the 3 rd--4th arches. Amphiumas have two pairs of limbs, and the three species, all of which occur in the S.E. U.S, differ in regard to the number of toes at the ends of these limbs: one, two or three. These amphiumas possess tiny, single-toed limbs, one pair just behind the small gill opening at each side of the neck and another pair just ahead of the longitudinal anal slit . -
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica. -
AMPHIBIANS of OHIO F I E L D G U I D E DIVISION of WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION
AMPHIBIANS OF OHIO f i e l d g u i d e DIVISION OF WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Amphibians are typically shy, secre- Unlike reptiles, their skin is not scaly. Amphibian eggs must remain moist if tive animals. While a few amphibians Nor do they have claws on their toes. they are to hatch. The eggs do not have are relatively large, most are small, deli- Most amphibians prefer to come out at shells but rather are covered with a jelly- cately attractive, and brightly colored. night. like substance. Amphibians lay eggs sin- That some of these more vulnerable spe- gly, in masses, or in strings in the water The young undergo what is known cies survive at all is cause for wonder. or in some other moist place. as metamorphosis. They pass through Nearly 200 million years ago, amphib- a larval, usually aquatic, stage before As with all Ohio wildlife, the only ians were the first creatures to emerge drastically changing form and becoming real threat to their continued existence from the seas to begin life on land. The adults. is habitat degradation and destruction. term amphibian comes from the Greek Only by conserving suitable habitat to- Ohio is fortunate in having many spe- amphi, which means dual, and bios, day will we enable future generations to cies of amphibians. Although generally meaning life. While it is true that many study and enjoy Ohio’s amphibians. inconspicuous most of the year, during amphibians live a double life — spend- the breeding season, especially follow- ing part of their lives in water and the ing a warm, early spring rain, amphib- rest on land — some never go into the ians appear in great numbers seemingly water and others never leave it. -
TRAPPING SUCCESS and POPULATION ANALYSIS of Siren Lacertina and Amphiuma Means
TRAPPING SUCCESS AND POPULATION ANALYSIS OF Siren lacertina AND Amphiuma means By KRISTINA SORENSEN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my committee members Lora Smith, Franklin Percival, and Dick Franz for all their support and advice. The Department of Interior's Student Career Experience Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative provided funding for this project. I thank those involved with these programs who have helped me over the last three years: David Trauger, Ken Dodd, Jamie Barichivich, Jennifer Staiger, Kevin Smith, and Steve Johnson. Numerous people helped with field work: Audrey Owens, Maya Zacharow, Chris Gregory, Matt Chopp, Amanda Rice, Paul Loud, Travis Tuten, Steve Johnson, and Jennifer Staiger, Lora Smith, and the UF Wildlife Field Techniques Courses of2001-2002. Paul Moler and John Jensen provided advice and shared their wealth of herpetological knowledge. I thank the staff of Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and Steve Coates, manager of the Ordway Preserve, for their assistance on numerous occasions and for permission to conduct research on their property. Marinela Capanu of the IFAS Statistical Consulting Unit assisted with statistical analysis. Julien Martin, Bob Dorazio, Rob Bennets, and Cathy Langtimm provided advice on population analysis. I also thank the administrative staff of the Florida Caribbean Science Center and the Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. I am much indebted to all of these people, without whom this thesis would not have been possible. -
Invited Review the Phylogenetic Odyssey of the Erythrocyte. IV. The
Histol Histopathol (1997) 12: 147-170 Histology and 001: 10.14670/HH-12.147 Histopathology http://www.hh.um.es From Cell Biology to Tissue Engineering Invited Review The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. IV. The amphibians C.A. Glomski, J. Tamburlin, R. Hard and M. Chainani State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA Summary. Amphibians mani fes t permanently nucleated , Introduction oval. flatte ned , biconvex ery throcytes. These cell s demonstrate a cytoskeleton which is responsible for their H e moglo bin is a n unique, a nc ie nt respirato ry morphogeneti c conversion from a sphere to an ellipse me ta ll o -pig m e nt w hose s pec ia li zed func ti o ns a nd imparts to the ir cellular m ass revers ibility of a re d e mo ns tra bly e nha nced by it s m ic ro traumati c deformati o n. The class Amphibia has the environmentali zati on in a passive-flowi ng, circulating largest of all erythrocytes attaining volumes greater than cell as opposed to free physical solution in the plasma as 10,000 fe mto lite rs in the Amphiuma. The la rge seen at the in vertebrate level (Glomski and Tamburlin, dimensions re fl ect evolutionary processes, genomic size, 1989). The degree of its polymeri zati on, association with plo id y a nd the re lative size of o the r somati c cell s. interactive enzyme syste ms, and the structure o f it s Conversely, the ery throcyte count a nd he mog lobin globin chains confe r upon the compound a spectrum of concentrat io n of these spec ies are low. -
Recovery Strategy for the Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus) in British Columbia
British Columbia Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy for the Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in British Columbia Prepared by the Pacific Giant Salamander Recovery Team April 2010 About the British Columbia Recovery Strategy Series This series presents the recovery strategies that are prepared as advice to the Province of British Columbia on the general strategic approach required to recover species at risk. The Province prepares recovery strategies to meet its commitments to recover species at risk under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk in Canada, and the Canada – British Columbia Agreement on Species at Risk. What is recovery? Species at risk recovery is the process by which the decline of an endangered, threatened, or extirpated species is arrested or reversed, and threats are removed or reduced to improve the likelihood of a species’ persistence in the wild. What is a recovery strategy? A recovery strategy represents the best available scientific knowledge on what is required to achieve recovery of a species or ecosystem. A recovery strategy outlines what is and what is not known about a species or ecosystem; it also identifies threats to the species or ecosystem, and what should be done to mitigate those threats. Recovery strategies set recovery goals and objectives, and recommend approaches to recover the species or ecosystem. Recovery strategies are usually prepared by a recovery team with members from agencies responsible for the management of the species or ecosystem, experts from other agencies, universities, conservation groups, aboriginal groups, and stakeholder groups as appropriate. What’s next? In most cases, one or more action plan(s) will be developed to define and guide implementation of the recovery strategy. -
SWPARC Regional Priority Species List – June 2013
Southwest Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Regional Priority Species Prepared by: Lawrence L. C. Jones and J Tomasz Giermakowski with input from SWPARC members June 2013 Introduction Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) is an umbrella group of federal, state, and local agencies and non-government entities devoted to the conservation of herpetofauna. While it focuses on the United States of America, the organization also has an active outreach to bordering countries (Canada and Mexico) as well as the Caribbean. The PARC’s mission is “to conserve amphibians and reptiles and their habitats as integral parts of our ecosystem and culture through proactive and coordinated public-private partnerships.” PARC is dedicated to conserving rare species and keeping common species common. More information on PARC can be found at www.PARCplace.org PARC is divided into five geographic regions: • Northwest • Southwest • Midwest • Southeast • Northeast There are two commonly used delineations of the PARC regions. One of the maps is of the “member” states belonging to the region and the other is an ecological boundary map that crosses state and national boundaries. Each map has its purposes. For example, the state delineation is important for regional meetings and mailing lists. The ecological boundary map is important for regional outreach to other states and countries, and recognizes ecological provinces rather than the artificial construct of political boundaries. For the Regional Priority Species list, both are important, and were used in the process for species selection, as described below. SWPARC Regional Priority Species List – June 2013 Each PARC region has a Regional Priority Species (RPS) list.