SOCIETAS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE
MONOGRAPHIAE BOTANICAE
Journal of the Polish Botanical Society
MACROFUNGI OF RAISED AND TRANSITIONAL BOGS OF POMERANIA
MAŁGORZATA STASIŃ SKA
Vol. 101 ŁÓ DŹ 2011 INDEXED IN BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS AND ZOOLOGICAL RECORD
Sold and distributed by The Head Board of Polish Botanical Society Al. Ujazdowskie 4 PL 00 478 Warszawa phone +(22) 553 05 32, e mail: ptb [email protected] http://ptb.ib pan.krakow.pl/PL/czasopisma.php
CONTENTS
1. Introduction ...... 5 2. Study area ...... 7 3. Material and methods ...... 13 4. Results. Macroscopic fungi in peatland communities of Pomerania ...... 27 4.1. Macromycetes in non-forest peatland communities ...... 27 4.2. Macromycetes in forest peatland communities ...... 34 4.3. Bioecological groups of fungi and peatland communities ...... 37 4.4. Macromycetes of peatland communities: a comparative analysis ...... 39 4.5. Mycological similarity of the phytocoenoses ...... 40 4.6. Mycological differentiation of the phytocoenoses ...... 41 7KHLQÁXHQFHRIVHOHFWHGHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUVRQWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIIXQJL ...... 46 4.8. Geographic and ecological analysis of selected species of peatland fungi in Pomerania ...... 50 5. Results review and discussion ...... 59 5.1. Macromycetes of peatland communities: Pomerania and other regions in Poland ...... 59 5.2. Indicator value of macroscopic fungi in peatland communities ...... 62 5.3. The role of fungi in peatland communities ...... 64 5.4. Environmental factors and macromycete diversity in peatland phytocoenoses ...... 65 6. Summary of results and conclusions ...... 67 7. References ...... 69 *U]\E\PDNURVNRSRZHWRUIRZLVNZ\VRNLFKLSU]HMğFLRZ\FK3RPRU]D VWUHV]F]HQLH ...... 81 Appendix 1. Vegetation and macroscopic fungi at the research plots ...... 87 Appendix 2. A list of macromycete species of raised and transitional bogs in Pomerania ...... 121 Appendix 3. Cartogram maps of distribution of macroscopic fungi of raised and transitional bogs in Pomerania ...... 131 ABSTRACT
0DâJRU]DWD 67$6,Ĕ6.$. Macrofungi of raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania. Monogr. Bot., Vol. 101, pp. 142, 2011.
7KHP\FRORJ\RISHDWODQGVZLWKWKHLUVSHFLÀFSODQWFRPPXQLWLHVDQGQXPHURXVUDUHSODQWVSHFLHVKDVEHHQ underexplored and is poorly recognized. The main objectives of this study were to identify the species richness and diversity of macromycetes in raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania and to establish correlations be- tween macroscopic fungi and peatland communities occurring in the area in view of environmental conditions. ,QYHVWLJDWLRQVVSDQQLQJDSHULRGRIWHQ\HDUVZHUHFRQGXFWHGDWVLWHV UDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV LQ HLJKWQRQIRUHVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallaxFRPPXQLW\ DQGWZRIRUHVWFRPPXQLWLHV Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis LQ ZKLFK SHUPDQHQW REVHUYDWLRQ SORWV ZHUH HVWDEOLVKHG IRU detailed examinations. A total of 191 macromycete species were recorded in the peatlands. The smallest number of species was recorded in Rhynchosporetum albae VSHFLHV DQG Caricetum rostratae VSHFLHV 3K\WRFRHQRVHVULFKHVWLQ fungi were Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum VSHFLHV DQGVaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis VSHFLHV The number of macromycete species recorded in individual peatland communities depends on the community type and is not conditioned by the number of observations and the number and the total area of permanent plots. Five mycosociologico-ecological groups of macroscopic fungi were distinguished based on numerical analyses. )RXUJURXSVFRPSULVHVSHFLHVRIIXQJLDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDVSHFLÀFSK\WRFRHQRVLVRUDJURXSRISK\WRFRHQRVHV2QH group consists of fungi with a broader ecological scale. The majority of environmental variables representing the VXEVWUDWH·VFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHVKXPLGLW\DQGS+VKRZDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWLQÁXHQFHRQWKHGLYHUVLW\RIPDF- roscopic fungi species in the peatland communities. Cartogram maps of the distribution of 21 species of peatland IXQJLDUHLQFOXGHGDQGJHRJUDSKLFRHFRORJLFDOIHDWXUHVRIWKHVSHFLHVDUHEULHÁ\GHVFULEHG Key words: macromycetes, mycocoenoses, distribution, transitional and raised bogs, mires, peatlands, NW Poland. 1. INTRODUCTION
The orographic, soil and climatic differentiation of Pomerania creates conditions favoura- EOHIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDUDQJHRIHFRV\VWHPV6SHFLÀFSODQWFRPPXQLWLHVDQGDYDULHW\ of rare species of plants and macroscopic fungi make local peatland ecosystems especially LQWHUHVWLQJ1HDUO\DOOIRUPVDQGW\SHVRISHDWODQGV YDVWIHQVWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVDQGWKH ODUJHVWUDLVHGERJVLQ3RODQG RFFXUULQJLQORZODQG&HQWUDO(XURSHDUHFRQFHQWUDWHGLQ 3RPHUDQLD &=8%,Ĕ6.,1950; -$612:6.,1962a;-$612:6.,et al. 1968; -$612:6.$ -$6- 12:6., 1977, 1981; HERBICHOWA 1998a, b, 2004a, b :2á(-.2 +(5%,&+ +H(5ER- BICHOWA 2002; 72%2/6., 2003; HERBICHOWA +(5%,&+ 7KHYHJHWDWLRQFRYHURI Pomeranian peatlands, in particular raised and transitional peatlands, is preserved quite well in comparison with other regions in Poland although unfavourable events leading to WKHGLVDSSHDUDQFHRULPSRYHULVKPHQWRIWKHÁRUDDQGSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHVKDYHDOVR EHHQWDNLQJSODFHKHUH -$612:6.,et al. 1968; -$612:6., 1972; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1977; HERBICHOWA 1976, 1999; HERBICHOWA -ą.$/6.$ 1985; +(5%,&+ HERBICHOWA 2002; HERBICHOWA et al. 2007; %8'<Ğ Macroscopic fungi are important structural and functional elements of peatland eco- systems. As heterotrophic organisms, they enter a range of relationships with plants thus GLUHFWO\ RU LQGLUHFWO\ LQÁXHQFLQJ WKH IRUPDWLRQ DQG IXQFWLRQLQJ RI SK\WRFRHQRVHV 'XH to high ecological specialization many species or groups of fungi can serve as markers to characterize ecologically different plant species. They can also be indicators of changes RFFXUULQJLQWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW)XQJLDUHYDOXDEOHGLDJQRVWLFHOHPHQWVLQGHÀQLQJ DQGGLVWLQJXLVKLQJSODQWFRPPXQLWLHVDQGLQWKHV\QWD[RQRPLFFODVVLÀFDWLRQ7KH\GHSHQG RQWKHHQWLUHW\RIHFRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVLQDSK\WRFRHQRVLV .251$Ğ 1957; /,6,(:6.$ 1974; %5(6,16.<et al. 1995; %8-$.,(:,&= 1982, 2008; &+/(%,&., 2002; á$:5<12:,&= et al. 2004; á$:5<12:,&= 08á(1.2 7KHUHFRJQLWLRQRIPDFURP\FHWHVLQSHDWODQGHFRV\VWHPVLVLQVXIÀFLHQWDVWKH\KDYH rarely been included in wetland studies. Few studies deal with the occurrence of mac- roscopic fungi of raised and transitional bogs in Europe. Investigations were conducted in the Swiss Jura by FAVRE LQ'HQPDUNE\LANGE in the former Czecho- slovakia by.27/$%$ DQG3,/É7 LQ QRUWKHUQ *HUPDQ\ E\.5(,6(/ D LQ)LQODQGE\SALO DQGLQWKH$SHQQLQHVLQ,WDO\E\PERINI et al. :LWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRIVRPHVWXGLHV %8-$.,(:,&= ),./(:,&= 1963; ),./(:,&= SOBSTYL 1965; FRIEDRICH 1997; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 2003, 2004a; Ğ/86$5&=<. the biota of macroscopic fungi of raised and transitional bogs in Poland has not been the PDLQVXEMHFWRIH[DPLQDWLRQVDQGZDVRQO\RQHRIWKHDVSHFWVRIEURDGHUSURMHFWV 1(63,$. 1959; %8-$.,(:,&= 1975, 1981, 1986; /,6,(:6.$ 1978, 1979; %8-$.,(:,&= /,6,(:6.$ 1983; FRIEDRICH 1984, 1985/1986, 1985/1987, 1994; )/,6,Ĕ6.$ 1987/1988, 2000; á86=&=<Ĕ6., 7KHUHIRUHQRWDOOSHDWODQGSK\WRFRHQRVHVKDYHEHHQHTXDOO\DQGXQLIRUPO\ VWXGLHG á$:5<12:,&= et al. Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum is the best mycologically recognized forest peatland community to date. Systematic mycosociological observa- WLRQVKDYHEHHQFRQGXFWHGLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. :LHONRSRO- VND ),./(:,&=62%67
5 1978; á86=&=<Ĕ6., 3RPHUDQLD %8-$.,(:,&= 1986; FRIEDRICH DQGWKH PojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH/DNHODQG )/,6,Ĕ6.$ 'DWDRQPDFURVFRSLF fungi in Vaccinio uliginosi-PinetumKDYHEHHQFROOHFWHGLQWKHYLFLQLW\RI*âRZQR RUDNIC- .$-(=,(56.$ WKH&KU]DQyZ5HJLRQDQG-DZRU]QR WOJEWODA DQGWKH.RWOLQD6DQGRPLHUVND%DVLQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ 7KHNQRZOHGJHRIVaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis is considerably poorer than that of Vaccinio uliginosi-Pine- tum. Mycosociological observations in patches of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis have been conducted in the Puszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW FRIEDRICH 1985/1986; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. WKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUN %8-$.,(:,&= DQGWKHSURSRVHG:LOF]H 8URF]\VNR 2OV]DQND UHVHUYH )5,('5,&+ Sphagnetum magellanici is the best my- cologically recognized non-forest peatland community. Research into the occurrence of macromycetes in Sphagnetum magellanici has been conducted in several regions of Po- ODQG QRUWK:LHONRSROVND ),./(:,&=62%67
6 – to determine mycocoenological relationships in selected forest and non-forest peat- land communities, – to attempt to determine the indicator value of fungi and to distinguish groups of di- agnostic species of individual phytocoenoses or groups of phytocoenoses, – to determine the contribution and the role of bioecological groups of fungi in forest and non-forest peatland communities in the study area, – WRGHVFULEHWKHLQÁXHQFHRIVHOHFWHGHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUVRQWKHRFFXUUHQFHRISHDW- land fungi and their species diversity, – to recognize the distribution of selected species of peatland fungi. The ecology and geography of species of fungi are also characterized in this study. Car- tograms of their distribution in Pomerania are mapped.
2. STUDY AREA
Location and borders. Pomerania is a historical region in present-day northeast Germany and northwest Poland. Investigations were conducted in its Polish part located between ···DQG···(DQG···DQG· ··1FRYHULQJNPñ RIWKH WRWDODUHDRI3RODQG 7KHVWXG\DUHDLVERUGHUHGE\WKH%DOWLF6HDFRDVWOLQHLQWKHQRUWK DQGWKH:DUWDDQG1RWHýULYHUVWRJHWKHUZLWKWKH.DQDâ1RWHFNL&KDQQHOLQWKHVRXWK The western border is delimited by the Polish/German border which runs along the main ULYHUEHGRIWKH2GHUEHWZHHQ.RVWU]\QDQG*U\ÀQRDQGWKHGU\ODQGIXUWKHUQRUWKZDUGV FURVVHVWKH=DOHZ6]F]HFLĕVNL/DJRRQDQGHQGVRQWKHQRUWKHUQHGJHRIWKH8]QDP,VODQG FDNPZHVWRIWKHĞZLQDHVWXDU\ZKHUHWKHULYHUÁRZVLQWRWKH%DOWLF6HD7KH9LVWXODLV WKHHDVWHUQERUGHU $8*8672:6., )LJ 7KHWHUP3RPHUDQLDZLOOEHXVHGLQWKLV study to refer to the area within the Polish borders. In the physical-geographic division by .21'5$&., 3RPHUDQLD LV ORFDWHG LQ PHVRUHJLRQV EHORQJLQJ WR WKUHH PDFURUHJLRQV LQ WKH VXESURYLQFH RI WKH 3REU]HīD 3RâXGQLRZREDâW\FNLH &RDVWV 3REU]HīH 6]F]HFLĕVNLH 3REU]HīH .RV]DOLĕVNLH DQG 3REU]HīH *GDĕVNLH &RDVWV DQG PDFURUHJLRQV LQ WKH VXESURYLQFH RI WKH 3RMH]LHU]D 3RâXGQLRZREDâW\FNLH /DNHODQGV 3RMH]LHU]H =DFKRGQLRSRPRUVNLH 3RMH]LHU]H3RMH]LHU]H :VFKRG:VFKRG- niopomorskie and Pojezierze 3RâXGQLRZRSRPRUVNLH /DNHODQGV 3UDGROLQD 7RUXĕVNR (EHUVZDOG]ND3URJODFLDO9DOOH\DQGWKH/RZHU9LVWXOD9DOOH\ ,QWKHJHRERWDQLFDOFODVVLÀFDWLRQRI3RODQGE\6=$)(5 3RPHUDQLDEHORQJVWRWKH ']LDâ%DâW\FNL'LYLVLRQ3RGG]LDâ3DV5yZQLQ3U]\PRUVNLFKDQG:\VRF]\]Q3RPRUVNLFK Subdivision [Baltic Division; Coastal Plains and Pomeranian Highlands Belt Subdivision], 3RGG]LDâ3DV:LHONLFK'ROLQ6XEGLYLGH>*UHDW9DOOH\V%HOW6XEGLYLVLRQ@²DVPDOOVRXWK- ern part of the region. According to a recent geobotanical regionalization of Poland by J.M. 0$786=.,(:,&= WKHVWXG\DUHDEHORQJVWRWKH&HQWUDO(XURSHDQ3URYLQFHWZR VXESURYLQFHV 3RâXGQLRZREDâW\FND6XESURYLQFHDQGĞURGNRZRHXURSHMVND:âDğFLZD6XE- province [South Baltic and Proper Central European Subprovinces], and three divides: ']LDâ3RPRUVNL']LDâ%UDQGHQEXUVNR:LHONRSROVNLDQG']LDâ0D]RZLHFNR3ROHVNL>3R- meranian, Brandenburgian and Greater Poland, and Mazovian and Polesye Divides]. Geological structure, lie of the land and soil topography. The geological structure, lie of the land and soil topography in Pomerania were directly and indirectly shaped by the Scandinavian ice sheet during the last Baltic glacial period. Postglacial landforms create
7 PEHULQWKHÀJXUHFRUUHVSRQGVWRLWVQXPEHULQ7DEOH 1 – raised and transitional bogs with permanent research plots, 2 other bogs. )LJ7KHORFDWLRQRISHDWODQGVLQ3RPHUDQLD WKHSHDWODQGQX
8 belts and characteristic zones of outwash sands, the end moraine and the ground moraine. Quaternary formations dominate in the geological structure. These are mostly Pleistocene or Holocene formations in valleys and lake basins which form a dense cover and reach considerable thickness in places. Diluvial formations: boulder clay forming the end and JURXQGPRUDLQHVSUHYDLO6DQGVDQGJUDYHOVRIZDWHUJODFLDOGHSRVLWV VDQGDU DFFRPSDQ\ WKHP $8*8672:6.,1977; .$5&=(:6.,1985; $/(.6$1'52:,&= The contemporary lie of the land comprises morphological forms developed during the Baltic glacial period that have persisted in their general form until today. Bar-shaped and domed hillocks of the end moraine with a maximum height of 167 m near Cedynia, 250 m LQ%\WyZDQG0LDVWNRDQG PDURXQG.DUWX]\ :LHī\FD DUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFHOHPHQWVRI WKHODQGVFDSH'HHSÁXYLRJODFLDOODNHVSHDWHGYDOOH\VDQGPDUVKHVDUHVFDWWHUHGDPRQJ WKHP (ORQJDWHG ODNHZDWHUÀOOHG WURXJKV VXFK DV ODNHV &KDU]\NRZVNLH 'UDZVNR DQG :RğZLQDUHDOVRW\SLFDOFRPSRQHQWV/DQGVFDSHDUHDVRIWKHJURXQGPRUDLQHDQGVDQGXU ÀHOGVDUHOHVVYDULHGDOWKRXJKWKH\DUHDOVRGHÀQHGE\DKLOO\UHOLHIIHDWXULQJQXPHURXV HQGRUKHLFGHSUHVVLRQV $/(.6$1'52:,&=1999; *,/(:6.$ %URZQ IRUHVWEURZQ VRLOV VXUIDFH DQG OHDFKHG DQG OHVVLYH VRLOV IRUPHG IURP ORDP sands and light moraine clay loams, podzol-rusty soils, podzol soils and in places pod- zols developed from weakly loam and loam sands of different podogenesis occur mostly WKURXJKRXW3RPHUDQLD0DUVK\VRLOVSDOXGLÀHGVRLOVDQGSRVWPDUVK\VRLOVIRUPHGIURP peats and alluvial soils occur in terrain depressions, basins, lake basins and river valleys VFDWWHUHGLQWKHDUHD 3586,1.,(:,&= %('1$5(. 1999; :,&,. Hydrography. A watershed that separates the rivers belonging to the Oder and the Vistula ULYHUEDVLQVIURPWKRVHÁRZLQJGLUHFWO\LQWRWKH%DOWLF6HDUXQVDFURVVWKHFHQWUDOSDUW RI3RPHUDQLDDORQJWKHEDURIWKHHQGPRUDLQH7KH'UDZD*ZGD,QD%UGD:GDDQG :LHU]\FDDUHWKHODUJHVWULYHUVLQWKHVRXWKRIWKHUHJLRQZLWKWKH5HJD3DUVċWD:LHSU]D 6âXSLDDQGáHEDEHLQJWKHODUJHVWULYHUVLQWKHQRUWK/DNHVDUHGRPLQDQWK\GURJUDSKLFHO- ements. Ribbon lakes which are long, narrow and deep, often with steep slopes and varied ERWWRPVWUXFWXUHVSUHYDLO/DNHV&KDU]\NRZVNLH'UDZVNR0LHGZLH:LHOLPLH:G]\G]H DQGĪDUQRZLHFNLHDUHVRPHRIWKHODUJHVWODNHV$UDQJHRIZHWODQGVVXFKDVSHDWODQGVRU mud and silt ecosystems occurring numerously in the area, considerably affect water re- ODWLRQVKLSVLQ3RPHUDQLD %$-.,(:,&=*5$%2:6.$ 2006; *875<.25<&.$ 2006; :2521.2 /(1$572:,&= Climate. Variable climatic conditions recorded in Pomerania are determined by the prox- LPLW\RIWKH%DOWLF6HDDQGWKHORFDWLRQLQWKH]RQHRILQÁXHQFHVRIWKHRFHDQLFFOLPDWH Consequently the oceanic climate is observed in the north and southwest of the region ZKLOHWKHFRQWLQHQWDOFOLPDWHLVUHFRUGHGLQLWVVRXWKHDVWHUQSDUW :2Ğ $VZHOO DVWKHOLHRIWKHODQGPDVVHVRISRODUPDULQHDQGDUFWLFPDULQHDLULQÁRZLQJIURPWKH Atlantic Ocean and moving inland have an important impact on climatic conditions in 3RPHUDQLD7KH\KDYHDZDUPLQJLQÁXHQFHRQWKHFOLPDWHLQZLQWHUDQGFRROLQJLQVXP- PHU7KH\DOVRLQÁXHQFHDFRQVLGHUDEOHVSDWLDODPSOLWXGHRIDQQXDOSUHFLSLWDWLRQDQGDLU temperature sums. The mean annual precipitation sum is 550-600 mm in the western and southern part, and 650-700 mm in the north-eastern part. The mean annual air tempera- ture is 8.5°C in the western part and 7.5°C in the eastern part of the region. The duration of the vegetative season ranges from 180 to 190 days in the east and up to 220-230 days LQWKHZHVW .2Ĩ0,Ĕ6., 0,&+$/6.$2001;%25Ð:.$2002; .2Ĩ0,Ĕ6.,et al. 7KH microclimatic variability which mostly depends on the lie of the land and the vegetation
9 cover also contributes to the regional diversity of climatic conditions. Relatively consid- erable microclimatic changes occur in lakelands where the relief is especially varied and GLYHUVLÀHG %25Ð:.$ Peatlands. Peatland ecosystems are traditionally divided into fens, transitional bogs and UDLVHGERJVGHSHQGLQJRQZDWHUDQGQXWULHQWVXSSO\ 3$:á2:6., =$5=<&., 1977; ,/1,&., 1HDUO\DOOSHDWODQGIRUPVDQGW\SHVW\SLFDORIORZODQGDUHDVRI&HQWUDO(XURSHDUH recorded in Pomerania, where Poland’s peatlands are highly concentrated. They cover YDVWDUHDVRIIHQV3RODQG·VODUJHVWUDLVHGERJVVRFDOOHG%DOWLFUDLVHGPLUHV FXSRODUDLVHG PLUHV VSULQJPLUHVDQGFDOFDUHRXVIHQV -$612:6.,1962a, 1990; -$612:6., et al. 1968; -$612:6., et al. 1972; HERBICHOWA 1979, 1998a, b, 2004a, b; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1981; *26 HERBICHOWA 1991; :2á(-.2 2000; ,/1,&., 2002; 72%2/6., 2003; HERBICHOWAet al. %8'<Ğ +(5%,&+ &,(&+$12:6., )HQVGHYHORSLQSRVWODNHEDVLQV DQGYDOOH\VRIVORZÁRZLQJULYHUVDQGVWUHDPV7KHODUJHVWDUHDVRIIHQVLQ3RPHUDQLDDUH UHFRUGHGLQIRULQVWDQFHWKH2GHUáHEDáXSDZD1RWHý3âRQLD5HGDDQG5HJDULYHU YDOOH\VDVZHOODVE\/DNHV'ĆELHDQG0LHGZLH5DLVHGERJVPRVWO\RFFXULQZDWHUVKHGDU- HDVDOVRLQYDOOH\DQGSURJODFLDOYDOOH\GHSUHVVLRQV7KHODUJHVW%DOWLFUDLVHGERJV FXSROD UDLVHGERJV XVXDOO\GHYHORSLQFRDVWDO3RPHUDQLDZKHUHWKH\UHDFKWKHVRXWKHUQOLPLW of their continuous range. Small peatlands, so-called basin bogs, recorded in post-dead ice endorheic thaw-out depressions occurring especially numerously in the Pojezierze %\WRZVNLH/DNHODQGDUHFRQVLGHUDEO\PRUHQXPHURXV7UDQVLWLRQDOERJVRFFXULQ\RXQJ glacial areas, both outwash and moraine, and rarely cover larger areas. They are often an intermediate stage in the fen conversion process into raised bogs and can also form when water bodies overgrow with vegetation. They are most numerous in the Bory Tuchol- VNLH)RUHVW5yZQLQDCharzykowska Plain, Pojezierze Bytowskie and Pojezierze Drawskie /DNHODQGV &=8%,Ĕ6.,1950; -$612:6.,1962a; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1981; HERBICHO- WA 1998a, 2004a, b;3$:/$&=<. et al. 2001; ,/1,&., 2002; 72%2/6., 2003; HERBICHOWA 3272&.$2004; HERBICHOWAet al. $WSUHVHQWIHQVFRYHUDQDUHDRI KDLQ 3RPHUDQLDUDLVHGERJVî KDDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVîKD ,08= Vegetation of raised and transitional bogs. The habitat diversity of the ecosystems in the VWXG\DUHDLVUHÁHFWHGLQWKHFRQVLGHUDEOHYDULHW\RISHDWODQGSODQWFRPPXQLWLHV7KHV\V- tematics of peatland communities in Poland needs a critical revision and a new compre- KHQVLYHLQYHVWLJDWLRQ -$612:6.$ -$612:6.,1983a; 0$786=.,(:,&=: 2001; .8&+$56., et al. 2001; HERBICHOWAD ,QWKHWUDGLWLRQDODSSURDFKWHPSRUDULO\LQXVH 0$786=- .,(:,&=: WKHPDMRULW\RIFRPPXQLWLHVRFFXUULQJLQ3RPHUDQLDLQWKHSHDWODQG types studied here belong to two classes: Oxycocco-Sphagnetea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae, order Scheuchzerietalia palustris 0$786=.,(:,&=: +(5%,&+ HERBICHOWA 6RPHIRUHVWFRPPXQLWLHVRIWKHFODVVVaccinio-Piceetea also occur in raised and WUDQVLWLRQDOERJV 0$786=.,(:,&=: +(5%,&+ HERBICHOWA 2002; 0$786=.,(:,&= -0 The syntaxonomic position of plant communities occurring in Pomerania in the study SHDWODQGVLVDVIROORZV 0$786=.,(:,&=: Cl. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae 1RUGK 57[ O. Scheuchzerietalia palustris Nordh. 1937 All. Rhynchosporion albae Koch 1926 Caricetum limosae Br.-Bl. 1921 Rhynchosporetum albae Koch 1926
10 Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi M. Jasn., J. Jasn. et S. Mark. 1968 All. Caricion lasiocarpae 9DQGHQ%HUJKDS/HEUXQet al. 1949 Caricetum lasiocarpae Koch 1926 Caricetum rostratae Rübel 1912 ex Osvald 1923 em. Dierss. 1982 [= Sphagno-Caricetum rostratae Steff. 1931 em. Dierss. 1982] Caricetum diandrae Jon. 1932 em. Oberd. 1957 Caricetum chordorrhizae3DXOHW/XW] Caricetum heleonastes 3DXOHW/XW] 2EHUG Cl. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 O. Sphagno-Ericetalia%U%O HP0RRUH All. Ericion tetralicis Schwick. 1933 Ericetum tetralicis R. Tx. 1937 O. Sphagnetalia magellanici 3DZâ 0RRUH All. Sphagnion magellanici Kästner et Flössner 1933 em. Dierss. 1975 Erico-Sphagnetum medii 6FKZLFN 0RRUH Sphagnetum magellanici 0DOF .lVWQHUHW)O|VVQHU Ledo-Sphagnetum magellanici Sukopp 1959 em. Neuhäusl 1969 Community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax Hueck 1928 pro ass. Cl. Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 O. Piceetalia abietis3DZâLQ3DZâet al. 1928 All. Dicrano-Pinion:0DW Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Kleist 1929 Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis/LEEHUW
7KHYHJHWDWLRQRIWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVLVÁRULVWLFDOO\GLYHUVLÀHG,WKDVDWZROHYHOVWUXFWXUH FRQVLVWLQJRIWKHKHUEOD\HUDQGWKHPRVVOD\HU7KHVHDUHXVXDOO\H[WUHPHO\ÁRULVWLFDOO\ SRRUSK\WRFRHQRVHVWKDWIRUPÁDWFDUSHWRSHQERJVPRVVYHJHWDWLRQRUVHGJHYHJHWDWLRQ dominated by one to two herbaceous plant species and one to two moss species. Phyto- coenoses of the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae, order Scheuchzerietalia palustris, are W\SLFDORIWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV ',(566(11982; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1983b, c; +(5%,&+ HERBICHOWA 2002; HERBICHOWAD Caricetum limosae occurs on wet habitats on acid peats. The community is typical of transitional ERJVDQGDOVRRFFXUVLQZDWHUORJJHGKROORZVLQUDLVHGERJV,WLVDFRPSRQHQWRIÁRDWLQJTXDJPLUHV on overgrowing dystrophic and oligotrophic lakes. The community is widespread in peatland areas QRWRQO\LQ3RPHUDQLDEXWDOVRLQRWKHUSDUWVRI3RODQG -$612:6., 1962a; -$612:6., et al. 1968; 0$786=.,(:,&=: Rhynchosporetum albae occurs in wet peatland depressions, sometimes on exposed peat, and is widespread where raised bogs occur. In Pomerania, patches of the community develop not only in peatland hollows and depressions but also on the banks of dystrophic lakes and sporadically in dis- XVHGH[FDYDWLRQSLWV -$612:6., 1962a; -$612:6., et al. 1968; 0$786=.,(:,&=: 3$:/$&=<. et al. Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi develops in permanently strongly hydrated sites. It oc- curs in peatland depressions as well as on the banks of dystrophic lakes and in overgrowing post-peat SLWV7KHFRPPXQLW\LVZLGHVSUHDGLQ3RPHUDQLD -$612:6., et al. 1968; BRZEG et al. 1996; PAWLA- &=<. et al. Caricetum lasiocarpaeLVÁRULVWLFDOO\DQGHFRORJLFDOO\GLYHUVLÀHG,WRFFXUVRQROLJRDQGPHVR- trophic habitats, in endorheic SHULRGLFDOO\ÁRRGHGWHUUDLQGHSUHVVLRQVDQGRIWHQIRUPVVRGVRUFRDW- LQJVÁRDWLQJRQWKHVXUIDFHRIRYHUJURZLQJG\VWURSKLFODNHVCaricetum lasiocarpae is known from QXPHURXVORFDOLWLHVLQ3RPHUDQLD -$612:6., 1962a; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1983c; .8&+$56., et al. 2001; 0$786=.,(:,&=: HERBICHOWAD
11 Caricetum rostratae is a common and widespread peatland community in Pomerania. It occurs in sites with a high water level, mostly on the banks of overgrowing lakes, on the margins of peatlands DQGLQRYHUJURZLQJGLWFKHVDQGGLVXVHGSLWV -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1983c %5=(* et al. 1995, 1996; HERBICHOWAD Caricetum diandrae is a fairly rare community with a boreal range. It occurs for instance in post- lake peat bogs. It develops in permanently waterlogged areas, on weakly distributed peats, excep- WLRQDOO\RQJ\WWMD -$612:6., 1962a; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1983c 0$786=.,(:,&=: Caricetum chordorrhizae is a continental-boreal community. It mainly occurs in northeast Poland. ,WLVUDUHLQ3RPHUDQLDNQRZQIURPDIHZORFDOLWLHV :2á(-.2 1983; 0$786=.,(:,&=: HER- BICHOWAD Caricetum heleonastesLVDSRRUO\UHFRJQL]HGFRPPXQLW\WKDWRFFXUVYHU\UDUHO\LQ3RPHUDQLD 0$- 786=.,(:,&=: Treeless moss phytocoenoses poor in species, consisting of two basic structural elements, hum- mocks and hollows, are typical of raised bogs. Hummock phytocoenoses include Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax. Hollow vegetation is represented by such communities as Caricetum limosae and Rhynchosporetum albae DIERSSEN 1982; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1983b, d 0$786=.,(:,&=: +(5%,&+ HERBICHOWA 2002; HERBICHOWA2004b HERBICHOWA 3272&.$ Ericetum tetralicis is a very rare community that reaches the absolute eastern limit of its range in Poland. It represents wet heaths with Erica tetralix7KHFRPPXQLW\LVÁRULVWLFDOO\LPSRYHULVKHGLQ FRPSDULVRQZLWKLWVW\SLFDO:HVWHUQ(XURSHDQIRUPV,WRFFXUVLQDUHDVLQÁXHQFHGE\WKH$WODQWLF climate, in the belt of coastal dunes in interdunal depressions and on the margins of raised bogs or in spatial complexes of peat excavation pits. It is recorded for instance in the eastern part of the 3REU]HīH.DV]XEVNLHFRDVWDQGQHDU.RâREU]HJ -$612:6.,1962a; 0$786=.,(:,&=: HERBI- CHOWA F Erico-Sphagnetum mediiLVZLGHVSUHDGSULPDULO\LQWKH:HVWHUQDQG&HQWUDO(XURSHDQORZODQG ZLWKLQWKH$WODQWLFFOLPDWH/LNHEricetum tetralicis, this community reaches the eastern limit of its range. It occurs in the coastal zone in Pomerania. The community is characteristic of raised bogs with Erica tetralixDQGLVUDUHLQ3RODQG -$612:6.,1962b; BRZEG et al. 1995; 0$786=.,(:,&=: HERBICHOWA 2004b;HERBICHOWA 3272&.$ Sphagnetum magellanici is one of the most commonly recorded raised-bog communities in Po- PHUDQLD DQG GHYHORSV DV GLIIHUHQW VXEFRPPXQLWLHV GHSHQGLQJ RQ KDELWDW FRQGLWLRQV -$612:6., 1962a; -$612:6., et al. 1968; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1983d; HERBICHOWAE Ledo-Sphagnetum magellanici is a community of continental raised bogs. It occurs at lowland sites in northeast Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The western range limit is not fully known, nor LVLWVDFWXDOGLVWULEXWLRQLQ3RPHUDQLDDQGRWKHUUHJLRQVLQ3RODQG 0$786=.,(:,&=: HERBI- CHOWAE Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax community is widespread in Pomerania, especially in the Baltic coastal belt. Only a few patches of this community are natural while the majority developed DVDUHVXOWRIGHK\GUDWLRQRIRWKHUSHDWPRVVERJV -$612:6., et al. 1968; 3$:/$&=<. et al. 2001; HERBICHOWAE Peat forest communities, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescen- tisDOVRRFFXULQWKHSHDWODQGVLQWKHVWXG\DUHD 0$786=.,(:,&=: 0$786=.,(:,&= J.M. Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum occurs mostly in the lakeland belt. It usually develops in local endorheic GHSUHVVLRQVÀOOHGZLWKUDLVHGSHDWRULVSDUWRIYDVWSHDWODQGDUHDV,WRYHUJURZVVORSHVRISHDWODQG FXSRODVLQOLYLQJUDLVHGERJVZKLOHLWFDQRFFXS\HQWLUHVXUIDFHVRIUDLVHGERJVZLWKZDWHUGHÀFLW EHLQJWKHÀQDOVWDJHRIWKHVXFFHVVLRQFRQWLQXXPVaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum occurs in sites with a very high level of stagnating precipitation groundwater. It develops on the substrate of strongly acid, ROLJRWURSKLFUDLVHGSHDWRQSHDWJOH\RUSHDW\JOH\VRLOV HERBICHOWA et al. 2004; 0$786=.,(:,&= -0
12 Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis is an Atlantic community and occurs mostly in northwest (XURSH,WUHDFKHVWKHHDVWHUQOLPLWRILWVJHRJUDSKLFUDQJHLQ3RODQG7KHEHOWRIWKH3REU]HīD 3RâXGQLRZREDâW\FNLH&RDVWVDQGWKH3RMH]LHU]D3RâXGQLRZREDâW\FNLH/DNHODQGVLVLWVPDLQRFFXU- rence sites. Patches of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis usually develop in endorheic high wa- tertable terrain depressions, in areas of the sandy-loam ground moraine. They develop on fairly shal- low, mesotrophic, acid transitional bogs, on stagnogley-type acid soils. Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentisFDQDOVRRFFXURQWKHPDUJLQVRIUDLVHGERJV HERBICHOWA et al. 2004; 0$786=.,(:,&= -0
3. 0$7(5,$/$1'0(7+2'6
0DFURVFRSLFIXQJL PDFURP\FHWHV WKDWLVIXQJLSURGXFLQJIUXLWERGLHVRUVWURPDWDYLVLEOH with the unaided eye and reaching the size of over 1 mm, were investigated in this study. 0DFURVFRSLFIXQJLRIUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVZHUHH[DPLQHGDWVLWHV UDLVHGERJV DQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV LQ3RPHUDQLDLQWKHSHULRGEHWZHHQ DQG )LJ 7DE
Ta b l e 1 A list of study peatlands
*nature reserve; **peatland type: T – transitional bog, R – raised bog, based on a range of sources such as JAS- 12:6.$ -$612:6., H -$612:6., %$1$Ğet al. Ī85(. DQGHERBICHOWA et al. square Plot no. /RFDWLRQ Geographic Mesoregion co-ordinates $732/JULG DEEUHYLDWLRQ Peatland name Peatland No. on Figure 1 Peatland type** Peatland Peatbogs investigated with the research plot method and the route method 1 Roby* 0.2 km SE of 54°06’N Ba 0811 :\EU]HīH7U]H- R Rob3, Rob4 5RE Roby 15°18’E biatowskie Coast 2 Stramniczka* 8 km SE of 54°09 N Bb 0100 5yZQLQD R Str1, Str1A 6WU .RâREU]HJ 6RI 15°42’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Stramniczka Plain 3 Chomino NP6:RI 53°54’N Ba 2610 5yZQLQD*U\ÀF- T Ch1, Ch2 &K Chomino 14°55’E ka Plain 4 3U]\ELHUQyZ 3 km SE of Przy- 53°44’N Ba 4510 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R P-38a, P-38b, P-38c 3 ELHUQyZ NP 14°47’E niowska Plain :RI6RVQRZLFH 5 Zielonczyn 2.5 km NE of 53°42’N Ba 5401 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- T Z1, Z6, Z12, Z20 = Zielonczyn 14°42’ E niowska Plain 6 ĪXUDZLQD 7 km NE of Step- 53°42’N Ba 5401 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R ĪXUĪXUĪXU ĪXU nica 14°42’E niowska Plain ĪXUĪXU 7 Niewiadowo NP:RI 53°39’N Ba 5511 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R Nw1, Nw2, Nw3, 1Z Niewiadowo 14°53’ E niowska Plain Nw4, Nw5, Nw6, Nw7, Nw8 8 ĪyâZLD%âRý NP1:RI 53°38’N Ba 5511 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R Ī%âĪ%âĪ%â Ī%â ĪyâZLD%âRý 14°52’E niowska Plain Ī%â Ī%âĪ%â 9 :U]RVLHF 2.5 km N of 53°36’N Ba 6600 5yZQLQD1RZRNowo- R :U]:U] :U] Krzywice 14°57’E gardzka Plain
13 Table 1 cont.
10 0V]DUNRâR 1.5 km S of Stara 53°48’N Bb 4000 5yZQLQD*U\ÀF- R SD1, SD2, SD3, SD4, Starej Dobr- Dobrzyca 15°32’E ka Plain SD5, SD6, SD7, SD8, zycy* SD9, SD10, SD11, 6' SD12, SD13, SD14, SD15, SD16 11 Reptowo N of Reptowo 53°22’N Ba 8510 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- RRep1 5HS 14°50’E niowska Plain 12 .RâRZR NP1:RI 53°19’N Ba 9401 :]JyU]D%X- T K12, K13, . .RâRZR 14°40’E kowe Hills K18 13 ĞFLHQQH 2 km N of 53°28’N Ba 8901 Pojezierze,ĕVNLH T ĞFDĞFĞFĞF *âRZDF] ĞFLHQQH 15°29’E /DNHODQG ĞF UHVHUYH ĞF 14 &]HUW\ĕ NP6:RI 53°21’N Bb 9000 Pojezierze,ĕVNLH T Cz13 &] &]HUW\ĕ 15°34’E /DNHODQG 15 Bonin NP6:RI 53°11’N Ca 1801 Pojezierze T B1, B2a, B7, B8, B10, % Bonin 15°21’E &KRV]F]HĕVNLH B16 /DNHODQG 16 =LHPRP\ğO, 0.5 km N of 53°11’N Ca 1800 Pojezierze R Z-Ia, Z-Ic =, =LHPRP\ğO% 15°16’E &KRV]F]HĕVNLH /DNHODQG 17 Niesporowice 0.6 km SE of 52°58’N Ca 3811 5yZQLQD*RGo- R N9 1 Niesporowice 15°21’E rzowska Plain 18 'DQNyZ NP6:RI 52°55’N Ca 4800 5yZQLQD*RGo- RD6 ' 'DQNyZ 15°20’E rzowska Plain 19 Rosiczki 3,5 km NE of 53°21’N Bb 9410 Pojezierze R RM1, RM2, RM3 0LURVâDZVNLH 0LURVâDZLHF 16°09’E :DâHFNLH/DNH- 50 NP6:RI land 1LHUDGĩ 20 Torfowisko 1.5 km N of 53°43’N Bb 5311 Pojezierze R TT1, TT12, TT13 Toporzyk* Toporzyk 16°03’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- 77 land 21 Zielone 2 km N of Nowe 53°40’N Bb 5311 Pojezierze R ZB1, ZB2, ZB2a, Bagna* :RURZR NP6 16°05’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- ZB3, ZB4, ZB5, =% RI3RâF]\Q=GUyM land ZB6, ZB7, ZB8, ZB9, ZB10, ZB11, ZB12, ZB13, ZB14, ZB15 22 Kolonia Kazi- N of Kolonia 53°51’N Bb 4800 Dolina Gwdy T Ka1, Ka2, Ka3, Ka3a, mierz Kazimierz; 16°46’E Valley Ka5, Ka5a, Ka6, Ka8, .D NP6:RI Ka9, Ka11, Ka15 %LDâ\%yU 23 Jezioro&ċJL 2.5 km S of 53°56’N Bc3001 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R JCM1, JCM2, JCM3, 0DâH Trzyniec 17°08’E kowska Plain JCM4, JCM5 -&0 Peatbogs investigated with the route method 24 Jatki NP:RI 53°57’N Ba 2600 :\EU]HīH7U]H- R- Jatki 14°52’E biatowskie Coast 25 Stuchowo- 2 km S of 53°56’N Ba 2611 5yZQLQD*U\ÀF- T- &LHVâDZ Stuchowo; 15°01’E ka Plain 1.5 km N of &LHVâDZ 26 :U]RVRZLVNR 1.5 km NE of 53°48’N Ba 4800 5yZQLQD*U\ÀF- R- Sowno* Sowno; 2.5 km 15°14’E ka Plain 1:RI3âRW\
14 Table 1 cont.
27 .UċīHO NP6:RI 53°49’N Ba 4800 5yZQLQD*U\ÀFND T- .UċīHO NP 15°14’E Plain 1:RI3âRW\ 28 Golczewskie NP1:RI 53°48’N Ba 3611 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R- Uroczysko* Golczewo 15°01’E niowska Plain 29 Jezioro Czarne NP:RI 53°39’N Ba 5511 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- T- /DNHQHDU1LHZL- Niewiadowo 14°52’E niowska Plain adowo 30 3U]\ELHUQyZ 3 km SE of 53°44’N Ba 4510 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R - 3 3U]\ELHUQyZ 14°47’E niowska Plain NP:RI Sosnowice 31 3U]\ELHUQyZ 3 km SE of 53°44’N Ba 4510 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R - 3 3U]\ELHUQyZ 14°48’E niowska Plain 0.2 km N of Sosnowice 32 3U]\ELHUQyZ 3.3 km SE of 53°44’N Ba 4510 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R - 3 3U]\ELHUQyZ 14°48’E niowska Plain 0.6 km NE of Sosnowice 33 7U]ċVDF] 2.6 km N of 53°41’N Ba 5401 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R- :LG]HĕVNR 14°44’E niowska Plain 34 /HZLQR 2.3 km NE of 53°41’N Ba 5500 5yZQLQD*ROHGole- R- :LG]HĕVNR 14°45’E niowska Plain 35 .RâRZVNLH 1 km SE of 53°18’N Ba 9410 :]JyU]D%XNRZH T- 7U]ċVDZLVNR .RâRZR 14°43’E Hills 36 =LHPRP\ğO,, 1 km NE of 53°11’N Ca 1800 Pojezierze T - =LHPRP\ğO% 15°17’E &KRV]F]HĕVNLH /DNHODQG 37 Stara Dobrzyca 1 km NE of 53°50’N Bb 4000 5yZQLQD*U\ÀFND T - Stara Dobrzyca 15°33’E Plain 38 Mszar nad Jezio- NP:RI 53°42’N Ba 5911 5yZQLQD*U\ÀFND T- rem Piaski* Karnice 15°27’E Plain 39 Bagno Zatomskie 2.5 km NE of 53°27’N Bb 8000 Pojezierze,ĕVNLH T- ,ĕVNR 15°34’E /DNHODQG 40 Ziemsko NP6:RI 53°27’N Bb 8001 Pojezierze,ĕVNLH T- Ziemsko 15°42’E /DNHODQG 41 %yUEDJQR NP:RI 53°25’N Ba 8901 Pojezierze,ĕVNLH R- 0LDâND 0LDâND 15°28’E /DNHODQG 42 Bagno Kielno 2.5 km E of 53°24’N Ba 8911 Pojezierze,ĕVNLH T- %LDâD,ĕVND 15°27’E /DNHODQG 43 Kinice 1 km N of 52°57’N Ca 3611 Pojezierze T- Kinice 15°05’E 0\ğOLERUVNLH /DNHODQG 44 Rokitno NP1:RI 52°57’N Ca 3610 Pojezierze T- Rokitno 15°02’E 0\ğOLERUVNLH /DNHODQG 45 /LSLDQ\ NP1:RI 53°02’N Ca 2511 Pojezierze T- /LSLDQ\E\ 14°55’E 0\ğOLERUVNLH the Pyrzyce- /DNHODQG 0\ğOLEyU] railway tracks 46 %DJQR&KâRSLQ\ 6RI&KâRSLQ\ 52°50’N Ca 4610 5yZQLQD*RU]RZGorzow- T - 15°02’E ska Plain
15 Table 1 cont.
47 0DUNRZH%âRWD NP6:RI 52°54’N Ca 4701 5yZQLQD*RU]RZGorzow- T- 0RF]\GâR 15°15’E ska Plain 48 -H]LRUND*âRGQH NP:RI 53°11’N Cb 1300 5yZQLQD'UDZV- R- Tuczno 16°04’E ka Plain 49 Sicienko* NP6: 53°11’N Cb 1300 5yZQLQD'UDZV- R- RI.UċSD 16°01’E ka Plain .UDMHĕVND 6RI Jezioro Sitno /DNH 50 Golcowe Bagno* 2 km E of 53°23’N Bb 9600 5yZQLQD:DâHFND T - Golce 16°27’E Plain 51 Torfowisko Ka- 2.5 km E of 53°07’N Cb 2900 Pojezierze R - czory* ĞPLâRZR 16°57’E .UDMHĕVNLH/DNH- land 52 Jezioro Czarne NP6:RI 53°25’N Bc 9300 Pojezierze R- /DNH 0HVV\ 6ċSyOQR 17°31’E .UDMHĕVNLH/DNH- .UDMHĕVNLH land 53 Czarci Staw* 4 km NE of 53°23’N Bc 9000 Pojezierze T- =âRWyZ 17°04’E .UDMHĕVNLH/DNH- land 54 ĪDELURğORZH 0.7 km NE of 53°50’N Bb 3410 Pojezierze R- oczka áRğQLFD 16°06’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- land 55 Jezioro Zimne 7 km NE 53°48’N Bb 4410 Pojezierze R- /DNH RI3RâF]\Q 16°10’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- =GUyM (RI land Zaborze 56 :U]RğFRZ\PV]DU NP1:RI 53°47’N Bb 4311 Pojezierze R- 3RâF]\Q=GUyM 16°04’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- land 57 %RUyZND%DBa- NP1:RI 53°42’N Bb 5310 Pojezierze R- gienna Toporzyk; 1km 16°00’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- SE of Bronowo land 58 Torfowisko NP6:RI 53°35’N Bb 7300 Pojezierze T- nad Jeziorem Cieszyno 16°02’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- 0RU]\VâDZ0Dâ\ land 59 Jezioro 4 km N of 53°34’N Bb 7300 Pojezierze T - &]DUQyZHN =âRFLHQLHF 16°01’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- /DNH land 60 =DUDĕVNR 0.2 km S of 53°33’N Bb 7200 Pojezierze T- =DUDĕVNR 15°50’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- land 61 Bagno Kusowo* E of Kusowo 53°48’N Bb 4710 Pojezierze R- 16°35’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- land 62 :LHU]FKRPLĕVNLH NP6:RI 54°09’N Bb 0310 5yZQLQD R- Bagno* :LHU]FKRPLQR 15°57’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Plain 63 :DUQLH%DJQR 2 km N and 54°09’N Bb 0211 5yZQLQD R- 1(RI:DUQLQR 15°57’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Plain 64 Brzezina 2.5 km NE of 54°08’N Bb 0310 5yZQLQD R - Bagienna :DUQLQR 15°58’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Plain
16 Table 1 cont.
65 Smolno 1.2 km S of 54°09’N Bb 0211 5yZQLQD R- Smolno 15°54’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Plain 66 Strachomino I 1.2 km S of 54°09’N Bb 0210 5yZQLQD R- Strachomino 15°51’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Plain 67 Strachomino II 2.4 km SE of 54°09’N Bb 0211 5yZQLQD R- Strachomino 15°53’E %LDâRJDUG]ND Plain 68 Bobolice – NP1: 53°58’N Bb 2611 Pojezierze T- *âRGRZD of Bobolice; 16°34’E 'UDZVNLH/DNH- 0.5 km SE of land *âRGRZD 69 0LâRFLFH NP:RI 53°57’N Bb 3900 Dolina Gwdy T- 0LâRFLFH 16°56’E Valley 70 Jezioro,âRZDWND 1:RI&\EXOLQ 53°59’N Bb 2810 Dolina Gwdy R - /DNH 16°47’E Valley 71 %LDâ\'ZyU, 0.5 km NE of 53°55’N Bb 3800 Dolina Gwdy T - %LDâ\'ZyU 16°47’E Valley 72 %LDâ\'ZyU,, NP1:RI 53°55’N Bb 3800 Dolina Gwdy T- %LDâ\'ZyU 16°47’E Valley 73 Torfowiska NP6:RI 53°58’N Bb 2810 Dolina Gwdy T - &\EXOLĕVNLH Cybulin 16°46’E Valley 74 Jezioro Oblica N of the Jezio- 53°58’N Bb 2811 Dolina Gwdy T - /DNH ro2EOLFD/DNH 16°48’E Valley 75 Kaliska 2 km NE of 53°56’N Bb 3801 Dolina Gwdy T - Kaliska 16°52’E Valley 76 Biskupice :RI%LVNXSLFH 53°52’N Bb 4811 Dolina Gwdy T - 16°47’E Valley 77 Jezioro Czarne NP6:RI 53°49’N Bb 4800 Dolina Gwdy T - /DNHQHDU 6WċSLHĕ 16°44’E Valley 6WċSLHĕ 78 %RFKHĕVNLH 2.5 km NE of 53°49’N Bc 4010 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T - %âRWR Sporysz 17°03’E kowska Plain 79 Bagnisko 3 km N of 53°54’N Bc 3110 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R- 1LHGĩZLDG\ Nowa Brda 17°12’E kowska Plain 80 Jezioro 1.5 km SE of 53°56’N Bc 3101 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T - :ċJRU]yZNR Stara Brda 17°15’E kowska Plain /DNH 81 Bagno Stawek* NP:RI 53°53’N Bc 3311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- Asmus 17°33’E kowska Plain 82 Piecki* 2.5 km SE of 53°55’N Bc 3311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R - /DVND 17°34’E kowska Plain 83 Jezioro0DâH NP6:RI 53°48’N Bc 4211 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R - áRZQH/DNH Konarzynki 17°28’E kowska Plain 84 Jezioro Sporackie 1.5 km S of 53°47’N Bc 5201 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DNH Babilon 17°26’E kowska Plain 85 Nawionek* 2 km S of 53°55’N Bc 3310 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DVND 17°32’E kowska Plain 86 0RF]DGâR NP6:RI 53°49’N Bc 4410 Bory Tucholskie T - 0ċFLNDâ 17°38’E Forest 87 Jezioro Bardze E of Stara 53°46’N Bc 5201 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T - 0DâH/DNH 5RJRĩQLFD 17°26’E kowska Plain
17 Table 1 cont.
88 0ċWQH 3 km N of 53°47’N Bc 4411 Bory Tucholskie R - Rytel 17°47’E Forest 89 Jezioro=GUċF]QR 2.5 km SE of 53°42’N Bc 6501 Bory Tucholskie T - /DNH =DSċGRZR 17°54’E Forest 90 Jeziorka Kozie 2.5 km SE of 53°41’N Bc 6501 Bory Tucholskie R /DNH =DSċGRZR 17°53’E Forest 91 Jezioro0Dâ\ 0.5 km S of 53°43’N Bc 5411 Bory Tucholskie T - 6XV]HN/DNH Suszek 17°46’E Forest 92 Bagno Grzybna* NP:RI 53°41’N Bc 6601 Bory Tucholskie T- Okoniny Pol- 18°02’E Forest skie 93 Bagno Okoniny NP1: 53°41’N Bc 6601 Bory Tucholskie T - of Okoniny 18°03’E Forest Polskie 94 Martwe* 1.5 km N of 53°37’N Bc 6711 Bory Tucholskie T - Pruskie 18°12’E Forest 95 Dury* 4 km N 53°38’N Bc 6811 Bory Tucholskie R- of Osie 18°21’E Forest 96 Osiny* 1 km S of 53°38’N Bd 6010 Bory Tucholskie R - Osiny 18°36’E Forest 97 Jezioro%âRWNR N of the Jezio- 53°50’N Bc 4300 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DNH ro%âRWNR/DNH 17°33’E kowska Plain 98 -HOHĕ, NP1: 53°50’N Bc 4301 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T - of the Jezioro 17°35’E kowska Plain -HOHĕ/DNH IRU- HVWVHFWLRQ I 99 -HOHĕ,, NP1: 53°50’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T - of the Jezioro 17°34’E kowska Plain -HOHĕ/DNH IRUHVWVHFWLRQ E 100 Jezioro*âXFKH Around the 53°49’N Bc 4310 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DNH Jezioro*âXFKH 17°33’E kowska Plain /DNH 101 Jezioro Kacze 6:RIWKH 53°49’N Bc 4310 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R- 2NR/DNH Jezioro3âċVQR 17°32’E kowska Plain /DNH 102 Jezioro Rybie 6:RIWKH 53°49’N Bc 4310 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R- 2NR/DNH Jezioro3âċVQR 17°32’E kowska Plain /DNH 103 Jezioro Nierybno N of the Jezio- 53°50’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R - /DNH ro Nierybno 17°34’E kowska Plain /DNH 104 3ċWOD/LSQLFNLHJR NE of the 53°49’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- 3âċVQR/DNH 17°34’E kowska Plain GLVXVHGSHDW H[FDYDWLRQSLW 105 Jezioro*âyZND :RIWKH-HJe- 53°48’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DNH zioro*âyZND 17°34’E kowska Plain /DNH 106 Jezioro.RFLRâ Around the 53°49’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DNH Jezioro.RFLRâ 17°35’E kowska Plain /DNH
18 Table 1 cont.
107 Jezioro.RFLRâHN Around the Je- 53°49’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- T- /DNH zioro.RFLRâHN 17°36’E kowska Plain /DNH 108 Jezioro:LHONLH N and E bank 53°48’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R- *DFQR/DNH of the Jezioro 17°34’E kowska Plain :LHONLH*DFQR /DNH 109 Peatbog near S of the Jezio- 53°47’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R - -H]LRUR:LHONLH ro:LHONLH 17°34’E kowska Plain *DFQR/DNH *DFQR/DNH 110 Glabus :RIWKH-H]LRJezio- 53°48’N Bc 4311 5yZQLQD&KDU]\Charzy- R - ro Ostrowite 17°35’E kowska Plain /DNH 111 :LHOH²/XEQLD NP1:RI 53°56’N Bc 3500 Bory Tucholskie T- :LHOH NP 17°49’E Forest 1(RI/XEQLD 112 Jezioro 1(RI:G]\- 53°58’N Bc 2610 Bory Tucholskie T- *âXFKyZNR/DNH dze Tucholskie 17°56’E Forest 113 .UXV]\ĕVNLH E of Kruszynia; 53°60’N Bc 2610 Bory Tucholskie R- %âRWD²*âXFKH NP6:RI 17°59’E Forest Olpuch 114 Torfowisko Stru- 1 km S of 54°02’N Bc 2600 Bory Tucholskie T- pino Juszki 17°58’E Forest 115 Bruskowskie E of Bruskowo 54°29’N Ab 6911 5yZQLQD6âXSVND R- Bagno :LHONLH 16°56’E Plain 116 6âRZLĕVNLH%âRWD NP1:RI 54°21’N Ab 8601 5yZQLQD6âXSVND R - 6âRZLQR 16°29’E Ab 8611 Plain 117 Jezioro 2 km SE of 54°20’N Ab 8811 5yZQLQD6âXSVND T- ĞFLHJQLFNLH/DNH ĞFLHJQLFD 16°49’E Plain 118 Janiewickie NP6:RI 54°16’N Bb 9810 5yZQLQD6âXSVND R- Bagno* Janiewice 16°44’E Plain 119 Kruszyna- 0.5 km SE of 54°20’N Ac 8010 5yZQLQD6âXSVND T- 3âDV]HZR Kruszyna 17°00’E Plain 120 7RUIRZLVNR=LHOLĕ 1RI=LHOLĕ 54°15’N Ac 9011 :\VRF]\]QD3R- R- Miastecki* 17°06’E lanowska Plateau 121 %LDâRJyUD NE of 54°49’N Ac 3600 :\EU]HīH T- %LDâRJyUD 17°58’E 6âRZLĕVNLH&RDVW 122 Kluki* NP:RI 54°41’N Ac 4210 :\EU]HīH R- Kluki 17°19’E 6âRZLĕVNLH&RDVW 123 Czarne Bagno – SE of Kokoszki 54°34’N Ac 6301 Pradolina Redy- R- Karolinki* 17°34’E áHE\3URWR9DOOH\ 124 Bagna Izbickie* 2 km S of 54°39’N Ac 5201 :\EU]HīH R- Izbica 17°25’E 6âRZLĕVNLH&RDVW 125 Torfowisko 6:RI3REâRFLH 54°37’N Ac 5310 :\VRF]\]QD'DP- R- 3REâRFNLH 17°29’E nicka Plateau 126 /DV*yUNRZVNL NP1:RI 54°40’N Ac 5301 Pradolina Redy- R- Cececnowo 17°34’E áHE\3URWR9DOOH\ 127 ĪXUDZLH 1:RI0R- 54°20’N Ac 8610 Pojezierze T- Chrusty* juszowska 17°57’E .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- Huta land 128 .XU]H*U]ċG\ NP1:RI 54°23’N Ac 8600 Pojezierze R - %ĆF] 17°58’E .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- land
19 Table 1 cont.
129 ĪXUDZLH%âRWD NP:RI 54°25’N Ac 7611 Pojezierze R - Nowa Huta 18°00’E Ac 8601 .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- land 130 /HğQH2F]NR 2.5 km E of 54°22’N Ac 8611 Pojezierze R - Miechucino 18°03’E .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- land 131 Staniszewskie 2 km N of 54°22’N Ac 8601 Pojezierze R - %âRWR Miechucino 18°02’E .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- land 132 ĪXURPLQR, 1 km N of 54°15’N Ac 9610 Pojezierze R- ĪXURPLQR 17°58’E .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- land 133 ĪXURPLQR,, 1RIĪXURPLQR 54°14’N Bc 0600 Pojezierze R- 17°57’ E .DV]XEVNLH/DNH- land 134 Jezioro Ciche 1.5 km SE of 53°35’N Bc 7800 :\VRF]\]QD R - /DNH :LHU]FK\ 18°16’E ĞZLHFND3ODWHDX
Selection of sites, plant communities and permanent research plots. A well-preserved YHJHWDWLRQFRYHUZDVWKHPDLQFULWHULRQIRUVLWHVHOHFWLRQ6LWHVZLWKZHOOGHYHORSHGÁR- ristically homogenous patches of peatland communities were pre-selected for analysis. %RWKSXEOLVKHG -$612:6.,1962a, 1990; -$612:6.,et al. 1968; HERBICHOWA1979, 1998a; -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1981, 1983e; %5=(*et al. 1995, 1996; ,/1,&.,2002;HERBICHOWA et al. DQGXQSXEOLVKHGGDWDHJUHFRUGVFRQFHUQLQJSURWHFWHGDUHDVRULQIRUPDWLRQ obtained from botanists and foresters, were used to locate and choose the sites. &RPPXQLWLHVÁRULVWLFDOO\DQGSK\WRVRFLRORJLFDOO\ZHOOUHFRJQL]HGUHFRUGHGIUHTXHQWO\LQ raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania, were selected for mycological investigations of SHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHVLQWKHUHJLRQ -$612:6.,1962a; -$612:6.,et al. 1968; HERBICHOWA 1979, 1998a;2004a, b -$612:6.$ -$612:6., 1981, 1983a, b, c, d; *26 HERBICHOWA 1991; %5=(*et al. 1995, 1996; HERBICHOWA 3272&.$; %$1$Ğ67$1.,(:,&= 2007a, b, c). Habitat conditions of a peatland community and the homogeneity of its patches were GHFLVLYHLQGHWHUPLQLQJWKHVL]HVKDSHDQGQXPEHURISHUPDQHQWUHVHDUFKSORWV FIBUJA- .,(:,&= 7KHFRPPXQLW\W\SHLQZKLFKLQYHVWLJDWLRQVZHUHFRQGXFWHGZDVDOVRXVHG WRHVWDEOLVKWKHSORWVL]H FIWOJEWODA 7KHVWDQGDUGSORWVL]HRIP2 ZLWKWKH exception of one 300 m2SORW FRPPRQO\XVHGLQ3RODQGDQGUHJDUGHGDVWKHRSWLPXP FI /,6,(:6.$ 1965, 1978; FRIEDRICH ZDVDSSOLHGLQIRUHVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV but it ranged between 40 and 400 m2 in non-forest peatland communities. This variation in non-forest phytocoenoses was caused by the frequent mosaic occurrence of plant commu- QLWLHVLQUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV 3$:á2:6., =$5=<&., 3,2752:6.$1997; JAS- 12:6.$et al. DQGWKHUHVXOWLQJGLIÀFXOW\LQÀQGLQJDSSURSULDWHO\ODUJHKRPRJHQRXV vegetation patches to set up uniformly-sized plots. Therefore some permanent research plots in non-forest peatland communities consisted of several sections and one phytoso- FLRORJLFDOUHOHYpZDVSHUIRUPHGFRPSULVLQJDQXPEHURISDUWLDODUHDV FI'=:21.2 )5,('5,&+ 3HUPDQHQWUHVHDUFKSORWV LQWRWDO ZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGLQHLJKWQRQIRUHVWSHDWODQG communities: Caricetum limosae SORWV Rhynchosporetum albae Eriophoro an- gustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi Caricetum lasiocarpae Caricetum rostratae
20 Erico-Sphagnetum medii Sphagnetum magellanici and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax DQGLQSDWFKHVRIWZRIRUHVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV Vac- cinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Substrate analysis&ROOHFWLYHSHDWVDPSOHV IURPWRVSRWVDWHDFKSORWGHSHQGLQJRQ LWVVL]HDWDGHSWKRIFP ZHUHFROOHFWHGIRUFKHPLFDOVXEVWUDWHDQDO\VHVWRGHWHUPLQH habitat parameters at each of 108 permanent research plots. The substrate was sampled in September or early October. The following parameters were determined in substrate samples: the content of ammo- QLDQLWURJHQDQGQLWUDWHQLWURJHQ WKHGLVWLOODWLRQPHWKRG WKHFRQWHQWRIQLWULWHQLWURJHQ FRORULPHWULFDOO\ ZLWK WKH *ULHVV PHWKRG WKH FRQWHQW RI SKRVSKRUXV FRORULPHWULFDOO\ ZLWKWKHSKRVSKRPRO\EGDWHEOXHPHWKRG S+UHDFWLRQ SRWHQWLRPHWULFDOO\ KXPLGLW\ E\ ZHLJKWLQDPRLVWXUHEDODQFH $QDO\VHVZHUHSHUIRUPHGLQWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI(QYLURQ- PHQW3URWHFWLRQDQG'HYHORSPHQW:HVW3RPHUDQLDQ8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\6]F]HFLQ Analysis results are presented in a Table 2.
Ta b l e 2 Selected physico-chemical properties of the substrate
PN Plot Humidity Community pH P-PO N-NH N-NO N-NO number 4 4 3 2 mg/100g of moist peat Caricetum limosae B2a 91.4 4.53 0.07 0.89 0.28 0.004 Ch1 95.3 4.65 0.06 1.54 0.28 0.003 Ch2 91.3 4.45 0.06 1.20 0.22 0.003 SD3 94.7 4.85 0.16 0.21 0.01 0.001 SD4 94.5 4.65 0.12 0.21 0.01 0.001 Ka1 91.1 4.35 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.003 ĞFD 93.8 4.34 0.03 0.59 0.14 0.002 Ka9 95.1 4.35 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.004 Ka5 94.5 4.25 0.02 0.12 0.11 0.003 B7 90.2 4.72 0.07 0.35 0.21 0.003 B8 92.2 4.55 0.06 0.33 0.21 0.003 ĞF 93.8 4.53 0.07 0.78 0.23 0.004 Z6 95.2 4.54 0.03 1.12 0.14 0.050 Rhynchosporetum albae ZB7 93.9 4.20 0.08 0.35 0.21 0.004 ZB8 93.8 4.23 0.08 0.40 0.22 0.004 SD12 94.6 4.42 0.14 0.21 0.05 0.001 RM1 93.7 4.04 0.12 0.01 0.14 0.001 RM2 93.6 4.17 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.001 RM3 93.5 4.07 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.001 JCM2 97.1 4.93 0.03 0.11 0.08 0.002 JCM3 94.7 4.31 0.05 0.03 0.14 0.002 Ka11 93.3 4.35 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.001 Cz13 93.1 4.22 0.21 0.98 0.28 0.002 Ī%â 93.3 3.88 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.001 Z12 95.2 4.55 0.02 0.25 0.14 0.003 B10 92.2 4.54 0.07 0.11 0.08 0.001
21 Table 2 cont.
Caricetum lasiocarpae Ka3a 89.1 4.64 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.001 TT12 94.1 4.85 0.03 0.11 0.08 0.001 TT13 94.7 4.43 0.03 0.13 0.07 0.002 ZB1 92.5 4.60 0.08 0.28 0.14 0.001 ZB2 94.5 4.30 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.001 ZB2a 93.2 4.50 0.07 0.14 0.07 0.001 SD1 95.6 4.33 0.07 0.03 0.12 0.002 SD2 85.3 3.91 0.19 0.34 0.32 0.004 Z1 89.6 4.75 0.05 0.11 0.10 0.001 Ka2 90.6 4.65 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.001 Ka3 88.3 4.20 0.14 0.17 0.16 0.002 Eriophoro angustifolii- Ka8 94.4 4.13 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.002 Sphagnetum recurvi ZB9 96.5 4.14 0.03 0.09 0.09 0.002 ZB10 95.5 4.24 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.002 SD13 95.6 4.40 0.07 0.04 0.12 0.003 Nw1 94.3 4.01 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.008 Nw2 93.6 4.30 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.003 ĪXU 94.6 4.46 0.04 0.28 0.14 0.004 ĪXU 95.2 4.07 0.06 0.28 0.14 0.004 Ka15 94.1 4.33 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.001 B16 94.5 4.03 0.07 0.16 0.09 0.004 Ī%â 95.6 4.59 0.37 0.04 0.12 0.003 K18 91.2 4.32 0.04 1.40 0.14 0.015 ĞF 89.5 4.53 0.07 0.98 0.28 0.004 Caricetum rostratae Ka5a 96.3 4.11 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.002 Ka6 94.4 4.13 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.002 ZB3 96.5 4.20 0.08 0.28 0.14 0.001 ZB4 94.5 4.20 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.001 SD5 91.5 4.05 0.19 0.28 0.05 0.001 SD6 92.9 4.59 0.15 0.28 0.05 0.001 ĞF 92.5 4.15 0.16 0.21 0.05 0.001 ĞF 90.5 4.08 0.14 0.56 0.28 0.007 Erico-Sphagnetum medii Ī%â 90.3 3.78 0.03 0.17 0.13 0.008 Ī%â 91.8 3.81 0.12 0.32 0.28 0.004 :U] 93.5 3.96 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.004 :U] 94.3 3.80 0.03 0.22 0.29 0.003 Rob3 92.2 4.15 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.003 Rob4 83.9 3.64 0.01 0.28 0.25 0.009 Str1 93.6 3.90 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.004 Str1A 88.2 3.85 0.01 0.31 0.13 0.009 TT1 94.5 3.89 0.06 0.26 0.14 0.002 Sphagnetum magellanici ZB5 91.8 4.02 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.007 ZB6 92.4 4.16 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.008 P-38c 94.1 4.15 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.007 ĪXU 91.2 4.45 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.008 SD9 94.2 4.05 0.07 0.40 0.30 0.002 SD10 91.4 4.35 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.004 SD11 91.8 4.38 0.10 0.20 0.09 0.005 ĪXU 92.2 4.50 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.007 ĪXU 93.3 4.35 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.007 JCM1 91.6 4.08 0.5 0.07 0.06 0.003
22 Table 2 cont.
Community Rep1 89.2 4.40 0.03 0.80 0.07 0.002 Eriophorum vaginatum- K12 91.4 4.60 0.40 0.15 0.05 0.003 Sphagnum fallax K13 93.2 4.30 0.40 0.16 0.06 0.003 D6 85.6 4.10 0.06 1.54 0.14 0.004 N9 90.6 4.32 0.03 1.12 0.14 0.003 Z-Ia 90.2 4.10 0.40 0.07 0.06 0.002 SD7 89.9 4.16 0.06 0.45 0.15 0.002 SD8 88.7 3.90 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.004 P-38a 93.2 4.54 0.006 0.05 0.11 0.002 P-38b 92.1 4.45 0.006 0.06 0.12 0.003 B1 89.7 4.53 0.07 0.98 0.28 0.004 Vaccinio uliginosi- ZB14 90.1 4.14 0.15 0.55 0.34 0.003 Pinetum ZB15 86.4 3.76 0.17 0.38 0.24 0.015 Nw6 89.7 3.82 0.18 0.65 0.18 0.005 Nw7 91.1 4.11 0.17 0.66 0.17 0.004 Nw8 91.4 3.99 0.04 0.35 0.20 0.003 SD16 90.2 3.94 0.03 0.31 0.20 0.003 Ī%â 88.8 3.82 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.003 Ī%â 91.7 3.95 0.16 0.22 0.14 0.004 JCM4 92.2 3.85 0.11 1.30 0.56 0.003 JCM5 92.6 3.86 0.13 0.35 0.20 0.004 Vaccinio uliginosi- ZB12 90.9 4.17 0.10 0.19 0.16 0.003 Betuletum pubescentis ZB11 93.3 4.06 0.07 0.45 0.15 0.003 ZB13 84.2 3.80 0.24 0.38 0.26 0.009 Nw3 90.4 3.99 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.016 Nw4 77.0 3.64 0.16 0.15 0.37 0.003 Nw5 82.8 3.75 0.09 1.13 1.20 0.007 SD14 94.0 4.71 0.09 0.28 0.26 0.002 SD15 85.2 4.51 0.27 0.28 0.25 0.011 Z20 83.7 4.55 0.08 0.84 0.77 0.003 Z-Ic 88.9 4.15 0.37 1.12 0.28 0.006
Vegetation analysis. Phytosociological relevés were performed with the classical Braun- Blanquet method to identify plant communities at 108 permanent research plots selected for systematic mycological observations. They are presented separately in tables for each SODQW FRPPXQLW\ $SSHQGL[ 7DEV$$ 3XEOLVKHG SK\WRVRFLRORJLFDO UHOHYpV ZHUHDOVRLQFOXGHGLQWKHWDEOHV 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(.D 7KHV\VWHPDWLFVDQGWKH nomenclature were accepted after 0$786=.,(:,&=: -$612:6., et al. DQG DIERSSEN The nomenclature of vascular plants follows 0,5(. et al. DQGWKH nomenclature of mosses is according to OCHYRA et al. Mycological investigations. The richness and diversity of macromycetes occurring in raised and transitional bogs in Pomerania were investigated with the permanent research plot method and the route method. Systematic mycological observations at 108 permanent plots were conducted once a month on average between April and November over three to four vegetative seasons. Between 10 and 26 observations were conducted at each plot. A total 2 388 mycological observations were carried out. All species of fungi were either collected or noted at individual plots each time and WKHVXEVWUDWHRQZKLFKWKH\JUHZZDVLGHQWLÀHG7KHRFFXUUHQFHDEXQGDQFHRIVSHFLHV
23 producing ephemeral fruit bodies was estimated using the three-point scale by -$+1et al. r rarus ²DVSHFLHVRFFXUULQJVLQJO\RULQIHZVSHFLPHQVLQRQHSODFHDWDSORWn numerus ²DVSHFLHVQRWRFFXUULQJQXPHURXVO\VFDWWHUHGDWDSORWa abundans ²DVSH- cies with a high number of specimens, in many places at a plot. In this study fungi are divided into three bioecological groups: mycorrhizal, sapro- trophic and parasitic fungi. They were categorized in bioecological groups based on the substrate colonized and the live form of individual species after, for instance, .18'6(1 9(67(5+2/7 DQGRINALDI et al. 6DSURWURSKLFIXQJLZHUHIXUWKHUGLYLGHGLQWR fungi growing on peat, litter, wood, animal dung, other fungi, and among mosses. The results of mycological observations conducted at research plots are given in com- prehensive tables presenting the contribution of macroscopic fungi in individual peatland FRPPXQLWLHV $SSHQGL[ 7DEV$$ 3XEOLVKHGP\FRVRFLRORJLFDOUHOHYpVZHUHDOVR LQFOXGHGLQWKHWDEOHV 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(.D 0\FRORJLFDOUHOHYpVLQWKHWDEOHVDUH DUUDQJHGE\P\FRORJLFDOSUREDELOLW\LHE\WKHFRQWULEXWLRQRIWKHVSHFLHVLQFRPPRQ FRIE- DRICH 6SHFLHVRIIXQJLLQELRHFRORJLFDOJURXSVZHUHRUJDQLVHGE\WKHIUHTXHQF\RI their occurrence and its abundance. The number of records and the occurrence abundance XSSHULQGH[ DFFRUGLQJWRWKHVFDOHE\-$+1et al. DUHJLYHQIRUVSHFLHVSURGXFLQJ ephemeral fruit bodies. Fungal species with permanent, annual or perennial fruit bodies are marked with an “x”. The number of vegetative seasons in which their living fruit bodies were observed is given for these species. Constancy degrees were calculated with the Braun- Blanquet method used in phytosociology. If the number of mycosociological relevés was IHZHUWKDQWHQWKHQXPEHURISORWVDWZKLFKDVSHFLHVZDVUHFRUGHG IUHTXHQF\ LVJLYHQ The route method was used to investigate 134 peatlands in addition to systematic in- vestigations at permanent research plots. Entire sites were thoroughly searched and spe- cies of fungi occurring in peatland communities selected for mycological analyses were either collected or recorded as part of the route method. The syntaxonomic position of the patches was determined during the investigations but the occurrence abundance of fungi was not calculated. Investigations at individual sites with the route method were usually performed two to three times per year over a period of one to three years. Relationships between macroscopic fungi and peatland communities were investigated DQGGHVFULEHGXVLQJWKHV\QWKHWLFFRPSDUDWLYHPHWKRG %8-$.,(:,&= )LGHOLW\ and constancy of the occurrence and the abundance of fruit body production of fungal spe- cies recorded at permanent research plots in peatland communities were used to assess these UHODWLRQVKLSV7KHUHVXOWVDUHSUHVHQWHGLQFROOHFWLYHWDEOHV $SSHQGL[ 7DEV$$ A synthetic table was developed to render the occurrence of all species of macroscopic fun- JLZLWKLQWKHELRHFRORJLFDOJURXSVDJDLQVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ The species of fungi are arranged in the table by their contribution to individual communities and the degrees of constancy and the number of plots at which a species was recorded. The nomenclature of Ascomycota is given after &+0,(/ HANSEN .18'6(1 DQG08á(1.2 et al. 2008, Basidiomycota after .18'6(1 9(67(5+2/7 DQG LEGON et al. H[FHSWIXQJLRIWKHRUGHUUstilaginales s.l., whose nomenclature follows 0$-(:6.,et al. 7KHV\VWHPDWLFFODVVLÀFDWLRQRIIXQJLLVDFFHSWHGDIWHU.,5. et al. 7KUHDWHQHGVSHFLHVRIIXQJLDUHJLYHQDIWHUWOJEWODA á$:5<12:,&= A list of macroscopic fungi and information regarding the habitat, occurrence site and collection date are given in Appendix 2. The herbarium documentation is deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of %RWDQ\DQG1DWXUH&RQVHUYDWLRQ6]F]HFLQ8QLYHUVLW\ 6=8%
24 Selection criteria and the list of peatland fungi. Cartogram preparation methods. The substrate type on which a species grows and the habitat in which it occurs were the main criteria to distinguish a group of peatland fungi among macroscopic fungi recorded in WKHVWXG\DUHD7KHOLVWRIVSHFLHVRISHDWODQGIXQJLLVEDVHGRQ GDWDFROOHFWHGLQWKLV VWXG\GXULQJÀHOGLQYHVWLJDWLRQV SHUPDQHQWUHVHDUFKSORWVDQGSHDWODQGSHQHWUDWLRQZLWK WKHURXWHPHWKRG DYDLODEOHOLWHUDWXUHGDWDUHJDUGLQJ3RPHUDQLDDQGRWKHUUHJLRQV RI3RODQG WOJEWODA 2003; &+0,(/ DQGWKHOLWHUDWXUHFLWHGLQERWK DYDULHW\ RIP\FRORJLFDOVWXGLHVDQGHVSHFLDOO\SHDWODQGUHODWHGVWXGLHV 7+250$11 5,&( 2007; DQGWKHOLWHUDWXUHFLWHGWKHUHLQ DQG QXPHURXVPRQRJUDSKVVXFKDVWKHPRVWUHFHQW study on agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid fungi by .18'6(1 9(67(5+2/7 7KH list also includes bryophilous fungi, mostly associated with sphagna, and mycorrhizal fungi growing mainly in peatlands, e.g., 6XLOOXV ÁDYLGXV. Species parasitizing peatland plants, e.g., Monilinia oxycocci, are included. Fungal species with a broad ecological scale also RFFXUULQJLQRWKHUSODQWFRPPXQLWLHVZHUHRPLWWHG7KHÀQDOWRWDOQXPEHURIVSHFLHV RIIXQJLDUHOLVWHG(FRORJLFDOJHRJUDSKLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDUHEULHÁ\GHVFULEHGIRUHDFKDQG WKHGLVWULEXWLRQLQ3RPHUDQLDLVPDSSHG $SSHQGL[ Geographic elements were not distinguished due to the lack of comprehensive data. Information on the occurrence of the fungi is given only when fungal species are character- ized. The exception is made for species such as Bovista paludosaWKDWDUHDOUHDG\FODVVLÀHG LQDVSHFLÀFJHRJUDSKLFHOHPHQW Cartogram maps were based on my investigations and all available published data 0$*186 1893, after '20,1,. 1936; '20,1,. 3$&+/(:6., 1955; %8-$.,(:,&= ),./(- WICZ 1963; 6.,5*,(áá2 1972, 1984/1986; %8-$.,(:,&= /,6,(:6.$ 1983; FRIEDRICH 1984, 1985/1986, 1994, 1997, 2002, 2006; %8-$.,(:,&= 1986; -$612:6.$ et al. 1993; '20$Ĕ6., 1997, after WOJEWODA 2003; á$:5<12:,&= 1998; .20252:6.$ 2000; á$:5<12:,&= 6=- .2'=,. 2002; á$:5<12:,&= et al. 2002; 627(. et al.2004; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 2003, 2004a, b; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 67$6,Ĕ6.$et al. :,/*$ .8-$:$ *,(5&=<. DQG unpublished information reported from Pomerania since the late 19th century. They were GHYHORSHGXVLQJWKH$732/JULGVTXDUHV\VWHP =$-ą& ZLWKP\FRORJLFDOPRGLÀFD- WLRQV :2-(:2'$ $NPïNPVTXDUHZDVWKHEDVLFFDUWRJUDPXQLW$VSHFLÀF peatland was used as a locality. 7KHP\FRORJ\RISHDWODQGVLQ3RPHUDQLDLVSRRUO\UHFRJQL]HG VFDUFHOLWHUDWXUHDQG KHUEDULXPGDWD DQGWKHPDSV $SSHQGL[ JLYHLQWURGXFWRU\LQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHGLVWULEX- tion of the species of peatland fungi in the region. Statistical methods 6LPLODULW\FRHIÀFLHQW. To measure mycological similarity between plant communities, the VLPLODULW\FRHIÀFLHQW 3 ZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ-DFFDUGDQG6WHLQKDXV·VIRUPXOD 1(63,$. 1959; .5(%6 F P = ï D E where: a²WKHQXPEHURIIXQJDOVSHFLHVLQWKHÀUVWFRPPXQLW\b – the number of fungal species in the second community, c – the number of fungal species that occur in both communities.
Analysis results of the species composition of fungi in the communities based on this coef- ÀFLHQWDUHSUHVHQWHGDVDVLPLODULW\GLDJUDP 1(63,$.
25 Numerical analyses. General remarks. Data on the occurrence of species of fungi and plants LQYHJHWDWLRQSDWFKHVEDVHGRQSK\WRVRFLRORJLFDO $SSHQGL[ 7DEV$$ DQGP\- FRVRFLRORJLFDOUHOHYpV $SSHQGL[ 7DEV$$ DQGHQYLURQPHQWDOYDULDEOHVRE- WDLQHGLQVRLOPHDVXUHPHQWV 7DE ZHUHXVHGLQQXPHULFDODQDO\VHV FI'=:21.2 Data on the number of fungal species belonging to individual trophic groups collected in mycological relevés were also treated as environmental variables. Correlations between WKHRFFXUUHQFHRIIXQJLSODQWVDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUVZHUHH[DPLQHGDQGLGHQWLÀHG ZLWKWKHGHWUHQGHGFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQDO\VLV '&$ DUUDQJLQJVSHFLHVDQGUHOHYpVDQGWKH SDUWLDOFDQRQLFDOFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQDO\VLV &&$ 7(5%5$$. ã0,/$8(5 'DWDRQWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIVSHFLHVDWWKHSORWVZHUHUHFRUGHGDVELQDU\YDOXHV WKHSUHV- HQFHRUDEVHQFHRIDVSHFLHV RQDGLFKRWRPRXVVFDOH+DELWDWGDWDDQGRWKHUTXDQWLWDWLYH measures describing the plot size and the number of fungi and plants at the plots were recorded on an interval scale. 6WDWLVWLFDOVLJQLÀFDQFHRIHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUV7KHVWDWLVWLFDOVLJQLÀFDQFHRIHQYLURQPHQ- tal factors to elucidate the mycological variability of vegetation patches was judged by WKH 0RQWH &DUOR SHUPXWDWLRQ WHVW 0$1/< DQG VWHSZLVH IRUZDUG VHOHFWLRQ XVLQJ &$12&2IRU:LQGRZV 7(5%5$$. ã0,/$8(5 7KHIDFWRUWKDWEHVWH[SODLQVWKH YDULDELOLW\RIWKHHQWLUHVHWRIYDULDEOHVLVÀUVWVHOHFWHGDQGWKHVHTXHQFH UDQNLQJ RIRWKHU IDFWRUVLVGHWHUPLQHGEDVHGRQWKHLUGHFUHDVLQJVLJQLÀFDQFHIRUWKHWRWDOYDULDELOLW\RIWKH VHWLQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKHYDULDEOHVSUHYLRXVO\VHOHFWHG7KHPHDVXUHRIÀWLVWKHVXPRI all eigenvalues of the CCA with each variable as the only additional variable. The program UHSRUWV´H[WUDÀWµ /DPEGD$ ZKLFKLVWKHFKDQJHLQWKHVXPRIDOO&&$HLJHQYDOXHV DGGLWLRQDOYDULDQFH ZKHQWKHVXFFHVVLYHYDULDEOHLVDGGHG,WVLJQLÀFDQWO\LQÁXHQFHVWKH model when its error value p equals or is lower than 0.05. 7KHSORWVL]HDQGWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRISODQWV IRUWKHVHWRIIXQJL DQGWKHWRWDO QXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIIXQJL IRUWKHGDWDVHWRISODQWV ZHUHQRWWKHSULPHUHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQ and therefore should not enter the synthetic gradients. This can be achieved by their status GHÀQHGDVFRYDULDEOHVWRSDUWLDORXWWKHLULQÁXHQFH7KLVLVDSDUWLDO&&$WKDWDPRXQWVWR a normal CCA but with the extra requirements that each synthetic gradient must be uncor- UHODWHGZLWKWKHFRYDULDEOHV 7(5%5$$. 9(5'216&+27 $WRWDORI UDQGRPSHU- PXWDWLRQVZHUHXVHGWRWHVWWKHVLJQLÀFDQFHRIIDFWRUVZLWKWKH0RQWH&DUORPHWKRG DCA. 0\FRORJLFDOGDWD IXQJL ZHUHDUUDQJHGXVLQJWKHGHWUHQGHGFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQDO\VLV 7(5%5$$. ã0,/$8(5 2002; '=:21.2 7KHV\QWD[RQRPLFFODVVLÀFDWLRQDFFRUGLQJ to 0$786=.,(:,&= : ZDV VXSHULPSRVHG RQ WKH RUGLQDWLRQ RI P\FRORJLFDO UHOHYpV DQGIXQJDOVSHFLHV)LYHP\FRVRFLRORJLFRHFRORJLFDOJURXSVRIIXQJDOVSHFLHVZHUHLGHQWLÀHG 7DE 7KHQDPHRIHDFKJURXSLVEDVHGRQWKH/DWLQQDPHRIWKHKLJKHVWFRQVWDQF\VSH- cies or the species recorded most numerously and frequently in the pytocoenoses.
CCA and GLM. 7KHSDUWLDOFDQRQLFDOFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQDO\VLV 7(5%5$$. SHUIRUPHGZLWK&$12&2IRU:LQGRZV 7(5%5$$. ã0,/$8(5 ZDVXVHGWRLGHQ- tify correlations between the occurrence of fungal species and habitat conditions of their occurrence. Two data matrices were constructed: one on the occurrence of species at 108 research plots and one with a description of their habitat parameters. Each research plot ZDVFODVVLÀHGLQRQHRIWKHSODQWFRPPXQLWLHV Caricetum lasiocarpae &DOD Caricetum limosae &DOL Caricetum rostratae &DUR , Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi (D6S , Erico-Sphagnetum medii (U6S , Rhynchosporetum albae 5KDO , Sphagnetum
26 magellanici 6SPD , Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum 9X3Q , Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pu- bescentis 9X%H , the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax ]E(Y (DFK IXQJDOVSHFLHVZDVFODVVLÀHGLQRQHRIIRXUELRHFRORJLFDOJURXSV 0 P\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL 6O OLWWHULQKDELWLQJIXQJL 6S VDSURWURSKLFIXQJLJURZLQJRQSHDW 6P VDSURWURSKLFIXQJL JURZLQJDPRQJPRVVHV 3DUDVLWLFIXQJLDQGOLJQLFRORXVIXQJLFRSURSKLORXVIXQJLRUIXQJL growing on other fungi were excluded because their occurrence depends on the presence of the host or suitable substrate. Species of fungi recorded only at one to three research SORWVZHUHDOVRRPLWWHGDVWKHLURFFXUUHQFHFDQEHDFFLGHQWDODQGPD\QRWUHÁHFWDFWXDO FRQGLWLRQV7KHPDWUL[GHVFULELQJVSHFLHVGLYHUVLW\FRQVLVWVRIUHVHDUFKSORWV URZV DQGELQDU\LQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIIXQJDOVSHFLHV FROXPQV 7KHPDWUL[UHS- resenting habitat variability at individual plots had 13 variables, i.e. columns describing:
+XP KXPLGLW\>@ S+ VRLOUHDFWLRQ WKHFRQWHQWRISKRVSKDWHV3324 [mg/100g], am- monium salts N-NH4>PJJ@ QLWUDWHV1123 [mg/100g], and nitrites N-NO2 [mg/100g] DVZHOODV$ SORWVL]H 11 WKHWRWDOQXPEHURISODQWVSHFLHV 1) WKHWRWDOQXPEHURI IXQJDOVSHFLHV 1)0 WKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL 1)6S WKHQXPEHU RIVSHFLHVRIVDSURWURSKLFIXQJLJURZLQJRQSHDW 1)6P WKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIIXQJL JURZLQJDPRQJPRVVHV DQG1)6O WKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIOLWWHULQKDELWLQJIXQJL $ SORWVL]H ZDVWUHDWHGDVDFRYDULDEOHWRSDUWLDORXWWKHLQÁXHQFHRIWKHSORWVL]HRQ the analysis results. 7KHVWDWLVWLFDOVLJQLÀFDQFHRIWKHLQÁXHQFHH[HUWHGE\KDELWDWYDULDEOHVRQWKHRFFXU- rence of species was assessed with the permutation Monte Carlo method. Permutations Q ZHUHFRPSXWHGXVLQJDUHGXFHGPRGHODQGWKHYDULDEOHVZHUHRUGHUHGE\IRU- ward selection. 7KHUHVXOWVZHUHUHSUHVHQWHGJUDSKLFDOO\XVLQJ&$12'5$: 7(5%5$$. ã0,/$8(5 7KHELSORWPHWKRGZDVXVHGWRYLVXDOL]HUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQHQYLURQPHQWDOYDUL- ables and species. A generalized linear model was employed to determine pH and Hum YDULDELOLW\JUDGLHQWVDWWKHSORWV 0&&8//$*+ 1(/'(5 ZLWKWKHQRUPDO *DXVVLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQDQGWKHTXDGUDWLFJUDGDWLRQLPSOHPHQWHGLQ&$12'5$:7KLVPHWKRGLV used as a substitute for the linear least-squares regression approach as binary variables are H[DPLQHGLQWKHDQDO\VLV/RJLVWLFUHJUHVVLRQLVREWDLQHG,WLVXVHGWRFDOFXODWHWKHSURE- DELOLW\RIWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIDQHYHQWE\ÀWWLQJGDWDWRWKHORJLVWLFFXUYH,WVVKDSHLVGHÀQHG in this study as a power function formed as a concave or convex parabola.
4. 5(68/760$&526&23,&)81*,,13($7/$1'&20081,7,(6 OF POMERANIA
4.1. Macromycetes in non-forest peatland communities
Caricetum limosae +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHV Mycological investigations were conducted in patches of Caricetum limosae at 13 permanent plots located in 6 peatlands: Bonin, Chomino, Kolonia .D]LPLHU]0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\ĞFLHQQH *âRZDF]UHVHUYH DQG=LHORQF]\Q )LJ Caricetum limosae patches develop in very moist sites in these peatlands. They are SDUWRITXDJPLUHVLQRYHUJURZLQJG\VWURSKLFODNHV .RORQLD.D]LPLHU]0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM
27 'REU]\F\ RU RFFXS\ SHUPDQHQWO\ ÁRRGHG ORFDO WHUUDLQ GHSUHVVLRQV %RQLQ &KRPLQR ĞFLHQQH The species composition of Caricetum limosae patches is poor. 7 to 10 species of vascu- lar plants and 3 to 5 moss species, mostly sphagna, were recorded. Species characteristic of the community, Carex limosa and Scheuchzeria palustris, occur together in the major- ity of the study phytocoenoses although one evidently dominates then. A constant and sometimes high contribution of Sphagnum fallax and Oxycoccus palustris is noted in the structure of the phytocoenoses. Dwarf pines and birches grow in some of them at Bonin, &KRPLQRDQG=LHORQF]\QSHDWODQGV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ $WRWDORIVSHFLHVLQ- cluding 16 species of vascular plants and 8 species of mosses, occur in Caricetum limosae phytocoenoses. Mycological features. Altogether 25 species of fungi, including 8 mycorrhizal, 13 sapro- trophic and 4 parasitic fungi, were recorded in Caricetum limosae at 13 permanent plots with a total area of 1 130 m2. Between 6 and 18 species were noted at individual plots $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 6DSURWURSKLFIXQJLDQGDPRQJWKHPEU\RSKLORXVIXQJLDV- sociated with sphagna, e.g., Galerina paludosa, G. sphagnorum and Arrhenia gerardiana, dominated in Caricetum limosae both quantitatively and qualitatively. Other bryophil- ous species such as Hypholoma elongatum and H. udum also occurred numerously. Spe- cies growing on plant remains were noted considerably less frequently, with Gymnopus androsaceus and Mycena galopus occurring more often. One species, Clavaria fragilis, was recorded on peat. Several mycorrhizal fungi were recorded. They included Lac- caria proxima, Cortinarius huronensis, Lactarius helvus, and Russula emetica, and they occurred exclusively at plots with Pinus sylvestris. Lyophyllum palustre was the most nu- merously and most frequently recorded species of parasitic fungi. Monilinia oxycocci, a species rare in Poland, occurred at one plot on fruits of Oxycoccus palustris depositing from the previous year.
Rhynchosporetum albae +DELWDW DQG ÁRULVWLF IHDWXUHV Mycological observations were conducted in patches of Rhynchosporetum albaeDWSHUPDQHQWSORWVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ SHDWODQGV %RQLQ&]HUW\ĕ Kolonia Kazimierz, Jezioro&ċJL0DâH0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\5RVLF]NL0LURVâDZVNLH =LHORQF]\Q=LHORQH%DJQDDQGĪyâZLD%âRý )LJ Rhynchosporetum albae phytocoe- QRVHVRFFXULQVWURQJO\K\GUDWHGSHULRGLFDOO\ÁRRGHGVLWHVLQWKHVHSHDWODQGV7KH\GH- YHORSRQWKHEDQNVRIRYHUJURZLQJG\VWURSKLFODNHV &]HUW\ĕJezioro&ċJL0DâH DQGLQ ÁDW PRLVW GHSUHVVLRQV LQ SHDWPRVV FRPPXQLWLHV %RQLQ 0V]DU NRâR 6WDUHM 'REU]\F\ 5RVLF]NL0LURVâDZVNLH DVZHOODVLQROGSHDWH[FDYDWLRQSLWV Jezioro&ċJL0DâH.RORQLD .D]LPLHU]=LHORQH%DJQD The species composition in Rhynchosporetum albae patches varies. Five to 11 species of vascular plants and 3 to 7 species of mosses were recorded. The phytocoenoses have a characteristic physiognomy created by abundant aggregations of Rhynchospora alba. Dro- sera rotundifolia and Eriophorum angustifolium are also permanent components of these phytocoenoses. Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens occur in some patches. 7KHPRVVOD\HULVPRVWO\FRPSRVHGE\VSKDJQDFKLHÁ\Sphagnum fallax, and S. cuspida- tumLQVRPHSK\WRFRHQRVHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ $WRWDORIVSHFLHVLQFOXGLQJ species of vascular plants and 13 moss species, were recorded in Rhynchosporetum albae phytocoenoses.
28 Mycological features. Rhynchosporetum albae is one of the poorest communities in fungi in the study area. Altogether only 12 macromycete species, including 3 mycor- rhizal, 8 saprotrophic and one parasitic species, were recorded at 13 permanent plots with a total area of 1 110 m2. Between 5 and 10 species were recorded at individual SORWV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 7KH SDWFKHV DUH VWURQJO\ K\GUDWHG DQG PRVWO\ VSH- cies attached to sphagna: Arrhenia gerardiana, Galerina paludosa, G. tibiicystis and G. sphagnorum, bryophilous species: Hypholoma elongatum and H. udum, and Lyophyllum palustre, which parasitizes sphagna, grow in the phytocoenoses. These fungi were re- corded many times at all of the plots with the exception of Arrhenia gerardiana, which was not recorded at one plot. Mycorrhizal fungi, including Cortinarius huronensis and Lactarius helvus, and litter-inhabiting fungi, Mycena galopus and Gymnopus androsa- ceus, occurred sporadically.
Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHV Thirteen permanent plots were established in phytocoe- noses of Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi in 9 peatlands: Bonin, Kolonia Kazi- PLHU] .RâRZR 0V]DU NRâR 6WDUHM 'REU]\F\ 1LHZLDGRZR ĞFLHQQH *âRZDF] UHVHUYH =LHORQH%DJQDĪyâZLD%âRýDQGĪXUDZLQD )LJ 3ORWVIRUP\FRORJLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQV ZHUHVHWXSLQSDWFKHVLQVWURQJO\K\GUDWHGVLWHVLQSHDWODQGGHSUHVVLRQV %RQLQ.RâRZR 0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\ĞFLHQQH RULQROGRYHUJURZLQJSHDWH[FDYDWLRQSLWV .RORQLD .D]LPLHU]=LHORQH%DJQD The species composition of Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi patches varies greatly. Altogether 6 to 16 species of vascular plants and 1 to 9 moss species were re- FRUGHG,WLVPRVWO\DÁDWFDUSHWSHDWPRVVFRPPXQLW\IRUPHGPDLQO\E\Eriophorum angustifolium and Sphagnum fallax. Oxycoccus palustris is also a permanent component of the phytocoenoses. Admixtures of other species, mostly Carex rostrata and Drosera ro- tundifolia, occur in some patches; Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens are also recorded. Sphagna dominate in the moss layer. As well as Sphagnum fallax, S. cuspidatum and S. palustreDOVRSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQVRPHSK\WRFRHQRVHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ $ total of 48 species, including 34 species of vascular plants and 14 moss species, occur in the Eriophoro-Sphagnetum phytocoenoses. Mycological features. Altogether 29 species of fungi, including 8 mycorrhizal, 19 sapro- trophic and 2 parasitic species, were recorded in Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi at 13 permanent plots with a total area of 3 370 m2 $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 7KHFRQWULEX- tion of fungi in the study phytocoenoses is uneven, both quantitatively and qualitatively. 7KHJUHDWHVWQXPEHURIVSHFLHVZDVUHFRUGHGLQWKHSDWFKLQ.RORQLD.D]LPLHU] DQG WKHVPDOOHVWQXPEHUZDVQRWHGDWWKHSORWLQĪyâZLD%âRý The greatest contribution of saprotrophic fungi was observed for species growing among sphagna and other moss species, e.g., Galerina paludosa, G. sphagnorum, G. tibiicystis, Hy- poloma elongatum, H. udum, and Arrhenia gerardiana, and on plant remains, e.g., Gym- nopus androsaceus, Mycena galopus and M. sanguinolenta. $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD, Hygrocybe coccineocrenata and Mycena adonis var. adonis, rarely noted in Poland, also occurred here. Mycorrhizal fungi are the least numerous group. Species recorded more frequently and noted at four to six plots include Thelephora terrestris, Laccaria proxima and Lactarius hel- vus. The group of parasitic fungi was species-poor and only Lyophyllum palustre occurred abundantly and was recorded at all of the plots.
29 Caricetum lasiocarpae +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHV Mycological investigations in Caricetum lasiocarpae were conducted at 11 permanent plots established in 5 peatlands: Kolonia Kazimierz, Mszar NRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\7RUIRZLVNR7RSRU]\N=LHORQF]\QDQG=LHORQH%DJQD )LJ 3K\- tocoenoses of Caricetum lasiocarpae LQ WKH 0V]DU NRâR 6WDUHM 'REU]\F\ .RORQLD .D]L- mierz and Zielonczyn peatlands develop as a characteristic, narrow belt adjacent to an overgrowing lake. The community also occurs on secondary habitats in Kolonia Kazimierz, Torfowisko Toporzyk and Zielone Bagna, occupying considerable areas of overgrowing peat pits. A total of 43 species, including 29 species of vascular plants and 14 moss species, occur in Caricetum lasiocarpae while 8 to 14 species of vascular plants and 3 to 8 moss species were recorded in individual phytocoenoses. They are formed mainly by Carex lasiocarpa, with Comarum palustre as another permanent component of the community. Eriophorum angustifolium, Carex rostrata and Menyanthes trifoliata grow in the majority of phytocoe- noses. The moss layer consists mainly of sphagna. Sphagnum fallax and S. cuspidatum oc- cur at nearly all the patches. Juvenile birch and pine individuals grow in some phytocoe- noses of Caricetum lasiocarpae. They form the shrub layer in some patches in the Kolonia .D]LPLHU]SHDWODQG $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ Mycological features. The species composition of fungi in Caricetum lasiocarpae phytocoe- QRVHVLVYHU\SRRU $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 2QO\SDWFKHVVLWXDWHGRQDVHFRQGDU\KDELWDW LQWKH .RORQLD .D]LPLHU] SHDWODQG SORWV.DD DQG.D DUH DQ H[FHSWLRQ %HWZHHQ and 20 species of fungi were recorded at individual plots. Altogether, 23 species of fungi, including 9 mycorrhizal, 12 saprotrophic and 2 parasitic species, were recorded at 11 per- manent plots with a total area of 1 020 m2. Bryophilous species dominated quantitatively; fungi attached to sphagna, e.g., Galerina paludosa, G. sphagnorum and G. tibiicystis, pre- vailed in the group. Hypholoma elongatum and H. udum were also some of the fungi occur- ring quite numerously and frequently. Mycorrhizal fungi, e.g., Laccaria proxima, Lactarius helvus, L. tabidus and Cortinarius huronensis, occurred more frequently only at plots Ka3a DQG.D .RORQLD.D]LPLHU] RIWHQZKHQWKHSK\WRFRHQRVHVZHUHSHULRGLFDOO\VWURQJO\ dried out. They are absent in other patches or occur sporadically. This is caused by fac- WRUVVXFKDVWKHDEVHQFHRIWUHHVDQGVKUXEVDQGVWURQJSDWFKÁRRGLQJHVSHFLDOO\DIWHU intensive rainfall. Fungi growing on plant remains occurred infrequently. Mycena galopus and Gymnopus androsaceus were recorded at the majority of the plots. Sphagna-infecting Lyophyllum palustre was the most frequently recorded parasitic species.
Caricetum rostratae +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHV Mycological observations in Caricetum rostratae were con- GXFWHGDWSHUPDQHQWSORWVHVWDEOLVKHGLQSHDWODQGV .RORQLD.D]LPLHU]0V]DUNRâR 6WDUHM'REU]\F\ĞFLHQQH *âRZDF]UHVHUYH DQG=LHORQH%DJQD )LJ 3K\WRFRHQRVHV ZLWKSHUPDQHQWSORWVDUHLQROGYDVWSHDWH[FDYDWLRQSLWV .RORQLD.D]LPLHU]=LHORQH %DJQD RULQÁDWVWURQJO\K\GUDWHGSHDWODQGGHSUHVVLRQV ĞFLHQQH0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'R- EU]\F\ The species composition of Caricetum rostratae patches varies. 7 to 12 species of vas- cular plants and 2 to 9 moss species were recorded. The moss layer is dense and strongly saturated with water. It is built up of sphagna, mainly Sphagnum fallax, and less frequently
30 S. cuspidatum, S. palustre, and S. squarrosum. Carex rostrata is an evident dominant in the herb layer; Eriophorum angustifolium and Comarum palustre are also permanent compo- nents. Raised-bog species: Alaucomnium palustre, Drosera rotundifolia, Oxycoccus palus- tris, and Sphagnum magellanicumDOVRRFFXULQVRPHSDWFKHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ A total of 29 species, including 18 species of vascular plants and 11 moss species, occur in Caricetum rostratae phytocoenoses. Mycological features. The species composition of macromycetes in Caricetum rostratae phytocoenoses is very poor. The number of taxa recorded in individual patches ranges IURPWR $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ $OWRJHWKHURQO\VSHFLHVRIIXQJLLQFOXGLQJP\- corrhizal, 10 saprotrophic and 1 parasitic species, were recorded at 8 permanent plots with a total area of 1 600 m2. Lyophyllum palustre parasitizing sphagna is the most numerously and frequently occurring species. Galerina paludosa, G. tibiicystis, Hypholoma elongatum and H. udum growing among sphagnum hummocks were also frequently recorded at all of the permanent plots. $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD grew among Carex rostrata shoots and sphagna. Mycena galopus was a more frequently noted fungus growing on dead plant remains. My- corrhizal fungi, e.g., Lactarius tabidus, L. helvus, and Laccaria proxima, occurred sporadi- cally and only in some phytocoenoses.
Erico-Sphagnetum medii +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHV Mycological observations in Erico-Sphagnetum medii were conducted at 9 permanent plots established in 5 peatlands: Roby, Stramniczka, Torfowisko 7RSRU]\N:U]RVLHFDQGĪyâZLD%âRý )LJ Erico-Sphagnetum medii phytocoenoses de- velop mostly in places used industrially in the past, elevated, with a variable hydration lev- HOVRPHWLPHVSHULRGLFDOO\GULHGRXWRUÁRRGHG :U]RVLHF LQWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHSHDWODQGV 7KH\GHYHORSLQROGORQJRYHUJURZQSHDWSLWV 5RE\6WUDPQLF]ND RUOHVVIUHTXHQWO\RQ G\NHVVHSDUDWLQJWKHP 7RUIRZLVNR7RSRU]\N Phytocoenoses of the community have a heathland-like, characteristic physiognomy in WKHÀHOGFUHDWHGE\DEXQGDQWDJJUHJDWLRQVRIErica tetralix in places. As well as Erica tetra- lix, Oxycoccus palustris, Andromeda polifolia and Drosera rotundifolia are permanent com- ponents of the herb layer. Calluna vulgaris, Eriophorum vaginatum, E. angustifolium and Molinia caerulea also grow in the majority of the patches. The moss layer is mostly formed by Sphagnum magellanicum and S. fallax, and less extensively by Aulacomnium palustre, Sphagnum capillifolium, S. papillosum and other Sphagnum spp. Birches and dwarf pines DUHUHFRUGHGLQVRPHSK\WRFRHQRVHV7KHODWWHURFFXUPRUHQXPHURXVO\RQO\LQ:U]RVLHF ERJ $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 'HDGVWXPSVORJVDQGEUDQFKHVZHUHIRXQGRQO\DWVRPH plots. A total of 33 species, including 20 species of vascular plants and 13 moss species, occur in Erico-Sphagnetum medii phytocoenoses. 7 to 16 species of vascular plants and 3 to 5 moss species were noted in individual plots. Mycological features. Altogether 54 species of fungi, including 22 mycorrhizal, 30 sapro- trophic and 2 parasitic species, were recorded in Erico-Sphagnetum medii at 9 permanent plots with a total area of 1 800 m27KHSORWLQ:U]RVLHFSHDWODQGZDVWKHULFKHVWVLWHLQ IXQJDOVSHFLHV VSHFLHV ZKLOHWKHSORWLQ6WUDPQLF]NDZDVWKHSRRUHVW VSHFLHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJLZKLFKFRQVWLWXWHcaRIWKHWRWDOQXP- EHURIVSHFLHVDUHDULFKDQGGLYHUVLÀHGJURXSLQErico-Sphagnetum medii phytocoenoses.
31 Lactarius helvus and Cortinarius huronensis occurred at all of the permanent plots while species such as C. semisanguineus, Lactarius tabidus, Paxillus involutus, Leccinum niveum, Laccaria proxima and Russula emetica grew in the majority of the patches. Several my- corrhizal fungi rare in Poland, e.g., Cortinarius fulvescens and 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV, were also recorded. Saprotrophic fungi were a dominant group of the taxa recorded in this community. %U\RSKLORXVIXQJL VSHFLHV DQGOLWWHULQKDELWLQJIXQJL VSHFLHV FDQEHGLVWLQJXLVKHG in this group. Hypholoma udum, H. elongatum and Galerina tibiicystis among sphagna and Mycena galopus on plant remains grew at all of the research plots. Mycena megaspora, a species rare in Poland, occurred among mosses at four permanent plots. 4 species of fungi were recorded on peat. Of them, only Entoloma sericatum was recorded 8 times at one of WKHWZRSORWVDWZKLFKLWJUHZ:RRGLQKDELWLQJIXQJLFRPSULVHRQO\VSHFLHVPsilocybe coprophila and Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus, rare species of fungi, occurred on faeces of forest animals, probably wild boar dung. Lyophyllum palustre was the most fre- quently noted parasitic species although it was not recorded at all of the permanent plots.
Sphagnetum magellanici +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHVMycological investigations in Sphagnetum magellanici were conducted in 2 sub-communities: S. m. typicum SORWV DQGS. m. pinetosum SORWV LQÀYHSHDWODQGV Jezioro&ċJL0DâH0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\=LHORQH%DJQDPrzy- ELHUQyZDQGĪXUDZLQD )LJ Sphagnetum magellanici typicum has a characteristic hummock structure. Hummocks are formed mostly by sphagna, mainly Sphagnum magellanicum ZLWKDQDGPL[WXUHRIS. capillifolium or S. rubellumLQSODFHV DFFRPSDQLHGE\Alaucomnium palustre and Polytri- chum strictum. Oxycoccus palustris is the most numerous species in the herb layer. Drosera rotundifolia, Andromeda polifolia and Eriophorum angustifolium are also constant com- SRQHQWVRISK\WRFRHQRVHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$UHOHYpV 6WURQJSHULRGLFDOSDWFK ÁRRGLQJ HVSHFLDOO\LQVSULQJ RUGU\LQJ HVSHFLDOO\LQVXPPHU ZHUHREVHUYHGLQVRPH years. Pinus sylvestris f. turfosa, which occurs in Sphagnetum magellanici pinetosum phytocoe- noses, gives it a characteristic physiognomy. Its cover is quite loose in the patches. It grows up to ca 5-7 m and reaches the age of 20 years after which it dies. Betula pubescens occurs sporadically. Phytocoenoses retain the hummock structure although the tree cover is low. Hummocks are built up of sphagna, mainly Sphagnum magellanicum. Polytrichum strictum also forms hummocks in some patches. Oxycoccus palustris is the most numerous species in the herb layer; Drosera rotundifolia and Eriophorum angustifolium are also permanent components. Andromeda polifolia and Eriophorum vaginatum play an important role in VRPH SK\WRFRHQRVHV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ UHOHYpV IURP WR 6WURQJ SHULRGLFDO ÁRRGLQJRIWKHSK\WRFRHQRVHVFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHGLHEDFNDQGPRUWDOLW\RIWUHHVHVSHFLDOO\ pine. Single dead pine trunks and logs were found at the plots. A total of 28 species, including 17 species of vascular plants and 11 moss species, occur in both sub-communities of Sphagnetum magellanici while 9 to 17 species of vascular plants and 2 to 8 moss species were recorded in individual phytocoenoses. Patches of Sphagnetum magellanici typicumLQZKLFKVSHFLHVRFFXUUHGLQWRWDO VSHFLHVRIYDVFXODUSODQWVDQG PRVVVSHFLHV DUHÁRULVWLFDOO\ULFKHUWKDQWKRVHRISphagnetum magellanici pinetosum, LQZKLFK VSHFLHV VSHFLHVRIYDVFXODUSODQWVDQGPRVVVSHFLHV ZHUHUHFRUGHG
32 Mycological features. Altogether 48 species of fungi, including 19 mycorrhizal, 27 sapro- trophic and 2 parasitic species, were recorded in Sphagnetum magellanici at 10 permanent plots with a total area of 4 000 m2. Between 16 and 25 species of fungi were noted at in- dividual plots in Sphagnetum magellanici typicum and between 27 and 37 species were re- corded in Sphagnetum magellanici pinetosum $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 7KHFRQWULEXWLRQRI fungi in individual phytocoenoses is not uniform. Plots established in Sphagnetum magel- lanici pinetosumZHUHULFKHULQIXQJL VSHFLHVLQWRWDO WKDQWKRVHLQSphagnetum magel- lanici typicum VSHFLHVLQWRWDO 7KLVLVPRVWO\FDXVHGE\WKHODUJHO\WUHHOHVVVWUXFWXUHRI the typical sub-community. Fungi growing on wood were not recorded at plots in Sphagne- tum magellanici typicum and mycorrhizal species occurred considerably less frequently and in a smaller number than at plots with pine and birch. Mycorrhizal Laccaria proxima and Lactarius helvus occurred in all the phytocoenoses. Species of mycorrhizal fungi in Sphag- netum magellanici pinetosum recorded more frequently were Laccaria proxima, Lactarius helvus, Amanita fulva, Russula emetica, Cortinarius huronensis, Lactarius rufus, and Paxillus involutus. Species such as Inocybe napipes, &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHV var. ÁH[LSHV, Russula claro- ÁDYD5EHWXODUXP5GHFRORUDQV and R. paludosa, fungi forming mycorrhizae with pine or birch, occurred only at the plots established in this sub-community. 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV, a rare SHDWODQGIXQJXVSURWHFWHGLQ3RODQGZDVDOVRUHFRUGHGKHUH $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ The occurrence of fungi growing among mosses and on litter is the most similar between WKH WZR VXEFRPPXQLWLHV ERWK TXDOLWDWLYHO\ DQG TXDOLWDWLYHO\ $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ Bryophilous fungi, e.g., Galerina paludosa, G. tibiicystis, Hypholoma elongatum and H. udum, and litter-inhabiting fungi, Gymnopus androsaceus, Mycena galopus, M. epipterygia var. epipterygia and M. sanguinolenta, occur in all of the phytocoenoses. Arrhenia gerardiana grew among sphagnum hummocks in small numbers but at nearly all of the plots. Galerina sphagnorum, Lichenomphalia umbellifera and Mycena megaspora also occurred in patches of both syntaxa. Lyophyllum palustre and 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD, fungi parasitizing various moss species, also occurred in both sub-communities.
Community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHV Mycological investigations in the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax were conducted at 11 permanent plots established in 8 peat- ODQGV %RQLQ'DQNyZ.RâRZR0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\1LHVSRURZLFH3U]\ELHUQyZ 5HSWRZRDQG=LHPRP\ğO, )LJ 3K\WRFRHQRVHVRIWKHFRPPXQLW\RFFXULQVLWHVZLWK a variable hydration level in the majority of these areas. They are sometimes temporarily ÁRRGHGRUGULHGRXWRYHUVKRUWSHULRGVZKLFKOHDGVWRWKHGU\LQJRISphagnum moss car- pets, especially in summer. The community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax has a characteristic physiogno- my created by dark-green hummocks of Eriophorum vaginatum. As well as E. vaginatum, Sphagnum fallax and Oxycoccus palustris also grow abundantly in some phytocoenoses. Carex canescens, Drosera rotundifolia, Eriophorum angustifolium and Aulacomnium palus- tre occur in the majority of them. Betula pendula, B. pubescens and Pinus sylvestris, species IRUPLQJPDLQO\WKHVKUXEOD\HUDUHDOVRUHFRUGHG $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 7KHUHDUHQR dead stumps and logs at the plots, and only single branches were found at some. A total of 27 species, including 21 species of vascular plants and 6 moss species, were recorded in the community while 3 to 11 species of vascular plants and 2 to 5 moss species were noted in individual phytocoenoses.
33 Mycological features. Altogether 37 macromycete species, including 15 mycorrhizal, 20 saprotrophic and 2 parasitic species, were noted in the community Eriophorum vaginatum- Sphagnum fallax at 11 permanent plots with a total area of 4 070 m2. From 12 to 30 species RIIXQJLZHUHUHFRUGHGDWLQGLYLGXDOSORWV $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ The contribution of mycorrhizal fungi in individual phytocoenoses is not uniform. This LVWRDODUJHH[WHQWFDXVHGE\WKHSUHVHQFH RUWKHODFN RIELUFKRUSLQHLQWKHSDWFKHV)RU LQVWDQFHP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJLRFFXUUHGQXPHURXVO\DWSORWVLQ.RâRZR1LHVSRURZLFHDQG 0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\ZKLOHWKH\ZHUHUHFRUGHGVSRUDGLFDOO\LQ3U]\ELHUQyZ7KH most numerously and frequently recorded mycorrhizal fungi include Laccaria proxima, Lactarius helvus, Cortinarius huronensis, Paxillus involutus, Leccinum niveum, and Lacta- rius tabidus. Dominant saprotrophic fungi comprise bryophilous species, e.g., Galerina paludosa, G. tibiicystis, Hypholoma elongatum and H. udum, and species growing on plant remains PDLQO\Eriophorum and Betula HJGymnopus androsaceus, Mycena glopus and Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia. $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD, Mycena adonis var. adonis and M. mega- spora, species rare in Poland, were recorded among sphagna. Fungi growing on peat, Cla- varia fragilis, and on wood, e.g., Mycena galericulata, occurred infrequently. Only 2 para- sitic fungi were recorded. One, Lyophyllum palustre, occurred at all of the plots.
4.2. Macromycetes in forest peatland communities
Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum +DELWDW DQG ÁRULVWLF IHDWXUHV Mycological investigations in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum were conducted at 10 permanent plots established in 5 peatlands: Jezioro &ċJL 0DâH 0V]DUNRâR6WDUHM'REU]\F\1LHZLDGRZR=LHORQH%DJQDDQGĪyâZLD%âRý )LJ Vac- cinio uliginosi-Pinetum phytocoenoses cover variously-sized areas. They develop on peat soils formed from raised peats, of various hydration, however, often excessively dried out BRZEG et al. 1996; 627(. et al. 2006; %$1$Ğ67$1.,(:,&=F Pinus sylvestris, which grows only up to 10 m in height, predominates in the low tree stand with loose density. Betula pubescens is an admixture in some phytocoenoses. The undergrowth is weakly developed. It is built up mainly by P. sylvestris, with B. pubescens in some sites. The contribution of Ledum palustre and Vaccinium uliginosum, sometimes in mass, in the ground cover is characteristic. Raised-bog species, Eriophorum vaginatum and Oxycoccus palustris, are also constant components of the herb layer. Other species typical of raised bogs such as Andromeda polifolia, Drosera rotundifolia, Sphagnum magellanicum and Polytrichum strictum, are also frequent elements of Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum phyto- coenoses. Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idea and Calluna vulgaris grow in the phytocoenoses due to substrate drying. The moss layer is formed by the above species and species such as 6SKDJQXPIDOOD[6ÀPEULDWXP, S. palustre, Pleurozium schreberi and Polytrichum com- mune $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 6LQJOHGHDGWUXQNVRYHUWXUQHGORJVDQGVWXPSVRISLQHV or birches at different stages of decomposition as well as small amounts of fallen branches and twigs occur at the plots. A total of 30 species, including 20 species of vascular plants and 10 moss species, occur in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum while 10 to 17 species of vascular plants and 3 to 7 moss spe- cies were recorded in individual phytocoenoses.
34 Mycological features. Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum is rich in fungi. Altogether 102 species, including 38 mycorrhizal, 58 saprotrophic and 6 parasitic species, were recorded at 10 plots with a total area of 4 000 m2. The contribution of fungi varies across the phytocoenoses. Plots in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum in Niewiadowo were the richest sites in fungi with the number of taxa ranging from 56 to 65 while the poorest plots were in Jezioro&ċJL0DâH ZKHUHWKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVLVEHWZHHQDQG $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ The contribution of individual bioecological groups also varies. Mycorrhizal fungi are a IDLUO\QXPHURXVJURXS RIWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIWD[D &RPSDQLRQVRIPinus sylvestris dominate among mycorrhizal species. Lactarius helvus, Russula emetica and Paxillus invo- lutus occurred at all of the plots while species such as Cortinarius semisanguineus, Lactarius rufus, Thelephora terrestris, Suillus bovinus and S. variegatus grew in the majority of the phytocoenoses. The presence of Betula pubescens trees in the tree stand encourages a nu- merous occurrence of birch-associated fungi in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum phytocoenoses. Species growing here included Lactarius tabidus, 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD5EHWXODUXP and Lec- cinum niveum. Cortinarius rubellus, C. fulvescens and 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV, species of fungi rarely recorded in Poland, occurred sporadically at 1 or 2 plots. 6DSURWURSKLFIXQJLFRQVWLWXWH RIWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIWD[D2QO\ IXQJDOVSHFLHV occurred on peat. Entoloma cetratum was recorded in all of the phytocoenoses. 17 litter- inhabiting species were recorded. Mycena galopus, M. sanguinolenta and Gymnopus an- drosaceus occurred at all of the permanent plots. Clitocybe vibecina, Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia, M. cinerella and M. zephirus grew in the majority of the patches. Fungi grow- LQJDPRQJPRVVHV VSHFLHV DQGHVSHFLDOO\DPRQJVSKDJQDZHUHDQXPHURXVJURXS Hypholoma udum, H. elongatum, Galerina paludosa, G. hypnorum and Lichenomphalia umbellifera occurred at the majority of the plots. Galerina tibiicystis, Mycena adonis var. adonis, M. megaspora, Arrhenia gerardiana and Galerina jaapii, species rare in Poland, were DOVRQRWHGKHUH/LJQLFRORXVIXQJL VSHFLHV GRQRWRFFXULQVaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum IUHTXHQWO\1HDUO\RIWKHPDUHIXQJLZLWKDQQXDORUSHUHQQLDOIUXLWERGLHVJURZLQJRQ birch wood, e.g., Fomes fomentarius, Piptoporus betulinus and Diatrypella favacea, and on pine wood, e.g., Stereum sanguinolentum and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum. The majority of OLJQLFRORXVIXQJLRFFXURQO\DWRU SORWV Parasitic fungi in Vaccinio uliginosi-PinetumDUH RIWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIWD[DLyo- phyllum palustre is a more frequently occurring species. Sparassis crispa, which is protected in Poland, grew at the base of a trunk of Pinus sylvestris at one of the plots.
Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis +DELWDWDQGÁRULVWLFIHDWXUHVMycological investigations in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentisZHUHFRQGXFWHGDWSHUPDQHQWSORWVHVWDEOLVKHGLQSHDWODQGV 0V]DUNRâR 6WDUHM'REU]\F\1LHZLDGRZR=LHORQH%DJQD=LHPRP\ğO,DQG=LHORQF]\Q )LJ 3K\- tocoenoses of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum develop on the peripheries of these sites or in their central parts, in post-lake basins. Some of the sites are strongly hydrated in early spring and after intensive rainfall. Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum phytocoenoses are formed by aged tree stands with a fairly loose structure, mainly built up of Betula pubescens trees with an admixture of Pinus sylves- tris and Sorbus aucuparia. Tree saplings grow in the shrub layer, mostly those of Betula pu- bescens. Frangula alnus occurs in some phytocoesnoses. The herb layer is usually well de- veloped with Lycopodium annotinum and Vaccinium myrtillus occurring in mass in places.
35 Ledum palustre, Vaccinium uliginosum, V. vitis-idea and Oxycoccus palustris also grow in most patches. The moss layer is formed by, e.g., Dicranum polysetum, D. scoparium, Poly- trichastrum formosum, 6SKDJQXPIDOOD[6ÀPEULDWXP and S. palustre $SSHQGL[ 7DE $ 1XPHURXVGHDGWUXQNVRYHUWXUQHGORJVVWXPSVDQGIDOOHQEUDQFKHVRIPDLQO\ birch and pine are found at the plots. A total of 39 species, including 27 species of vascular plants and 12 moss species, occur in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, while 9 to 15 species of vascular plants and 3 to 7 moss species were recorded in its individual phytocoenoses. Mycological features. Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis is one of the richest plant communities in fungi in the study area. Altogether 121 species of fungi, including 38 myc- orrhizal, 77 saprotrophic and 6 parasitic species, were noted at 10 permanent plots with a total area of 3 900 m2 $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ The contribution of fungi in the phytocoenoses of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pu- bescentis varies. Differences are observed both for qualitative and quantitative relation- ships. Plots established in Zielone Bagna and Niewiadowo are the richest sites in fungi ZLWKWKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVUDQJLQJIURPWR7KHSRRUHVWSORWVZHUHLQ0V]DUNRâR Starej Dobrzycy where the number of taxa is between 33 and 39. 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJLDUHRIDOOWKHWD[D6SHFLHVIRUPLQJP\FRUUKL]DHZLWKELUFK dominate in their group. Laccaria proxima, Lactarius tabidus, Amanita fulva, Leccinum niveum and Russula betularum occurred at all of the plots. Companions of pine, which is an admixture in the tree stand, also occur in the majority of the patches, e.g., Lactarius helvus, L. rufus, Paxillus involutus, Russula emetica, Thelephora terrestris, and Scleroderma citrinum. 6DSURWURSKLFIXQJLFRQVWLWXWHRIWKHWD[DUHFRUGHGLQVaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis SK\WRFRHQRVHV/LJQLFRORXVIXQJLGRPLQDWHLQWKHLUJURXS VSHFLHV 7KH majority of lignicolous fungi grew on logs, stumps and branches of birch trees, less often pine trees, at different stages of decomposition. Seventeen of them are fungi with persis- tent annual or perennial fruit bodies, e.g., Daedaleopsis confragosa, Diatrype stigma, Dia- trypella favacea, Fomes fomentarius, Piptoporus betulinus, and Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum. Mycena galericulata, Daedaleopsis confragosa and Piptoporus betulinus occurred at all of the permanent plots. Species such as Diatrypella favacea, Exidia plana, Dacryomyces stillatus, Fomes fomentarius, Crepidotus variabilis and Calocera cornea also grew in the majority of the sites.+RZHYHU VSHFLHVWKDWLVQHDUO\RIWKHWD[DRFFXUUHGRQO\DWRU permanent plots. )XQJLJURZLQJDPRQJPRVVHVDUHDVPDOOJURXS VSHFLHV Galerina paludosa, G. tibii- cystis, Hypholoma udum and H. elongatum occurred at the majority of the plots. Galerina jaapii, Mycena adonis var. adonis and M. megaspora, rarely recorded in Poland, also grew in some phytocoenoses. The contribution of litter-inhabiting fungi and fungi growing on SHDWLVVPDOO DQGVSHFLHVUHVSHFWLYHO\ 6SHFLHVZLWKDEURDGVFDOHRIRFFXUUHQFH prevail among them, e.g., Mycena galopus, M. epipterygia var. epipterygia, M. sanguinolenta, M. zephirus, Gymnopus androsaceus and G. dryophilus. Only Mycena galopus, M. epiptery- gia var. epipterygia and Gymnopus androsaceus were recorded at all of the research plots. Nectria episphaeria grew on old fruit bodies of Diatrype stigmaDQGZDVUHFRUGHGDWÀYH plots. Stropharia semiglobata, noted at only one plot, occurred on faeces of forest animals. 3DUDVLWLFIXQJLDUHRIWKHWD[D5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD/\RSK\OOXPSDOXVWUH and Nectria cin- nabarina occurred at the majority of the plots. Xerocomus parasiticus, protected in Poland, grew on fruit bodies of Scleroderma citrinum at one of the plots.
36
The contribution of saprotrophic fungi occurring on substrates of fungal and animal RULJLQLVVPDOO )LJ$% 6SHFLHVRIIXQJLJURZLQJRQIDHFHVRIIRUHVWDQLPDOVZHUHUH- corded only in Erico-Sphagnetum medii VSHFLHV DQGVaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentisSK\WRFRHQRVHV VSHFLHV DQGIXQJLJURZLQJRQRWKHUIXQJDOVSHFLHV were noted only in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. The percentage contribution and the number of mycorrhizal fungi in individual types of SHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHVYDU\ )LJ$% 7KHJUHDWHVWQXPEHURIP\FRUUKL]DOVSHFLHVZDV recorded in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis VSH- FLHVLQHDFK DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKLOH VSHFLHVZHUHUHFRUGHGLQSphagnetum magellanici DQGErico-Sphagnetum medii VSHFLHV 7KHLUQXPEHULQRWKHU FRPPXQLWLHVUDQJHVIURPVSHFLHV LQRhynchosporetum albaeWRVSHFLHV LQ the phytocoenoses of Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax community.
4.4. Macromycetes of peatland communities: a comparative analysis
The number of species of fungi recorded in individual peatland communities ranges from 12 in Rhynchosporetum albae to 121 in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ ZKLOHWKHQXPEHURISODQWVSHFLHVIRUPLQJWKHVHFRPPXQLWLHVLVEHWZHHQ 24 in Caricetum limosae and 48 in Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi. The number of plant species exceeds the number of fungal species in Caricetum lasiocarpae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae and Caricetum rostratae whereas WKHQXPEHURIIXQJLLVJUHDWHUWKDQWKDWRISODQWVSHFLHVLQRWKHUFRPPXQLWLHV )LJ (LJKW\WKUHHWD[D RFFXUUHGLQRQO\RQHRIWKHFRPPXQLWLHVDQGWKH\ZHUHUHFRUGHG in 4 of the 10 phytocoenoses in total. 2 and 6 species were noted in Caricetum limosae and Erico- Sphagnetum medii, respectively, and 27 and 48 species in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio
Fig. 4. The number of species of plants and fungi in peatland communities. For abbreviations see Figure 3.
39
Table 3 cont.
III. Amanita fulva Amaful M Vaccinio uliginosi- Betuletum Lactarius Ascocoryne sarcoides Ascsar Sw pubescentis tabidus Calocera cornea Calcor Sw group Collybia cirrhata Colcir Sl Collybia cookei Colcoo Sl Crepidotus variabilis Crevar Sw Dacryomyces stillatus Dacsti Sw Daedaleopsis confragosa Daecon Sw Diatrype stigma Diasti Sw Diatrypella favacea Diafav Sw Entoloma conferendum var. Entcon Sp conferendum Entoloma sericatum Entser Sp Exidia plana Exipla Sw Fomes fomentarius Fomfom Sw Galerina calyptrata Galcal Sm Gymnopus dryophilus Gymdry Sp Hygrocybe coccineocrenata Hygcoc Sp Hypholoma fasciculare var. Hypfas Sw fasciculare Kuehneromyces mutabilis Kuemut Sw Lactarius glyciosmus Lacgly M Lactarius necator Lacnec M Lactarius pubescens Lacpub M Lactarius tabidus Lactab M Lactarius vietus Lacvie M Leccinum niveum Lecniv M Leccinum scabrum Lecsca M Lichenomphalia umbellifera Licumb Sm Mycena galericulata Mycgle Sw Mycena megaspora Mycmeg Sm Nectria cinnabarina Neccin P Nectria episphaeria Necepi Sf Phlebia tremellosa Phltre Sw Piptoporus betulinus Pipbet Sw Pluteus cervinus Plucer Sw Polyporus ciliatus Polcil Sw 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 5LFÀE P Russula aeruginea Rusaer M Russula betularum Rusbet M 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD Ruscla M Scutellinia scutellata Scuscu Sw Stereum hirsutum Stehir Sw Trametes hirsuta Trahir Sw Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum Trifus Sw
44 Table 3 cont.
IV. Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Ampcla Sp Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Russula Auriscalpium vulgare Aurvul Sl emetica Chroogomphus rutilus var. Chrrut M group rutilus Clitocybe vibecina Clivib Sl Cortinarius delibutus Cordel M &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHVvar. &RUÁH[ M ÁH[LSHV Cortinarius fulvescens Corful M Cortinarius semisanguineus Corsem M Cystoderma amianthinum Cysami Sp Entoloma cetratum Entcet Sp Galerina hypnorum Galhyp Sm Galerina jaapii Galjap Sm Galerina vittiformis var. Galvit Sm vittiformis Gomphidius roseus Gomros M Gymnopus peronatus Gymper Sp Hebeloma circinans Hebcir M Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Hygaur Sp Inocybe lanuginosa Inolan M Inocybe napipes Inonap M Lactarius rufus Lacruf M /HSLVWDÁDFFLGD /HSÁD Sp Mycena adonis var. adonis Mycado Sm Mycena cinerella Myccin Sl Mycena sanguinolenta Mycsan Sl Mycena stipata Mycsti Sw Mycena vulgaris Mycvul Sl Mycena zephirus Myczep Sl Rhodocollybia maculata Rhomac Sp var. maculata Russula decolorans Rusdec M Russula emetica Ruseme M Russula paludosa Ruspal M Russula xerampelina Rusxer M Scleroderma citrinum Sclcit M Strobilurus stephanocystis Strste Sl Strobilurus tenacellus Strten Sl Suillus bovinus Suibov M Suillus variegatus Suivar M Thelephora terrestris Theter M V. Cortinarius huronensis Corhur M Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum Lactarius Gymnopus androsaceus Gymand Sl limosae, Caricetum rostratae, helvus Laccaria proxima Lacpro M Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum group Lactarius helvus Lachel M recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Mycena epipterygia var. Mycepi Sl Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphag- epipterygia netum magellanici, community Mycena galopus Mycgal Sl Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum Paxillus involutus Paxinv M fallax, Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, Vaccinio uliginosi- Pinetum
Trophic group: M – mycorrhizal fungi, Sl – litter-inhabiting fungi, Sp – saprotrophic fungi growing on peat, Sm – saprotrophic fungi growing among mosses; Sw – saprotrophic fungi growing on wood, Sf – saprotrophic fungi growing on other fungi, P – parasitic fungi.
45 4.7. 7KHLQÁXHQFHRIVHOHFWHGHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUVRQWKHRFFXUUHQFH of fungi
7KHFDQRQLFDOFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQDO\VLV &&$ RIGHVFULSWLYHDQGKDELWDWYDULDEOHV DQGWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIIXQJDOVSHFLHV )LJ$% 7DE LQGLFDWHVPXWXDOFRUUHOD- tions between them. The variability gradient associated with the first CCA axis is de- VFULEHGE\WKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIIXQJDOVSHFLHV 1) LQFOXGLQJ WKHQXPEHURIP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL 1)0 WKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIVDSURWURSKLFIXQJL JURZLQJRQSHDW 1)6S DQGWKHQXPEHURIOLWWHULQKDELWLQJVSHFLHVRIIXQJL 1)6O whose values reach the optimum in the right-hand side of the diagram. This is op- posed by the substrate pH gradient which reaches its maximum in the left-hand side of the CCA diagram along the first axis. Fungal species preferring moderately acid substrates, e.g, Ascocoryne turficola, Galerina sphagnorum, G. paludosa, G. tibiicystis, Hypholoma udum and H. elongatum, are on the left-hand side of the diagram along axis I, and species preferring acid substrates, e.g. Ampuloclitocybe clavipes, Lepista flaccida, Gymnopus peronatus, Gomphidius roseus, Inocybe lanuginosa, Russula xer- ampelina, Cystoderma amianthinum and Cortinarius delibutus, are on the right-hand VLGH7KHWRWDOQXPEHURIIXQJDOVSHFLHV 1) DQGWKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIP\FRU- UKL]DOIXQJL 1)0 OLWWHULQKDELWLQJIXQJL 1)6O DQGIXQJLJURZLQJRQSHDW 1)6S increases as pH decreases. 7KHVHFRQG&&$D[LVLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVXEVWUDWHKXPLGLW\ +XP DQGVSHFLHVRI VDSURWURSKLFIXQJLJURZLQJDPRQJPRVVHV 1)6P )LJ$% /RZHUDQGFHQWUDO parts of the diagram are occupied by species preferring greater substrate hydration, EHORQJLQJPRVWO\WRVDSURWURSKLFIXQJLJURZLQJDPRQJPRVVHV 1)6P HJArrhe- nia gerardiana, Hypholoma elongatum, Mycena adonis var. adonis, mycorrhizal fungi 1)0 HJInocybe lanuginosa, Russula paludosa, R. xerampelina, Cortinarius delibu- tus, C. fulvescens, C. huronensisDQGOLWWHULQKDELWLQJVDSURWURSKLFIXQJL 1)6O HJ Mycena vulgaris and M. cinerella. The upper part of the diagram is occupied by species
Ta b l e 4 Correlations between environmental variables with axes I-IV of the canonical FRUUHVSRQGHQFHDQDO\VLV &&$
Axis CCA I CCA II CCA III CCA IV NN 0.6154 0.2282 0.0110 0.0869 NF 0.9337 0.1535 0.0649 –0.0381 NFM 0.8367 0.4165 –0.1628 –0.1211 NFSp 0.7375 0.2252 0.4582 –0.2187 NFSm –0.5276 0.1450 –0.3085 –0.0142 NFSl 0.6027 0.6469 0.2180 0.2262 Hum –0.4195 0.1631 0.1909 0.0582 pH –0.3000 –0.3306 0.0755 0.2406
P-PO4 0.1128 –0.1196 –0.0286 0.0618
N-NH4 0.2618 0.0219 0.0010 0.2125
N-NO3 0.4157 –0.1516 –0.1195 0.0320
N-NO2 0.1546 –0.0765 –0.0047 –0.2499 Eigenvalues 0.2790 0.215 0.091 0.056
Abbreviations: see text above the table.
46
SUHIHUULQJ ZHDNO\ K\GUDWHG VXEVWUDWHV DOVR EHORQJLQJ WR P\FRUUKL]DO IXQJL 1)0 e.g., Russula aeruginea, Lactarius pubescens and Leccinum scabrum, and saprotroph- LFIXQJLJURZLQJRQSHDW 1)6S HJEntoloma conferundum var. conferundum and Gymnopus dryophilus. The Monte Carlo analysis shows that the total number of spe-
FLHVRISODQWV 11 DQGWKHFRQWHQWRI11+4 and N-NO2 in the substrate are not sta- WLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWO\ p! FRUUHODWHGZLWKWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIIXQJL 7DE ZKLOH RWKHUYDULDEOHVHOXFLGDWHWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIIXQJDOVSHFLHVRQWKHSORWVGHÀQHGE\WKH ÀUVWWZR&&$D[HVLQDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWZD\ p The ordination of research plots along axes I and II indicates similarity between habi- tat conditions that are observed in the majority of non-forest peatland communities HJCaricetum limosae, Caricetum lasiocarpae, Rhynchosporetum albae and Caricetum rostratae DVVHPEOHGRQWKHOHIWKDQGVLGHRIWKHGLDJUDP )LJ 7KHQXPEHURIIXQJDO VSHFLHVUHFRUGHGLQWKHPLVVPDOODQGWKHLUVXEVWUDWHS+LVUHODWLYHO\KLJK )LJ$ The number of species associated with low substrate pH is the highest in forest peatland FRPPXQLWLHV Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Additionally, the high loading of CCA axis II by Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis LVUHODWHGWRWKHORZHVWVXEVWUDWHKXPLGLW\ +XP RIWKHSDUDPHWHUVUHFRUGHGLQWKH VWXG\ )LJ%
4.8. Geographic and ecological analysis of selected species of peatland fungi in Pomerania
Twenty one species of peatland fungi occurring in Pomerania are characterized below. Armillaria ectypa is a saprotroph that occurs on living raised bogs, Aapa mires, tran- sitional bogs and fens, among Sphagnum species and herbaceous plants. It is probably a ERUHDOPRQWDQHVSHFLHVSRVVLEO\DFRQWLQHQWDOVSHFLHV OHENOJA DQGLVNQRZQIURP 12 European countries, e.g., Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Ger- many, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland as well as China, Japan and Turkey. It is a very rare and rare species worldwide, and has not been recorded in PDQ\FRXQWULHVIRUDQXPEHURI\HDUV .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991a; .5(,6(/ 1992; 7(50256+8,- ZEN 1995; ĪÐá&,$. et al. 1997; ZHANG 1996, after QIN et al. 2007; .8'2 1$*$6$:$ 2003; $,16:257+2003, 2004; '$+/%(5* &521(%25* 2003, 2006; 2+(12-$2006; :5,*+72007; 9(67(5+2/72008;/(*21 et al. 2009; 6(6/, '(1&+(9 ,Q3RODQGLWZDVSUHYLRXVO\ reported from one locality near Kalisz in Leucobryo-Pinetum .2:$/6., 7KHVHF- ond site was discovered in 2007 in the Pojezierze.DV]XEVNLH/DNHODQGQHDUĪXURPLQR $SSHQGL[ Armillaria ectypa grew in a transitional bog among Sphagnum spp. and vascular plants, e.g., Carex rostrata, Comarum palustre, Drosera rotundifolia, Eriophorum angustifolium, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Oxycoccus palustris. Arrhenia gerardiana grows on living and dying sphagna, in peatlands and in moist co- QLIHURXVIRUHVWV,WLVDZLGHVSUHDGVSHFLHVLQ1RUWK$PHULFDDQG(XURSH .8<3(5 KRZHYHULWLVUDUHZRUOGZLGH,WRFFXUVLQ1RUWK$PHULFDLQ&DQDGDDQGWKH86$ BI- GELOW 1985; ROBERTS et al. 2004; /$0285(8; DQGLQ(XURSHHJLQ$XVWULDWKH &]HFK 5HSXEOLF 'HQPDUN )LQODQG )UDQFH *HUPDQ\ *UHDW %ULWDLQ /LWKXDQLD WKH 1HWKHUODQGV 1RUZD\ 5XVVLD 6ORYDNLD 6SDLQ 6ZHGHQ DQG 6ZLW]HUODQG PILÁT 1969; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1991; .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991a .8<3(5 1995; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; ELBORNE 2008; LEGON et al. ,Q3RODQGLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGDW
50 VFDWWHUHGORFDOLWLHVHJLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. :LHONRSROVND %8-$.,(:,&= ),./(:,&= 1963; ),./(:,&=62%67
51 1991b; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 2000; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; HØILAND 2008; LEGON et al. 7KHIXQJXVLVUDUHLQ3RODQG 1(63,$. 1975; WOJEWODA NQRZQ IURP IHZ ORFDOLWLHV HJ IURP WKH %LDâRZLHīD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. DQG WKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGRQO\DWVHYHUDOVLWHV e.g., the Puszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 2003 [as Cortinarius sphagnogenus 0RV 1HV@ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ ,WKDVUHFHQWO\EHHQUHFRUGHGDWQHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGERWKLQUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV$WLWV3RPHUD- nian localities Cortinarius huronensis reaches the occurrence optimum in Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax. It has also been recorded in Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Vaccinio uliginosi-Betule- tum pubescentis, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum phytocoenoses. Cortinarius uliginosus f. uliginosus usually grows among Sphagnum spp. and other moss- es, mostly under Salix sp., less frequently under Alnus glutinosa, in peatlands and humid PL[HGIRUHVWV,WLVDZLGHVSUHDGVSHFLHVNQRZQIURP1RUWK$PHULFD *UHHQODQG DQG(X- URSHHJIURP$XVWULD'HQPDUN)LQODQG*HUPDQ\*UHDW%ULWDLQ/LWKXDQLD1RUZD\ 6SDLQ6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991b; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 2000; SOLIÑO et al. 2000; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; %25*(1 HØILAND 2008; HØILAND 2008; LEGON et al. ,WLVUDUHLQ3RODQG 1(63,$. 1975; WOJEWODA NQRZQIURP IHZORFDOLWLHVHJ%DELD*yUD0W %8-$.,(:,&= ZKHUHLWRFFXUUHGLQSDWFKHV of Bazzanio-Piceetum and Sphagnetum magellanici, the PojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH /DNHODQG )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ZKHUHLWZDVUHFRUGHGLQSphagnetum magellanici and Vaccinio uliginosi-PinetumDQGLQ3RPHUDQLDIURPWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUN BU- -$.,(:,&= /,6,(:6.$ ,WKDVQRZEHHQUHFRUGHGDWWKUHHQHZORFDOLWLHVLQ3RPHUD- QLD %REROLFH*âRGRZD'DQNyZDQG:U]RVRZLVNR6RZQRQDWXUHUHVHUYH $SSHQGL[ ZKHUHLWJUHZRQSHDWRUDPRQJVSKDJQDXQGHUSalix sp., on the margins of raised and transitional bogs. Galerina paludosa is a saprotroph growing among Sphagnum spp., mainly in peatlands, but also in bog woodland and humid meadows. It is a widespread species, known from 1RUWK $PHULFD $VLD DQG (XURSH IUHTXHQW LQ VRPH UHJLRQV 7+250$11 5,&( 2007; *8/'(12008; LEGON et al. ,WRFFXUVLQ1RUWK$PHULFDLQ&DQDGDDQGWKH86$ 60,7+ 6,1*(5 1964; REDHEAD 1989; ROBERTS et al. 2004; /$0285(8; LQ$VLDLQ 7XUNH\ 6(6/, '(1&+(9 LQ(XURSHHJLQ$XVWULD%XOJDULDWKH&]HFK5HSXEOLF 'HQPDUN(VWRQLD)LQODQG)UDQFH*HUPDQ\*UHDW%ULWDLQ,WDO\/LWKXDQLD1RUZD\ 6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG .5,(*/67(,1(51991b; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 2000; 'Ɨ1,(/( >$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; PERINI et al. 2002; *<26+(9$ *$1(9$ 2004; .$/$0((6 SAAR 2006;*8/'(1 2008; LEGON et al. ,W KDV EHHQ UHFRUGHG DW VFDWWHUHG ORFDOL- WLHVLQ3RODQG 6.,5*,(áá2 1984/1986; WOJEWODA HJLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO 3DUN 1(63,$. 1959; 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. WKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV /,6,(:6.$ á86=&=<Ĕ6., WKH:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ ),./(:,&=62%67
52 $SSHQGL[ ERWKLQUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV$WLWV3RPHUDQLDQORFDOLWLHVGale- rina paludosa reaches the occurrence optimum in Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Caricetum lasiocarpae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax. It has also been recorded in Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum, and Vac- cinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis phytocoenoses. Galerina sphagnorum grows among Sphagnum spp., in peatlands, humid meadows and DFLGERJZRRGODQG,WLVDZLGHVSUHDGIXQJXVNQRZQIURP1RUWK$PHULFD &DQDGD86$ $VLD 7XUNH\ DQG(XURSH 7+250$11 5,&( 2007; *8/'(12008;6(6/, '(1&+(9 In Europe it occurs in, e.g., Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Ger- PDQ\*UHDW%ULWDLQ,FHODQG/LWKXDQLD1RUZD\6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991b; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 2000; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; *<26+(9$ GANEVA 2004; *8/'(12008; LEGON et al. ,Q3RODQGLWLVUHFRUGHGDWVFDWWHUHGORFDOL- WLHV WOJEWODA HJLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. 1959; 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. WKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV á86=&=<Ĕ6., WKH:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ BU- -$.,(:,&= ),./(:,&= 1963; ),./(:,&=62%67$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; *8/'(12008; LEGON et al. ,W LVDUDUHVSHFLHVLQ3RODQGNQRZQIURPIHZORFDOLWLHV WOJEWODA HJIURP%DELD *yUD0W %8-$.,(:,&= WKH:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ Ğ/86$5&=<. DQGWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGRQO\DWVHY- eral sites in the Puszcza Goleniowska Forest and the Pojezierze&KRV]F]HĕVNLH/DNHODQG 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(.D ,WKDVQRZEHHQUHFRUGHGDW QHZORFDOLWLHVDFURVV 3RPHUDQLD $SSHQGL[ ZKHUHLWRFFXUVLQUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJV$WLWV3RPHUD- nian localities, Galerina tibiicystis reaches its occurrence optimum in non-forest peatland communities: Caricetum lasiocarpae, Sphagnetum magellanici, the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Caricetum limosae, and Caricetum rostratae. It has also been noted in phytocoenoses of forest peatland communities: Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum. Hygrocybe coccineocrenata is a saprotroph growing on humid soil, among mosses, often among Sphagnum spp., in peatlands, on banks of oligotrophic water bodies and in humid
53 PHDGRZV,WLVZLGHVSUHDGLQ1RUWK$PHULFD $ODVND&DOLIRUQLD&DQDGD DQG(XURSH especially in the boreal zone and in mountainous areas; it is recorded less frequently in the WHPSHUDWH]RQH ARNOLDS 1990; *80,Ĕ6.$1997; %2(570$11 ,Q(XURSHWKHVSH- cies occurs in, e.g., Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, ,WDO\WKH1HWKHUODQGV1RUZD\6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG ARNOLDS 1990; .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991b; 3(5,1,et al. 2002; %2(570$112008; LEGON et al. ,Q3RODQGLWZDVSUHYLRXVO\ NQRZQIURPDIHZORFDOLWLHV *80,Ĕ6.$1997; WOJEWODA DQGKDVEHHQDOVRUHFHQWO\ UHSRUWHGIURPWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ DQG:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ Ğ/86$5&=<. ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGLQWKHPuszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW FRIEDRICH 1984, 1985/1986; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 2003; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 7UyMPLDVWR/DQGVFDSH3DUN WILGA DQGFHQWUDO3RPHUDQLD 627(. et al. 2004; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(.D ,WKDV QRZEHHQUHFRUGHGDWQHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ ,Q3RPHUDQLDHygrocybe coc- cineocrenata was recorded in raised and transitional bogs, in phytocoenoses of Caricetum lasiocarpae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagne- tum magellanici, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. Hypholoma elongatum is a saprotroph growing mainly among Sphagnum spp., less fre- quently among other mosses, e.g., Straminergon stramineum, Drepanocladus spp. and Po- lytrichum spp., and on exposed soils. It mostly occurs in peatlands and in humid coniferous and mixed forests, sporadically in humid meadows. It is a widespread fungus in North $PHULFDDQG(XURSH 60,7+ +(6/(5 1968; :$7/,1* *5(*25< 1987; NOORDELOOS 1999;/$0285(8; DOVRUHSRUWHGIURP$VLD 7XUNH\ 6(6/, '(1&+(9 ,Q Europe it occurs in, e.g., Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great %ULWDLQ*UHHFH,WDO\WKH1HWKHUODQGV6ZLW]HUODQGDQG6FDQGLQDYLDQFRXQWULHV .5,(*/- STEINER 1991a; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1995; NOORDELOOS 1999; ',$0$1',6 3(5/( ROU 2001; -$1.296.êet al. .$/$0((6 6$$5 2006; 3(5,1,et al. 2002; 9(67(5+2/7 5$/'2008; LEGON et al. ,Q3RODQGLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGDWVLQJOHORFDOLWLHVDFURVV WKH FRXQWU\ WOJEWODA HJ LQ WKH %LDâRZLHīD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. :LHONRSROVND UHJLRQ %8-$.,(:,&= ),./(:,&= 1963; ),./(:,&=62%67
54 e.g., Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, 6ZHGHQ6ZLW]HUODQGDQG7XUNH\ .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991a; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1995; NOORDELOOS 1999; 3(5,1,et al. 2002; *<26+(9$ *$1(9$ 2004; .$/$0((6 6$$5 2006; 9(67(5+2/7 5$/'2008; LEGON et al. 2009; 6(6/, '(1&+(9 ,Q3RODQGLWLVD UDUHVSHFLHVNQRZQIURPIHZORFDOLWLHVHJIURPWKH:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ %8-$.,(:,&= ),./(:,&= 1963; Ğ/86$5&=<. WKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. DQGWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGLQ Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentisLQWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUN %8-$.,(:,&= /,6,(:6.$ LQRibeso nigri-AlnetumLQWKH&HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUN FRIEDRICH 1994, DQGLQWKH%RU\7XFKROVNLH)RUHVW .20252:6.$ ,WKDVQRZEHHQUHFRUGHGDW WKUHHQHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ ,WJUHZRQSHDWRUDPRQJVSKDJQDLQSK\WRFRHQRVHV of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis in the Roby and Stramniczka nature reserves. The third locality is in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, where Hypholoma myosotis grew DPRQJPRVVHVRQWKHEDQNRIODNH:LHONLH*DFQR Hypholoma udum LVDVDSURWURSKJURZLQJRQZHWVRLODPRQJJUDVVHV Molinia caerulea DQGPRVVHV Polytrichum spp., SphagnumVSS PRVWO\LQSHDWODQGVDQGLQKXPLGIRUHVWV DQGVFUXE,WLVZLGHVSUHDGLQ1RUWK$PHULFDDQG(XURSH NOORDELOOS 1999; 7+250$11 5,&( 2007; /$0285(8; ,Q(XURSHLWRFFXUVLQHJ$XVWULDWKH&]HFK5HSXE- lic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, the Netherlands, Nor- ZD\ 6ZHGHQ DQG 6ZLW]HUODQG .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991a; %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1995; NOORDELOOS 1999; 9(67(5+2/7 5$/'2008; LEGON et al. ,Q3RODQGLWLVNQRZQ IURPPDQ\VFDWWHUHGORFDOLWLHV WOJEWODA HJIURPWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. 1959; 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. WKHPojezierze0D]XUVNLH/DNHODQG 2/(6,Ĕ6., WOJEWODA WKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV /,6,(:6.$ á86=&=<Ĕ6., 2002, %DELD *yUD 0W %8-$.,(:,&= :LHONRSROVND UHJLRQ %8-$.,(:,&= ),./(:,&= 1963; /,6,(:6.$ DQGWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLD LWKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGIURPHJWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUN %8-$.,(:,&= /,6,(:6.$ Puszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW FRIEDRICH 1984, 1985/1986, 1997; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ &HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUN FRIEDRICH %RU\7XFKROVNLH)RUHVWV .20252:6- .$ ,ĕVNR/DQGVFDSH3DUN 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 2004a; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. DQG Puszcza:NU]DĕVND)RUHVW FRIEDRICH ,WKDVQRZEHHQUHFRUGHGLQ3RPHUDQLDDW QHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ ,Q3RPHUDQLDHypholoma udum grows in raised and transitional bogs. It reaches the occurrence optimum in phytocoenoses of non-forest peat- land communities, primarily in Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Sphagnetum magellanici, and Erico-Sphagnetum medii. It occurred in Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Rhynchosporetum albae, and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, and was also often recorded in forest peatland communities, Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum. Leccinum niveum forms mycorrhizae with various birch species, e.g., Betula pubescens and B. pendula. It grows among Sphagnum spp., primarily in raised and transitional bogs but also on the margins of humid pine forest. It is rare but widespread occurring in the temper- DWHERUHDOVXEDOSLQHDQGDUFWLF]RQHV7KHVSHFLHVLVNQRZQIURP1RUWK$PHULFD &DQDGD 86$ $VLD &KLQD DQG(XURSHHJIURP'HQPDUN(VWRQLD)LQODQG)UDQFH*HUPDQ\ *UHDW%ULWDLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV1RUZD\6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG .5(,6(/ 1987; BRE- ,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1991; /$112< (67$'(6 1995; '(1%$..(5 1225'(/226 2005; FU et al. 2006; .$/$0((6 6$$5 2006; '(1%$..(5 et al. 2007; .18'6(1 7$
55 LEGON et al. ,Q3RODQGLWZDVNQRZQIURPIHZVLWHVHJWKHPojezierze Mazurskie /DNHODQG 2/(6,Ĕ6., :2-(:2'$ *yU\ ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH 0WV á86=&=<Ĕ6., DQG/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGLQWKH%RU\ 7XFKROVNLH1DWLRQDO3DUN á$:5<12:,&= 7UyMPLDVWR/DQGVFDSH3DUN WILGA 2002, ,ĕVNR/DQGVFDSH3DUN 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Pojezierze0\ğOLERUVNLH/DNHODQG 67$6,Ĕ6.$ DQGPuszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW 67$6,Ĕ6.$ ,WKDVQRZEHHQUH- FRUGHGLQ3RPHUDQLDDWQHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ Leccinum niveum reaches its occurrence optimum in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis but it also occurs in phy- tocoenoses of Caricetum lasiocarpae, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum. In Pomerania it mostly occurs in raised and transitional bogs. Leccinum variicolor is a mycorrhizal species, closely associated with birch. It grows on soil or among Sphagnum spp., in humid deciduous forests or in open sites. The fungus is widespread and occurs in the northern hemisphere, in the temperate, boreal, subalpine DQGDUFWLF]RQHV,WLVNQRZQIURP1RUWK$PHULFD &DQDGD86$ $VLD &KLQD-DSDQ and Europe, e.g., from Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Macedonia, WKH1HWKHUODQGV6ZLW]HUODQGDQG6FDQGLQDYLDQFRXQWULHV .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991b /$1- 12< (67$'(6 1995; '(1%$..(5 1225'(/226 2005; FU et al. 2006; .$/$0((6 SAAR 2006; '(1%$..(5 et al. 2007; .$5$'(/(9 et al. 2007; .18'6(1 7$
56 localities, Lyophyllum palustre reaches the occurrence optimum in non-forest peatland communities: Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, but it also occurs numerously in phy- tocoenoses of forest peatland communities: Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum. Monilinia oxycocci LV D SDUDVLWH WKDW SURGXFHV IUXLW ERGLHV RQ URWWHQ DQG PXPPLÀHG fruits of Oxycoccus palustris depositing from the previous year. It is a widespread species, known from North America, Asia and Europe, e.g., from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine DENNIS 1978; CANNON et al. 1985; %$75$1991; .5,(*/67(,1(5 1993; REDHEAD 1997; HAN- 6(1 .18'6(1 2000; 0,17(5 et al. ,WLVDUDUHVSHFLHVLQ3RODQGDOWKRXJKLWZDV recorded at scattered localities as early as the late 19thFHQWXU\ +(11,1*61891; LUDWIG 1892; 0$*186 1896, after 3$/0(5 7586=.2:6.$ HJLQ0D]RZV]H0DVXULDDQG 3RGODVLH 3$/0(5 7586=.2:6.$ WKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ 6$á$7$ %('1$5&=<. DQGRQ%DELD*yUD0W %8-$.,(:,&= ZKHUHLWZDVUHFRUGHGLQSphagnetum magel- lanici,Q3RPHUDQLDLWKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGIURPWKHYLFLQLW\RI/ċERUN 0$*186 1893, after '20,1,. DQG%RQLQ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(.D ZKHUHLWZDVQRWHGLQCaricetum limosaeSK\WRFRHQRVHV,WKDVQRZEHHQUHFRUGHGDWWZRQHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ in the Jezioro&ċJL0DâHQDWXUHUHVHUYHDQGLQWKH=LHPRP\ğO,ERJ Mycena adonis var. adonis is a saprotroph growing on soil, plant remains, among grasses and mosses, e.g., Sphagnum spp., in humid coniferous and mixed forests, in peatlands and sporadically in humid meadows. It is a widespread species, known from North Ameri- FD &DQDGD 86$ $VLD 7XUNH\ DQG (XURSH HJ IURP $XVWULD %XOJDULD 'HQPDUN Finland, Germany, Great Britain, /LWKXDQLD 1RUZD\ 6ZHGHQ DQG 6ZLW]HUODQG 60,7+ 1947;%5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1991; .5,(*/67(,1(51991b; 0$$6*((67(5$186 1992a, b; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; *<26+(9$ *$1(9$ 2004; (00(77et al. 2008; /$0285(8;2008; LEGON et al. 2009;6(6/, '(1&+(9 ,WLVDUDUHVSHFLHVLQ3R- ODQGDOWKRXJKLWLVNQRZQIURPYDULRXVUHJLRQVLQWKHFRXQWU\ /,6,(:6.$ :2-(:2'$ HJIURPWKH3LHQLQ\1DWLRQDO3DUN *80,Ĕ6.$ WKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. WKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV á86=&=<Ĕ6., WKH:LHONRSRO- VNDUHJLRQ /,6,(:6.$ DQGWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWLV UHFRUGHGVSRUDGLFDOO\HJLQWKH&HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUNDQG3XV]F]D:NU]DĕVND)RU:NU]DĕVND)RU- HVW FRIEDRICH %RU\ 7XFKROVNLH)RUHVWV á$:5<12:,&= 6=.2'=,. 2002; á$:5<12:,&=et al. Puszcza%XNRZD)RUHVWQHDU6]F]HFLQ 67$6,Ĕ6.$627(. D YLFLQLW\RI6âXSVN '20$Ĕ6., 1997; after WOJEWODA 7KHVSHFLHVKDVQRZ EHHQQRWHGDWQHZORFDOLWLHVLQGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRI3RPHUDQLD $SSHQGL[ ZKHUHLW occurred in raised and transitional bogs. At its Pomeranian localities, Mycena adonis var. adonis reaches its occurrence optimum in phytocoenoses of Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum but it has also been recorded in Sphagnetum magellanici, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, and Vaccinio ul- iginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. Mycena megaspora grows on soil, among Sphagnum spp. or other mosses, usually among shoots of Calluna vulgaris, Empetrum nigrum, Erica tetralix and Vaccinium sp., in humid coniferous forests, in peatlands and heathland, sometimes at previously burnt sites. It is DZLGHVSUHDGVSHFLHVNQRZQIURP1RUWK$PHULFD &DQDGD86$ $VLD 7XUNH\ DQG Europe, e.g., from Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
57 *UHDW%ULWDLQ/LWKXDQLD1RUZD\6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG 60,7+ 1947; .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991b; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; 0$$6*((67(5$186 1992a, b; *<26+(9$ GANEVA 2004; .$/$0((6 6$$5 2006;(00(77et al. 2008; /$0285(8;2008; LEGON et al. 2009;6(6/, '(1&+(9 ,Q3RODQGLWLVDUDUHVSHFLHVZKLFKRFFXUVDWVLQJOH ORFDOLWLHVLQYDULRXVUHJLRQVRIWKHFRXQWU\ /,6,(:6.$ :2-(:2'$ HJLQ the Puszcza%LDâRZLHVND)RUHVWDQGRQ%DELD*yUD0W %8-$.,(:,&= WKH*yU\ ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV /,6,(:6.$ 1979; á86=&=<Ĕ6., WKH:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ /,6,(:6.$ DQGWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ ,Q3RPHUDQLDLWZDVSUHYLRXVO\ UHFRUGHGRQO\LQWKH&HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUNLQSK\WRFRHQRVHVRILeucobryo-Pinetum and Sphagnetum magellanici FRIEDRICH Mycena megaspora has now been UHFRUGHGDWQHZORFDOLWLHV $SSHQGL[ ZKHUHLWJUHZLQUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDO bogs, in phytocoenoses of Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. Psathyrella sphagnicola is a saprotroph growing among mosses, mainly Sphagnum spp., in peatlands, in wet sites, in coniferous forests or in forests with birch present in the tree VWDQG,WLVNQRZQIURP1RUWK$PHULFD$VLD 7XUNH\ DQG(XURSHHJIURPWKH&]HFK 5HSXEOLF'HQPDUN)LQODQG)UDQFH*HUPDQ\*UHDW%ULWDLQ/LWKXDQLD1RUZD\6ORYD- NLD6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG 60,7+ 1972; .,769$1:$9(5(11985; .5,(*/67(,1(5 1991a %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1995; 'Ɨ1,(/(>$927$@ .5$67,Ƽ$ 2002; 9$ã872:É 2006; /$0- 285(8;2008; g567$',86 .18'6(12008; LEGON et al. 2009; 6(6/, '(1&+(9 ,W LVYHU\UDUHRUUDUHZRUOGZLGHUHGOLVWHGLQPDQ\FRXQWULHV +2/(& %(5$1 2006; SENN- IRLET et al. ,Q3RODQGWKHWD[RQZDVSUHYLRXVO\UHSRUWHGIURPDIHZVFDWWHUHGORFDOL- WLHV WOJEWODA HJLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. 1959; 6.,5*,(áá2 et al. DQGLQWKH/XEOLQUHJLRQ )/,6,Ĕ6.$ LQSK\WRFRHQRVHVRISphagnetum ma- gellanici. In Pomerania Psathyrella sphagnicola has been recorded in the Bory Tucholskie 1DWLRQDO3DUN $SSHQGL[ ZKHUHLWJUHZLQWKUHHVPDOOSHDWODQGVDPRQJSphagnum spp., Oxycoccus palustris and Ledum palustre, under Betula pubescens and Pinus sylvestris, in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum. 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV is a mycorrhizal species associated with Pinus sylvestris and other two- needle pine species. It grows on soil and among mosses, e.g., Sphagnum spp. and Polytri- chum spp., in peatlands and in humid pine forests. The fungus is widespread but it is a YHU\UDUHVSHFLHVLQPDQ\FRXQWULHVDQGLVSURWHFWHGRUUHGOLVWHG +2/(& %(5$1 2006; SENN-IRLET et al. ,WRFFXUVLQ1RUWK$PHULFD$VLDDQG(XURSHHJLQ$XVWULD Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Ice- ODQG1RUZD\5XVVLD6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQG %5(,7(1%$&+ .5b1=/,1 1991; .5,(*/- 67(,1(51991b; $66<29 '(1&+(9 2004; .$/$0((6 6$$5 2006; .18'6(1 7$
58 5. 5(68/765(9,(:$1'',6&866,21
5.1. Macromycetes of peatland communities: Pomerania and other regions in Poland
The results of research into macroscopic fungi in forest and non-forest peatland commu- QLWLHVLQ3RPHUDQLDFRQGXFWHGRYHUDSHULRGRIVHYHUDO\HDUVÀOODJDSLQWKHP\FRORJLFDO recognition of peatland ecosystems in Poland. They also give an opportunity to assess the similarity or its lack between biotas of macroscopic fungi in the same communities across a variety of regions in Poland. The macromycete biota in Caricetum limosae in Pomerania is considerably richer than that in the PojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH/DNHODQGUHFRUGHGE\)/,6,Ĕ6.$ VSHFLHVRIIXQJLZHUHUHFRUGHGLQWKHSK\WRFRHQRVHVLQ3RPHUDQLD FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE $ ZKLOHVSHFLHVZHUHUHFRUGHGLQWKHPojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH/DNHODQG Only 7 species occurred in both regions. Bryophilous fungi, e.g., Galerina paludosa, Hypho- loma elongatum and H. udum, dominated in Caricetum limosae patches in both. Lyophyl- lum palustre, which parasitizes sphagna, also occurred numerously. The contribution of mycorrhizal fungi is considerable in some patches of Caricetum limosaeLQ3RPHUDQLD FI $SSHQGL[ 7DE$ GXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRISLQHDQGELUFK The occurrence of macroscopic fungi in Rhynchosporetum albae in Pomerania is similar to that observed in studies by Ğ/86$5&=<. LQWKH3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNH3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNH/XEXVNLH/DNH- land. The diversity of fungal species in the phytocoenoses of Rhynchosporetum albae in both regions is small. From 4 to 7 species were recorded in the patches in the Pojezierze /XEXVNLH/DNHODQGDQGIURPWRLQ3RPHUDQLD%U\RSKLORXVIXQJLZHUHDGRPLQDQW group, which can be attributed to strong hydration of the phytocoenoses studied. Galerina paludosa, Hypholoma elongatum and Lyophyllum palustre occurred in phytocoenoses in both regions. In comparison with the Pojezierze /XEXVNLH /DNHODQG Ğ/86$5&=<. WKH ELRWD of macroscopic fungi in Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvii in Pomerania is con- siderably richer. A total of 29 species of fungi were noted in Pomerania and 11 in the 3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGZLWKRQO\WD[DLQFRPPRQ3K\WR/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGZLWKRQO\WD[DLQFRPPRQ3K\WRFRHQRVHVRFRHQRVHVRIWKLVFRPIWKLVFRP- munity in both regions are mycologically similar by the presence of fungi associated with the moss layer, e.g., Galerina paludosa, G. tibiicystis, Hypholoma elongatum, H. udum, and Lyophyllum palustre. Gymnopus androsaceus and Russula emetica, fungi mostly associated with pine, also occur in both areas. Patches of Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi in Pomerania have a considerably higher contribution of mycorrhizal and litter-inhabiting saprotrophic fungi than in the Pojezierze/XEXVNLH/DNHODQG P\FRUUKL]DOVSHFLHVDQG OLWWHULQKDELWLQJVSHFLHVZHUHUHFRUGHGLQ3RPHUDQLDDQGDQGLQWKH3RMH]LHU]H/X3RMH]LHU]H/X/X- EXVNLH/DNHODQGUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKHIXQJDVRIWKLVFRPPXQLW\LQERWK regions are probably caused by different hydration levels and the presence of trees. The results of studies conducted by Ğ/86$5&=<. LQCaricetum lasiocarpae LQWKH3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGGLIIHUIURPWKRVHSUHVHQWHG3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGGLIIHUIURPWKRVHSUHVHQWHGLQWKL/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGGLIIHUIURPWKRVHSUHVHQWHGLQWKLVVWXG\7LQWKLVVWXG\7KHQXPVVWXG\7KHQXPKHQXP- ber of fungal species recorded by Ğ/86$5&=<. LQLQGLYLGXDOSK\WRFRHQRVHVRIWKH community ranges from 12 to 13 while between 5 and 20 species of fungi were recorded at WKHVWXG\VLWHV FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE$ $JUHDWHURFFXUUHQFHRIWUHHVLQVRPHSK\WR- coenoses in Pomerania in comparison with the Pojezierze/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGPD\EHRQH
59 of the underlying reasons and can lead to a more numerous occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi in these phytocoenoses. Bryophilous fungi such as Galerina paludosa and Hypholoma elongatum as well as Lyophyllum palustreDUHWKHSULPDU\WD[D LQWRWDO WKDWRFFXULQ the patches both in Pomerania and the Pojezierze/XEXVNLH/DNHODQG Ğ/86$5&=<. 2004, The number of taxa and the species composition of the macromycete biota recorded in a variety of Sphagnetum magellanici pinetosum phytocoenoses in Pomerania do not dif- fer considerably. Between 27 and 37 species of fungi were recorded in the study patches FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE$ LQDSDWFKLQWKHPuszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW FRIEDRICH DQG LQWKH&HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUN FRIEDRICH VSHFLHVRFFXU both in the study area and the Puszcza Goleniowska Forest, and 23 in the study area and WKH&HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUN+RZHYHURQO\VSHFLHVRIIXQJLRFFXUUHGLQDOORIWKH3R- meranian phytocoenoses. The majority of them were bryophilous fungi such as Arrhenia gerardiana, Galerina paludosa, G. sphagnorum, Hypholoma elongatum, and H. udum, and mycorrhizal fungi, e.g., Laccaria proxima, Lactarius helvus, L. rufus, Russula emetica, and Suillus varigatus. Some mycological similarity is observed between phytocoenoses of Sphagnetum magel- lanici pinetosumLQWKHVWXG\DUHDDQGLWVSDWFKHVLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. ZKHUHWRVSHFLHVZHUHUHFRUGHG2QO\VSHFLHVRFFXUUHGLQERWK$FRQVLGHU- able contribution of Picea excelsa in the tree stand in Sphagnetum magellanici pinetosum in WKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. DQGGLIIHUHQWFOLPDWLFFRQGLWLRQVPD\FDXVH the dissimilarity of the fungal biotas of this sub-community in the two regions. The biota of macroscopic fungi of Sphagnetum magellaniciLQWKHVWXG\DUHDLVSRRUHU VSHFLHV WKDQWKDWLQWKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV VSHFLHV á86=&=<Ĕ6., and the PojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH/DNHODQG VSHFLHV )/,6,Ĕ6.$ EXWLWLVULFKHULQVSHFLHVWKDQWKDWLQWKHQRUWK:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ VSHFLHV ),./(- WICZ-SOBSTYL DQGRQ%DELD*yUD0W VSHFLHV %8-$.,(:,&= ,WVSK\WRFRH- noses in the study area and in other regions differ not only by the number of taxa but also by the species composition of fungi. The greatest number of the same taxa was recorded at the study sites and in the patches in the PojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH/DNHODQG VSHFLHV DVZHOODVWKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV ZKLOHWKHVPDOOHVWQXPEHURQ%DELD *yUD0W 6SHFLHVWKDWRFFXUUHGLQSK\WRFRHQRVHVLQDOORIWKHVHUHJLRQVDUHArrhenia gerardiana, Galerina paludosa, Hypholoma elongatum, Lactarius rufus, and Russula emetica. The number of mycorrhizal fungi and fungi growing among mosses recorded in the study phytocoenoses of Sphagnetum magellanici and its patches in the above regions is VLPLODU$VPDOOFRQWULEXWLRQRIOLJQLFRORXVIXQJLZDVUHFRUGHGLQWKHVWXG\SDWFKHV VSHFLHV DQGWKHSDWFKHVLQWKH:LHONRSROVNDUHJLRQ VSHFLHV DQGRQ%DELD*yUD0W VSHFLHV ZKLOHWKHLUQXPEHULVFRQVLGHUDEOHLQWKH*yU\ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH0WV VSH- FLHV DQGLQWKHPojezierzeáċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH/DNHODQG VSHFLHV 7KLVLVOLNHO\ to be related mostly to the availability of suitable substrate on which wood-inhabiting fungi can develop. The results of observations conducted in the Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax FRPPXQLW\LQ3RPHUDQLDGLIIHUFRQVLGHUDEO\IURPWKRVHREWDLQHGLQWKH3RMH]LHU]H/X3RMH]LHU]H/X/X- EXVNLH/DNHODQG Ğ/86$5&=<. $OWRJHWKHUVSHFLHVRIIXQJLZHUHUHFRUGHGLQWKH FRPPXQLW\LQWKH3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGZKLOHRQO\VSH3RMH]LHU]H/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGZKLOHRQO\VSHFLHVZHUHQRWHGL/XEXVNLH/DNHODQGZKLOHRQO\VSHFLHVZHUHQRWHGLQ3RFLHVZHUHQRWHGLQ3RQ3R- PHUDQLD FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 1LQHWHHQVSHFLHVDUHLQFRPPRQ7KHFRQWULEXWLRQ RIZRRGLQKDELWLQJIXQJLLQWKHSK\WRFRHQRVHVLQ3RPHUDQLDLVVPDOO VSHFLHV ZKLOHWKH\
60 are a dominant group in the Pojezierze/XEXVNLH/DNHODQG VSHFLHV 7KLVLVLQÁXHQFHG by the presence of large amounts of available dead wood which provides the substrate Ğ/86$5&=<. 7KHFRQWULEXWLRQRIIXQJLEHORQJLQJWRRWKHUELRHFRORJLFDOJURXSVLQ the phytocoenoses of Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax is similar in both regions. The richness of the biota of macroscopic fungi in the study patches of Vaccinio uliginosi- PinetumDQGWKDWLQLWVSDWFKHVLQRWKHUUHJLRQVRI3RODQG 1(63,$. 1959; ),./(:,&=62%- STYL 1965; /,6,(:6.$ 1978, 1979; á86=&=<Ĕ6., GLIIHU7KHQXPEHURIIXQJDOVSHFLHV UHFRUGHGLQWKHVWXG\SDWFKHVUDQJHVEHWZHHQDQG FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE$ ZKLOH IURP WR VSHFLHV ZHUH UHFRUGHG LQ WKH *yU\ ĞZLċWRNU]\VNLH 0WV /,6,(:6.$ 1978; á86=&=<Ĕ6., EHWZHHQDQGLQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN 1(63,$. DQGDQGLQQRUWK:LHONRSROVND ),./(:,&=62%67
61 )/,6,Ĕ6.$ 7KHVHVWXGLHVXVXDOO\SURYLGHRQO\OLVWVRIIXQJDOVSHFLHVDQGDFRPSDUD- tive analysis would not be viable. The results of my investigations conducted in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescen- tis phytocoenoses in the study area mostly diverge from those obtained by FRIEDRICH LQWKHPuszcza Goleniowska)RUHVWDQGWKHSURSRVHG:LOF]H8URF]\VNR Olszanka nature reserve and by %8-$.,(:,&= LQWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUN7KH QXPEHURIVSHFLHVLQWKHVWXG\SDWFKHVUDQJHVEHWZHHQDQG FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE $ ZKLOHVSHFLHVZHUHQRWHGLQDVLQJOHSDWFKLQWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUNDQG 85 species in the Puszcza Goleniowska Forest. On the other hand, altogether 43 species of fungi were recorded in patches of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis in the proposed :LOF]H8URF]\VNR2OV]DQNDUHVHUYH FRIEDRICH 7KHJUHDWHVWQXPEHURIVSHFLHVLQ common was recorded in its patches in the study area and the Puszcza Goleniowska Forest DQGWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUN 0RVWO\P\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL HJAmanita fulva, Paxillus involutus DQGZRRGLQKDELWLQJ IXQJL HJ Mycena galericulata, Piptoporus betulinus DUH WKH VDPH IXQJDO FRPSRQHQWV in the above patches of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. These groups of fungi are also the richest in species. This is related to the occurrence of the same tree species, mainly birch and pine, in the tree stands and the diversity and the availability of suitable substrate on which lignicolous fungi can develop. The study phytocoenoses of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis are distinguished by the occurrence of bryophilous fungi such as Galerina tibiicystis and G. sphagnorumZKLFKIRUPDIDLUO\QXPHURXVJURXS VSHFLHV 7KLVLVLQÁXHQFHGE\DZHOOGHYHORSHGPRVVOD\HUDQGDFRQVLGHUDEOHFRQWULEXWLRQ of sphagna in it. The above comparative analysis of the effectes of this study and the results of previous mycosociological observations carried out in peatland communities in a variety of regions LQ 3RODQG 1(63,$. 1959; ),./(:,&=62%67
5.2. Indicator value of macroscopic fungi in peatland communities
Peatland communities examined in this study differ by the composition of fungal species. 6SHFLHVRIIXQJLWKDWZHUHUHFRUGHGLQRQO\RQHRIWKHFRPPXQLWLHVFRQVWLWXWH VSHFLHV RIDOOWKHWD[DUHFRUGHG+RZHYHUEDVHGRQWKHREVHUYDWLRQVFRQGXFWHGVRIDULW LVGLIÀFXOWWRLQGLFDWHVSHFLHVWKDWFRXOGEHWUHDWHGDVSK\WRVRFLRORJLFDOO\FKDUDFWHULVWLFRU differential of a community as the majority of fungi recorded in only one of the study com- munities have a low constancy or frequency, usually occurred in it sporadically and were QRWDEXQGDQW FI$SSHQGL[ 7DE$ 7KHVHVSHFLHVDUHDOVRQRWHGLQQRQSHDWODQG plant communities where they often grow more abundantly and reach a higher constancy. Therefore they do not have indicator value for the study communities because they do not PHHWRQHRIWKHFUXFLDOFULWHULDRIFKDUDFWHULVWLFVSHFLHVWKDWLVÀGHOLW\ WOJEWODA 1975; $'$0&=<. ,WLVRIWHQGLIÀFXOWWRHVWDEOLVKWKHDWWDFKPHQWGHJUHHRILQGLYLGXDOVSHFLHVRIIXQJLWR DVSHFLÀFSODQWFRPPXQLW\DVWKHPXWXDOUHODWLRQVKLSWKDWIXQJLDQGSODQWFRPPXQLWLHV enter is versatile and largely depends on the entirety of ecological conditions that a plant
62 FRPPXQLW\SURYLGHVIRUIXQJL .251$Ğ1957; 1(63,$.1959; %8-$.,(:,&=1982; )5,('5,&+ 0DQ\IXQJDOVSHFLHVGHSHQGGLUHFWO\RQDVSHFLÀFYDVFXODUSODQWVSHFLHVIRULQVWDQFH ectomycorrhizal fungi on a tree species, while only indirectly on the community in which WKH\RFFXU WOJEWODA %DVHGRQVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VHVÀYHP\FRVRFLRORJLFRHFRORJL- FDOJURXSVRIIXQJDOVSHFLHVZHUHGLVWLQJXLVKHG IRXUJURXSVZHUHLGHQWLÀHGGHSHQGLQJRQ DVSHFLÀFSK\WRFRHQRVLVRUDJURXSRISK\WRFRHQRVHVZLWKZKLFKWKH\ZHUHDVVRFLDWHGDQG one group of fungal species with a broader ecological scale, recorded in all of the peatland FRPPXQLWLHVH[DPLQHGKHUHZDVGHWHFWHG FI)LJ$% 7DE Galerina sphagnorum JURXS , FRPSULVHVGalerina sphagnorum, Arrhenia gerardiana, and $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD. A considerable contribution of these fungal species was recorded in at least one of the non-forest peatland community: Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum rostratae, Caricetum limosae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, and Rhynchospore- tum albae. Species of fungi that occur numerously and grow frequently in phytocoenoses of all of the study non-forest peatland communities, Hypholoma elongatum, H. udum, Gale- rina paludosa, G. tibiicystis and Lyophyllum palustre, and Clavaria fragilis ZKLFKZDVQRWHG more often in the patches of Sphagnetum magellanici and the community Eriophorum vag- inatum-Sphagnum fallax EHORQJWRWKHHypholoma elongatumJURXS ,, 6SHFLHVRIIXQJL that prefer strongly hydrated habitats, associated with mosses, especially with sphagna, IRUPLQJIXQJDOV\QXVLDHFKDUDFWHULVWLFRISHDWPRVVFRPPXQLWLHV 1(63,$.1959; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(.D ZHUHPRVWO\FODVVHGLQWKHVHWZRJURXSV6RPHIXQJDOVSHFLHVHJAr- rhenia gerardiana, Galerina paludosa, G. sphagnorum, Hypholoma elongatum, Lyophyllum palustre, included in the two groups, were noted in patches of the same non-forest peatland communities in, for instance, the Puszcza Goleniowska)RUHVW FRIEDRICH WKH &HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUN )5,('5,&+ RQ%DELD*yUD0W %8-$.,(:,&= LQWKH Pojezierze áċF]\ĕVNR:âRGDZVNLH /DNHODQG )/,6,Ĕ6.$ DQG WKH Pojezierze /XEXVNLH/DNHODQG Ğ/86$5&=<. DQGUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVLQ'HQPDUN LANGE WKH&]HFK5HSXEOLF .27/$%$ DQG,WDO\ PERINI et al. 7ZRIXUWKHUJURXSV ,,,Lactarius tabidus and IV. Russula emetica FRPSULVHVSHFLHV of fungi preferring weakly hydrated habitats that occur in forest peatland communities: Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum FI )LJ $ % 7DE 7KH Lactarius tabidus JURXS ,,, FRQVLVWV RI VSHFLHV RI IXQJL WKDW JURZ primarily in phytocoenoses of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. Birch-associated fungi, e.g. Lactarius necator, L. tabidus, Piptoporus betulinus and Russula aeruginea, and species with a broader ecological scale, e.g., Gymnopus dryophilus, Pluteus cervinus, and Stereum hirsutum, also recorded in a variety of deciduous forests such as oak-hornbeam IRUHVWVRUEHHFKIRUHVWV á$:5<12:,&= 1973; /,6,(:6.$ 1965, 1974, 1978; WOJEWODA 1975; )5,('5,&+ 19861994; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 1999; á86=&=<Ĕ6., EHORQJWRWKLVJURXS7KH presence of macromycetes of meso- and eutrophic deciduous forests in the fungal biota of Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis may be one of the factors indicative of a more mesotrophic nature of this community in comparison with Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum, as suggested by 0$786=.,(:,&=: The Russula emeticaJURXS ,9 FRQVLVWVRIVSHFLHVRIIXQJLUHFRUGHGPRVWO\LQVac- cinio uliginosi-PinetumSK\WRFRHQRVHV FI)LJ$% 7DE +RZHYHUWKHVSHFLHVFDQ- not be regarded as closely associated with this community. The majority of them are also noted, sometimes commonly, in Leucobryo-Pinetum DQGPL[HGFRQLIHURXVIRUHVWV Querco roboris-Pinetum, Serratulo-Pinetum HJHygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Lactarius rufus, Russula emetica, and Strobilurus tenacellus 1(63,$. 1959; %8-$.,(:,&= 1981; )5,('5,&+ 7KH
63 mycological dissimilarity of Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum is rather a result of habitat condi- tions in which its patches develop, which allows fungi preferring more oligotrophic and moist KDELWDWVHJIXQJLDWWDFKHGWRVSKDJQDWRGHYHORS FAVRE 1948; LANGE 1948; 1(63,$. 1959; /,6,(:6.$ 1978; %8-$.,(:,&= 1981; )/,6,Ĕ6.$ 1987/1988; SALO 1993; )5,('5,&+
5.3. The role of fungi in peatland communities
Fungi are an important component of each phytocoenosis. They closely depend on it and, DWWKHVDPHWLPHLQÁXHQFHLWE\SHUIRUPLQJDUDQJHRIIXQFWLRQVLQLW .251$Ğ 1957; AR- NOLDS 6DSURWURSKLFIXQJLWKDWWDNHSDUWLQWKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHRUJDQLFPDWWHU biotrophic fungi that form symbioses with plants, and necrotrophic fungi that parasitize living organisms, can be distinguished based on the functions related to their nutrition W\SHV ARNOLDS 2I WKH ELRHFRORJLFDO JURXSV RI IXQJL LGHQWLÀHG LQ WKH SHDWODQG FRPPXQLWLHV VWXGLHG KHUHWKHFORVHVWUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKIRUHVWSK\WRFRHQRVHV Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis LVUHFRUGHGIRUP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJLZKLFKDFFRUG- ing to /,6,(:6.$ %8-$.,(:,&= DQGFRIEDRICH EHVWFKDUDFWHUL]HIRU- est communities. Mycorrhizal fungi have a considerable contribution in both communi- WLHV LQWKHFRQLIHURXVIRUHVWDQGLQWKHELUFKIRUHVW 7KH\DUHDVVRFLDWHG mostly with tree species dominant in each community: pine in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and birch in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. The high contribution of mycorrhizal fungi in forest peatland communities is indicative of the good condition of the tree stands and normal biological relationships occurring in the phytocoenoses. According to TER- 0256+8,=(1 SCHAFFERS GHJHQHUDWLRQRISRSXODWLRQVRIIRUHVWWUHHVDQGIXQJL usually occurs simultaneously and is at the same time a symptom of a decrease in the number of fruit bodies and the disappearance of some mycorrhizal fungi, which may be an indication of a reduction in mycorrhizal abilities of the mycelium and also indirectly of a reduction in the biological condition of trees. The contribution of mycorrhizal fungi in non-forest peatland communities depends on the presence of trees and shrubs in the phytocoenoses or close nearby. Mycorrhi- zal fungi occur in Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax more frequently and numerously than in Cari- cetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Carice- tum rostratae, and Rhynchosporetum albaeZKLFKDUHODUJHO\WUHHOHVV 0$786=.,(:,&=: $QLQFUHDVLQJFRQWULEXWLRQRIP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJLLQQRQIRUHVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQL- WLHVPD\EHRQHRIWKHÀUVWVLJQVRIDGYHUVHFKDQJHVRFFXUULQJLQWKHVHSK\WRFRHQRVHV as the penetration of trees and their mycorrhizal partners into non-forested peat-moss FRPPXQLWLHVDIIHFWVKDELWDWFRQGLWLRQV -$612:6., 1972; -$612:6.$ et al. 2000; HERBI- CHOWA et al. Saprotrophic fungi that take part in the decomposition of the organic matter some- times show a very high degree of nutritive preferences and specialization by developing RQVSHFLÀFVXEVWUDWHVVRPHWLPHVUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHSODQWFRPPXQLW\LQZKLFKWKH\GHYHORS /,6,(:6.$1974; FRIEDRICH VXFKDVVDSURWURSKLFIXQJLJURZLQJDPRQJPRVVHVDQG especially species associated with sphagna, e.g., Galerina paludosa and G. tibiicystis. They were recorded in all of the peatland communities. Fungi growing among mosses are a dominant group, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in Rhynchosporetum albae
64 and Caricetum rostratae 6SHFLHVEHORQJLQJWRWKLVJURXSDOVRKDYHDFRQVLGHUDEOH contribution in Caricetum limosae DQG Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi FI)LJ% A close correlation with the substrate on which they grow is also recorded for wood- inhabiting saprotrophic fungi. The frequency and abundance of their occurrence depends RQWKHVXEVWUDWHW\SHDQGLWVGHFRPSRVLWLRQGHJUHH .5(,6(/ 1961b; /,6,(:6.$ 1974; WO- JEWODA 2YHURIVSHFLHVRIOLJQLFRORXVIXQJLUHFRUGHGLQWKHFRPPXQLWLHVRFFXU on birch wood whose abundance encourages their occurrence. On the other hand, less WKDQRIVSHFLHVRIIXQJLFRORQL]HSLQHZRRG/LJQLFRORXVIXQJLPDLQO\RFFXUUHGLQIRU- HVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV LQVaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis RFFXUUHG VSRUDGLFDOO\ LQ Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, and did not occur in other QRQIRUHVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV FI)LJ$% Only Lyophyllum palustre, parasitizing sphagna, plays an important role in the peatland FRPPXQLWLHVLQWKHVPDOOJURXSRISDUDVLWLFIXQJL DVLWRFFXUVIUHTXHQWO\DQGLQD high number, especially in non-forest peatland communities.
5.4. Environmental factors and macromycete diversity in peatland phytocoenoses
The occurrence of macromycetes is closely related to and affected by a variety of abiotic IDFWRUV HJFOLPDWLFIDFWRUVVRLOSURSHUWLHV DQGELRWLFIDFWRUVHJWKHVSHFLHVFRPSR- VLWLRQRISODQWFRPPXQLWLHVUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQIXQJLDQGVSHFLÀFSODQWVSHFLHV NE- 63,$. 1959; *80,Ĕ6.$ 1962; WOJEWODA 1975; /,6,(:6.$ 1978; %8-$.,(:,&= 1981, 1982; FRIEDRICH 1985/1987, 1994; á86=&=<Ĕ6., 7KHUHVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\DOVRLQGLFDWHLP- portant correlations between the occurrence of fungal species and selected factors of the HQYLURQPHQWVXFKDVWKHKXPLGLW\DQGUHDFWLRQ S+ RIWKHVXEVWUDWHDVZHOODVLWVFKHPLFDO SURSHUWLHV FIFKDSWHU /LNHYDVFXODUSODQWVVSHFLHVWKDWSUHIHUVSHFLÀFS+YDOXHVDQGUHDFWGLIIHUHQWO\WRLWV FKDQJHVFDQEHGLVWLQJXLVKHGDPRQJIXQJL +81* 75$33( 1983; '(11,61985; TYLER 1989; WATLING 1995; FERRIS et al. $QHJDWLYHFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWRWDOQXPEHU RIIXQJL LQFOXGLQJWKHQXPEHURIP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJLVDSURWURSKLFIXQJLJURZLQJRQSHDW DQGOLWWHULQKDELWLQJVDSURWURSKLFIXQJL DQGVXEVWUDWHUHDFWLRQ S+ ZDVUHFRUGHGLQWKH VWXG\FRPPXQLWLHV$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHRFFXUUHQFHRIVSHFLÀFVSHFLHVRIIXQJLLVODUJHO\GH- WHUPLQHGE\WKHLUS+UHTXLUHPHQWV FIFKDSWHU Substrate humidity is another factor that affects the diversity of fungi in individual veg- HWDWLRQSDWFKHV FIFKDSWHU 6SHFLHVSUHIHUULQJJUHDWHUPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWRIWKHVXE- strate include mostly bryophilous fungi, e.g., Hypholoma elongatum, occurring numerously primarily in non-forest peatland communities such as Rhynchosporetum albae and Erio- phoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, some mycorrhizal fungi, e.g. Inocybe lanuginosa and Russula paludosa, and litter-inhabiting saprotrophic fungi, e.g., Mycena cinerella, occurring more frequently in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum or Erico-Sphagnetum medii:HDNO\KXPLG substrates are preferred by many mycorrhizal fungi, e.g., Russula aeruginea and Lactarius pubescens, growing primarily in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. Periodic drying of the phytocoenoses, mostly belonging to communities usually occu- pying more humid habitats, e.g., Caricetum lasiocarpae and Sphagnetum magellanici, has
65 an important effect on the diversity of fungi in the peatland communities. The dried-out top layer of the substrate does not encourage the development of fungal species prefer- ring humid substrates while mycorrhizal and litter-inhabiting fungi occur then more com- PRQO\3HULRGLFÁRRGLQJRIYHJHWDWLRQSDWFKHVDOVRSOD\VDUROH6WDJQDWLQJZDWHULQKLE- its the development of fungi even of species preferring greater moisture content of the substrate. Similar observations were made by 1(63,$. LQ SHDWODQG FRPPXQLWLHV LQWKH%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN%8-$.,(:,&= LQWKH6âRZLĕVNL1DWLRQDO3DUNDQG Ğ/86$5&=<. LQDSHDWODQGRIWKHPojezierze/XEXVNLH/DNHODQG Raised and transitional bogs are ecosystems poor in nutrient compounds, especially in ni- trogen and phosphorus. The diversity of fungi occurring in the peatland communities in the VWXG\DUHDDOVRGHSHQGVRQWKHVXEVWUDWH·VFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHV FIFKDSWHU 3RVLWLYHFRU- UHODWLRQFRHIÀFLHQWVZHUHGHWHFWHGEHWZHHQWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIVSHFLHVRIIXQJL LQFOXGLQJ the number of mycorrhizal fungi, saprotrophic fungi growing on peat and litter-inhabiting VDSURWURSKLFIXQJL DQGWKHFRQWHQWRISKRVSKRUXVDQGGLIIHUHQWQLWURJHQIRUPVLQWKHVXE- VWUDWH2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHIDFWRUV WKHFRQWHQWRISKRVSKRUXV DQGGLIIHUHQWQLWURJHQIRUPVLQWKHVXEVWUDWH DQGWKHQXPEHURIVSHFLHVJURZLQJDPRQJ PRVVHVLVZHDNO\QHJDWLYHRULVDEVHQW FIFKDSWHU +RZHYHULWLVGLIÀFXOWWRH[SODLQ XQHTXLYRFDOO\WKHLQÁXHQFHRIWKHVHIDFWRUVRQWKHRFFXUUHQFHRILQGLYLGXDOJURXSVRIIXQJL This is caused by, for instance, the fact that individual species of ectomycorrhizal species of fungi can prefer different forms of nitrogen depending on the type of nitrogen metabolism ZKLOHIRUPLQJP\FRUUKL]DH 58'$:6.$ $UDQJHRIHFWRP\FRUUKL]DOVSHFLHVRIIXQJL DOVRKDYHGLIIHUHQWWROHUDQFHWRDKLJKRUORZQLWURJHQFRQWHQWLQWKHVXEVWUDWH .5$1$%(7- TER et al. 7KHVXEVWUDWH·VFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHVDQGHVSHFLDOO\WKHDYDLODELOLW\RIGLI- IHUHQWQLWURJHQIRUPVSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIIUXLWERGLHV FERRIS et al. ,QH[SHULPHQWVFRQGXFWHGLQWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVLQ)LQODQGSALO VKRZHGWKDWDQ LQFUHDVHLQWKHFRQWHQWRIQLWURJHQDQGSKRVSKRUXVLQWKHVXEVWUDWH FDXVHGE\IHUWLOL]DWLRQ LQÁXHQFHGDQLQFUHDVHLQIUXLWERG\SURGXFWLRQE\P\FRUUKL]DODQGVDSURWURSKLFIXQJL$W the same time, many researchers have noticed a reduction in the number of species and fruit bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi in coniferous forests caused by a high nitrogen content in the VXEVWUDWH OHENOJA 1988; 7(50256+8,=(1 1993; %$$5 The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the majority of the non-forest peat- ODQGFRPPXQLWLHVZHUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\VLPLODUKDELWDWFRQGLWLRQV FI)LJ $% 7KLVLVUHÁHFWHGE\WKHVPDOOQXPEHURIUHFRUGHGWD[DDQGDVLPLODUVSHFLHVFRPSRVLWLRQ RIIXQJL FIFKDSWHU 'LYHUJHQWKDELWDWFRQGLWLRQVDUHREVHUYHGLQIRUHVWSHDWODQG communities, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. The lowest pH and substrate moisture content values were recorded in the patches of these FRPPXQLWLHV FI)LJ $ % ZKLFKHQFRXUDJHVWKH GHYHORSPHQW RI IXQJLDQGLV FRQÀUPHGE\WKHKLJKQXPEHURIUHFRUGHGWD[D FIFKDSWHU VRPHWLPHVVHYHUDOWLPHV higher than that recorded in the non-forest peatland communities. Tree penetration, mostly by Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens and B. pendula, into treeless RSHQ SHDWPRVVFRPPXQLWLHVKDVDFRQVLGHUDEOHLQÁXHQFHRQWKHVSHFLHVFRPSRVLWLRQRI fungi in peatland phytocoenoses, especially non-forest ones. This contributes to a consider- able increase in the diversity of the species composition of fungi because mycorrhizal part- ners, e.g., Laccaria proxima, Lactarius helvus and Russula emetica, begin to occur in the phy- tocoenoses of peatland communities together with trees. This is consistent with observations FRQGXFWHGLQUDLVHGDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOERJVQHDU.UyOHZLHFDQG3R]QDĕE\NEUHOFF LQ WKH %LDâRZLHīD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN E\ 1(63,$. 6ZLW]HUODQG E\ FAVRE
66 Denmark by LANGE WKH&]HFK5HSXEOLFE\.27/$%$ QRUWK*HUPDQ\E\.5(,- SEL D )LQODQGE\SALO DQG,WDO\E\PERINI et al. 3HDWODQGRYHU- growing by trees and forest development, together with the lowering of the water level, leads WRFKDQJHVLQKDELWDWFRQGLWLRQV -$612:6., 1972; HERBICHOWA -ą.$/6.$ 1985; -$612:6.$ et al. 2000; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 2004; HERBICHOWA et al. 2007; %8'<Ğ &RQVHTXHQWO\WKLV may contribute to the recession of species of fungi associated with mosses, and especially with sphagna, e.g., Galerina paludosa and Lyophyllum palustre, and a more numerous and IUHTXHQWRFFXUUHQFHRIVSHFLHVZLWKDEURDGHUHFRORJLFDOVFDOH Ğ/86$5&=<.
6. 6800$5<2)5(68/76$1'&21&/86,216
Investigations into macroscopic fungi of raised and transitional bogs in Pomerania VSDQQHGDSHULRGRI\HDUVDQGZHUHFDUULHGRXWDWVLWHV UDLVHGERJVDQG WUDQVLWLRQDOERJV LQ QRQIRUHVWSHDWODQGFRPPXQLWLHV Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum limosae, Caricetum rostratae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magellanici, and the community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, and 2 forest communities: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis. Mycological observations in Caricetum rostratae and Erico-Sphagnetum mediiZHUHFRQGXFWHGLQ3RODQGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPH A total of 191 species of macroscopic fungi were recorded in raised and transitional bogs in the study area, including 167 taxa noted at 108 permanent research plots. The RFFXUUHQFHRISURWHFWHGVSHFLHVRIIXQJL HJ%RYLVWDSDOXGRVD6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV WD[DRIUHGOLVWHGPDFURP\FHWHV HJHygrocybe coccineocrenata and Lyophyllum palus- tre DQGDIHZVSHFLHVYHU\UDUHO\UHFRUGHGLQ3RODQG HJ Armillaria ectypa and Lec- cinum variicolor LVRIVSHFLDOYDOXHDQGPDNHVWKLVIXQJDKLJKO\LQWHUHVWLQJ7KHDQDO\VLV of the contribution of these species shows that raised and transitional bogs are crucial in preserving the resources of the macromycete biota. The distribution of 21 species of peatland fungi in Pomerania was mapped and is pre- sented as cartograms. As the mycology of raised and transitional bogs is poorly recog- nized, the cartograms provide only introductory information on the distribution of peat- land fungi in Pomerania and may be used as the basis of further and/or future studies. Peatland communities poor in fungi in the study area include Rhynchosporetum albae VSHFLHV UHFRUGHG DW SORWV DQG Caricetum rostratae VSHFLHV UHFRUGHG DW SORWV Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis were the ULFKHVWFRPPXQLWLHVLQIXQJL DQGVSHFLHVDWWHQSORWVUHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHQXP- ber of species of macroscopic fungi recorded in individual peatland communities varies. It depends on the community type and is not dependent on the number of observations and the number and the total area of research plots. Peatland communities in the study area differ by species composition of their funga. +RZHYHUEDVHGRQWKHREVHUYDWLRQVFRQGXFWHGVRIDULWLVGLIÀFXOWWRLQGLFDWHWKRVH species that can be treated as phytosociologically characteristic or differential of a com- PXQLW\DVWKH\GRQRWPHHWWKHEDVLFFULWHULRQRIÀGHOLW\RIFKDUDFWHULVWLFVSHFLHV Of biological groups of fungi distinguished in peatland communities in the study area, the closest relationships with forest phytocoenoses are recorded for mycorrhizal fungi. $ FRQVLGHUDEO\ ORZHU UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK VSHFLÀF SODQW FRPPXQLWLHV ZDV REVHUYHG IRU
67 VDSURWURSKLFIXQJLWKDWDUHDWWDFKHGWRDVSHFLÀFVXEVWUDWHUDWKHUWKDQWRDFRPPXQLW\ This is especially evident for saprotrophic fungi growing among mosses, and in particu- lar for fungi associated with Sphagnum mosses which occurred in all of the communi- ties. Similar correlations were also observed for parasitic fungi that, such as Lyophyllum palustreDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDVSHFLÀFKRVW Of non-forest peatland communities, the greatest mycological similarity is recorded be- tween Rhynchosporetum albae and Caricetum rostratae WKHVLPLODULW\FRHIÀFLHQW as well as Caricetum limosae and Caricetum lasiocarpae Erico-Sphagnetum medii and Rhynchosporetum albae ZHUHWKHOHDVWVLPLODUFRPPXQLWLHV $FRQVLGHUDEOH similarity of the biota of macroscopic fungi was observed for forest peatland communi- ties, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Five mycosociologico-ecological groups of macroscopic fungi species were distin- JXLVKHG)RXURIWKHVHJURXSVFRPSULVHVSHFLHVRIIXQJLWKDWDUHDWWDFKHGWRDVSHFLÀF SK\WRFRHQRVLVRUDJURXSRISK\WRFRHQRVHV7KHÀIWKJURXSFRQVLVWVRIVSHFLHVKDYLQJD broader ecological scale, recorded in the majority of the communities. $QDQDO\VLVRIWKHLQÁXHQFHRIHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVRQWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIPDFUR- scopic fungi in the peatland communities shows that: – the majority of environmental variables describing chemical properties, humidity and S+RIWKHVXEVWUDWHKDYHDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQW p LQÁXHQFHRQWKHGLYHUVLW\ of macromycete species in peatland communities in the study area; – periodic phytocoenosis drying has a high impact on fungal diversity. This is observed SULPDULO\LQWKHFRPPXQLWLHVWKDWRFFXS\XVXDOO\PRUHKXPLGKDELWDWV HJCarice- tum lasiocarpae and Sphagnetum magellanicum DVWKHGULHGRXWXSSHUVXUIDFHGRHV not encourage the development of fungi that prefer a greater moisture content of the substrate; – SHULRGLF ÁRRGLQJRI YHJHWDWLRQ SDWFKHV DIIHFWV WKH GLYHUVLW\ RI IXQJL DV VWDJQDWLQJ water inhibits the development of fungi, even of species that prefer substrates having a greater moisture content.
Acknowledgements. This study is a result of many years of work that would not have been possible without the intel- OHFWXDOVFLHQWLÀFDQGUHVHDUFKVXSSRUWRIP\FROOHDJXHVIULHQGVDQGDFDGHPLFLQVWLWXWLRQV,RZHGHHSJUDWLWXGHWR DOORIWKRVHZKRFRQWULEXWHGWRLWVÀQDOIRUP0\ÀUVWDQGVSHFLDOWKDQNVJRWR3URIGUKDE0DULDá$:5<12:,&= 8ááyGĩ P\WHDFKHUDQGPHQWRUIRUKHUFRQWLQXDOVXSSRUWDQGNLQGJHQHURVLW\LQPDNLQJVSHFLDOLVWOLWHUDWXUH available. Prof. dr hab. Janina -$612:6.$DQG3URIGUKDE5yīD.2&+$12:6.$ =876]F]HFLQ SURYLGHGPXFK appreciated suggestions for interesting study sites and shared their knowledge of peatlands with me. I am deeply grateful to Prof. dr. hab. Stefan FRIEDRICH =876]F]HFLQ WKHIRUPHUKHDGRIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\DQG Nature Conservation, University of Szczecin, and Dr hab. Agnieszka POPIELA 866]F]HFLQ IRUFUHDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV WKDWHQDEOHGPHWRIRFXVRQUHVHDUFKDQGZULWLQJ,YHU\PXFKDSSUHFLDWHWKHDVVLVWDQFHRI'U=RÀD627(. 86 6]F]HFLQ ZKRDGYLVHGPHRQSK\WRVRFLRORJLDOUHOHYpVDQG'UKDE(ZDFUDALI 83:URFâDZ DQG'UKDE,ZRQD 0(/26,. $083R]QDĕ ZKRGHWHUPLQHGVSKDJQDDQGRWKHUPRVVVSHFLHV7KDQNVDUHGXHWR'UKDE-y]HI0,7.$ 8-.UDNyZ IRUNLQGO\SHUIRUPLQJVWDWLVWLFDOFDOFXODWLRQVDQGJLYLQJPHDVVLVWDQFHZLWKWKHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH UHVXOWV0\DFNQRZOHGJHPHQWDOVRJRHVWR'UKDE/HVâDZ:2á(-.2 =876]F]HFLQ IRUYDOXDEOHFRQVXOWDWLRQVRQ peatland communities, Dr Hubert 3,Ð5.2:6., ,73)DOHQW\ IRUSURYLGLQJSHDWODQGGDWDP\FROOHDJXHVIURPWKH Department of Botany and Nature Conservation: Dr hab. Agnieszka POPIELA'U=RÀD627(.'U%RīHQDPRAJS and Teresa '=,(Ĕ.2:6.$ZKRDOVRKHOSHGPHGXULQJÀHOGDQGLQKRXVHVWXGLHVIRUWKHLUSHUFHSWLYHFRPPHQWV constructive criticism, and generous advice. I am indebted to Dr. Marek 0,&+$/6., and Mgr Jerzy PRAJS for some of the drawings in this study. Dr Joanna .$=,. 8ááyGĩ KHOSHGPHZLWKWKH(QJOLVK0\ZRUGVRIGHHSWKDQNV also go to the anonymous Reviewers for a thorough assessment of this study and an insightful critical response. 7KHVWXG\ZDVÀQDQFHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI6FLHQFHDQG+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQJUDQW1RV3& DQG11 2617 33, and the University of Szczecin as part of individual research grants.
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71 )/,6,Ĕ6.$=*U]\E\/XEHOV]F]\]Q\7 /XEHOVNLH7RZDU]\VWZR1DXNRZH:\GDZQLFWZR Å0RUSROµVF/XEOLQ )5(-/$.6 *U]\E\Z\īV]HNRWâD0RUVNLHJR2NDZ7DWUDFK$FWD0\FRO9, 1: 67-90. )5,('5,&+6 0LNRÁRUD3XV]F]\Goleniowskiej. Acta Mycol. 20, 2: 173-208. )5,('5,&+6 0DFURP\FHWHVQDWOH]HVSRâyZOHğQ\FK3XV]F]\Goleniowskiej. Acta Mycol. 21, 1: 43-76. )5,('5,&+6 1985/1987. Charakterystyka fenologiczno-ekologiczna macromycetes Puszczy Gole- niowskiej. Acta Mycol. 21, 2: 143-164. )5,('5,&+ 6 &KDUDNWHU\VW\ND VRFMRORJLF]QRHNRORJLF]QD PLNRÁRU\ ]ELRURZLVN OHğQ\FK &HG\ĕVNLHJR3DUNX.UDMREUD]RZHJR=HV]1DXNRZH$NDG5ROQLF]HMZ6]F]HFLQLH5R]SUDZ\ 161, 100 pp. )5,('5,&+6 0DFURP\FHWHVRIWKHSURSRVHGQDWXUHUHVHUYH:LOF]H8URF]\VNR²2OV]DQNDLQ the Odra estuary. Acta Mycol. 32, 2: 239-255. )5,('5,&+66HOHFWHG$VFRP\FRWDDQG%DVLGLRP\FRWDIURP&HG\QLD/DQGVFDSH3DUN 1: 3RODQG 3RO%RW-47, 2: 125-138. )5,('5,&+67KUHDWHQHGDQGSURWHFWHGPDFURP\FHWHVLQWKH:NU]DĕVND)RUHVW$FWD0\FRO 41, 2: 229-240. )5,('5,&+60HWRG\VWRVRZDQHZEDGDQLDFKJU]\EyZZLHONRRZRFQLNRZ\FK PDFURP\FHWHV In: : 0 8á(1.2 HG 0\NRORJLF]QHEDGDQLDWHUHQRZH3U]HZRGQLNPHWRG\F]Q\:\GDZQLFWZR 8QLZHUV\WHWX0DULL&XULH6NâRGRZVNLHM/XEOLQ FU, S.-Z., :$1*4% <$2<- 2006. An annotated checklist of Leccinum in China. Mycotaxon 96: 47-50. *,/(:6.$ 6 5]HĩED ,Q / 67$5.(/ HG *HRJUDÀD 3ROVNL ĞURGRZLVNR SU]\URGQLF]H :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1:DUV]DZD *26 . HERBICHOWA 0 6]DWD URğOLQQD Z\EUDQ\FK WRUIRZLVN PV]DUQ\FK SyâQRFQR ]DFKRGQLHMF]ċğFL3RMH]LHU]D.DV]XEVNLHJR=HV]1DXNRZH8QLZHUV\WHWX*GDĕVNLHJR%LRORJLD 9: 27-72. *8/'(1*2008. Galerina Earle. In: +.18'6(1 - 9(67(5+2/7 HGV Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 785-804. *80,Ĕ6.$% 0LNRÁRUDODVyZEXNRZ\FK5DEV]W\QDL0DFLHMRZHM VWXGLXPÁRU\VW\F]QRHNR- ORJLF]QH 0RQRJUDSKLDH%RWDQLFDH13: 3-85. *80,Ĕ6.$% 0LNRÁRUD3LHQLĕVNLHJR3DUNX1DURGRZHJR &]ċğý,9 =HV]1DXNRZH8QLZHU- V\WHWX-DJLHOORĕVNLHJR3UDFH%RW9: 67-81. *80,Ĕ6.$% )ORUD3ROVND*U]\E\ 0\FRWD 3RGVWDZF]DNL Basidiomycetes :RGQLFKR ZDWH Hygrophoraceae ,QVW\WXW%RWDQLNLLP:6]DIHUD3ROVND$NDGHPLD1DXN,QVW\WXW%RWDQLBotani- ki8QLZHUV\WHWX-DJLHOORĕVNLHJR.UDNyZSS7DEOHV *875<.25<&.$02006. Geneza i ewolucja den dolin rzecznych i sieci rzecznej. In: $5,&+/,1* .267$6=(:6.$ HGV *HRJUDÀDÀ]\F]QD3ROVNL:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1:DUV]DZD 151-154. *<26+(9$0 *$1(9$$ 2004. New and rare macromycetes and bryophytes from montane peat habitats in Bulgaria. Mycologia Balcanica 1: 9-13. +$16(1/ .18'6(1+ 2000. Nordic macromycetes. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. +(11,1*6 3 1891. Bericht über meine von 31. August bis zum 17. September 1890 ausgeführte .U\SWRJDPLVFKH)RUVFKXQJVUHLVHLP.UHLVH6FKZHW]%HULFKW:HVWSUHXVERW]RRO9HUHLQ]X 'DQ]LJ 1HXVWDGW:SU 6FKULIW1DWXUI*HV'DQ]LJ1)8, 1: 1-47. +(5%,&+J &,(&+$12:6.,0 HGV 3U]\URGDUH]HUZDWyZ.XU]H*U]ċG\L6WDQLV]HZVNLH %âRWRQD3RMH]LHU]X.DV]XEVNLP)XQGDFMD5R]ZRMX8QLZHUV\WHWX*GDĕVNLHJR*GDĕVN +(5%,&+- HERBICHOWA06]DWDURğOLQQDWRUIRZLVN3ROVNL,Q 3 , /1,&., HG 7RUIRZLVND LWRUI:\G$NDG5ROQLF]HMLP$&LHV]NRZVNLHJR3R]QDĕ HERBICHOWA0 =DQLNDQLHJDWXQNyZDWODQW\FNLFKWRUIRZLVN3REU]HīD.DV]XEVNLHJR3K\WR- coenosis 5, 3-4: 247-253.
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77 2&+<5$5Ī$512:,(&- %('1$5(.2&+<5$+ 2003. Census catalogue of Polish mosses. In: Z. 0,5(. HG %LRGLYHUVLW\RI3RODQG3 :6]DIHU,QVWLWXWHRI%RWDQ\3ROLVK$FDGHP\RI 6FLHQFHV.UDNyZ 2+(12-$ E. 1988. Effect of stand management procedures on fungal fruitbody production in Fin- land. Acta Bot. Fenn. 136: 81-84. 2+(12-$(2006. Armillaria ectypa, a vulnerable indicator of mires. Acta Mycol. 41, 2: 223-228. 2/(6,Ĕ6.,/ :2-(:2'$: 0DWHULDâ\GRÁRU\PDFURP\FHWHVSyâQRFQRZVFKRGQLHM Polski. Acta Mycol. 21, 2: 193-232. g567$',86/ .18'6(1+2008. Psathyrella )U 4XpO,Q +.18'6(1 - 9(67(5+2/7 HGV Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 586-632. 3$/0(5-7 7586=.2:6.$: $UHYLHZRIWKH3ROLVKSclerotiniaceae and some additional species. Investigation into the Sclerotiniaceae V. Acta Mycol. 5: 245-287. 3$50$672( HG 'LVWULEXWLRQ$WODVRI(VWRQLDQ)XQJL)DVF,QVWLWXWHRI=RRORJ\DQG Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu. 3$:/$&=<. 3 :2á(-.2 / -(50$&=(. $ 67$Ĕ.2 5 3RUDGQLN RFKURQ\ PRNUDGHâ :\GDZQLFWZR/XEXVNLHJR.OXEX3U]\URGQLNyZĞZLHERG]LQ 3$:á2:6.,3 =$5=<&.,. =HVSRâ\WRUIRZLVNRZH,Q : 6 =$)(5 .=$5=<&., HGV 6]DWDURğOLQQD3ROVNL7,3:1:DUV]DZD 3(5,1,&%21,1,,520$*12/,3$1721,1,' $1721,1,02002. Macrofungi and bryophytes RIPRQWDQHPLUHV 7XVFDQ\,WDO\ RUJDQLVPVZRUWK\RIFRQVHUYDWLRQ)HGGHV5HSHUWRULXP113, 1-2: 152-160. 3,/É7$ +RXE\þHVNRVORYHQVNDYHVYpPæLYRWQtPSURVWĝHGtþHVNRVORYHQVNp$FDGHPLH9Ɵ' Praha. 3,2752:6.$ + 7RUIRZLVND Z\VRNLH L SU]HMğFLRZH ,1: + 3,2752:6.$ HG 3U]\URGD 6âRZLĕVNLHJR3DUNX1DURGRZHJR%RJXFNL:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3R]QDĕ*GDĕVN 3586,1.,(:,&== %('1$5(.5 1999. Gleby. In: /67$5.(/ HG *HRJUDÀD3ROVNLĞURGRZLVNR SU]\URGQLF]H:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1:DUV]DZD 4,1*)=+$2- .25+21(1. 2007. A study on intersterility groups of Armillaria in China. Mycologia 99, 3: 430-441. 5('+($'6$ $ELRJHRJUDSKLFDORYHUYLHZRIWKH&DQDGLDQPXVKURRPÁRUD&DQ-%RW67: 3003-3062. 5('+($'6A. 1997. Macrofungi of British Columbia; requirements for inventory. Res. Br., B.C. 0LQ)RUDQG:LOGO%U%&0LQ(QYLURQ/DQGVDQG3DUNV9LFWRULD%&:RUN3DS28: 119. RINALDI, A.C., &20$1',1,2 .8<3(57K:(FWRP\FRUUKL]DOIXQJDOGLYHUVLW\ VHSDUDWLQJ the wheat from the chaff. Fungal Diversity 33: 1-45. 52%(576&&(6.$2.52(*(53 .(1'5<.%0DFURIXQJLIURPVL[KDELWDWVRYHUÀYH years in Clayquot Sound, Vancouver Island. Can. J. Bot. 82: 1518-1538. 5R]SRU]ĆG]HQLH0LQLVWUDĞURGRZLVND]GQLD OLSFDUZVSUDZLHJDWXQNyZG]LNRZ\VWċSXMĆF\FK JU]\EyZ REMċW\FK RFKURQĆ >5HJXODWLRQ RI WKH 0LQLVWHU RI WKH (QYLURQPHQW RQ VSHFLHV RI ZLOG growing fungi under protection]. Dz. U. Nr 168, poz. 1765. 58'$:6.$0 6WXGLDQDGF]\QQLNDPLUHJXOXMĆF\PLV\PELR]ċPLNRU\]RZĆVLHZHNVRVQ\,QVW\- WXW'HQGURORJLL3$1.yUQLN 58'1,&.$-(=,(56.$: 0LNRÁRUDXURF]\VN6WDQLVâDZyZL%LHODZ\0URJDNRâR*âRZQD0RQ- ographiae Botanicae 15: 373-393. 58'1,&.$-(=,(56.$: 0DWHULDâ\GRPLNRÁRU\7DWU]DĕVNLHJR3DUNX1DURGRZHJR$FWD0\- col. 1: 137-146. 58'1,&.$-(=,(56.$: )ORUD3ROVND*U]\E\ 0\FRWD 3RGVWDZF]DNL Basidiomycetes 3XUFKDZNRZH Lycoperdales 7ċJRVNyURZH Sclerodermatales 3DâHF]NRZH Tulostomatales *QLD]GQLFRZH Nidulariales 6URPRWQLNRZH Phallales 2VLDNRZH Podaxales ,QVW\WXW%RWDQLNL LP:6]DIHUD3ROVND$NDGHPLD1DXN.UDNyZSS7DEOHV
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Acta Mycol. 20, 1: 129-157. 6.,5*,(áá2, A., 08á(1.2: 6$'2:6.$% 1992. Fungi. In: -%)$/,Ĕ6., :08á(1.2 HGV &U\SWRJDPRXVSODQWVLQWKHIRUHVWFRPPXQLWLHVRI%LDâRZLHīD1DWLRQDO3DUN&KHFNOLVWRIFU\S- togamous and seminal plant species recorded during the period 1987-1991 on the permanent plot 9 Project CRYPTO 3K\WRFRHQRVLV 16 $UFKLYXP*HRERWDQLFXP3: 23-43. 60,7+$+1947. North American species of Mycena. University of Michigan Press, Ann. Arbor. MI, 1-521. 60,7+$+ 1972. The North American species of Psathyrella. Mem. of the New York Bot. Gard. 24, 1-633. 60,7+$+ +(6/(5/5 1968. The North American species of Pholiota. Hafner Publishing Co., 1HZ 79 6=$)(5:1977. SzataURğOLQQD3ROVNL1LīRZHM,Q : 6 =$)(5 . =$5=<&., HGV 6]DWDURğOLQQD 3ROVNL7,,3:1:DUV]DZD Ğ/86$5&=<. 7 *U]\E\ ZLHONRRZRFQLNRZH UH]HUZDWX WRUIRZLVNRZHJR Å3QLRZVNL áXJµ 3U]HJOĆG3U]\URGQLF]\15, 1-2: 19-27. Ğ/86$5&=<.7*U]\E\ZLHONRRZRFQLNRZHUH]HUZDWXWRUIRZLVNRZHJRÅ5\ERMDG\µ3U]HJOĆG Przyrodniczy 18, 3-4: 71-90. 7(5%5$$.&-) 1986. 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'RQDMXERīV]\FKZJU]\E\ÀWRFHQR]WRUIRZLVNRZ\FKQDOHīĆRhynchosporetum albae JDWXQNyZ L Caricetum rostratae DGRQDMERJDWV]\PLZJU]\E\îVaccinio uligino- si-Pinetum i Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum RGSRZLHGQLR L $SSHQGL[ 7DE $ 6WZLHUG]RQR īH OLF]ED JDWXQNyZ JU]\EyZ PDNURVNRSRZ\FK RGQRWRZDQ\FK ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK]ELRURZLVNDFKWRUIRZLVNRZ\FKMHVWUyīQDLQLH]DOHī\RGOLF]E\RE- VHUZDFMLRUD]RGOLF]E\LâĆF]QHJRDUHDâXVWDâ\FKSRZLHU]FKQLOHF]RGW\SX]ELRURZLVND =EDGDQH]ELRURZLVNDWRUIRZLVNRZHUyīQLĆVLċPLċG]\VREĆVNâDGHPJDWXQNRZ\PJU]\- EyZ:ğUyGRGQRWRZDQ\FKWDNVRQyZ JDWXQNL VWDQRZLĆJU]\E\NWyUHZ\VWċ- SRZDâ\W\ONRZMHGQ\P]EDGDQ\FK]ELRURZLVNSU]\F]\PVWZLHUG]RQH]RVWDâ\MHG\QLH 84 ZF]WHUHFK]G]LHVLċFLXÀWRFHQR]:Caricetum limosae i Erico-Sphagnetum medii odno- towano odpowiednio 2 LJDWXQNyZQDWRPLDVWZVaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum i Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum – odpowiednio 27 i 48. Na podstawie dotychczasowych obseracji WUXGQR MHVW MHGQDN ZVND]Dý JDWXQNL NWyUH PRīQD E\ X]QDý ]D FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QH OXE Z\UyīQLDMĆFHGDQ\]HVSyâZ]QDF]HQLXÀWRVRFMRORJLF]Q\P, SRQLHZDīQLHVSHâQLDMĆRQH MHGQHJR]SRGVWDZRZ\FKZDUXQNyZMDNLPGODJDWXQNyZFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\FKMHVWZLHU- QRğý 8G]LDâELRHNRORJLF]Q\FKJUXSJU]\EyZZ]ELRURZLVNDFKWRUIRZLVNRZ\FKMHVW]UyīQLFR- ZDQ\ )LJ$% :HZV]\VWNLFK]ELRURZLVNDFKGRPLQXMĆJU]\E\VDSURWURÀF]QHNWyUH VWDQRZLĆRG JDWXQNyZ ZCaricetum limosaeGRZRhynchosporetum al- bae LCaricetum rostratae âĆF]QHMOLF]E\JDWXQNyZJU]\EyZRGQRWRZDQ\FKZW\FK ÀWRFHQR]DFK=QDF]Q\WHīMHVWXG]LDâJU]\EyZPLNRU\]RZ\FK²RG JDWXQNL Z Rhynchosporetum albaeGR Z]ELRURZLVNXEriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallaxL ZErico-Sphagnetum mediiQDWRPLDVWXG]LDâJDWXQNyZSDVRī\WQLF]\FK ZDKDVLċRG JDWXQNL ZErico-Sphagnetum mediiGR ZCaricetum limosae. :Z\UyīQLRQ\FKJUXSDFKELRHNRORJLF]Q\FKQDMEDUG]LHM]UyīQLFRZDQ\MHVWXG]LDâJU]\- EyZVDSURWURÀF]Q\FK )LJ$% *U]\E\EULRÀOQHSURFHQWRZRGRPLQXMĆZRhynchos- poretum albae LCaricetum rostratae QDGJU]\EDPLURVQĆF\PLQDPFKDFK w Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum L Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum *U]\E\ QDGU]HZQHREVHUZRZDQRW\ONRZSLċFLX]G]LHVLċFLXEDGDQ\FK]ELRURZLVNSU]\F]\P XG]LDâOLF]ERZ\LSURFHQWRZ\WHMJUXS\JU]\EyZMHVW]QDF]ĆF\W\ONRZÀWRFHQR]DFKOHğ nych – Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum JDWXQNyZ LVaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum *U]\E\VDSURWURÀF]QHURVQĆFHQDWRUÀHVWDQRZLĆQLH]E\WOLF]QĆJUXSċOXE MHVWLFKEUDN Z Rhynchosporetum albae i Caricetum rostratae JG\ī]UHJXâ\SUDZLHFDâH SRZLHU]FKQLHSâDWyZ]DMPXMĆWRUIRZFH 6SRğUyG Z\UyīQLRQ\FK ELRHNRORJLF]Q\FK JUXS JU]\EyZ Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR EDGDQ\FK ]ELRURZLVN WRUIRZLVNRZ\FK VLOQH SRZLĆ]DQLD ] ÀWRFHQR]DPL OHğQ\PL Z\ND]XMĆ JU]\E\ PLNRU\]RZH=QDF]QLHVâDEV]HSRZLĆ]DQLD]RNUHğORQ\P]ELRURZLVNLHPURğOLQQ\PZ\- ND]XMĆ JU]\E\ VDSURWURÀF]QH NWyUH SU]\ZLĆ]DQH VĆ EDUG]LHM GR RNUHğORQHJR SRGâRīD QLī GR ]ELRURZLVND 1DMZ\UDĩQLHM ]D]QDF]D VLċ WR Z SU]\SDGNX JU]\EyZ VDSURWURÀF]- Q\FKURVQĆF\FKZğUyGPFKyZD]ZâDV]F]DGRW\F]\WRJU]\EyZ]ZLĆ]DQ\FK]WRUIRZFDPL NWyUH Z\VWċSRZDâ\ ZH ZV]\VWNLFK EDGDQ\FK ]ELRURZLVNDFK 3RGREQH SRZLĆ]DQLD MDN ZSU]\SDGNXJU]\EyZVDSURWURÀF]QF\KREVHUZRZDQRWDNīHZğUyGJU]\EyZSDVRī\WQL- F]\FKNWyUH MDNQSLyophyllum palustre ]ZLĆ]DQHVĆ]RNUHğORQ\Pī\ZLFLHOHP 6SRğUyGEDGDQ\FKÀWRFHQR]WRUIRZLVNRZ\FKQLHOHğQ\FKQDMEDUG]LHM]EOLīRQHGRVLHELH SRGZ]JOċGHPPLNRORJLF]Q\PVĆRhynchosporetum albae i Caricetum rostratae ZVSyâ- F]\QQLN SRGRELHĕVWZD Z\QRVL RUD] Caricetum limosae i Caricetum lasiocarpae QDMPQLHM]Dğ²Erico-Sphagnetum medii i Rhynchosporetum albae =QDF]- QHSRGRELHĕVWZRELRW\JU]\EyZPDNURVNRSRZ\FKZ\ND]XMĆ]ELRURZLVNDWRUIRZLVNRZH OHğQH²Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum i Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum :\UyīQLRQRSLċýJUXSPLNRVRFMRORJLF]QRHNRORJLF]Q\FKJDWXQNyZJU]\EyZPDNURVNR- SRZ\FK )LJ$% 7DE grupa I Galerina sphagnorum – obejmuje taksony prefe- UXMĆFHVLHGOLVNDVLOQLHXZRGQLRQHRNUHVRZRSRGWDSLDQH]ZLĆ]DQHJâyZQLH]H]ELRUR- ZLVNDPLWRUIRZLVNRZ\PLQLHOHğQ\PLPLQ Caricetum limosae, C. rostratae, Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Rhynchosporetum albae; grupa II Hypholoma elongatum ²VNXSLDJDWXQNLJU]\EyZZ\VWċSXMĆFHQDVLHGOLVNDFKVLOQLHXZRGQLRQ\FK]ZLĆ]DQHJâyZ- QLH]H]ELRURZLVNDPLWRUIRZLVNRZ\PLQLHOHğQ\PLPLQCaricetum limosae, C. rostratae, 85 Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Sphagnetum magel- lanici, zbiorowisko Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax,; grupa III Lactarius tabidus ²REHMPXMHJDWXQNLSUHIHUXMĆFHVLHGOLVNDVâDERXZRGQLRQHZ\VWċSXMĆFHSU]HGHZV]\VW- NLPZSâDWDFKVaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum; grupa IV Russula emetica – skupia gatun- NLJU]\EyZZ\VWċSXMĆFHQDVLHGOLVNDFKVâDERXZRGQLRQ\FKJâyZQLHZSâDWDFKVaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum; grupa V Lactarius helvus²REHMPXMHJDWXQNLJU]\EyZRV]HURNLHMVNDOL HNRORJLF]QHMZ\VWċSXMĆFHZ]ELRURZLVNDFKWRUIRZLVNRZ\FKQLHOHğQ\FKLOHğQ\FK $QDOL]XMĆFZSâ\ZF]\QQLNyZğURGRZLVNDQDZ\VWċSRZDQLHJU]\EyZPDNURVNRSRZ\FKZ EDGDQ\FK]ELRURZLVNDFKWRUIRZLVNRZ\FKVWZLHUG]RQRīH – ZLċNV]Rğý UR]SDWU\ZDQ\FK ]PLHQQ\FK ğURGRZLVNRZ\FK GRW\F]ĆF\FK ZâDğFLZRğFL FKHPLF]Q\FKZLOJRWQRğFLLZDUWRğFLRGF]\QXSRGâRīDZ\ND]XMHVWDW\VW\F]QLHLVWRWQ\ p ZSâ\ZQDUyīQRURGQRğýJDWXQNRZĆJU]\EyZPDNURVNRSRZ\FKZEDGDQ\FK zbiorowiskach torfowiskowych; – GXī\ZSâ\ZQDUyīQRURGQRğýJU]\EyZPDRNUHVRZHSRGVXV]HQLHSâDWyZ]ELRURZLVN np. Caricetum lasiocarpae i Sphagnetum magellanicum,]DMPXMĆF\FK]UHJXâ\ZLOJRW- QLHMV]HVLHGOLVNDSRQLHZDīSU]HVXV]RQDJyUQDZDUVWZDSRGâRīDQLHVSU]\MDUR]ZRMRZL JU]\EyZSUHIHUXMĆF\FKZLċNV]HXZLOJRWQLHQLHSRGâRīD – QDUyīQRURGQRğýJU]\EyZZSâ\ZDRNUHVRZHSRGWRSLHQLHSâDWyZURğOLQQRğFLSRQLH- ZDīVWDJQXMĆFDZRGDKDPXMHUR]ZyMJU]\EyZQDZHWJDWXQNyZSUHIHUXMĆF\FKZLċNV]H XZLOJRWQLHQLHSRGâRīD : SUDF\ SU]HGVWDZLRQR FKDUDNWHU\VW\Nċ HNRORJLF]QRJHRJUDÀF]QĆ JDWXQNyZ JU]\- EyZWRUIRZLVNRZ\FKGODNWyU\FKVSRU]ĆG]RQRPDS\NDUWRJUDPRZHLFKUR]PLHV]F]HQLD QD 3RPRU]X $SSHQGL[ =H Z]JOċGX QD UR]SR]QDQLH PLNRORJLF]QH GRW\F]ĆFH F]ċ- ğFLWRUIRZLVNZ\VRNLFKLSU]HMğFLRZ\FKWHJRUHJLRQXGDMĆRQHZVWċSQĆRULHQWDFMċRUR]- PLHV]F]HQLX JU]\EyZ WRUIRZLVNRZ\FK QD 3RPRU]X L PRJĆ VWDQRZLý SXQNW Z\MğFLD GR GDOV]\FKEDGDĕ Dr. 0DâJRU]DWD6WDVLĕVND Department of Botany and Nature Conservation University of Szczecin )HOF]DNDF 3/6]F]HFLQ e-mail: [email protected] 86 Appendix 1 Vegetation and macroscopic fungi at the research plots 87 t s I c y a o n n C V .II .I ĞF ĞF 1.1 1.1 V . 1.1 2.2 V . . 1.1 II .. ....II 2.2 .....I . 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 . 1.1 . IV Ch SD Ka B ZSD Ka 1.1 1.1 Ch2 SD3 Ka9 B8 Z6 Ka5 SD4 ...1.1.....I ĞF 1.1 1.1 3.3 4.4 4.4 . 1.1 3.3 2.2 V ĞFD Table A.1.1 Table . .. 1.1 1.1 Caricetum limosae ...... 1.1 ...... 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.2 ..1.1...1.1.. .2.2..1.1...... II 1.1 ...... 1.1...... 12345678910111213 555-----55--- B Ch Ka 6070 70 70 85 60 70 60 50 60 60 60 50 90 80 90 80 80 85 80 80 80 50 70 80 60 1.1 2.2 2.2 4.4 2.2 2.2 3.3 1.1 3.3 1.1 4.4 3.3 2.2 2.2 V 1.1 4.4 3.3 3.3 4.4 3.3 3.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 3.3 4.4 1.1 4.4 V 1.1 1.1 . 100 70 100 100 100 80 60 50 60 100 60 70 180 d d 1.1 1.2 . . 1.1 . . . 1.2 1.1 . . 2.2 III d 1.1 3.3 d d... d. rpoai lns5535433555344 plants cryptogamic 2 Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Rhynchosporion albae, Scheuchzerietalia Caricetum limosae :DUQVWRUÀDÁXLWDQV Rhynchospora alba Eriophorum vaginatum Menyanthes trifoliata Andromeda polifolia Aulacomnium palustre Aulacomnium Eriophorum angustifolium Comarum palustre Straminergon stramineum Sphagnum papillosum Oxycoccus palustris including: vascular plants 898778107887810 plants vascular including: Drosera rotundifolia Sphagnum magellanicum Scheuchzeria palustris Carex limosa palustris Sphagnum cuspidatum 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU&RYHURIKHUEOD\HU&RYHURIPRVVOD\HU E F G Successive number /RFDOLWLHV Plot number B2a B7 Ch1 Ka1 Day 27203120223115282001281519 3ORWDUHD P Total number of species in a relevéTotal 13 14 11 12 11 11 13 12 13 13 10 12 14 Ch. Accompanying species Accompanying Month 05060707060706070607070606 Ch. Year 2003 2000 2001 2003 2002 2001 2004 2001 2000 1999 2001 2004 2001 Ch. Ch. 88 t s I c y a o n n C II II V r-n . III ĞF 9 ĞF r-n ..II 7 r-n ...II 8 r-a ... 1.1 . 11 r-a ...... II 10 r ...... r-n 7 r-n 6 r-n . Ch SD Ka B Z Ka SD 10 Ch2 SD3 Ka9 B8 Z6 Ka5 SD4 r ...... I 998887776 8 ĞF ĞFD Caricetum limosae Table A.2.1 Table r ...... 1.1 ....1 ...... II ...... II ...... II n-a 7 Fungi in Fungi r r r-n r-n r-n ...... I ...... I ...... I 3 1 3 3 9 r r r r r r r-n r-n ...... I 2 2 2 1 1 3 7 r r r r ...... 1.1.1.1..1.11.11.11.2III ... r-n r-n r-n r-n ...... 3 .1 12345678910111213 3 3 7 9 6 d...1.2...2.2..1.1..II d 4.4 3.3 4.4 3.3 4.4 4.4 5.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.3 V 5 b 6 2 b 1.1 1.1 1.1 . . . 100 70 100 100 100 80 60 50 60 100 60 70 180 2 BBChKa Laccaria proxima Suillus variegatus Lactarius tabidus Clavaria fragilis Lactarius glyciosmus Sphagnum fallax Galerina paludosa Cortinarius huronensis Lactarius helvus Russula emetica Paxillus involutus Paxillus Phragmites australis Carex rostrata Sphagnum denticulatum /\VLPDFKLDWK\UVLÁRUD Pinus sylvestris Betula pubescens Ledum palustre 3ORWDUHD P /RFDOLWLHV 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Number of observations number of speciesTotal 23 14 18 21 18 24 15 21 11 21 25 10 14 14 10 25 15 Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat c. . Plot number B2a B7 Ch1 Ka1 Successive number b) among mosses Abbreviations: see Table 1 in text Abbreviations: see Table 89 t s c y a o n n C V V V V V n-a n r-n r-n r-n .IV .II .II 5 5 3 10 Table A.2.1 cont. Table r r n-a n . r-n r-n .5 . . III 4 3 Cz Ka 5 12 Cz13 Ka11 r r r-n r-n r-n r-n .7 4 7 4 6 8 Ī%â Ī%â r-a r r r-n r-n .. n-a 3 2 6 4 7 10 r a a n-a n r-n r-n ..1 3 6 6 4 12 r r r r-n r-n .4 ...... I n-a 3 3 4 3 7 r r r r n-a r-n r-n .1 ...... III ...... I 5 4 4 4 6 11 LWERGLHV RWKHUDEEUHYLDWLRQVVHH7DEOH r r r r r n-a r-a r-n ...... 2 .1 5 1 3 4 3 8 11 r-a r r r r .. . r-n r-n r-n .1 3 4 3 5 5 7 9 13 Table A.1.2 Table r r r r r-n n r-n r-n r-n ...... I ...... I . . 5 6 5 7 9 12 Rhynchosporetum albae r r r r r r r r-a r-n r-n .2 .5 ...... 5 ...... I 5 3 1 7 5 8 r r r r r r r-n r-n r-n r-n .3 .2 3 2 4 4 1 5 5 4 2 r r r r r . r-n r-n r-n r-n r-n .2 ..1 ...3 ..1 12345678910111213 5 2 2 7 3 6080 60 80 50 40 50 60 70 80 55 80 55 65 60 40 55 60 60 60 60 80 60 40 60 60 8 7 8 6 8 150 100 100 100 100 100 120 50 100 40 60 40 50 RM JCM ZB ZB SD JCM RM B RM Z DDEXQGDQWQQXPHURXVU²UDUH [²SHUHQQLDOIUX et al. epipterygia AHN J var. 2 rpoai lns6357536454445 plants cryptogamic Rhynchosporetum albae including: vascular plants 871111855759688 plants vascular including: $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD Mycena galopus Collybia cirrata Gymnopus androsaceus Lyophyllum palustre Lyophyllum Mycena epipterygia Monilinia oxycocci Hypholoma elongatum Hypholoma udum Galerina sphagnorum Arrhenia gerardiana Galerina tibiicystis Anthracoidea limosa Galerina calyptrata 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD Successive number &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU&RYHURIPRVVOD\HU F G Day 27230909152327202728301928 /RFDOLWLHV Plot number RM1 JCM3 ZB7 ZB8 SD12 JCM2 RM2 B10 RM3 Z12 Total number of species in a relevéTotal 14 10 16 18 13 8 11 11 10 13 10 12 13 3ORWDUHD P Month 05070707060705060507050607 Year 2003 2001 2004 2004 2004 2001 2003 2000 2003 2001 2001 2001 2001 c) on litter Parasitic fungi Parasitic Ch. 'HJUHHRIDEXQGDQFH 90 I II V II III III .I .I . . 1.1 III ..I . 1.2 .. . 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 V ....III ....II ....I ....II . . . 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 V . 1.1 1.1 3.3 3.3 1.1 V ...... I ...... I 1.1 . 1.1 . ...... II ...... II ...... II 1.2 . . . 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 IV ...... II ...... I ...... I ...... I .... 1.1 . . 1.1 . . . 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 ...... 1.1.1.1....II .....1.1. . ...... 1.1...... 1.1...... 4.4 4.4 3.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.3 3.3 4.4 V 1.1 1.1.1.12.2...... II 1.1 1.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 c c 1.1 d.... d . 1.2 . 1.1 d d 1.1 . 1.1 d 4.4 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 1.1 3.3 2.2 2.2 3.3 4.4 2.2 3.3 V d d1.1..... d... d 1.1 4.4 2.2 3.3 2.2 4.4 2.2 2.2 3.3 . . 1.1 d...... d...... d d . . 1.1 Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Rhynchosporion albae, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Aulacomnium palustre Aulacomnium Sphagnum magellanicum Sphagnum fuscum Sphagnum palustre Betula pubescens Sphagnum fallax Pinus sylvestris 6SKDJQXPÀPEULDWXP Polytrichum commune Polytrichum Sphagnum squarrosum Rhynchospora alba Sphagnum cuspidatum Straminergon stramineum Sphagnum teres :DUQVWRUÀDÁXLWDQV :DUQVWRUÀDH[DQQXODWD Carex rostrata Calluna vulgaris Drosera rotundifolia Agrostis canina Molinia caerulea Carex limosa Comarum palustre Andromeda polifolia Scheuchzerietalia palustris Drosera intermedia Carex canescens Oxycoccus palustris Scheuchzeria palustris Carex lasiocarpa Eriophorum angustifolium Menyanthes trifoliata Ch. Ch. Accompanying species Accompanying Ch. Abbreviations: see Table 1 in text Abbreviations: see Table 91 t s c y a o n n C V V V V V r r n r-n r-n .V 2 1 5 6 3 r n n r-n r-n n-a 3 7 6 Cz Ka 4 7 4 Cz13 Ka11 r r n-a n r-n ...IV n-a 5 5 6 9 Ī%â 10 Ī%â n r n-a n n n 1 7 5 2 12 10 .4 r r r r-n r-n -n r-n 7 3 5 6 6 10 14 r r-n n n r-n n-a n-a 2 6 5 12 9 7 5 r-a r r r r-n r-n r-n ...... II ...... I 9 4 6 6 7 15 12 r-a r r r r-n . r-n r-n r-n ...... II 4 8 9 5 7 13 14 r r r r r-n r-a r-n r-n .2 7 3 5 9 5 6 12 r-a r r r r-n Table A.2.2 Table r-a r-n r-n .3 .. 6 6 5 9 7 Rhynchosporetum albae 15 15 r-a r r r r-n r-n r-n r-n r-n .2 ...... I 7 5 5 7 13 11 13 Fungi in Fungi r-a r-a r r r r-n r-n r-n r-n .1 ...... I 998877776665 4 3 2 6 6 12 15 10 r-a r r r r r r-n r-n r-n r-n .9 ..2 12345678910111213 2 5 4 2 4 5 6 13 10 11 150 100 100 100 100 100 120 50 100 40 60 40 50 2 RM JCM ZB ZB SDJCM RM B RM Z ZB ZB RM JCM Arrhenia gerardiana Galerina sphagnorum Hypholoma elongatum Hypholoma udum Galerina tibiicystis Mycena galopus Lactarius helvus Lactarius tabidus Galerina paludosa Gymnopus androsaceus Lyophyllum palustre Lyophyllum Cortinarius huronensis Successive number b) on litter Plot number RM1 JCM3 ZB7 ZB8 SD12 JCM2 RM2 B10 RM3 Z12 /RFDOLWLHV 3ORWDUHD P Saprotrophic fungi a) among mosses Parasitic fungi Parasitic Number of observations 26 23 24 24 25 23 26 14 26 14 14 15 10 Total number of speciesTotal 10 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 1 and Table Abbreviations see Table 92 t I s c y a o n n C II ..II ..I ĞF Ī%â ĞF Ī%â . 1.1 . II 1.1 2.2 . IV .. BKa B16 Ka15 . . . 1.1 . II .....II ĪXU ĪXU 3.3.....II Nw ZB Nw1 ZB9 2.2 ĪXU ĪXU ...... 1.1.....I ...... 1.1.....I 1.1 . Table A.1.3 Table ...... 2.2...1.1.....II Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi ...... I ...... I . 2.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 3.2 V . . 1.1 ...... 1.1..... 12345678910111213 5155------5-55 8570 70 40 60 70 60 70 50 70 60 90 40 90 60 100 40 90 80 70 85 100 70 70 85 70 Ka K SD ZB Nw 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.4 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.3 4.4 V 2.2 . 2.2...... 400 70 400 400 400 300 400 400 300 70 100 50 80 d . 3.3 4.4 3.3 4.4 5.5 5.5 4.4 5.5 3.3 5.5 4.4 3.3 V d . . 1.1 d . . d... d... 2 cytgmcpat 2239212914533 plants cryptogamic Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Rhynchosporion albae, Scheuchzerietalia Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi . Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Eriophorum angustifolium Drosera rotundifolia including: vascular plants 16812666587871114 plants vascular including: Oxycoccus palustris Hydrocotyle vulgaris Carex nigra palustris Rhynchospora alba Carex lasiocarpa Carex limosa :DUQVWRUÀDH[DQQXODWD Sphagnum fallax Sphagnum cuspidatum Straminergon stramineum Sphagnum teres Menyanthes trifoliata Comarum palustre Carex canescens Agrostis canina D. Plot number Ka8 K18 SD13 ZB10 Nw2 Year 2001 2001 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2000 2002 2002 2001 Ch. /RFDOLWLHV Month 07070607060606070606070905 Total number of species in a relevéTotal 18 10 15 15 8 7 7 17 8 12 12 14 17 Day 05241509262026092020241430 3ORWDUHD P Ch. Successive number 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU&RYHURIKHUEOD\HU&RYHURIPRVVOD\HU E F G Ch 93 I I II IV .I .I Table A.1.3 cont. Table ..I ..I ..I 1.1 1.2 II . . . 2.2 II ....III .....I .....II ...... 1.2 1.2 . . ...... I . . . 1.2 . 1.1 . . ...... I .1.1...... 1.2..1.2II ...... I ...... I ...... I ...... 1.2I ...... 2.1...... 1.1 ...... 1.2 ...... 1.2I ...... 1.2I .1.2...... 1.1...... I 1.1...... 1.1 1.1 1.1 . 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.2 . IV c. . c. b b d ...... 1.1 d d ...... 1.12.3.1.2II d d...... d...1.1... d 4.4...... I d b1.1...... I c. b d...1.1...2.2.....I d...2.2...1.1.....I d . 2.2 . 1.1 . . . 1.2 . 2.2 . 1.2 3.3 III d1.2...... sp. b sp. Vaccinio-Piceetea Molinia caerulea Peucedanum palustre Peucedanum Salix Erica tetralix Polytrichum commune Polytrichum Thelypteris palustris /\VLPDFKLDWK\UVLÁRUD Phragmites australis Juncus effusus Calluna vulgaris Sphagnum subnitens Sphagnum denticulatum Betula pendula Alnus glutinosa Eriophorum vaginatum Salix cinerea Polytrichum strictum Polytrichum Aulacomnium palustre Aulacomnium Sphagnum papillosum Pinus sylvestris Betula pubescens Carex rostrata Sphagnum palustre 6SKDJQXPÁH[XRVXPSphagnum squarrosum Vaccinium uliginosum Vaccinium Andromeda polifolia Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium Ledum palustre Ch. Accompanying species Accompanying Abbreviations: see Table 1 Abbreviations: see Table 94 t s c y a o n n C V V V V IV r r n n r-n .IV .I 9 5 6 4 r n r-n r-n r-n . . III n-a 4 ĞF Ī%â 6 6 ĞF Ī%â n n r-n r-n ...II .2 ..3 3 4 5 3 r r n r-n r-n r-n r-n ..3 BKa 5 8 3 4 B16 Ka15 3 r r-a r-a r-a r-a r-n .1 2 5 7 5 ĪXU 12 12 ĪXU r r-n r-n r-a r-a r-a r-n ...... II 998776 6 9 5 8 12 14 r r r r r-n . r-n 2 5 11 3 Nw ZB 15 Nw1 ZB9 6 r-a r-a r r r-a r-a ...... II . 4 1 5 8 ĪXU 13 13 ĪXU r r r-n r-n r-n r-n ...3 .....1 1 9 3 7 8 Table A.2.3 Table r-a r r r-n r-a r-n . r-n ...... II ...... I ...... I ...... I ...... 3 I n-a 6 4 8 4 7 6 13 12 r r. r r r r r r r-n r-n . r-n r-n r-n ...... I ...... I ...... I ...... I ...... I ..1 5 3 1 3 Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi 5 4 13 r r r r r r r-n n n. r-n r-n r-n .5 .4 .4 .11 n-a n-a 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 5 9 Fungi in Fungi 10 r r r r r r r r r n n r-n r-n r-n r-n .7 .2 .1 .. ..2 .2 12345678910111213 2 1 2 1 4 6 1 6 6 2 7 7 8 8 adonis 3 var. 400 70 400 400 400 300 400 400 300 70 100 50 80 2 Ka K SD ZB Nw Laccaria proxima Hypholoma elongatum Hypholoma udum Galerina sphagnorum Galerina tibiicystis Entoloma sericatum Arrhenia gerardiana Galerina calyptrata Galerina paludosa Lactarius helvus Mycena adonis Cortinarius huronensis Lactarius tabidus Lactarius glyciosmus Cortinarius fulvescens $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD Russula emetica Clavaria fragilis Hygrocybe coccineocrenata Entoloma cetratum Thelephora terrestris 3ORWDUHD P /RFDOLWLHV Successive number Plot number Ka8 K18 SD13 ZB10 Nw2 b) among mosses Number of observations 24 16 25 24 26 24 26 24 24 14 10 16 14 Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Total number of speciesTotal 22 21 18 11 11 11 10 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL 95 V n-a 9 Table A.2.3 cont. Table n-a ..IV ..I 12 r r r-n 8 n-a .1 ....IV 10 r-a r r 5 14 r r-n .2 ...... III ...1 3 13 r-a r r r ...... II 4 4 2 16 r-a r r r r . 7 4 2 2 14 r r-n . r-n r-n r-n 3 5 13 r-a r r .4 .3 ...... I ...... I 4 2 16 r r r r r-n 2 2 3 2 13 r-a r r. r. r-n r-n ... n-a 1 1 4 5 3 11 r r r r r r r-n .1 3 7 1 4 2 1 11 epipterygia var. 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD Mycena galopus Mycena epipterygia Gymnopus androsaceus Mycena sanguinolenta Collybia cirrata Lyophyllum palustre Lyophyllum Marasmius epiphyllus c) on litter Parasitic fungi Parasitic Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 1 and Table Abbreviations see Table 96 Table A.1.4 Caricetum lasiocarpae Successive number 1 234567891011 Plot number Ka3a Ka3 TT13 SD2 ZB1 TT12 ZB2 SD1 ZB2a Z1 Ka2 /RFDOLWLHV Ka Ka TT SD ZB TT ZB SD ZB Z Ka C Day 2805091509090915090124 o Month 0707070607070706070707 n Year 2001 2001 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 1999 2002 s 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E 520------t &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 70 90 70 70 60 60 60 80 70 90 90 a &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 70 100 90 70 50 90 70 60 80 70 100 n 3ORWDUHD P2 150 100 100 50 100 90 100 60 100 70 50 c Total number of species 18 17 16 17 17 14 15 18 13 14 16 y in a relevé including: vascular plants 12 11 11 13 9 8 9 14 10 11 13 cryptogamic plants66548664333 Ch. Caricetum lasiocarpae Carex lasiocarpa 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.5 4.4 V Sphagnum obtusum d2.23.3...... I Ch. Caricion lasiocarpae Comarum palustre 2.2 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 V Menyanthes trifoliata 2.2 1.1 1.1 . . . 2.2 1.1 2.2 IV Sphagnum teres d .. . . 1.1 2.2 2.2 . . . . II Carex diandra ...... .I Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Sphagnum cuspidatum d 3.3 3.3 1.1 3.3 . . 3.3 1.1 3.3 V Eriophorum angustifolium . . 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 V Straminergon stramineum d. . . .IV Agrostis canina 2.2 3.3 . 1.1 1.1 . . .. III :DUQVWRUÀDÁXLWDQV d .. 1.1 . . . III Carex canescens ... ..1.1...II Carex limosa ...... . . 1.1 I Hydrocotyle vulgaris ...... 1.1 .I Triglochin palustre .. ..1.1.....I Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Oxycoccus palustris 1.1 2.2.....2.21.11.1III Aulacomnium palustre d 1.12.2 . . 1.1 . . .. III Drosera rotundifolia .... . ..II Sphagnum magellanicum d . . . . 1.1 . ....I Sphagnum papillosum d 1.1 ...... I Polytrichum strictum d ...... I Accompanying species Sphagnum fallax d 1.1 . 4.4 3.3 3.3 4.4 3.3 2.2 4.4 4.4 3.3 V Carex rostrata 1.1 . 1.2 1.1 . 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 2.2 IV Betula pubescens b 1.1 ...... I c . ...IV /\VLPDFKLDWK\UVLÁRUD . 1.1 . ...III Peucedanum palustre .... . 1.1 III Lysimachia vulgaris ..1.1 . . . . III Salix sp. c . . .. ...II Molinia caerulea ....1.1....II Galium palustre . ...... II Pinus sylvestris b 1.1...... I c ... . ....II Calla palustris . . . 1.1 . . . 1.2 . . . I 97 Table A.1.4 cont. 6SKDJQXPÀPEULDWXP d ....1.1.2.2....I Sphagnum subnitens d..2.2..1.1.....I Carex paniculata ... ... ...I Phragmites australis ..... . ...I Betula pendula b.2.2...... I Sphagnum denticulatum d .1.1...... I 6SKDJQXPÁH[XRVXP d.....1.1.....I Calamagrostis canescens . ...... I Thelypteris palustris ...... I Abbreviations: see Table 1 Table A.2.4 Fungi in Caricetum lasiocarpae Successive number 1234567891011C Plot number Ka3a Ka3 TT13 SD2 ZB1 TT12 ZB2 SD1 ZB2a Z1 Ka2 o n /RFDOLWLHV Ka Ka TT SD ZB TT ZB SD ZB Z Ka s t 3ORWDUHD P2 200 100 100 50 100 90 100 60 100 70 50 a n Number of observations 24 10 26 25 24 26 24 25 24 14 10 c y Total number of species 20 19 12 11 11 10 99975 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Laccaria proxima 7r-a 5r-a 4r-n 2r .2r 3r 2r ...IV Lactarius helvus 6r-n 3r 2r 1r 2r 5r .....III Leccinum niveum 4r 1r 1r ...... II Cortinarius huronensis 6r 3r-n ...... I Lactarius tabidus 6r-n .1r ...... I Paxillus involutus 4r 2r-n ...... I Russula emetica 3r 1r ...... I Suillus variegatus 3r 1r ...... I Lactarius glyciosmus .2r-n ...... I Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Hygrocybe coccineocrenata 1r 1r ...... I b) among mosses Galerina paludosa 5r 6r-n 9r-n 8r-n 11r-n 6r 10r-n 7r 8r-n 9n 8r-n V Hypholoma udum 5r-n 2r-n 6r-n 4r-n 5r-n 4r 3r-n 3r 3r 4r-n 3r-n V Hypholoma elongatum 4n 4r-n 5r-n 5r-n 4r 4n 5r-n 4n 4r-a 5r-n 4r-n V Galerina sphagnorum . 1r 3r-n 3r-n 4r-n 1r 3n 4r-n 5r-n 6n 3r-n V Galerina tibiicystis 8r-n .11r-a 8r-n 7r-n 9r-n 6r-n 7r-n 8r-a 3n .V Arrhenia gerardiana .....1r .3r 4r-n 2r .II Galerina calyptrata 1r 1r ..1r ...... II c) on litter Mycena galopus 8r-n 3r-n 5r 3r-n 3r 3r 2r 2r 3r ..V Gymnopus androsaceus 6r 3n 2r 1r 2r .1r .1r ..IV Mycena epipterygia var. 3r 2n ...... I epipterygia Collybia cookei 1r ...... I Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre 8r-n 7r-a 13n-a 13r-a 15n-a 15n-a 14n-a 12r-n 9n-a 10a 10r-a V 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 4r 2r .1r 3r ...... II Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 98 Tabela A.1.5 Caricetum rostratae Successive number 12345678 Plot number Ka5a Ka6 ĞF ZB3 ĞF SD6 SD5 ZB4 /RFDOLWLHV Ka Ka ĞF ZB ĞF SD SD ZB Day 2005190919151509 Month 0707060706060607 Year 2003 2001 2001 2004 2001 2004 2004 2004 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E 105------&RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 70 80 70 70 60 80 60 70 &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 70 80 80 90 70 70 70 90 3ORWDUHD P2 300 200 300 200 200 100 200 100 Total number of plots Total Total number of species in a relevé 17 16 12 17 10 12 15 19 including: vascular plants 11 12 7 11 8 9 11 10 at which the species occurred cryptogamic plants 64562349 Ch. Sphagno-Caricetum rostratae Carex rostrata 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 8 Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Eriophorum angustifolium 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 2.1 8 Comarum palustre 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 8 Menyanthes trifoliata 1.2 . 1.1 1.1 .6 Sphagnum cuspidatum d .. . 1.1 . 1.1 2.2 4 Carex lasiocarpa . . . 1.1 1.1 . 4 Agrostis canina 1.1 2.2 . .... 3 Carex limosa .. . .. 3 :DUQVWRUÀDÁXLWDQV d ... ... 2 Drepanocladus aduncus d ...... 1.21 Straminergon stramineum d ...... 1 Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Aulacomnium palustre d 2.2 2.2 2.2 . 1.1 1.1 1.1 7 Drosera rotundifolia . 1.1 . 1.1 6 Oxycoccus palustris . . 2.2 1.1 1.1 . 1.2 5 Sphagnum magellanicum d .. 2.2....2 Accompanying species Sphagnum fallax d 1.13.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 8 Betula pubescens b1.11.1...... 2 c . 7 Sphagnum palustre d 1.11.1 1.1 2.2 . . 1.1 6 Molinia caerulea 1.1 1.1 . 1.2 . 1.1 6 Pinus sylvestris b1.1...... 1 c. . . 5 Sphagnum squarrosum d 3.33.3 . 1.1 . . . 4 Phragmites australis . . . .4 6SKDJQXPÀPEULDWXP d . ....1.12 Lysimachia vulgaris .1.1...... 1 Polytrichum commune d 1.1...... 1 Calamagrostis canescens ...... 1 Galium palustre . ...... 1 /\VLPDFKLDWK\UVLÁRUD ...... 1 Salix sp. c ...... 1 Abbreviations: see Table 1 99 Table A.2.5 Fungi in Caricetum rostratae Successive number 12345678 F Plot number Ka5a Ka6 ĞF ZB3 ĞF SD6 SD5 ZB4 r e /RFDOLWLHV Ka Ka ĞF ZB ĞF SD SD ZB q u 3ORWDUHD P2 300 200 300 200 200 100 200 100 e n Number of observations 23 24 25 24 25 25 25 24 c y Total number of species 12 9988876 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Lactarius tabidus 5r 4r ...... 2 Lactarius helvus 5r-n ..2r ....2 Cortinarius huronensis 4r ..1r ....2 Laccaria proxima 3r 3r ...... 2 Saprotrophic fungi .. a) among mosses Galerina tibiicystis 8r-n 6r-n 10r-n 8r-n 8r-n 7r-n 8r-n 6r-n 8 Galerina paludosa 7r 4r 9r-n 6r 8r 8r-n 6r-n 7r 8 Hypholoma udum 6r-n 3r 5r-n 4r 6r-n 5r 6r-n 4r-n 8 Hypholoma elongatum 5r-n 5n-a 5n-a 6r-n 5n-a 5r-n 5r-n 5r-n 8 Galerina sphagnorum ..2r .3r 4r-n 4r 2r 5 r-n r r Arrhenia gerardiana ..4 .23 ..3 $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD ..2n ..1r ..2 b) on litter Mycena galopus 6r-n 5r 3r 3r 4r .3r .6 Gymnopus androsaceus 5r 2r ...... 2 Mycena sanguinolenta 2r ...... 1 Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre 9r-n 8r 15r-a 11r-n 14r-a 12r-n 9r 11r 8 Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 Table A.1.6 Erico-Sphagnetum medii Successive number 1 23456789 Plot number :U] TT1 Ī%â :U] Rob4 Str1 Rob3 Ī%â Str1A /RFDOLWLHV :U] TT Ī%â :U] Rob Str Rob Ī%â Str Day 27 23 03 27 07 17 07 03 17 Month 06 08 07 06 09 09 09 07 09 Year 2004 2007 1999 2004 2007 2007 2007 1999 2007 'HQVLW\RIWUHHOD\HU D -5-- --- 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E 25105255105- 5 &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 75 80 50 70 90 100 60 60 90 &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 70 70 30 50 35 80 30 75 60 3ORWDUHD P2 300 100 150 200 200 300 200 100 250 number of plots Total Total number of species in a relevé 17 19 19 19 16 16 15 11 15 at which the species occurred including: vascular plants 12 14 14 16 12 12 11 7 11 cryptogamic plants 555344444 100 Table A.1.6 cont. D. Erico-Sphagnetum medii Erica tetralix 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.2 4.3 3.3 9 Sphagnum papillosum d . . 1.2 . 2.2 . . 1.1 4 Sphagnum compactum d..2.2...... 1 Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Oxycoccus palustris 3.3 3.3 2.2 1.1 4.4 1.1 3.3 9 Andromeda polifolia 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 9 Drosera rotundifolia 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 9 Eriophorum vaginatum . 1.1 2.2 3.3 1.1 1.2 2.2 8 Sphagnum magellanicum d 3.33.3 . 3.4 . 1.1 . 3.3 1.1 6 Aulacomnium palustre d 1.2. 1.1 . . 2.2 . 5 Polytrichum strictum d . . . 1.1 . 1.1 5 Sphagnum capillifolium d .2.2 1.1 . 1.1 . .. 4 Sphagnum rubellum d .1.1....2.2.. 2 Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Eriophorum angustifolium 2.1 2.2 1.1 . 3.3 .7 Rhynchospora alba . ..2.2.... 2 Carex lasiocarpa 1.1..1.1..... 2 Ch. Vaccinio-Piceetea Betula pubescens a.... ... 2 b 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 . 1.1 8 Pinus sylvestris a.1.1...... 2 b 2.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 . 1.1 . . 6 Ledum palustre . 1.1 1.1 2.2 . 1.1 . . 5 Vaccinum myrtillus . 1.1 . . 2.2 . 5 Vaccinum uliginosum .... . 1.1 4 Pleurozium schreberi d .1.1....1.1.. 2 Vaccinum vitis-idea ..1.2...... 1 Accompanying species Calluna vulgaris 1.1 2.2 1.1 2.2 3.3 2.2 . 2.2 8 Molinia caerulea 1.1 1.1 1.2 .. 7 Sphagnum fallax d 3.3....4.4.2.23.34 Dicranum bonjeanii d .. . . 1.2 . 1.1 . . 2 Frangula alnus b .. ..... 2 Phragmites australis .. ..... 2 Sphagnum palustre d ....2.2.... 1 Sphagnum subnitens d..1.2...... 1 Hypnum jutlandicum d .1.1...... 1 Quercus robur c. . . ..... 1 Sorbus aucuparia b. . ...... 1 Abbreviations: see Table 1 101 Table A.2.6 Fungi in Erico-Sphagnetum medii Successive number 123456789 F Plot number :U] TT1 Ī%â :U] Rob4 Str1 Rob3 Ī%â Str1A r /RFDOLWLHV :U] TT Ī%â :U] Rob Str Rob Ī%â Str e q 3ORWDUHD P2 300 100 150 200 200 300 200 100 250 u e Number of observations 25 22 26 25 22 22 22 26 22 n c Total number of species 30 29 27 27 23 22 22 21 20 y 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Lactarius helvus 4r-n 9r-a 9r 4r 8r-n 9r-a 4r-n 4r 11r-a 9 Cortinarius huronensis 4r 8r-n 9r-n 3r 2r 6r 3r 5n 4r 9 Cortinarius semisanguineus 5r .7r 4r 7r-a 9r-n 7r-a 5r 9r-n 8 Lactarius tabidus 4r-n 3r 7r 5r-n 7r-n 4r-n 9r-n .7r-n 8 Paxillus involutus 2r 5r 5r 3r .4r .1r 6r-n 7 Leccinum niveum 2r 4r 6r 4r 1r 4r ..5r 7 Laccaria proxima 3r .8r-n 2r 2r .2r-a 6r-n .6 Russula emetica 4r 4r 6r 3r .6r-n ..8r-n 6 Suillus variegatus 3r .7r 4r .3r .2r 2r 6 Amanita fulva 2r .4r 3r 2r 2r ..2r 6 Thelephora terrestris 7r 22r 4r 9r ...7r .5 &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHVvar.ÁH[LSHV 6r-n 9r-a 4r 7r-n ..5r-n .. 5 Russula betularum 1r ..2r 3r .... 3 Suillus bovinus .3r 5r-n ...... 2 Russula xerampelina .1r 2r ...... 2 Cortinarius fulvescens .8r-n ...... 1 Chroogomphus rutilus var. rutilus .....3r ... 1 Russula paludosa ..3r ...... 1 Hebeloma crustuliniforme ...... 2r .. 1 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV .2r ...... 1 Cortinarius acutus .1r .. . 1 Cortinarius obtusus .1r ...... 1 Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Entoloma sericatum ....2r .8r .. 2 Clavaria fragilis ...... 4r-n 2r .2 Hygrocybe coccineocrenata 1r .....1r .. 2 Rhodocollybia maculata ..1r ...... 1 var. maculata b) among mosses Hypholoma udum 3r 6r-n 5r-n 4r 12r-a 13r-a 10r-a 8r-n 9r-a 9 Galerina tibiicystis 2r 4r 9r-n 1r 7r-n 4r 4r-n 12r-a 3r 9 Hypholoma elongatum 3r 1r 3r-n 1r 6r-a 6r-a 5n-a 5r-n 3r-n 9 Galerina paludosa .1r 6r .5r-n 4r 8r-n 9r-n 5r 7 Galerina calyptrata 1r 1r ..3n 3r 5r-n .2r 6 Galerina hypnorum 3r .4r 4r .1r ..3r 5 Mycena megaspora ....7r-a 4r-n 2r .3r 4 Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis 2r .3r .5r-a ..3r .4 Mycena adonis var. adonis ...2r 3r .2r .. 3 Galerina sphagnorum ....2r ..1r .2 Lichenomphalia umbellifera 2r .. . 1 102 Table A.2.6 cont. c) on litter Mycena galopus 7r-n 12r-a 8r 8r-n 3r-n 14r-a 7r-a 9r-n 12r-n 9 Gymnopus androsaceus 6r-n 11r-a 10r-n 5r-n .8n-a 7r-n 8r 10r-a 8 Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia 3r-n 4r-n 3r 3r-n 5r-n 2r-n 4r-n 4r .8 Mycena sanguinolenta 6r-n 3r-n 5r-n 5r-n ...6r .5 Collybia cookei 2r 2r-n ...... 1n 3 Clitocybe vibecina .3r-n .2r-n ..... 2 Mycena vitilis .3r ...... 1 Mycena vulgaris ...2r ..... 1 Collybia cirrata ...... 2r .1 d) on wood Mycena galericulata 3r 1r .2r 1r .... 4 Dacryomyces stillatus .2r .3r ..... 2 Trichaptum abietinum 3X...... 1 Trametes hirsuta .1X...... 1 e) on animal dung Psilocybe coprophila ....2n-a .1r .. 2 Panaeolus papilionaceus var...... 1r ... 1 papilionaceus Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre 2r .9r .4r-n 7r-n .14r-a 4r 6 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 2r ..3r ..4r-n 3r .4 Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 Table A.1.7 Sphagnetum magellanici Successive number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 10 Plot number ZB5 ZB6 SD9 ĪXU P-38c SD10 JCM1 SD11 ĪXU ĪXU /RFDOLWLHV ZB ZB SD ĪXU P-38 SD JCM SD ĪXU ĪXU C Day 09 09 15 20 29 15 23 15 20 20 o Month 07 07 06 06 06 06 07 06 06 06 n Year 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2004 s 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E - - - - - 40 5 40 70 50 t &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 40 20 20 35 40 35 40 40 30 40 a &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 100 100 90 75 90 90 60 80 70 70 n 3ORWDUHD P2 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 c Total number of species in a relevé 17 15 15 9 11 14 11 15 11 12 y including: vascular plants 11 8 9 6 6 9 9 10 8 11 cryptogamic plants 8 7 6 3 5 5 2 5 3 3 S.m. typicum S.m. pinetosum Ch. Sphagnetum magellanici, Sphagnetalia magellanici Sphagnum magellanicum d 5.54.4 4.4 4.4 3.4 4.4 3.3 4.4 3.3 3.3 V Oxycoccus palustris 3.3 2.2 2.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.2 3.3 2.3 3.3 V Andromeda polifolia 2.2 1.1 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.3 . . IV Polytrichum strictum d 1.21.2 1.1 . 1.1 3.3 . 2.3 . . III Eriophorum vaginatum .. 1.2 . 1.1 . 2.2 2.3 III Sphagnum rubellum d ..2.2.. 2.2 1.1 . . II Sphagnum capillifolium d 1.22.2 ...... I Sphagnum fuscum d .. ...... I 103 Table A.1.7 cont. Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Drosera rotundifolia 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 V Aulacomnium palustre d 1.12.2 3.3 . . IV Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Eriophorum angustifolium 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 V Scheuchzeria palustris . . 1.1 ..... II Comarum palustre ...... I Rhynchospora alba .. ...... I Carex limosa ..1.1...... I Straminergon stramineum d .... .....I :DUQVWRUÀDÁXLWDQV d ...... I Accompanying species . Sphagnum fallax d 1.1 2.2 1.1 3.3 2.2 . 1.1 3.4 3.3 V Pinus sylvestris f. turfosa b . . . . . 3.3 1.1 3.4 4.4 3.4 III Betula pubescens b . . . . . 1.1 . 1.1 II c . .. . ..II Calluna vulgaris .... 1.1 ..II Molinia caerulea . .....1.1 II Sphagnum palustre d 1.1 ...... 1.2 . II Ledum palustre ..... 1.1 1.1 . . II Pinus sylvestris c ...... .II 6SKDJQXPÀPEULDWXP d 1.11.1 ...... I Carex rostrata .. . 1.1 . . . . . I Salix sp. c . ...... I Vaccinium uliginosum ...... ...I Abbreviations: see Table 1 Table A.2.7 Fungi in Sphagnetum magellanici Successive number 12345678910C Plot number ZB5 ZB6 SD9 ĪXU P-38c SD10 JCM1 SD11 ĪXU ĪXU o n /RFDOLWLHV ZB ZB SD ĪXU P-38 SD JCM SD ĪXU ĪXU s t 2 a 3ORWDUHD P 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 n Number of observations 24 24 25 24 24 25 23 25 24 24 c Total number of species 25 21 18 17 16 37 34 33 28 27 y S. m. typicum S. m. pinetosum 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Laccaria proxima 6r-n 5r-n 5r 6r-n 5r-n 11r-n 7r-n 13r-a 8r-n 11r-a V Lactarius helvus 4r-n 5r-n 5r-n 4r-n 4r-n 8r-a 6r-n 7r-n 6r-n 5r-n V Amanita fulva 2r 3r .1r .4r 7r 6r 9r 7r IV Russula emetica 2r 3r .2r .5r-n 5r 6r-n 5r-n 4r IV Cortinarius huronensis 2r 3r .. .6r-n 6r-n 8r-a 4r-n 3r IV Lactarius rufus 2r ..3r .5r-n 8r-n 7r-n 7r-n 6r-n IV Paxillus involutus 2r ...2r 5r 6r 7r-n 4r-n 5r IV Leccinum niveum 1r .1r ..5r-n .1r 1r 6r-n III Suillus variegatus .. . .1r 4r 5r 5r-n 4r 3r III Thelephora terrestris 4r 2r 4r ..6r 8r 7r ..III Inocybe napipes .. . . .3r 5r 4r 2r 1r III Cortinarius semisanguineus ..1r .3r 5r 4r ..II 104 Table A.2.7 cont. 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD .. . . .4r .2r 1r 3r II &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHVvar.ÁH[LSHV ... .3r .5n-a .5n-a II Russula betularum .. . . .2r ..1r 3r II Russula paludosa ...... 4r .1r . I Lactarius vietus .. . . .1r ...3r I Russula decolorans ...... 6r ...I 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV ...... 3r ...I Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Entoloma cetratum .. .1r .3r 6r-n 5r-n 5r 3r III Clavaria fragilis 3r-n 2r-n 3r-n ...... II Entoloma sericatum ..1r ...3r ...I Hygrocybe coccineocrenata .2r-n .. . ..1r ..I Entoloma conferendum .2r ..1r ....I var. conferendum b) among mosses Galerina paludosa 7r-n 8r-n 7r 7r-n 9r-n 9r-n 7r-n 7r-n 6r-n 6r-n V Hypholoma elongatum 5r-n 4r-n 5n-a 3r-n 4r-n 4r-n 4r-n 4r-n 4r-n 3r-n V Hypholoma udum 6r-n 5r-a 7r-a 3r-n 6r-n 4r-n 5r 5r-n 5r-n 6r-n V Galerina tibiicystis 9r-n 8r-n 10r-a 9r-n 11r-a 9r-n 7r-n 7r 8r-n 8r V Arrhenia gerardiana 3r-n 5r-n 5r-n 2r 3r 3r 3r .2r 1r V Galerina sphagnorum 2r-n 3r-n 4r-n .2r-n 4r-n 1r 2r-n ..IV Lichenomphalia umbellifera 5r 6r-n ..2r 4r-n .2r ..III Mycena adonis var. adonis .. . . .2r 5r-n 4r .2r II Galerina jaapii .. . . .1r 3r 2r ..II Galerina hypnorum .. . . .3r .1r . I Mycena megaspora 2r ... .1r ....I c) on litter Gymnopus androsaceus 6r-n 5r 8r-n 5r-n 6r-a 10r-n 11r-n 11r-a 11r-n 12r-n V Mycena galopus 7r-a 8r-a 12r-a 7r-n 6r-a 10r-a 9r-a 9r-n 9r-a 10r-n V Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia 4r-n 3r 3n 2r 3r-a 4r-n 4r-n 4n 4r-n 3r-n V Mycena sanguinolenta 6r-n 5r-n 7r-a 2r 3n 6r 8r-n 5r-n 6r-n 7r-n V Collybia cirrata 2r-n .2r ...4r ...II Mycena vulgaris ...... 3r ...I Collybia cookei .. . . .2r ....I d) on wood Dacryomyces stillatus .. . . .2r 2r 3r 1r 2r III Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum . . . . . 3X2X2X1X. II Piptoporus betulinus .... .1X....I Panellus mitis ...... 2r ..I Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre 9r-a 8r-a 11r-a 8r-n 12r-a 9r-a 7r-n 7r-n 6r-n 7r-n V 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 2r ...... 2r 1r . II Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 105 Table A.1.8 Community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax Successive number 1 234567891011 Plot number K12 K13 SD8 N9 Z-Ia D6 P-38a SD7 Rep1 P-38b B1 /RFDOLWLHV K K SD N Z-I D P-38 SD Rep P-38 B C Day 24 28 15 10 25 10 29 15 25 29 20 o Month 07 06 06 06 05 06 06 06 05 06 06 n Year 2001 2003 2004 2001 2001 2001 2004 2004 2006 2004 2000 s 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E 2555555 520-10t &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 50 70 65 90 90 70 85 60 60 70 70 a &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 70 70 30 70 55 50 70 40 60 60 80 n 3ORWDUHD P2 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 70 c Total number of species in a relevé 10 12 7 13 12 13 8 6 9 10 16 y including: vascular plants 810411810537711 cryptogamic plants 22324333235 D. Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphag- num fallax Eriophorum vaginatum 3.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 V Sphagnum fallax d 4.4 4.4 3.3 4.4 3.3 3.3 4.4 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.3 V Ch. Sphagnion magellanici, Sphagnetalia magellanici Oxycoccus palustris 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 1.1 . 3.2 . V Sphagnum magellanicum d . . 1.1 . 1.2 . . 2.2 . . 3.3 II Polytrichum strictum d .... ....1.1II Andromeda polifolia .... ..... I Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Drosera rotundifolia . . 2.2 1.1 2.2 . . 2.2 IV Aulacomnium palustre d .. ...1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 III Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Carex canescens 1.2 1.1 . 2.2 . 2.2 . . 1.1 1.1 IV Eriophorum angustifolium .. . . . 1.1 1.1 III Sphagnum cuspidatum d 2.22.2.2.22.22.2.....III Straminergon stramineum d ...... 1.1..II Carex limosa ....2.2.....1.1I Carex nigra . . . 1.2 . .....I Menyanthes trifoliata ...1.2...... I Carex lasiocarpa ... ...... Accompanying species Betula pubescens b 2.2 1.1 . 1.1 . . 2.2 . 2.1 IV c ... ... ..II Pinus sylvestris b . . 1.1 1.1 . 1.1 . . III c. 1.1 . . ....II Carex rostrata . . . 1.2 2.2 . .. 2.2 III Ledum palustre 1.11.1...... ..II Betula pendula b. . .1.1.....II c . . . 1.1 . .....I Phragmites australis ...... ..II Juncus effusus ...... .I Molinia caerulea ...... 1.1..I Picea excelsa b. . . ...... I Quercus robur c ...... I Thelypteris palustris ..... .....I Abbreviations: see Table 1 106 Table A.2.8 Fungi in community of Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax Successive number 1 234567891011C Plot number K12 K13 SD8 N9 Z-Ia D6 P-38a SD7 Rep1 P-38b B1 o n /RFDOLWLHV K K SD N Z-I D P-38 SD Rep P-38 B s 2 t 3ORWDUHD P 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 70 a Number of observations 23 23 25 24 23 22 24 25 26 24 14 n c Total number of species 30 28 24 23 23 19 18 17 16 15 12 y 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Laccaria proxima 11r-n 7n-a 11r-n 9r-n 8r-a 8r-n 5r 7r-n 8r-n 7r 3r-n V Lactarius helvus 8r-n 5r-n 9r-a 7r 7r-n 5r 4r 7r-n 4n ..V Cortinarius huronensis 9n-a 4r 8r-n 8n-a 7r-n 8n-a 2r 2r ..3r V Paxillus involutus 6r 3r 6r-n 5r 4r 6r 3r 3r ...IV Leccinum niveum 8r-n 5r-n 5r 4r-n 4r 4r ..3r ..IV Lactarius tabidus 6r-n 7r-n 5r-n 2r 3r 3r ..8r-n ..IV Amanita fulva 7r 2r 6r 2r .3r .2r . . . III Russula betularum 5r 6r 4r 2r 4r ...2r . . III Thelephora terrestris .2r 6r ..6r ..8n .2n III Lactarius rufus 7r-n .5r-n 5r-a .7r .....II Suillus variegatus 8r-n 2r 4r 6r-n ...... II Russula emetica 5r .5r-n 5r ...... II Cortinarius fulvescens 5r-a 3n ...... I Lactarius glyciosmus 5r ...2r ...... I Lactarius vietus .3r-n ...... I Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Clavaria fragilis 5r-n 3n. ....2r . . . II b) among mosses Galerina paludosa 10r-n 5r-n 5r 10r 10r 9r 7r-n 6r 7r-n 7r-n 8r-n V Hypholoma elongatum 7n-a 4r-n 5r-n 7n 8r-n 6n 5r-n 4r-n 4r 6r-a 3r V Hypholoma udum 4r 4r-n 4r 4r 4r 4r 6r-n 6r-n 4r 4r-n 1r V Galerina tibiicystis 4r-n 3r 3r 5r 4r-n .7r-n 5r 3r 8r-a .V Galerina calyptrata 6r-n 3r 5r 6n 4r-n .3r 3r .2r .IV r-n r . r r r r Galerina sphagnorum 6 3 . . . 4 3 .32 III Arrhenia gerardiana 5r 2r .4r 4r-n .2r ..3r . III Mycena adonis var. adonis 4n 3r ...... I $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD . ...3r-n ....2r .I Mycena megaspora ...... 1r ..2r .I c) on litter Gymnopus androsaceus 10r-n 5r-n 8-n 9n 9r-n 13n-a 7r-n 6r-n 5r-n 6r-n 4r-n V Mycena galopus 9r-n 4r-n 8r-a 7r 8r 8r-n 6r-n 7r-n 6r-n 7r-a 3r V Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia 6n-a 3n 4r-a 3r 6r-n 5r-a 3r 3r-n 4r 4r 4r V Mycena sanguinolenta 5n 1r 5r 3r .9r-n 3r ....III Collybia cirrata .2r ...... 3r .I Collybia cookei ..3r ....2r ...I Marasmius epiphyllus 3r . . .1r ...... I d) on wood Mycena galericulata 6r-n ..2r 4r 1r ..3r . . III Piptoporus betulinus ....2X...... I Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre 12n-a 8r-n 7r 11r-n 13n-a 11r-n 11r-a 6r 10r-n 12n-a 11r-n V 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 4r 2r 1r .4r 4r 1r .2r .1r IV Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 107 Table A.1.9 Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Successive number 1 2345678910 Plot number Nw8 Nw7 Nw6 ZB15 ZB14 SD16 Ĩ%â Ĩ%â JCM4 JCM5 /RFDOLWLHV Nw Nw Nw ZB ZB SD Ī%â Ī%â JCM JCM Day 26262609091530302424C Month 06 06 06 07 07 06 05 05 07 07 o n Year 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2001 2001 2001 s 'HQVLW\RIWUHHOD\HU D 60 40 45 40 60 40 40 60 60 60 t 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E 5151520551555 5 a &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 40 25 35 60 75 40 30 35 55 60 n &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 40 70 80 50 70 75 40 70 40 60 c 2 3ORWDUHD P 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 y Total number of species in a relevé 16 19 19 20 23 18 15 19 16 17 including: vascular plants 12 12 13 13 17 13 12 15 10 12 cryptogamic plants 4767653455 Trees and shrubs: Pinus sylvestris a 4.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 V b 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 V c . 1.1 1.1 ... III Betula pubescens a 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 . . IV b 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.2 . .IV c . 1.1 . . IV Frangula alnus b. . .. ..II c.... .....I Juniperus communis b. . . .....I Ch., D.* Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Ledum palustre 2.1 1.2 2.2 3.3 3.4 2.2 2.2 1.1 3.3 3.3 V Vaccinium uliginosum 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 V *Eriophorum vaginatum 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 V *Oxycoccus palustris 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 2.2 V *Aulacomnium palustre d . 1.1 . . 1.1 . ..II Ch. Vaccinio-Piceetea Vaccinium myrtillus 2.2 1.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 V Vaccinium vitis-idea 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 V Pleurozium schreberi d . 3.3 3.4 . . 1.2 IV Dicranum scoparium d . . ....1.2 II Dicranum polysetum d...1.22.2.....I Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Andromeda polifolia 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 V Sphagnum magellanicum d . . 1.1 2.2 . . 2.2 2.2 III Drosera rotundifolia . ... III Polytrichum strictum d . 1.2 ....III Erica tetralix ...... 1.2 . . I Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Eriophorum angustifolium 1.1 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 V Carex lasiocarpa .... .....I Rhynchospora alba .... .....I Accompanying species Sphagnum fallax d 3.34.4 4.4 1.2 2.2 4.4 3.3 4.4 1.1 3.3 V Calluna vulgaris 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 . 1.1 2.2 V 6SKDJQXPÀPEULDWXP d 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 . 1.1 1.2 . . IV 108 Table A.1.9 cont. Sphagnum palustre d 1.11.1 1.2 . . 1.1 . . . . II Molinia caerulea .... 1.2 1.1 . . II Polytrichum commune d .....1.2..2.22.3II Dryopteris carthusiana ...... ..I Rubus sp. ... .....I Abbreviations: see Table 1 Table A.2.9 Fungi in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Successive number 1 2345678910C Plot number Nw8 Nw7 Nw6 ZB15 ZB14 SD16 Ī%â Ī%â JCM4 JCM5 o n /RFDOLWLHV Nw Nw Nw ZB ZB SD Ī%â Ī%â JCM JCM s t 3ORWDUHD P2 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 a n Number of observations 26 26 26 24 24 25 26 26 23 23 c y Total number of species 65 59 56 46 44 42 42 38 36 32 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Lactarius helvus 7r-n 4r-n 5n 5n 7n-a 4r-n 4r-n 7r 5r-n 7r-n V Russula emetica 6r-n 5r 5r-n 2r 4r 5r 6r 5r 5r 6r V Paxillus involutus 7r-n 4r 5r 4r-n 5r-n 3r 5r 5r 3r 2r V Laccaria proxima 6r-n 5r-n 6r-n .6r-a 6r-n 7r-a 6r-n 6n 6n-a V Lactarius rufus 7r-a 6r 5r 5r-n .3r 4r-n 5r-n 4r-n 6r-n V Cortinarius semisanguineus 7r-n 6r-n 5r 5r-n .4r 3r 2r 3r 6r-n V &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHVvar. ÁH[LSHV .6n-a 5r-a 3r 4n 5r-n 3r 3n 4r-n 5n V Thelephora terrestris 11r 6r 7r 5r ..7r 8r 8r 8r IV Suillus variegatus 5r-n 4r-n 3r-n 3r 5r 2r .3r .3r IV Suillus bovinus 6r-a 5r-n 5r-n 4r-n .4r-n 2r .3r-n 2r IV Amanita fulva .4r 5r .4r-n 5r 3r 4r 2r 4r IV Hebeloma circinans .4r 3r .2r 1r 1r 2r .2r IV Inocybe napipes 4r 2r ..3r 4r 2r 3r .5r IV Russula paludosa 5r 3r 2r ..3r 2r .3r 5r IV Lactarius tabidus 5r 7r-a 7r-n .6r-n 6r-n .4r-n . . III Chroogomphus rutilus var. rutilus 2r 1r 4r .2r .2r .1r . III Scleroderma citrinum 7r-n 5r .6r-n .3r 1r . . . III 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD .5r 6r 3r 4r 2r ....III Leccinum niveum .2r 2r .4r 2r .2r . . III Cortinarius delibutus 4r 2r ....3r 2r .1r III Russula betularum .1r 2r .2r 4r .3r . . III Russula xerampelina 2r 2r .3r ...2r 1r . III Russula decolorans ...1r ..1r .4r 5r II Cortinarius huronensis ....2r 1r 3r 2r ..II Inocybe lanuginosa 2r ..3r-n ..2r .1r .II Amanita porphyria 2r .4r ...1r ...II Lactarius vietus ..2r ..2r .2r ..II Gomphidius roseus 2r ..1r 1r .....II Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus 5r 3r ...... I Cortinarius rubellus 2r ..3r ...... I Rhodocollybia butyracea f. 3r ..2r ...... I butyracea 109 Table A.2.9 cont. Lactarius necator .3r .2r ...... I Cortinarius alboviolaceus ..2n ...... I 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV ....2r .....I Cortinarius brunneus ...1r ...... I Cortinarius fulvescens 1r ...... I Lactarius deliciosus ....1r ... .I Leccinum scabrum ...1r ...... I Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Entoloma cetratum 7r-n 5r 5r-n 4r 3r 5r-n 4r 4r 3r 5r V Rhodocollybia maculata 5r 3r .. .1r ..2r 2r III var. maculata Cystoderma amianthinum 3r 2r .4r ...1r 2r . III Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca 4r 3r 2r 3r-n ....2r . III Ampulloclitocybe clavipes 3r 3r 1r 2r ...... II /HSLVWDÁDFFLGD 4r 3r ....1r ...II Gymnopus dryophilus .1r 2r 1r ...... II Gymnopus peronatus 3r ..2r ...... I Stropharia aeruginosa 2r ...... I b) among mosses Hypholoma udum 4r-n 4r-n 5r-n .5r-n 5r-n 3r 6r-n 5r-n 5r-n V Galerina paludosa 2r 3r 3r ..5r 3r 6r-n 4r-n 7r-n IV Hypholoma elongatum .3n 2n .4r-n 3r 3r-n 4n .3r-n IV Lichenomphalia umbellifera .5r 3r 2r 3r 5r .2r. .III Galerina hypnorum 4r-n 2r 3r-n 2r ..3r .3n . III Galerina tibiicystis .....3r 4r-n 5r-n 3r-n 4r-n III Mycena adonis var. adonis 3r-n ...3r-n .3r 2r 2n . III Galerina jaapii 1r 1r ....1r 1r 2n . III Arrhenia gerardiana .....1r .2r 2r 4r II r r r r Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis ..3.1 .23 ..II Galerina calyptrata ..2r .2r 1r .2r ..II Mycena megaspora .....1r ....I c) on litter Mycena galopus 9r-a 9r-n 8r-n 7r-n 9n-a 7r 7r-n 8r-a 6r-n 9r-a V Gymnopus androsaceus 9n-a 7r-a 6r-n 5r 8r-n 4r 5r 3r 4r 5r-n V Mycena sanguinolenta 9r-a 7r-n 9r-n 4r 7r 5r 5r 3r 6r-n 5r-n V Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia 3r 3r 3r 4r 3r 2r 2r .2r 3r V Clitocybe vibecina 4n-a 4r-n 4r-a 3r-n .3r 2r 2r 2n 1n V Mycena cinerella 4n-a 3r-n 3n .2a 3r 2r 2r 2n 2n V Mycena zephirus 4r-n 3r-n 2n 3n-a 2n 2n 1r ...IV Auriscalpium vulgare 4r 2r 1r 2r 3r .....III Mycena vulgaris 3r 2r 3r .2n .1r . III Strobilurus tenacellus 4r-n 3r-n 3r 2r ...... II Strobilurus stephanocystis 2r 3r 2r .1r .....II Collybia cirrata ....1r ..1r .2r II Clitocybe candicans 2r ..1r ...... I var. candicans Collybia cookei 2r ...... I Baeospora myosura 2r ...... I Roridomyces rorida 2r ...... I 0\FHQDÀORSHV ...1r ...... I d) on wood Fomes fomentarius 4X 4X 4X 3X 3X 3X . . . . III Piptoporus betulinus 4X 4X 4X 3X 3X 3X . . . . III Dacryomyces stillatus .1r 1r 2r 2r ...2r 2r III 110 Table A.2.9 cont. Mycena stipata 5r 3r 4r .4r .2r . . . III Mycena galericulata .3r 2r 1r 3r .....II Diatrypella favacea .3X3X.3X.....II Stereum sanguinolentum 2X.1X1X...... II Postia caesia 1X.....1X.1X.II Calocera viscosa 5r .2r 1r ...... II Polyporus ciliatus ..1r .1r 1r ....II Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum 4X..3X...... I Calocera cornea .3r 2r ...... I Hypholoma fasciculare ..2n . 1r .....I var. fasciculare Fomitopsis pinicola 4X...... I Stereum hirsutum .1X...... I Trametes hirsuta ..1X...... I Hypholoma capnoides 1r ...... I Panellus mitis 1r ...... I Sphaerobolus stellatus ....1r ... I Tricholomopsis rutilans 1r ...... I Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre .5r 3r ..6r 7r 8r 5r 8r-n IV 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 4r ..4r .1r 3r .3r . III Phaeolus schweinitzii .3X...... I Heterobasidion annosum 3X...... I Sparassis crispa 3r ...... I Tremella encephala 1r ...... I Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 Table A.1.10 Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Successive number 1 2345678910 Plot number ZB12 ZB11 Nw3 ZB13 Nw4 Nw5 Z-Ic Z20 SD14 SD15 /RFDOLWLHV ZB ZB Nw ZB Nw Nw Z-I Z SD SD C Day 09092609262615281515 o Month 07070607060609070606 n Year 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2002 2001 2004 2004 s 'HQVLW\RIWUHHOD\HU D 60 70 50 60 50 40 70 60 50 40 t 'HQVLW\RIVKUXEOD\HU E 5105155555155 a &RYHURIKHUEOD\HU F 70 70 50 70 40 60 40 60 50 20 n &RYHURIPRVVOD\HU G 10 60 60 30 50 30 50 50 60 80 c 3ORWDUHD P2 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 300 400 400 y Total number of species in a relevé 21 19 18 18 15 17 16 11 17 14 including: vascular plants 15 13 13 11 11 14 12 9 11 10 cryptogamic plants 6657434464 Trees and shrubs: Ch. Ass. Betula pubescens a 4.4 4.4 3.2 4.4 3.1 3.1 4.4 4.4 3.3 3.3 V b 1.1 1.2 1.1 2.1 1.1 1.1 . 2.2 1.1 V c . . . 1.1 IV Pinus sylvestris a 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.2 . . 2.1 1.1 IV b...... 1.1..I c .. ..III Frangula alnus b 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 . . . . III c 1.1 . . . . III 111 Table A.1.10 cont. Sorbus aucuparia a 1.2 . ...... II b 1.1 1.1 . . . . III Fagus sylvatica b 1.2...... I Salix cinerea b...... 1.1 ..I Salix aurita b...... 1.1...I Ch. Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Lycopodium annotinum 4.4 3.4 . 4.4 3.3 . . . . III Ch. Vaccinio-Piceetea Ledum palustre 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 . . 1.2 1.1 IV Vaccinium myrtillus 2.3 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 3.3 . . .IV Vaccinium uliginosum 1.2 1.2 . 1.2 . . 1.2 1.1 IV Pleurozium schreberi d 1.13.3 2.2 1.1 3.3 3.3 . . . . III Vaccinium vitis-idea 1.1 ....III Dicranum polysetum d 2.2 1.1 2.2.....III Dicranum scoparium d 1.2 1.2 1.2 . 1.2 . . . . III Trientalis europea . 1.1 . . . . III Ch. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Oxycoccus palustris .. . . 2.2 1.1 2.2 III Eriophorum vaginatum ...... 2.23.32.21.2II Polytrichum strictum d ...... 1.11.11.1 II Aulacomnium palustre d ...... 1.1.1.12.2II Andromeda polifolia ...... 1.1 I Sphagnum magellanicum d ...... .I Ch. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae Comarum palustre ...... 2.2...I Carex lasiocarpa ...... ...I Sphagnum cuspidatum d ...... .I Accompanying species Sphagnum fallax d . 2.2 2.2 . 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.4 IV Molinia caerulea . 2.2 . . . 1.1 2.2 1.2 III Sphagnum palustre d 1.11.1 . ....2.31.1III 6SKDJQXPÀPEULDWXP d . 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 . . . . III 'HVFKDPSVLDÁH[XRVD 1.1 . 2.2 1.2 . . . . III Rubus sp. 1.2 1.1...... II Polytrichastrum formosum d 2.21.2.1.1...... II Carex rostrata ...... 1.1.1.1 II Dryopteris carthusiana . . 1.1 . . ...II Juncus effusus ..... . II Sphagnum squarrosum d ...... 1.11.1..I Calla palustris ...... 1.1...I (TXLVHWXPÁXYLDWLOH ...... ...I 'U\RSWHULVÀOL[PDV ...... ..I Abbreviations: see Table 1 112 Table A.2.10 Fungi in Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Successive number 1 2345678910C Plot number ZB12 ZB11 Nw3 ZB13 Nw4 Nw5 Z-Ic Z20 SD14 SD15 o n /RFDOLWLHV ZB ZB Nw ZBNw Nw Z-I ZSD SD s t 2 3ORWDUHD P 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 300 400 400 a n Number of observations 24 24 26 24 26 26 23 14 25 25 c y Total number of species 74 62 61 58 52 51 41 40 39 33 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Laccaria proxima 7r-a 8r-a 7r 3n 6r 8r-n 12r-a 9r-a 15r-a 14r-n V Lactarius tabidus 11r-a 5r-a 6n-a 6r-a 10r-a 9r-a 9n-a 5r-n 10n-a 10n-a V Amanita fulva 7r-n 4r-n 5r 5r 4r 5r 3r 5r-n 5r 6r V Leccinum niveum 1r 4r-n 5r-n 2r 3r 4r 6r 6r-n 5r-n 4r-n V Russula betularum 5r 2r 3n 1r 3r 4r 5r 3r 6r-a 3r-n V 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD 9r-n 6r 6r 5r-n 5r 7r 5r .5r-n 4n-a V Paxillus involutus 5r-a 3n 5r-n 2r 5r-n 4r 2r 7r-n 5r-n .V Lactarius helvus .3r 5r 4r 3r 2r 6r 6r-n 6r-a 5n-a V &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHVvar.ÁH[LSHV 5n-a 5n-a 7n 5n-a 4n 4r-a .2n ..IV Russula emetica .3r 3r 2n 4r 5r-n .6r 3r .IV Scleroderma citrinum 9r-n 4r 4r-n 5r 4r-n 6r-n . . . . III Thelephora terrestris 7r .5r .3n 11r .3n .7r III Lactarius rufus 5r-a 4r-n 3r-n 3r 7r-n ..6r-n . . III Russula aeruginea 7r-n 4r 2r 2r 4r .....III Lactarius pubescens 3r 2n .4r 3r 2r . . . . III Suillus variegatus .1r 1r 3r .2r .5r . . III Cortinarius huronensis ..3r 1r ..4r 7n-a ..II Lactarius vietus 2r . 2r 4n .....5r II Lactarius glyciosmus ....2r .2r 4r-n 3r-n .II Hebeloma circinans .2r 2r 2r ..3r-n ...II Inocybe napipes .1r 1r 2r 1r .....II Russula fragilis 4r-n 3r 2r ...... II Lactarius necator 3n 3r ..3r .....II Leccinum scabrum 3r ..3r ...1r ..II Cortinarius armillatus ..3r .1r 1r ....II Suillus bovinus .2r-n .3n ...... I Gomphidius roseus .2r .3r ...... I Laccaria laccata 3r-n ...... I Tricholoma fulvum 3n ...... I Laccaria amethystina 2r ...... I Leccinum variicolor ...... 2r I Amanita citrina f. citrina 1r ...... I Clavulina coralloides 1r ...... I Cortinarius semisanguineus 1r ...... I Leccinum versipelle .....1r ....I Rhodocollybia butyracea 1r ...... I f. butyracea Russula decolorans ....1r .....I Tylopilus felleus 1r ...... I 113 Table A.2.10 cont. Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Rhodocollybia maculata 5r 3r-n 3r 4r 4r 1r ....III var. maculata Gymnopus dryophilus 7r 5r-n 2r .4r-n 2r . . . . III Entoloma cetratum .2r 4r 5r 3r 4r ....III Entoloma conferendum .1r 3r 1r ..1r .2r . III var. conferendum Entoloma sericatum .2r .3r .4r 2r ...II Gymnopus peronatus 3r 2r ...... I Hygrocybe coccineocrenata ..2r ...... 1r I Lycoperdon perlatum 3r ...... I Ampulloclitocybe clavipes 2r ...... I Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca 1r ...... I /HSLVWDÁDFFLGD 1r ...... I Stropharia aeruginosa 1r ...... I b) among mosses r r r r r-n n r r-n Galerina paludosa . . 8 2 2 4 6 2 6 6 IV r-n r n r-n n r-n r-n Hypholoma udum . . 4 4 3 3 5 .7 4 IV n n n n n r-n n Hypholoma elongatum . . 3 2 2 3 5 .4 4 IV Galerina tibiicystis ..8r 3r 2r .7r-n .6r 7r III Lichenomphalia umbellifera . . 3r ..3r 3r .3r 3r III Galerina calyptrata ..1r ..2r ..3r .II Galerina hypnorum .1r ..2r ..3r ..II Galerina jaapii ..1r .1r ...3r II r r Galerina sphagnorum ...... 2.1 .I r r Galerina vittiformis . . 1 .2 .....I var. vittiformis Mycena adonis var. adonis ...2r ...... I Mycena acicula ....1r .... .I Mycena megaspora ...... 1r I c) on litter Mycena galopus 8r-n 6r-n 9r-a 11r-n 11r-n 11r-a 12r 3n 9r-n 8r-n V Gymnopus androsaceus 7r-n 6r-n 7n-a 6r-n 9r-a 6r-a 8r-n 8n-a 8r-n 9r-a V Mycena epipterygia var. epipterygia 4r 4r 3r 2r 3r 3r 3n 4r-n 2r 3r-n V Mycena sanguinolenta 7r-a 5r-n 6r-n 5r-n 6r-n 8r-a .1r 1r .IV Mycena zephirus 3r-n 4r-a 2n 1n 2n 3r-n ....III Collybia cirrata 2n ...1r .2n .2r .II Clitocybe vibecina 1r 3r-n .1n ...... II Collybia cookei ..2r ..1r ....I Auriscalpium vulgare 1r 2r ...... I Clitocybe candicans var. candicans 2r ...... I Mycena pura 1r ...... I d) on wood Piptoporus betulinus 3X 3X 4X 3X 4X 4X 3X 2X 3X 3X V Daedaleopsis confragosa 3X 3X 1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 1X 3X 3X V Mycena galericulata 6r 4n 5r 3n 4r 5r 4n 5n-a 3r 2r V Diatrypella favacea 1X 1X 1X 1X 1X 1X 2X . 1X 3X V Exidia plana 4r-n 2r 4r 3r 3r 4r .3n 3r 5r V Dacryomyces stillatus 2r 2r 3r 1r .2r 3r .5r 3r IV Fomes fomentarius 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X 4X . 2X 3X . IV Crepidotus variabilis 3r-n 4n 4r-n 3r-n 3r-n 4r-n 2n 1n ..IV Calocera cornea 2r 4r 3r .3r .2r 1n 3r .IV Polyporus ciliatus 3r 2r 1r ..1r 2r 2r 1r .IV 114 Table A.2.10 cont. Ascocoryne sarcoides 3r 2n .1r .2r 2r .2r . III Pluteus cervinus 3r 2r .1r 1r ..1r 1r . III Diatrype stigma 3X 3X 3X 3X . 3X 2X . . . III Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum 3X 1X . . 3X . . . 2X 1X III Trametes hirsuta 3X 1X . . 1X . 1X 1X . . III Stereum hirsutum 2X 1X 1X 1X . . . 1X . . III Hypholoma fasciculare var. 4n-a 3n-a .2n .4n ..1n . III fasciculare Phlebia tremellosa .3r 3r ..2r ...3r II Scutellinia scutellata ..1r ...2r 5r-n .1r II Kuehneromyces mutabilis .2r 3r 3r 2r .....II Megacollybia platyphylla 2r 4r-n 2r ...... II Bjerkandera adusta .1X.3X.2X.. . .II Xylaria hypoxylon .1X....1X1X..II Peniophora cinerea .1X1X...... I Mycena haematopus 3r ....1r ....I Phlebia radiata 2r .....1r ...I Schizophyllum commune ...... 1X1X..I Inonotus obliquus ..4X...... I Trametes versicolor .....3X....I Stereum rugosum ....2X.....I Stereum subtomentosum ...1X...... I Lycoperdon pyriforme 6r ...... I Trichaptum abietinum ...... 1X..I Hypholoma lateritium 2n ...... I 0DFURW\SKXODÀVWXORVD 2n ...... I Phaeomarasmius erinaceus ...... 2r-n ..I Hohenbuehelia atrocoerulea 2r ...... I Lentinellus cochleatus 1r ...... I Ramaria stricta 1r ...... I e) on animal dung Stropharia semiglobata ...... 1r I f) on fungi Nectria episphaeria 5r 5r 2r 3r ..2r . . . III Parasitic fungi 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD 4r 2r .4r 5r-n 4r-n 2r 4r-n 4r 3r V r-n r-n r-n r-n r-n r-n r-n r-n Lyophyllum palustre .. 12 7 5 4 11 6 7 8 IV Nectria cinnabarina 4r 3r 3r 1r 1r 3r .3n 2r .IV Armillaria ostoyae 3r 2r ...... I Chondrostereum purpureum ...1X...... I Xerocomus parasiticus 2r ...... I Abbreviations see Table 1 and Table A.2.1 115 Table A.2.11 The diversity of macroscopic fungi in peatland communities of Pomerania Successive number 1 2345678910 Communities VuBe VuPn ErSp Spma zbEv EaSp Cali Cala Caro Rhal Total number of plots 10 10 9 10 11 13 13 11 8 13 7RWDOSORWDUHD P2 3900 4000 1800 4000 4070 3370 1130 1020 1600 1110 Total number of observations 237 249 212 242 253 267 237 232 195 264 Total number of species 121 102 54 48 37 29 25 23 15 12 0\FRUUKL]DOIXQJL Lactarius helvus Vr-a Vr-a 9r-a Vr-a Vr-a IIr-n IIr-n IIIr-n 2r-n IIr Cortinarius huronensis IIr-a IIr 9r-n IVr-a Vr-a IIr IIr-n Ir-n 2r IIr Laccaria proxima Vr-a Vr-a 6r-a Vr-a Vr-a IIr-n IIr-n IVr-a 2r . Lactarius tabidus Vr-a IIIr-a 8r-n .IVr-n Ir Ir Ir-n 2r Ir Russula emetica IVr-n Vr-n 6r-n IVr-n IIr-n Ir IIr Ir .. Paxillus involutus Vr-a Vr-n 7r-n IVr-n IVr-n .Ir Ir-n .. Suillus variegatus IIIr IVr-n 6r IIIr-n IIr-n .Ir Ir .. Leccinum niveum Vr-n IIIr 7r IIIr-n IVr-n ..IIr .. Thelephora terrestris IIIr-n IVr 5r IIIr IIIr-n IIIr-n .... Amanita fulva Vr-n IVr-n 6r IVr IIIr ..... Russula betularum Vr-a IIIr 3r IIr IIIr ..... Lactarius glyciosmus IIr-n ...Ir Ir Ir Ir-n .. Lactarius rufus IIIr-a Vr-a .IVr-n IIr-a ..... &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHVvar.ÁH[LSHV IVr-a Vr-a 5r-a IIr-a ...... Cortinarius semisanguineus Ir Vr-n 8r-a IIr ...... Lactarius vietus IIr-n IIr .Ir Ir-n ..... Cortinarius fulvescens .Ir 1r-n .Ir-a In .... 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD Vr-a IIIr .IIr ...... Inocybe napipes IIr IVr . IIIr ...... Suillus bovinus Ir-n IVr-a 2r-n ...... Russula paludosa .IVr 1r Ir ...... Russula decolorans Ir IIr .Ir ...... 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV .Ir 1r Ir ...... Hebeloma circinans IIr-n IVr ...... Scleroderma citrinum IIIr-n IIIr-n ...... Russula xerampelina . IIIr 2r ...... Chroogomphus rutilus var. rutilus . IIIr 1r ...... Lactarius necator IIr-n Ir ...... Leccinum scabrum IIr Ir ...... Gomphidius roseus Ir IIr ...... Rhodocollybia butyracea Ir Ir ...... f. butyracea Cortinarius delibutus . IIIr ...... Lactarius pubescens IIIr-n ...... Russula aeruginea IIIr-n ...... Amanita porphyria .IIr ...... Cortinarius armillatus IIr ...... Inocybe lanuginosa .IIr-n ...... Russula fragilis IIr-n ...... Amanita citrina f. citrina Ir ...... Clavulina coralloides Ir ...... Cortinarius alboviolaceus .In ...... Cortinarius brunneus .Ir ...... Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus .Ir ...... Cortinarius rubellus .Ir ...... Laccaria amethystina Ir ...... 116 Table A.2.11 cont. Laccaria laccata Ir-n ...... Lactarius deliciosus .Ir ...... Leccinum variicolor Ir ...... Leccinum versipelle Ir ...... Tricholoma fulvum In ...... Tylopilus felleus Ir ...... Cortinarius acutus ..1r ...... Cortinarius obtusus ..1r ...... Hebeloma crustuliniforme ..1r ...... Saprotrophic fungi a) on peat Clavaria fragilis ..2r-n IIr-n IIr-n In-a In-a ... Hygrocybe coccineocrenata Ir .2r Ir-n .Ir-n .Ir .. Entoloma cetratum IIIr Vr-n . IIIr-n .Ir .... Entoloma sericatum IIr .2r Ir .Ir .... Rhodocollybia maculata IIIr-n IIIr 1r ...... var. maculata Gymnopus dryophilus IIIr-n IIr ...... Entoloma conferendum IIIr ..Ir ...... var. conferendum Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Ir IIIr ...... Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Ir IIr ...... /HSLVWDÁDFFLGD Ir IIr ...... Gymnopus peronatus Ir Ir ...... Stropharia aeruginosa Ir Ir ...... Cystoderma amianthinum . IIIr ...... Lycoperdon perlatum Ir ...... b) among mosses Hypholoma udum IVr-n Vr-n 9r-a Vr-a Vr-n Vr-a Vr-n Vr-n 8r-n Vr-n Hypholoma elongatum IVr-n IVr-n 9r-a Vr-a Vr-a Vr-a Vr-a Vr-a 8r-a Vr-a Galerina paludosa IVr-n IVr-n 7r-n Vr-n Vr-n Vr-a Vr-a Vr-n 8r-n Vr-a Galerina tibiicystis IIIr-n IIIr-n 9r-a Vr-a Vr-a IVr-a IVr-n Vr-a 8r-n IVr-a Galerina sphagnorum Ir .2r IVr-n IIIr-n Vr-a Vr-a Vr-n 5r-n Vr-a Arrhenia gerardiana .IIr .Vr-n IIIr-n IVr-n Vr-n IIr-n 3r-n Vr-n Galerina calyptrata IIr IIr 6r-n .IVr-n IIr Ir IIr .. Mycena adonis var. adonis Ir IIIr-n 3r IIr-n Ir-n Ir-n .... Mycena megaspora Ir Ir 4r-a Ir Ir ..... Lichenomphalia umbellifera IIIr IIIr 1r IIIr-n ...... Galerina hypnorum IIr IIIr-n 5r Ir ...... $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD ....Ir-n In-a IIr-n .2r-n . Galerina jaapii IIr IIIr-n .IIr ...... r r r-a Galerina vittiformis I II 4 ...... var. vittiformis Mycena acicula Ir ...... c) on litter Mycena galopus Vr-a Vr-a 9r-a Vr-a Vr-a IVr-n IIIr-n Vr-n 6r-n Ir Gymnopus androsaceus Vr-a Vr-a 8r-a Vr-a Vr-a IVr-n IIIr-n IVr-n 2r Ir Mycena epipterygia Vr-n Vr 8r-n Vr-a Vr-a IIr-a Ir Ir-n .. var. epipterygia Mycena sanguinolenta IVr-a Vr-a 5r-n Vr-a IIIr-n IIIr-n ..1r . Collybia cirrata IIr-n IIr 1r IIr-n Ir Ir Ir ... Collybia cookei Ir Ir 3r-n Ir Ir ..Ir .. Clitocybe vibecina IIr-n Vr-a 2r-n ...... Mycena vulgaris . IIIr-n 1r Ir ...... 117 Table A.2.11 cont. Mycena zephirus IIIr-a IVr-a ...... Auriscalpium vulgare Ir IIIr ...... Clitocybe candicans Ir Ir ...... var. candicans Marasmius epiphyllus ....Ir Ir .... Mycena cinerella .Vr-a ...... Strobilurus tenacellus .IIr-n ...... Strobilurus stephanocystis .IIr ...... Baeospora myosura .Ir ...... Roridomyces rorida .Ir ...... 0\FHQDÀORSHV .Ir ...... Mycena pura Ir ...... Mycena vitilis ..1r ...... d) on wood Mycena galericulata Vr-a IIr 4r . IIIr-n ..... Piptoporus betulinus Vr-n IIIr .Ir Ir ..... Dacryomyces stillatus IVr IIIr 2r IIIr ...... Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum IIIr Ir .IIr ...... Trametes hirsuta IIIr-n Ir 1r ...... Diatrypella favacea Vr-n IIr ...... Fomes fomentarius IVr IIIr ...... Polyporus ciliatus IVr IIr ...... Calocera cornea IVr-n Ir ...... Hypholoma fasciculare var. IIIn-a Ir-n ...... fasciculare Stereum hirsutum IIIr-n Ir ...... Panellus mitis .Ir .Ir ...... Trichaptum abietinum In .1r ...... Daedaleopsis confragosa Vr ...... Exidia plana Vr-n ...... Crepidotus variabilis IVr-n ...... Ascocoryne sarcoides IIIr-n ...... Diatrype stigma IIIr ...... Mycena stipata . IIIr ...... Pluteus cervinus IIIr ...... Bjerkandera adusta IIr ...... Calocera viscosa .IIr ...... Kuehneromyces mutabilis IIr ...... Megacollybia platyphylla IIr-n ...... Phlebia tremellosa IIr ...... Postia caesia .IIr ...... Scutellinia scutellata IIr-n ...... Stereum sanguinolentum .IIr ...... Xylaria hypoxylon IIr-n ...... Fomitopsis pinicola .Ir ...... Hohenbuehelia atrocoerulea Ir ...... Hypholoma capnoides .Ir ...... Hypholoma lateritium In ...... Inonotus obliquus Ir ...... Lentinellus cochleatus Ir ...... Lycoperdon pyriforme Ir ...... 0DFURW\SKXODÀVWXORVD In ...... Mycena haematopus Ir ...... Peniophora cinerea Ir ...... 118 Table A.2.11 cont. Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Ir-n ...... Phlebia radiata Ir ...... Ramaria stricta Ir ...... Schizophyllum commune Ir-a ...... Sphaerobolus stellatus .Ir ...... Stereum rugosum Ir ...... Stereum subtomentosum Ir ...... Trametes versicolor Ir ...... Tricholomopsis rutilans . Ir ...... e) on animal dung Stropharia semiglobata Ir ...... Psilocybe coprophila ..2r-a ...... Panaeolus papilionaceus var. ..1r ...... papilionaceus f) on fungi Nectria episphaeria IIIr ...... Parasitic fungi Lyophyllum palustre IVr-n IVr-n 6r-a Vr-a Vr-a Vr-a Vr-a Vr-a 8r-a Vr-a 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD Vr-n IIIr 4r-n IIr IVr Ir Ir IIr .. Nectria cinnabarina IVr-n ...... Anthracoidea limosa ...... IIr-a ... Armillaria ostoyae Ir ...... Chondrostereum purpureum Ir ...... Heterobasidion annosum .Ir ...... Monilinia oxycocci ...... Ir-n ... Phaeolus schweinitzii .Ir ...... Sparassis crispa .Ir ...... Tremella encephala .Ir ...... Xerocomus parasiticus Ir ...... 119 120 Appendix 2 A list of macromycete species of raised and transitional bogs in Pomerania Detailed data on the occurrence of macroscopic fungi species, including information on the sub- strate on which they grew, the habitat, the occurrence site and the observation date, are given on the list. Species of fungi recorded in the Reptowo peatland are not included as they are listed in a sepa- UDWHSDSHU 67$6,Ĕ6.$ DQGRQO\WKRVHVSHFLHVWKDWZHUHUHFRUGHGDWWKHSHUPDQHQWUHVHDUFK plot in the peatland are given. Plant community: Cala – Caricetum lasiocarpae, Cali – Caricetum limosae, Caro – Caricetum rostratae, EaSp – Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi, ErSp – Erico-Sphagnetum medii, Rhal – Rhynchosporetum albae, Spma – Sphagnetum magellanici, zbEv – community Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax, VuPn – Vaccinio uliginosi- Pinetum, VuBe – Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis ORF²ORFDOLW\ LHV ²ORFDOLW\QXPEHU VHH 7DE ,9,;²REVHUYDWLRQGDWH WKUHDWFDWHJRULHV according to:2-(:2'$ á$:5<12:,&= (² (QGDQJHUHG9²9XOQHUDEOH5²5DUH ²SURWHFWHGVSHFLHV 5HJXODWLRQRIWKH0LQLVWHURIWKH(QYLURQPHQWRQ VSHFLHVRIZLOGJURZLQJIXQJLXQGHUSURWHFWLRQ ASCOMYCOTA Helotiales Ascocoryne sarcoides -DFT -:*URYHV '(:LOVRQ²RQZRRGRIGHFLGXRXVWUHHV VuPn, VuBe; 11 loc.: 1, 3, 7, 10, 16, 20-21, 24, 26, 41, 61; X-XI 2002, 2004-2007. $VFRFRU\QHWXUÀFROD %RXG .RUI²DPRQJSphagnum spp., on stems of Carex rostrata Stokes, Carex limosa /DQGEriophorum angustifolium Honck.; Cali, EaSp, Caro, zbEv; 14 loc.: 4, 10, 13, 16-17, 22, 80-81, 88, 90, 92-93, 101, 119; IX-X 1999, 2002, 2003-2007; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. DE 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Monillinia oxycocci :RURQLQ +RQH\²RQIDOOHQPXPPLÀHGIUXLWVRIOxycoccus palustris Pers.; Cali; 3 loc.: 15-16, 23; V-VI 2001; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Leotiales Leotia lubrica 6FRS 3HUV²DPRQJSphagnum spp., under birch and Myrica gale / ORF ,; 2004, 2008. 3H]L]DOHV Leucoscypha leucotricha $OE 6FKZHLQ )U %RXG²DPRQJPRVVHV ORF ,; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. Scutellinia scutellata / /DPERWWH²RQZRRGRIGHFLGXRXVWUHHV VuBe; 17 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 12-16, 20, 25, 36, 45-46, 48, 134; VIII-X 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Hypocreales Nectria cinnabarina 7RGH )U²RQGHDGWZLJVDQGEUDQFKHVRIELUFK VuBe; 27 loc.: 1-3, 5, 7, 10, 13-15, 18, 20-21, 38, 45, 52, 61, 64, 78, 114-116, 118, 122, 126-129, 131; IX-XI 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 121 Nectria episphaeria 7RGH )U²RQDiatrype stigma +RIIP )U VuBe; 11 loc.: 1-2, 7, 16, 20-21, 45, 61, 79, 115, 131; IV-XI 2000, 2003-2009. Xylariales Diatrype stigma +RIIP )U²RQGHDGWZLJVDQGEUDQFKHVRIBetula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.; VuBe; 17 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10-11, 16, 20-21, 45, 61-62, 64, 78, 79, 115, 131; IV-XI 2000, 2003-2009. Diatrypella favacea )U &HV 'H1RW> Diatrypella verrucaeformis (KUK 1LWVFKNH@²RQVHQHV- cent twigs and branches of Betula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.; VuPn, VuBe; 22 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 16, 20-21, 35, 38, 45, 50, 61-62, 64, 78-79, 115, 122, 126-127, 131; IV-XI 2000-2009. Xylaria hypoxylon / *UHY²RQGHDGZRRG VuBe; 21 loc.: 1-2, 3, 5, 13-14, 16, 18, 20-21, 24-26, 45, 61, 64, 78, 88, 115, 126, 129; VII-XI 2000-2004, 2007-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. BASIDIOMYCOTA Ustilaginales Anthracoidea limosa +6\G .XNNRQHQ²RQCarex limosa/ Cali; 2 loc.: 10, 15; VI-VIII 2000-2005; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Dacrymycetales Calocera cornea %DWVFK )U²RQGHFD\HGDQGIDOOHQWUXQNV VuPn, VuBe; 32 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 12-14, 16, 20-21, 24, 26, 45, 57, 61, 81, 90, 95-96, 114-115, 118, 121-122, 124, 126-131; VII-IX 2000-2006; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Calocera viscosa 3HUV )U²RQGHDGZRRGRIFRQLIHUVHJRQVWXPSV VuPn; 18 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 50, 52, 79, 89-90, 95-96, 115-116, 118, 128-131; IX-X 2005-2009. Dacryomyces stillatus Nees – on dead stumps, trunks and branches; ErSp, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 31 loc.: 1-2, 6-7, 9-10, 12-13, 16, 20-21, 23, 57, 62, 64, 69, 79, 83, 90, 95-96, 103, 114-120, 128, 130; VII-X 2001- 2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Tremellales Exidia plana Donk – on fallen twigs, branches and trunks of birch; VuBe; 19 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 14-13, 18, 20-21, 26, 45-46, 52, 61, 64, 69, 96, 118; IV-V, IX-XI 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Tremella encephala :LOOG²RQEDVLGLRFDUSVRIStereum sanguinolentum $OE 6FKZHLQ )UîRQ coniferous wood; VuPn; 2 loc.: 2, 7; VII, IX-X 2005, 2008. Agaricales Amanita citrina 6FKDHII 3HUVIcitrina – on soil; VuBe; 3 loc.: 2, 20, 21, IX 2006-2009. Amanita fulva 6FKDHII )U )U²RQVRLO ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 75 loc.: 1-2, 5-10, 12, 14-18, 21, 23-26, 28-30, 38, 40, 43, 46, 50-53, 56-59, 61-62, 64, 72-73, 75, 77-79, 82, 84, 87-91, 97, 100-106, 109-112, 114-118, 120, 122, 126-131; VIII-X 1999-2007; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Amanita porphyria $OE 6FKZ )U²RQVRLO VuPn; 3 loc.: 7-8, 20; IX-X 2001, 2004-2005; 2008-2009. Amanita virosa )U %HUWLOO²9 RQVRLODPRQJMolinia caerulea / 0RHQFKVVWUXQGHUELUFK loc.: 2; VIII 2008. Ampulloclitocybe clavipes 3HUV )U 5HGKHDG/XW]RQL0RQFDOYR 9LOJDO\V> Clitocybe clavipes 3HUV )U 3.XPP@²RQVRLODPRQJPRVVHV VuPn, VuBe; 16 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 50, 53, 79, 89-90, 94-96, 103, 114, 116, 118; IX-XI 2004-2009. Armillaria ectypa )U )U +HULQN²DPRQJSphagnum spp.; 1 loc.: 133; IX 2007. Armillaria ostoyae 5RPDJQ +HULQN²RQZRRG VuBe; 10 loc.: 1-2, 20-21, 28, 46, 64, 88, 115, 126; X-XI 2004-2009. 122 Arrhenia gerardiana 3HFN (OERUQH>= Omphalina sphagnicola %HUN 000RVHUVDXFW@²9 RQ Sphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, Spma, zbEv, VuPn; 50 loc.: 1-8, 10, 12-17, 19, 20-23, 25-26, 34, 36-37, 47, 60, 61, 63, 66, 68, 71, 79, 88-92, 94-95, 103, 107, 111-114, 120, 129, 133-134; VI-X 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 627(. et al. Baeospora myosura )U )U 6LQJHU²RQIDOOHQEXULHGFRQHVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn; 3 loc.: 2, 7, 20; IX-XI 2006, 2008. Bovista paludosa /pY²9 RQVRLODPRQJPRVVHV ORF ,; Chondrostereum purpureum 3HUV 3RX]DU – on dead or dying trunks of birch; VuBe; 8 loc.: 1-2, 20-21, 41, 61, 64, 118; VI-XI 2005, 2008-2009. Clavaria fragilis Holmsk. [= Clavaria vermicularis Fr.] – on peat and among mosses; Cali, EaSp, ErSp, Spma, zbEv; 17 loc.: 1, 8, 10, 12, 14, 21-22, 28, 54, 58-59, 78, 80, 91, 96, 107, 111; IX-XI 1999, 2001- 2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Clitocybe candicans 3HUV )U 3.XPPYDUcandicans – on soil; VuPn, VuBe; 3 loc.: 7, 21, 79; IX-X 2006. Clitocybe vibecina )U 4XpO> Clitocybe langei Singer ex Hora] – on needle litter of Scots pine; ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 25 loc.: 7, 8, 9, 10, 20-21, 23, 50, 52, 56-57, 78-79, 83-84, 87, 89-90, 94-96, 111, 116, 118, 129; X-XI 2001-2002, 2004-2008. Collybia cirrata 3HUV 4XpO²RQROGIDOOHQEDVLGLRFDUSVRI$JDULFDOHVRUDPRQJPRVVHV Cali, EaSp, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 22 loc.: 3-4, 7-8, 10, 12, 15-16, 21-23, 45, 50, 60, 74, 98-99, 103-104, 106, 111, 129; VIII-X 1999, 2001-2007; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Collybia cookei %UHV -'$UQROG²RQROGIDOOHQEDVLGLRFDUSVRI$JDULFDOHVRUDPRQJPRVVHV Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 11 loc.: 1-2, 7, 9-10, 13, 20, 22, 45, 105, 118; VIII-X 2001-2002; 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Coprinus heptemerus 0/DQJH $+6P 9LOJDO\V+RSSOH -DFT-RKQVRQ²RQGXQJO\LQJRQ Sphagnum spp.; 1 loc.: 45; X 2002. Coprinus stercorea )U 5HGKHDG9LOJDO\V 0RQFDOYR> Coprinus stercoreus 6FRS )UVHQVX3' 2UW :DWO @²RQGXQJO\LQJRQSphagnum spp.; 1 loc.: 5; VI 2000; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. Cortinarius acutus 3HUV )U²5 RQQHHGOHOLWWHUDQGEHWZHHQPRVVHVXQGHU6FRWVSLQH ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 2 loc.: 2, 20; IX 2008. Cortinarius alboviolaceus 3HUV )U )U²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJPRVVHVXQGHUELUFK VuPn, VuBe; 3 loc.: 1, 7, 61; IX-X 2005, 2007. Cortinarius armillatus )U )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK VuBe; 15 loc.: 1-2, 7, 38, 45, 52, 61, 64, 86, 96-97, 111, 115, 118, 124; VIII-IX 2001, 2004-2009. Cortinarius brunneus 3HUV )U )U²RQSHDW VuPn, VuBe; 2 loc.: 2, 21; IX-X 2004, 2008. Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus P.D. Orton – on peat; VuPn; 6 loc.: 7, 20, 50, 52, 79, 118; IX 2004-2006, 2009. Cortinarius delibutus Fr. – on peat, under birch; VuPn, VuBe; 5 loc.: 2, 7, 8, 23, 124; IX-X 2001-2002, 2004-2005, 2008. &RUWLQDULXVÁH[LSHV 3HUV )U )UYDU ÁH[LSHV – on peat, under Scots pine and birch; ErSp, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 40 loc.: 1-2, 5-10, 13, 20-21, 23, 26, 38, 45, 50, 52, 56-57, 60-62, 67, 77-79, 83, 89-91, 101, 103, 114, 116, 118, 127-131; IX-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Cortinarius fulvescens Fr. [= Cortinarius fasciatus 6FRS )U@ – E; on peat, among mosses, under Scots pine; EaSp, ErSp, zbEv, VuPn; 6 loc.: 1-2, 7, 12-13, 20; IX-X 2001-2004, 2007-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Cortinarius huronensis $PPLUDWL $+6P²DPRQJSphagnum spp., under Scots pine and birch; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro: ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 76 loc.: 1-10, 12-27, 36, 38, 43, 45, 48, 50-51, 53-54, 56-57, 60-61, 62, 63, 65-68, 71-78, 86, 90-91, 93-97, 100-103, 107, 109, 110-114, 119-120, 132-133; VII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Cortinarius rubellus Cooke [= Cortinarius speciosissimus .KQHU 5RPDJQ@²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJ mosses; VuPn; 4 loc.: 7, 20, 21, 129; IX-X 2005-2007. 123 Cortinarius obtusus )U )U )UVO²RQQHHGOHOLWWHUDQGEHWZHHQPRVVHVXQGHU6FRWVSLQH ErSp; 1 loc.: 20; IX-X 2008-2009. Cortinarius semisanguineus )U )U )U²RQSHDWQHHGOHOLWWHUDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp.; EaSp, ErSp, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 33 loc.: 1-2, 6-10, 21, 23, 50, 52, 56-57, 61-62, 78, 82-84, 87-90, 94-96, 111, 114, 116, 120, 129-131; VIII-X 1999-2002, 2004-2009. Cortinarius uliginosus Berk. f. uliginosus – on peat, under willow; 3 loc.: 18, 26, 68; X 2002. Crepidotus variabilis 3HUV )U 3.XPP²RQWZLJVDQGOLWWHU VuBe; 17 loc.: 3, 5, 7, 14, 16, 20-21, 26, 45-46, 53, 61, 64, 69, 79, 96, 111; VII-X 2000-2002, 2004-2006; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. Cystoderma amianthinum 6FRS )U )D\RG²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJPRVVHVDQGOLWWHU VuPn; 12 loc.: 7, 8, 20-21, 23, 83, 95-96, 111, 118, 126, 131; IX-XI 2001, 2004-2009. Entoloma cetratum )U )U 000RVHU²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJPRVVHV EaSp, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 34 loc.: 2, 3, 5-8, 10, 20-21, 23, 38, 45, 48, 50, 52, 56-57, 62-63, 78-79, 89-90, 103, 111, 116, 118, 120, 126-131; V-VII, IX-X 2001-2009. Entoloma conferendum %ULW]HOP 1RRUGHOYDU conferendum – among Sphagnum spp.; VuBe, Spma; 6 loc.: 7, 10, 16, 20-21, 49; IX-X 2002, 2004-2005, 2008. Entoloma chalybaeum )U )U 1RRUGHOYDU chalybaeum – R; among Sphagnum spp.; 1 loc.: 1; IX 2008, 2009. Entoloma sericatum %ULW]HOP 6DFF²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJPRVVHVXQGHUELUFK EaSp, ErSp, Spma, VuBe; 18 loc.: 1-2, 7, 10, 12, 16, 20-23, 49, 51, 66, 71, 73, 120, 129, 133; IX-X 2000-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Entoloma mougeotii )U +HVOHUYDUmougeotii – V; on soil, among mosses, under willow and alder; 1 loc.: 26; VII 2001. Galerina calyptrata P.D. Orton – on mosses; Cali, EaSp, Cala, ErSp, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 27 loc.: 1-5, 7-10, 12-17, 20-22, 24, 26, 36, 45, 60, 77, 111, 113, 129; VIII-X 2000-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Galerina cinctula P.D. Orton – among Sphagnum spp. and Erica tertalix/ ErSp; 1 loc.; 20; IX 2008. Galerina hypnorum 6FKUDQN )U .KQHUV+RUDNDQGGH+DDQ :DOOH\Q²RQSHDWDQG mosses; ErSp, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 19 loc.: 2, 5-9, 20-21, 23, 52, 56, 63, 77, 79, 90, 103, 116, 118, 130; IX-XI 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. Galerina jaapii $+ 6P 6LQJHU >= Galerina mycenoides )U .KQHU@ ² ( RQ PRVVHV Rhal, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 6 loc.: 2, 7, 8, 10, 20, 23; IX-X 2001-2005, 2008-2009. Galerina paludosa )U .KQHU²5 RQSphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 129 loc.: 1-40, 42-82, 84-98, 101-121, 123-134; VI-X 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 627(. et al. Galerina sphagnorum 3HUV )U .KQHU²5 RQSphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuBe; 48 loc.: 1-8, 10, 12-16, 19-23, 26, 28, 36, 40, 58-59, 61, 63, 68, 73-74, 77, 88, 91, 97, 101-104, 106-108, 111, 113, 117, 120, 129; 132-133; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 627(. et al. Galerina tibiicystis *)$WN .KQHU²DPRQJSphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 63 loc.: 1-13, 15-17, 19-23, 26-25, 36, 45, 47-49, 51, 54-57, 60, 65-68, 73, 77-78, 81-82, 85-92, 94-95, 111-113, 116, 119, 123, 127-128, 132, 134; VI-X 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Galerina vittiformis )U 6LQJHUYDUvittiformis – on mosses; ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 13 loc.: 1-2, 7-9, 20-21, 48, 52, 73, 79, 96, 111; IX-X 1999-2002, 2004-2005, 2007-2009. Gymnopus androsaceus / )U $QWRQtQ 1RRUGHO> Marasmius androsaceus / )U )U@²RQ fallen needles and twigs of coniferous and deciduous trees and on Carex sp. and Eriophorum sp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 120 loc.: 1-46, 48-68, 70-79, 81-82, 84- 85, 87-96, 98-107, 109-112, 114-120, 122-123, 126-131; VI-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Gymnopus dryophilus %XOO )U 0XUULOO²RQOLWWHU VuPn, VuBe; 8 loc.: 1-2, 7, 20-21, 45, 52, 69; V-X 1999-2001, 2004-2009. 124 Gymnopus peronatus %ROWRQ )U $QWRQtQ+DOOLQJ 1RRUGHO²RQSHDWDQGOLWWHURIGHFLGXRXVDQG coniferous trees; VuPn, VuBe; 10 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 50, 52, 57, 62-63, 111; IX-X 2004-2005, 2007-2009. Hebeloma crustuliniforme %XOO 4XpOVO²RQSHDW ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 4 loc.: 1-2, 20, 73; VIII-IX 2007-2008. Hebeloma circinans 4XpO 6DFF> Hebeloma longicaudum 3HUV )U 3.XPPVV-(/DQJH@² on peat and among Sphagnum spp.; VuPn, VuBe; 18 loc.: 7-8, 10, 16, 21, 23, 50, 56, 62-64, 77, 79, 91, 103, 110-111, 129; IX-X 2001-2002, 2004-2009. Hebeloma sacchariolens Quél. – on peat; ErSp, VuBe; 2 loc.: 1, 20; IX-X 2008. Hohenbuehelia atrocoerulea )U )U 6LQJHU²RQGHDGEUDQFKHVRIELUFKVuBe; 4 loc.: 20-21, 61, 63; VIII-IX 2006, 2009. Hygrocybe cantharellus 6FKZHLQ )U 0XUULOO> Hygrocybe lepida Arnolds] – V; on soil; 1 loc.: 2; X 2008. Hygrocybe coccineocrenata 3'2UWRQ 000RVHU²9 RQSHDWDPRQJSphagnum spp.; Cala, EaSp, ErSp, Spma, VuBe; 13 loc.: 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 21-22, 88, 90, 92, 104, 124; VIII-IX 2001-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 627(. et al. Hypholoma capnoides )U )U 3.XPP²RQVWXPSV VuPn; 6 loc.: 2, 7, 20, 52, 63, 78; IX-XI 2006- 2009. Hypholoma elongatum 3HUV 5LFNHQ²5 DPRQJSphagnum spp. and other mosses; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 125 loc.: 1-40, 42-51, 53-97, 100-103, 106-108, 111-121, 123-134; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Hypholoma fasciculare +XGV )U 3.XPPYDUfasciculare – on stumps and trunks of birch; VuPn, VuBe; 20 loc.: 1-2, 7, 10, 13, 21, 41, 45, 52, 61-62, 69, 73, 78-79, 90, 96, 122, 126, 131; VI, VIII-IX 2001, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Hypholoma lateritium 6FKDHII )U 3.XPP²RQVWXPSV VuPn, VuBe; 7 loc.: 20-21, 52, 61, 90, 96, 127; V, IX-X 2005, 2008. Hypholoma myosotis )U )U 0/DQJH> Pholiota myosotis )U )U 6LQJHU@²9 RQSHDWDQG among Sphagnum spp., under willow and birch; VuBe; 3 loc.: 1-2, 108, VIII-IX 2006, 2008. Hypholoma udum 3HUV )U .KQHU²5 RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 123 loc.: 1-23, 26, 28-40, 42, 45, 47-49, 50-59, 61-67, 69-97, 100- 110, 111-134; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Inocybe geophylla )U )U 3.XPP²RQVRLO VuBe; 2 loc.: 1, 45; VIII-IX 2003, 2008. Inocybe lacera )U )U 3.XPPYDUlacera – on soil; VuPn; 5 loc.: 52, 63, 100, 130, 131; IX 2007. Inocybe lanuginosa %XOO )U 3.XPP²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH VuPn, VuBe; 11 loc.: 2, 7-8, 20- 21, 23, 52, 63, 74, 129, 131; IX-X 2001, 2004-2005, 2007-2009. Inocybe napipes -(/DQJH²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp.; Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 17 loc.: 2, 6-8, 10, 21, 23, 56, 63, 89-90, 111, 120, 128-131; IX-X 2001-2009. Kuehneromyces mutabilis 6FKDHII )U 6LQJHU $+6P> Pholiota mutabilis 6FKDHII )U 3 Kumm.] – on stumps; VuBe; 8 loc.: 1-2, 7, 21, 52, 63, 69, 79; VIII-X 2005-2007, 2009. Laccaria amethystina Cooke – on soil; VuBe; 2 loc.: 20-21; IX-X 2005, 2008-2009. Laccaria lacccata 6FRS )U %HUN %URRPH²RQVRLO VuBe; 5 loc.: 1-2, 21, 79, 131; VIII-IX, XI 2004-2005, 2008. Laccaria proxima %RXG 3DW²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp.; Cali, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 121 loc.: 1, 3-18, 20-36, 38, 40-46, 48, 50-54, 56-75, 77-79, 81-97, 100-108, 110-123, 125-134; V-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. /HSLVWDÁDFFLGD 6RZHUE\ )U 3DW²RQVRLO VuPn, VuBe; 11 loc.: 2, 7-8, 20-21, 52, 81, 83, 124, 126, 131; IX-X 2002, 2005. Lichenomphalia umbellifera / )U 5HGKHDG/XW]RQL0RQFDOYR 9LOJDO\V>= Omphalina ericeto- rum )U )U 0/DQJH@²5 RQPRVVHVRIWHQSphagnum spp. and decayed wood or on peaty soil; ErSp, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 24 loc.: 2, 4, 7-10, 13, 16, 20-21, 25, 45, 63, 98-100, 102-103, 110, 124-125, 128-129, 131; VII-X 2001-2002, 2003-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 125 Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. – on soil; VuBe; 4 loc.: 1, 20, 21, 61; VIII-X 2005, 2008-2009. Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff. – on decayed stumps; VuBe; 6 loc.: 2, 20-21, 41, 61, 64, VIII-XI 2005- 2006, 2009. Lyophyllum palustre 3HFN 6LQJHU> Tephrocybe palustris 3HFN 'RQN@²9 RQSphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 132 loc.: 1-40, 42-121, 123-134; V-XI 1999- 2009 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Marasmius epiphyllus 3HUV )U )U²RQOHDYHV EaSp, zbEv; 2 loc.: 12, 16; IX-X 2002-2003; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 0DFURW\SKXODÀVWXORVD +ROPVN 5+3HWHUVHQ [= &ODYDULDGHOSKXVÀVWXORVXV +ROPVN &RUQHU@² R; on dead twigs of birch; VuBe; 5 loc.: 1-2, 21, 45, 61; IX-X 2000, 2005, 2007, 2009. Megacollybia platyphylla 3HUV )U .RWO 3RX]DU²RQZRRG VuBe; 6 loc.: 2, 7, 21, 46, 61, 69; VII- IX 2004-2008. Mycena acicula 6FKDHII 3.XPP²RQVRLODQGDPRQJPRVVHV VuBe; 3 loc.: 2, 7, 52; IX 2005, 2008. Mycena adonis %XOO )U *UD\YDUadonis – R; on peat and among mosses, often Sphagnum spp.; EaSp, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 17 loc.: 1-2, 6-10, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 78-79, 103, 111, 129; IX-XI 2001-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D Mycena cinerella 3.DUVW 3.DUVW²RQOLWWHUDQGDPRQJPRVVHV VuPn; 10 loc.: 2, 7-8, 10, 20-21, 23, 79, 111, 129; X-XI 2001-2002, 2004-2009. Mycena epipterygia 6FRS )U *UD\YDUepipterygia – on litter and among mosses; Cali, EaSp, Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 82 loc.: 1-18, 20-28, 30-36, 38, 41, 43, 45, 46, 49-50, 52, 56-57, 60-64, 68-69, 72-73, 75, 77-79, 91, 98-100, 102-103, 109-111, 115-118, 120-131; IX-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 0\FHQDÀORSHV %XOO )U 3.XPP²RQOLWWHU VuPn; 2 loc.: 20-21; VIII-XI 2005, 2008-2009. Mycena galericulata 6FRS )U *UD\²RQVWXPSVIDOOHQEUDQFKHVDQGWUXQNVRIELUFK ErSp, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 34 loc.: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9-18, 20-21, 24-26, 41, 45-46, 52, 60-61, 63-64, 68-69, 79, 90, 115, 118, 126; VII-XI 1999-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Mycena galopus 3HUV )U 3.XPP²RQOLWWHUDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp.; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 129 loc.: 1- 42, 45, 46, 48-69, 71-134; VIII-XI 2000-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Mycena haematopus 3HUV )U 3.XPP²RQVWXPSVDQGIDOOHQWUXQNVRIELUFK VuBe; 4 loc.: 13, 20-21, 111; VIII-IX 2002, 2005-2006, 2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Mycena megaspora Kauffman [= Mycena permixta %ULW]HOP 6DFF@²9 RQSphagnum spp.; ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 7 loc.: 1-2, 4, 10, 20-21, 72; VIII-IX 2005-2009. Mycena pura 3HUV )U 3.XPP²RQOLWWHU VuBe; 1 loc.: 21; X 2006. Mycena sanguinolenta $OE 6FKZHLQ )U 3.XPP²RQKXPXVDQGOLWWHUEaSp, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 92 loc.: 1-10, 12-18, 20-29, 32-34, 38, 40, 43, 49, 50, 52, 54-57, 61-65, 68, 73-74, 77-79, 81-85, 87-91, 94-96, 100-106, 109, 111-119, 121-131; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Mycena stipata0DDV*HHVW 6FKZ|EHO> Mycena alcalina )U )U 3.XPPVDXFWSS@²RQ decayed branches and stumps of Scots pine; VuPn, VuBe; 9 loc.: 2, 7, 8, 20-21, 52, 63, 83, 122; IX-XI 2002, 2004-2009. Mycena zephirus )U )U 3.XPP²RQSHDWDQGIDOOHQQHHGOHVDPRQJOLWWHUDQGPRVVHV VuPn, VuBe; 15 loc.: 3, 7, 8, 10, 20-21, 41, 45, 52, 61, 63, 69, 83, 90, 118; X-XI 2001, 2004-2009. Mycena vitilis )U 4XpO²RQGHDGIDOOHQWZLJVRIGHFLGXRXVWUHHV ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 8 loc.: 1-2, 20, 53, 61, 63, 69, 115; VIII-XI 2008-2009. Mycena vulgaris 3HUV )U 3.XPP²RQSHDWDQGIDOOHQQHHGOHV ErSp, Spma, VuPn; 10 loc.: 1- 2, 7-9, 20-21, 23, 63, 111; X-XI 2001-2002, 2004-2005, 2007-2009. Nidularia deformis :LOOG )U²5 RQGHFD\HGZRRGDPRQJPRVVHV ORF ; Panaeolus papilionaceus %XOO )U 4XpOYDUpapilionaceus – R; on dung; ErSp; 1 loc.: 2; IX 2008. Panellus mitis 3HUV )U 6LQJHU²RQGHDGWZLJVDQGEUDQFKHV Spma; VuPn; 5 loc.: 3, 7, 10, 52, 115; X-XI 2001-2002, 2004-2005. 126 Phaeomarasmius erinaceus )U )U .KQHU²5 RQGHDGEUDQFKHVRIELUFKDQGZLOORZ VuBe; 21 loc.: 1-3, 5, 12-13, 15, 17-18, 20, 22, 24-27, 34-35, 44-45, 60, 68; VI-X 1999-2002, 2007-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 3KROLRWDÁDPPDQV %DWVFK )U 3.XPP²RQVWXPSV VuPn; 3 loc.: 2, 103, 106; IX 2006-2008. Pluteus cervinus 6FKDHII 3.XPP> Pluteus atricapillus %DWVFK )D\RG@²RQGHFD\LQJVWXPSV and trunks of birch; VuPn, VuBe; 12 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 18, 20-21, 24, 61, 78, 115; VII, IX 2001-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. Psathyrella sphagnicola 0DLUH -)DYUH²RQSphagnum spp.; VuPn; 3 loc.: 101, 102, 103; IX 2006, 2007. Psilocybe coprophila %XOO )U 3.XPP²5 RQGXQJ ErSp, VuBe; 2 loc.: 1-2; IX 2008. Resupinatus trichotis 3HUV 6LQJHU²RQGHFD\HGORJ ORF ; Rhodocollybia butyracea %XOO )U /HQQR[I butyracea – on peat and among mosses; VuPn, VuBe; 10 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 52, 63, 90, 115-116, 118; X-XI 2005-2006, 2008-2009. Rhodocollybia maculata $OE 6FKZHLQ )U 6LQJHUYDUmaculata – on peat; ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 30 loc.: 2, 7, 8, 10, 20, 21, 23, 52, 61, 62-63, 73, 79, 83-84, 87, 89-91, 102, 103, 114-116, 118, 126, 128-129, 130-131; IX-XI 1999, 2001, 2004-2008. Schizophyllum commune Fr.: Fr. – on stumps and branches; VuBe; 15 loc.: 2, 5, 13, 16, 18, 24, 26, 41, 53, 60-61, 63, 69, 79, 115; VIII-XI 1999-2002, 2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Roridomyces rorida 6FRS )U 5H[HU> Mycena rorida 6FRS )U 4XpO@²RQIDOOHQOHDYHVQHHGOHV and twigs; VuPn; 1 loc.: 7; X 2005. Strobilurus tenacellus 3HUV )U 6LQJHU²RQFRQHVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn; 10 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 28, 52, 56, 63, 79, 129; IV-VI 2004-2009. Strobiluru stephanocystis +RUD 6LQJHU²RQFRQHVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn; 7 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 28, 52, 61; IV-V 2005-2009. Stropharia aeruginosa &XUWLV )U 4XpO²RQVRLO VuPn, VuBe; 6 loc.: 2, 7, 21, 62-63, 115; IX 2004- 2005, 2009. Stropharia semiglobata %DWVFK )U 4XpO²RQGXQJ VuBe; 1 loc.: 10; IX 2005. Tapinella panuoides )U )U (- *LOEHUW I panuoides [= Paxillus panuoides )U )U )U@ ² RQ branches and cones of Scots pine; 4 loc.: 3, 79, 83, 90; X 2002. Tricholoma fulvum '& )U 6DFF> 7ULFKRORPDÁDYREUXQQHXP )U 3.XPP@²RQSHDWXQGHU Betula sp.; VuBe; 3 loc.: 1, 21, 61; IX-X 2004-2005, 2007-2009. Tricholomopsis rutilans 6FKDHII )U 6LQJHU²RQVWXPSV VuPn; 6 loc.: 2, 7, 52, 63, 90, 111; IX 2006, 2009. Xeromphalina cauticinalis )U .KQHU HW 0DLUH YDU cauticinalis [= Xeromphalia fellea 0DLUH Malenç.] – among coniferous litter; VuPn; 5 loc.: 2, 52, 63, 102, 104; VIII-IX 2006, 2007. Boletales Chroogomphus rutilus 6FKDHII )U 2.0LOOYDUrutilus – on peat and among mosses; ErSp, VuPn; 16 loc.: 2, 7, 8, 20-21, 23, 52, 88, 94-95, 111, 126, 128-131; IX-X 2001, 2004-2009. Gomphidius roseus )U )U 3.DUVW²5 RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH VuPn, VuBe, 6 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 26, 63; X IX-X 2002, 2004-2005, 2007-2009. Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca :XOIHQ )U 0DLUH²RQSHDW VuPn, VuBe; 9 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 23, 52, 63, 79, 100; IX-XI 2002, 2005-2009. Leccinum niveum )U 5DXVFKHUW > Leccinum holopus 5RVWN :DWOLQJ@ ² 9 RQ SHDW DPRQJ Sphagnum spp., under birch; Cali, Rhal, Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 70 loc.: 1-3, 5-18, 20- 22, 24-28, 33-36, 43, 45, 50, 63-64, 68, 73, 78, 81-82, 84, 86-96, 97, 101, 105, 107, 110-113, 115, 117-120, 127-129, 131-133; VII-X 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Leccinum scabrum %XOO )U *UD\ – on peat, under birch; VuPn, VuBe; 15 loc.: 1-2, 5, 18, 20-21, 26, 29, 38, 45, 52, 63, 69, 123, 126; VIII-XI 2000-2001, 2005-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 127 Leccinum variicolor:DWOLQJ²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp., under birch; VuBe; 3 loc.: 1, 2, 10; IX-X 2006, 2008-2009. Leccinum versipelle )U 6QHOO²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK VuBe; 8 loc.: 1-2, 7, 20, 61, 63, 88, 131; VIII-X 2006-2009. Paxillus involutus %DWVFK )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFKDQG6FRWVSLQH Cali, Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 51 loc.: 2-10, 12-18, 20-23, 25-26, 41, 45, 52, 61-63, 79, 83, 88-91, 94-96, 98-103, 106, 118, 126-131; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Scleroderma citrinum Pers. – on peat and among mosses; VuPn, VuBe; 24 loc.: 2, 7, 8, 10, 13, 20-21, 25, 28, 45-46, 52, 56, 61-63, 79, 88, 107, 115, 123-124, 126-127; VIII-XI 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Suillus bovinus / )U 5RXVVHO²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 41 loc.: 2, 7-8, 10, 13, 20-21, 23, 26, 50, 52, 56, 62-63, 78, 82-90, 95-96, 100, 103, 106, 111-112, 114, 118, 121-122, 126-131; IX-XI 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 6XLOOXVÁDYLGXV )U )U -3UHVO²( RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH ErSp, Spma, VuPn; 15 loc.: 10, 15, 20-21, 23, 82, 89, 90, 102, 111-112, 128-131; IX-X 2001-2005, 2007-2009. Suillus variegatus 6Z )U .XQW]H²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH Cali, Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 62 loc.: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12-15, 17-18, 20-23, 25-26, 28, 50, 52, 56-57, 62-67, 73, 78, 81-85, 87-91, 95-96, 98, 100, 102-103, 109, 111-115, 118, 120-121, 126-127, 129, 131; VIII-X 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Tylopilus felleus %XOO )U 3.DUVW²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH VuBe; 6 loc.: 2, 20, 21, 52, 63, 111; IX-X 2006-2009. Xerocomus parasiticus %XOO )U 4XpO²5 RQScleroderma citrinum Pers.; VuPn, VuBe; 4 loc.: 2, 20-21, 25; IX-X 2002, 2005, 2009. Cantharellales Clavulina coralloides / -6FKU|W [= Clavulina cristata +ROPVN -6FKU|W@²RQVRLO VuBe; 2 loc.: 20-21; X 2006-2007. Geastrales Sphaerobolus stellatus Tode – on decayed wood; VuPn; 5 loc.: 2, 7, 20, 24, 61; IX-XI 2002, 2004, 2007, 2009. Gomphales Ramaria stricta 3HUV 4XpO²RQGHFD\HGORJVRIELUFK VuBe; 2 loc.: 1, 21; IX-X 2004, 2007-2009. Hymenochaetales Hymenochaete tabacina 6RZHUE\ /pY²5 RQGHDGDQGOLYLQJWUXQNVRIZLOORZ ORF 13, 16-18, 24, 26-28, 36, 45, 60, 68, 129; IV-XI 2000-2002, 2007-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Inonotus obliquus )U 3LOiW – R, §; on dead and living trunks of birch; VuBe; 6 loc.: 1-2, 7, 20, 52, 61; IV-XI 2004-2009. 5LFNHQHOODÀEXOD %XOO )U 5DLWKHOK²RQPRVVHV Cali, EaSp, Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 79 loc.: 1-13, 15-16, 18, 20-28, 36-38, 39-41, 45-46, 49-50, 52, 60-64, 66, 68, 72-75, 77-79, 81-84, 87- 91, 94-96, 101-103, 105, 109-111, 114-118, 125, 126, 129-131; VIII-XI 2000-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Polyporales Bjerkandera adusta :LOOG 3.DUVW²RQGHDGDQGG\LQJZRRG VuBe; 14 loc.: 1-2, 7, 20-21, 41, 45-46, 52, 61, 64, 114-115, 124; V-XI 2001, 2005-2009. Daedaleopsis confragosa %ROWRQ -6FKU|W²RQGHDGWUXQNVRIELUFKDQGRQMyrica gale / VuBe; 33 loc.: 1-2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12-18, 20-21, 24-26, 41, 45-46, 50, 52-53, 60-61, 64, 68-69, 96, 111, 118, 129; IV-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 128 Fomes fomentarius / --.LFN[²RQEUDQFKHVDQGWUXQNVRIELUFK VuPn, VuBe; 45 loc.: 1-3, 5, 7, 10, 12-14, 17-18, 20-21, 24, 26, 29, 35, 38, 41, 45-46, 50, 52, 56-57, 60-64, 69, 73, 78-79, 91, 111, 115-116, 118, 126-131; III-XI 1999-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Fomitopsis pinicola 6Z 3.DUVW²RQORJVDQGGHDGWUXQNVRIELUFKDQG6FRWVSLQHVuPn; 22 loc.: 2, 7, 13, 20, 29, 46, 52, 61-63, 79, 90-91, 111, 115-116, 118, 127-131; IV-XI 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Phaeolus schweinitzii )U 3DW²RQURRWVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn; 1 loc.: 7; IV-XI 2004-2006. Phlebia radiata Fr. – on stumps; VuBe; 15 loc.: 1-2, 13, 16, 20-21, 41, 45-46, 52, 61, 63-64, 115, 124; XI 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Phlebia tremellosa 6FKUDG %XUGV 1DNDVRQH – on decayed trunks of birch; VuBe; 13 loc.: 1-2, 7, 10, 13, 20-21, 45, 61, 69, 90, 118, 126; VIII-XI 1999-2002, 2004-2008; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Piptoporus betulinus %XOO 3.DUVW²RQWUXQNVDQGORJVRIELUFK ]EEv, Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 65 loc.: 1-3, 5, 7-8, 10, 12-14, 16-18, 20-21, 24-29, 34-36, 38-39, 41, 45-46, 48, 50-53, 56-57, 60-64, 68-69, 73, 78-79, 88-91, 111-112, 115-116, 118, 121-124, 126-131; IV-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Polyporus ciliatus Fr. – on twigs of birch; VuPn, VuBe; 17 loc.: 1-2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20-21, 26, 41, 45, 73, 78, 115; V-VI, IX-X 2000-2006; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Postia caesia 6FKUDG 3.DUVW> Oligoporus caesius 6FKUDG *LOE 5\YDUGHQ@²RQGHDGRUGH- cayed branches of Scots pine; VuPn; 8 loc.: 2, 7-8, 20, 23, 52, 63, 115; VI-XI 2001, 2008-2009. Sparassis crispa :XOIHQ )U²5 RQURRWVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn: 2 loc.: 7, 84; IX 2004-2006. Trametes hirsuta :XOIHQ 3LOiW²RQIDOOHQEUDQFKHVRIELUFK ErSp, VuPn, VuBe; 22 loc.: 2-3, 5, 7, 13, 16, 18, 20-21, 26, 46, 52, 61, 69, 79, 81, 90, 115, 121-122, 126, 129; IV-XI 2000-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Trametes versicolor / 3LOiW²RQVWXPSVDQGIDOOHQEUDQFKHVRIELUFK VuBe; 12 loc.: 1, 2, 7, 13, 28, 41, 50, 52, 61, 64, 69, 115; IV-XI 2002, 2005-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Trichaptum abietinum 3HUV 5\YDUGHQ²RQVWXPSVDQGGHFD\HGORJVRI6FRWVSLQH ErSp, VuBe; 13 loc.: 2-3, 5, 8-9, 12-14, 26, 28, 46, 63, 109; III-XI 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (KUHQE 5\YDUGHQ – on stumps and fallen logs of Scots pine; Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 13 loc.: 6-7, 10, 20-21, 23, 46, 52, 61-62, 115, 126, 130; IV-XI 2002-2006. Russulales Auriscalpium vulgare Gray – on cones of Scots pine; VuBe, VuPn; 23 loc.: 1-3, 7, 20-21, 50, 52, 57, 61- 62, 79, 115-116, 118, 121-122, 126-131; IV-XI 2001, 2004-2009. Heterobasidion annosum )U %UHI²RQVWXPSVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn; 3 loc.: 2, 7, 52; IV-XI 2005-2006, 2008-2009. Lactarius deliciosus / )U *UD\²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH VuPn, VuBe; 4 loc.: 20-21, 89, 90; IX 2005-2008. Lactarius glyciosmus )U )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK Cala, Cali, EaSp, zbEv, VuBe; 31 loc.: 1-3, 5, 7, 10, 12-18, 20, 22, 24-27, 35-36, 38, 43, 45, 60, 63-64, 78, 113, 118, 123; VIII-X 2000-2005, 2007-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Lactarius helvus )U )U )U²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp., under Scots pine; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 98 loc.: 1-31, 33, 38, 43, 45, 48, 50-52, 56-57, 60-68, 73, 78-79, 81-96, 99, 101-106, 109-123, 126-131, 134; VII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Lactarius lacunarum Hora – E; on peat, under birch and alder: VuBe; 1 loc.: 20; IX 2008. Lactarius necator (%XOO )U 3HUV²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK VuPn, VuBe; 22 loc.: 1-2, 7, 20-21, 28, 45, 50, 52, 61, 63, 69, 73, 88, 106, 118, 123, 127-131; IX 2004-2009. Lactarius pubescens 6FKUDG )U²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK VuBe; 6 loc.: 1, 7, 21, 45, 61, 63; IX-X 2001, 2004-2009. 129 Lactarius rufus 6FRS )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 51 loc.: 3, 5-8, 10, 12-14, 17-18, 21-26, 43, 50, 52, 57, 62-63, 78-79, 82-84, 87, 90-91, 98, 100, 102-103, 107, 109, 111-112, 115-116, 118, 120-122, 126-131; VII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Lactarius tabidus Fr. [= Lactarius theiogalus %XOO )U *UD\VDXFW@²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphag- num spp., under birch; Cali, Rhal, EaSp, Cala, Caro, ErSp, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 79 loc.: 1-3, 5, 7-18, 20-22, 24-29, 33-35, 38, 43, 45, 50, 52, 53, 60-61, 63-64, 69, 73-72, 78-79, 81-82, 84, 86-91, 100, 102- 113, 115-120, 123-124, 126-131; VIII-X 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Lactarius vietus )U )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 11 loc.: 1-2, 6-8, 10, 12, 21, 63, 111, 129; VIII-XI 2002-2006, 2008-2009. Lentinellus cochleatus 3HUV )U 3.DUVW²RQVWXPSV VuBe; 3 loc.: 20, 21, 63; IX 2004, 2007-2008. Peniophora cinerea 3HUV &RRNH²RQGHDGWZLJVRIELUFK VuBe: 9 loc.: 1, 2, 7, 21, 41, 45, 61, 63, 129; VI-XI 2000, 2004, 2008-2009. Russula aeruginea/LQGEODG²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK VuBe; 8 loc.: 1-2, 7, 21, 45, 61, 64, 115; IX-X 2001, 2004-2009. Russula betularum Hora – on peat, under birch; ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 30 loc.: 1, 2, 5-12, 14, 16-18, 20-21, 29, 41, 45, 61, 63-64, 97, 102-103, 108, 110-111, 126, 131; VIII-IX 2000-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. 5XVVXODFODURÁDYD Grove – on peat, under birch; Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 15 loc.: 1-2, 6-7, 10, 16, 20-21, 45, 61, 63, 64, 73, 88, 115; VIII-X 2000-2009. Russula decolorans )U )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHU Scots pine; Spma, VuPn, VuBe; 18 loc.: 7-8, 21-20, 23, 63, 97, 103-108, 110, 89-90, 111, 127; IX-X 2001-2003, 2005-2007, 2009. Russula emetica 6FKDHII )U 3HUVVO²RQSHDWDQGDPRQJSphagnum spp., under Scots pine; Cali, EaSp, Cala, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 57 loc.: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12-15, 17, 20-26, 28, 52, 57, 61-63, 78, 85, 89-91, 94-96, 97, 100, 102-104, 107, 110, 111-116, 118, 121, 122, 126-131; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 627(. et al. 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. Russula fragilis 3HUV )U )U²RQSHDWXQGHUELUFK VuBe; 3 loc.: 2, 7, 21, IX-X 2004-2006, 2008. Russula ochroleuca Pers. – on soil; 4 loc.: 52, 103, 104, 110; VIII-IX 2006. Russula paludosa Britzelm. – on peat, under Scots pine; ErSp, Spma, VuPn; 13 loc.: 2, 6-8, 10, 20, 23, 52, 63, 84, 90, 103, 127; IX-X 2000-2006, 2008-2009. Russula xerampelina 6FKDHII )UVVWU²RQSHDWXQGHU6FRWVSLQH ErSp, VuPn; 10 loc.: 2, 7-8, 20- 21, 23, 52, 61, 103, 118; IX-X 2000-2001, 2004-2006, 2008-2009. Stereum hirsutum :LOOG *UD\ – on fallen and decayed branches of birch; VuPn; VuBe; 14 loc.: 1, 2, 5, 7, 14, 18, 20-21, 26, 41, 46, 61, 63, 115; V-X 2000-2002, 2004-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. Stereum rugosum 3HUV )U²RQVWXPSVRIELUFK VuBe; 6 loc.: 1-2, 7, 20, 61, 115; IV-XI 2006-2009. Stereum sanguinolentum $OE 6FKZHLQ )U²RQIDOOHQDQGGHFD\HGEUDQFKHVRI6FRWVSLQH VuPn; 8 loc.: 2, 7, 20-21, 28, 52, 63, 115; IV-XI 2004-2009. Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar – on fallen trunks and branches; VuBe; 5 loc.: 1-2, 20-21, 63; VI-XI 2006-2009. Thelephorales Thelephora terrestris Ehrh. – on peat, among Sphagnum spp., on stems of Carex sp., Eriophorum sp. and Typha sp.; EaSp, ErSp, Spma, zbEv, VuPn, VuBe; 83 loc.: 2-3, 5, 7-15, 18, 20-29, 36-38, 45, 50-52, 56-57, 60-68, 72-74, 77-79, 81-82, 84-85, 87-91, 93-96, 100, 102-103, 106, 109, 112-113, 115-118, 120- 131; VIII-XI 1999-2009; 67$6,Ĕ6.$ 627(. D 67$6,Ĕ6.$ et al. 130 Appendix 3 Cartogram maps of distribution of macroscopic fungi of raised and transitional bogs in Pomerania 131 Last published volumes of Monographiae Botanicae (ISSN 0077 0655) Vol. 80; 1997 Agnieszka POPIELA. Zbiorowiska namułkowe z klasy Isoëto Nanojuncetea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943 w Polsce [Occurrence of the Isoëto Nanojuncetea class communities in Poland]. ISBN 83 86292 05 9. Vol. 81; 1997 Wiesław FAŁTYNOWICZ. Porosty głazów narzutowych Parków Krajobrazowych Trójmiejskiego i Kaszubskiego [The lichen flora on the erratic blocks in the Trójmiejski Landscape Park and Kaszubski Landscape Park (Northern Poland)]. ISBN 83 86292 06 7. Vol. 82; 1998 Jan HOLEKSA. Rozpad drzewostanu i odnowienie świerka a struktura i dynamika karpackiego boru górnoreglowego [Breakdown of tree stand and spruce regeneration versus structure and dynamics of a Carpathian subalpine spruce forest]. ISBN 83 86292 07 5. Vol. 83; 1998 Janusz NOWAK. Porosty Beskidów Wyspowego i Ż ywieckiego, Pasma Jałowca i Masywu Babiej Góry [The lichens (lichenized fungi) occurrence in the Beskid Wyspowy, Beskid Żywiecki and Pasmo Jałowca Ranges, and the Babia Góra Massif]. ISBN 83 86292 08 3. Vol. 84; 1998 Ludwik LIPNICKI. Kształtowanie się flor porostów na podłożach o cechach pionierskich [Formation of lichen flora on pioneer substrates]. ISBN 83 86292 09 1. Vol. 85; 1999 Praca zbiorowa. Roślinność Bolimowskiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Vegetation of the Bolimów Landscape Park]. ISBN 83 86292 15 6. Vol. 86; 1999 Barbara JUŚKIEWICZ. Fitocenozy Spergulo morisonii Corynephoretum canescentis na Pojezierzu Mazurskim [Phytocoenoses of Spergulo morisonii Corynephoretum canescentis in Mazurian Lakeland]. ISBN 83 86292 16 4. Vol. 87; 2000 Dan WOŁKOWYCKI. Różnicowanie i ujednolicanie się flor ruderalnych w warunkach izolacji środowiskowej [Differentiation and unification of ruderal floras in environmental isolation conditions]. ISBN 83 86292 17 2. Vol. 88; 2000 Małgorzata JANKOWSKA BŁASZCZUK. Zróżnicowanie banków nasion w naturalnych i antropogenicznie przekształconych zbiorowiskach leśnych [Diversity of soil seed banks in natural and man modified forest communities]. ISBN 83 86292 18 0. Vol. 89; 2001 Dorota MICHALSKA HEJDUK. Stan obecny i kierunki zmian roślinności nieleśnej Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego [Current state and directions of change of non forest vegetation of the Kampinos National Park]. ISBN 83 86292 19 9. Vol. 90; 2002 Andrzej CHLEBICKI. Biogeographic relationships between fungi and selected glacial relict plants. The use of host fungus data as an aid to plant geography on the basis of material from Europe, Greenland and northern Asia. ISBN 83 86292 62 8. Vol. 91; 2003 Praca zbiorowa. Zagrożenie porostów w Polsce [The threat to lichens in Poland]. ISBN 83 86292 63 6. Vol. 92; 2003 Vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and lichenicolous fungi in the Bolimów Landscape Park: Janina JAKUBOWSKA GABARA, Leszek KUCHARSKI and Aurelia U. WARCHOLIŃ SKA Vascular plants in the Bolimów Landscape Park; Anna SANDERSKA, Ewa FILIPIAK and Włodzimierz PISAREK Bryophytes in the Bolimów Landscape Park; Krystyna CZYŻ EWSKA Lichens and lichenicolous fungi in the Bolimów Landscape Park. ISBN 83 86292 64 4. Vol. 93; 2004 Maria ŁAWRYNOWICZ, Anna BUJAKIEWICZ and Wiesław MUŁENKO. Mycocoenological studies in Poland 1952 2002. ISBN 83 86292 65 2. Vol. 94; 2005 Postglacial vegetation changes in the development of raised mires in Poland. Joint publication. ISBN 83 86292 66 0. Vol. 95; 2005 Agata WOŁCZAŃ SKA. Grzyby z rodzaju Ramularia występujące w Polsce [The Ramularia species in Poland]. ISBN 83 86292 67 9. Vol. 96; 2006 Małgorzata RUSZKIEWICZ MICHALSKA. Mikroskopijne grzyby pasożytnicze w zbiorowiskach roślinnych Wyżyny Częstochowskiej [Phytoparasitic micromycetes in plant communities of the Wyżyna Częstochowska Upland]. ISBN 83 86292 68 7. Vol. 97; 2007 Janusz ŁUSZCZYŃ SKI. Diversity of Basidiomycetes in various ecosystems of the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. ISBN 978 83 86292 69 1. Vol. 98; 2008 Agnieszka BUDYŚ. The synanthropisation of vascular plant flora of mires in the coastal zone (Kashubian Coastal Region, N Poland) range, reasons for, and spatial characteristics. ISBN 978 83 86292 70 7. Vol. 99; 2009 Izabela KAŁUCKA. Macrofungi in the secondary succession on the abandoned farmland near the Białowieża old growth forest. ISBN 978 83 86292 71 7. Vol. 100; 2010 Grzegorz PACYNA and Danuta ZDEBSKA. Upper carboniferous seed fern (Pteridospermophyta) pollen organs from Silesia (Poland). ISBN 978 83 86292 72 1. ISSN 0077-0655 ISBN 978-83-86292-73-8