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1. SEA WATER WAY - INLAND) SECTIO\ (SWINO.JSCIIE- SZCZECIN LAIGOON) 2. PORTMAREAOFX KAT1OW'ICKI I'lPEN'ISl,.\ AND GIABOW!SKI IS lAND E-300

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SZCZECIN, December 1999 I PROGRAMME OF MODERNISATION OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE SZCZECIN - SWINOUJCIE PORT INFRASTRUCTURE -ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT-

1. SEA WNATERW"AY- INLAND PART (SWINOUJSCIE - THE SZCZECIN LAGOON) 2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PORT INFRASTRUCTURE ON THIE KATOWICKI PENINSULA AND OSTROW GRABOWSKI ISLAND

1. SUMMARY

A safe Szczecin - Swinoujscie sea waterway - as regards navigation - is an inseparable element that enables operation of the port in Szczecin. Keeping of the sea waterway passing through the north passage, The Szczecin Lagoon, the lower Odra River up to Szczecin in operational and navigational conditions requires constant maintenance of the hydraulic engineering structures - and - with increasing tonnage (linear and volume overall dimensions) of the vessels making the port of Szczecin, changing structure and magnitude of stevedoring - quick modemisation of the most important elements of the Szczecin - Swinoujgcie Port Complex. The elements that should be modernised and developed as first are indicated on Fig. 1 - the sea waterway on the inland stretch as well as development of the port infrastructure in the areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostr6w Grabowski. The needs in both scopes are greater, however, for the Report on Environmental Assessment only those that fulfil the specified economic, social, social engineering and environmental requirements - expressed as developmental forecasts in the regional plan of spatial development - have been chosen.

2. MODERNISA TION CONDITIONS 2.1. Strategic conditions of tfie investment The port infrastructure modemisation programme (north passage of the waterway through Mielinski and Piastowski Canals and the port zones on the Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostr6w Grabowski) is an increase of the operational efficiency of the main Polish ports - the Ports of Gdansk, Gdynia and Szczecin - Swinouj§cie Port Complex. The modemisation

-2 - consists in creation of technical conditionsfor the authentic competition of ports in winning over users, shipowners,carriers, etc. both form private and state sectors. In relation to the above, legal opportunitiesfor safe operation of the port are to be created through realisation of two infrastructure elements of the Szczecin - §winouj§cie port:

1. Modernisation of the sea waterway in its north passage through the Mielinski Canal and Piastowski Canal, and mouth to the I" Fairway Gate in the Szczecin Lagoon. 2. Modernisation of the port zones on the Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostrow Grabowski with carrying out of the indispensable warehouse - storage areas, quays, basins as well as access roads (land transport) linked to the network of international (S-3), national and regional roads.

The projects composing the package entitled "Modemisation of the elements of the Szczecin - §winouj§cie port infrastructure" are inseparable, as the port of Szczecin cannot operate normally without efficient and navigationally safe waterway that connects the port with the Baltic Sea. The proposed project anticipates modernisation and development of the port infrastructure in the zones of both Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostr6w Grabowski, which makes sense only when there are investors having properly equipped port quays, warehouse areas, manoeuvring yards and patent connections of the port - as the transport junction - road connections (railway and motor) with the network of land roads of international importance. Those investments are therefore of strategic importance for the international users (Czech Republic, Germany and countries of the former USSR), Polish users as well as for the West Pomeranian Region. Therefore the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Poland - that treats those investment actions of the Maritime Office in Szczecin and the Szczecin - Swinoujgcie Port Authority JSC as the key actions for the present and the future bulk shipping that passes through the port - is the guarantee for the loan from the World Bank.

2.1.1. Environmental strategic context of the investment

Poland - with its long coastline - uses it to the best of its ability -among other things- for the purposes of economic and ecological sea transport - which is extremely important with the strong competition on the sea transport market both all over the world an in the EU. This is an alternative transport offer for increasing number of bulk commodities in relation to the land

-3 - motor transport that strongly influences the natural land environment (phytocenosis, zoocenosis), the landscape virtues and safety of residents. Transport of such significant amount of bulk commodities with sea - going vessels, trains of inland and sea barges significantly reduces the environmental hazard both in the land and the water. Catastrophes and failures cannot be excluded, of course, in the port areas or the waterway - but they are under better and more efficient supervision of well-organised special services of the Maritime Office - the institution acting for the order of the Szczecin - Swinoujgcie Port Authority, and the Environmental Inspectorate. serving constant regional and state monitoring as well as special services capable of removal of the results of those catastrophes in the administered areas with established status of legal and administrative responsibility.

2.2. Operational conditions of the Szczecin - Swinoujscie Port Complex JSC

The Szczecin - Swinoujscie Port Complex (one of the two port centres in Poland) is situated over the Baltic Sea, in the estuary of the Odra River, one of the two main rivers in Poland. Except the Odra River -which is the inland navigation lane connected with the system of the German waterways - Szczecin has got convenient connections of railway and motor traffic both with the domestic hinterland and foreign hinterland, and in this - the Szczecin - Berlin motorway.

The port of Szczecin is connected with the Baltic Sea by the Szczecin - Swinoujscie waterwEay. The waterway allows for sailing of vessels with the following maximum parameters: length of 160 metres with draught of 9.15 metres or length of 206 metres and draught of 8.15 metres - which corresponds with fully loaded vessel of 15,000 - 16,000 DWT of carrying capacity or partly loaded vessel of 20,000 - 25,000 DWT of carrying capacity.

The traffic systems of that area are as follows: - sea waterway from the north through the West Odra and MieleniskiDitch; - inland waterway from the south (West Odra and Regalica rivers) with access canals within Miedzyodrze;

- railway connections from the south with system of series of 'stub' railway sidings, without possibility of circumferential traffic;

- access road connections within the east - west system with the network of internal roads;

-4 - - the Szczecin - Swinoujscie port serves mainly the Polish foreign trade.

The service of the Polishtrade turnover makes more than 90 % of the port turnover. The west part of Poland is a natural hinterland of the port in the country. There are also places of dispatch and receipt from the central and east regions, however, the east region tends mainly to the ports of Gdansk and Gdynia. The Szczecin - Swinoujgcie Port also partly serves the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Hungary as well as the east Lands of Germany. Most of the transit stevedoring (outside Poland) varies from 1 to 1.5 million tonnes per year. The last two years have showed stabilisation of the magnitude of stevedoring with exception of general cargo. The decrease in general cargo stevedoring can be mainly attributed to the lack of specialised port potential for servicing of containers. The present stevedoring capacity of the Szczecin - gwinoujgcie Port Authority JSC at the port of Szczecin exceeds 17 million tonnes per year (Fig. 2). However, those are mainly the capacities in the group of commodities such as coal and ore that show decreasing tendencies (table 3z). Stevedoring of general cargo has got the lowest reserves of stevedoring capacity and storage capacity. Stevedoringof bulk cargo in containersis the especiallyhandicapped group. Therefore the modernisation of the technological potential of the port - and in particular in the scope of general cargo with the new stevedoring technologies - is at present a crucial task for the Szczecind Swinoujgcie poll Authority JSC. The elaborated forecasts accordingly confirm that stevedoring in Szczecin until the year of 2010 will reach 15 - 16 million tonnes and. will be specified by: * strengthening of the growing tendency of general cargo stevedoring that will make the main subject of the Polish barter as the result of restructuring of the industry and its adjustment to the international division of labour. The ro-ro stevedoring of general cargo will be predominant at the port of Szczecin, and in this mainly in containers. In the scope of general cargo it is expected that in the year of 2010, stevedoring will amount to 3.5 million tonnes, and in this 35000 TEU in containers * progress in "industrialisation" of the port of Szczecin connected with the use of the duty- fee zones form that develops import and export of comnmoditieswith seaways.

In order to be up to those tasks both the Maritime Office in Szczecin and the Szczecin - Swinoujscie Port Authority JSC must modernise and develop the port infrastructure (preparation of areas and quays) to create conditions for further investment by

-5 - independent entities that will rent the areas and run their own stevedoring - warehousing activity along with possible processing, and strictly ensure the safety of navigationon the sea waterway for all the vessels and sea barges, and in particular for the units served at the port of Szczecin.

60 000- / 'o 0 "40 000--- ,g" 20 000-,.s )

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FIG. 2 STEVEDORING OF THE PORT IN SZCZECIN YEARS OF 1985 - 1998 (IN THOUSAND TONNES)

2.3. Administrative conditions

The superior aim of the modernisation of the infrastructure elements of the Szczecin - Swinoujscie port complex is to create technical possibilities of port operation both in relation to the patency, navigation safety and warehousing and stevedoring functions at the trouble spots of the transport junction that the port is. In the "Strategy of the West Pomeranian Region" project , elaborated at the Marshall's Office, many attention is dedicated to the economic development of the region and - in particular - opening for the maritime economy, and in this - strengthening of the port significance in the industrial and transport infrastructures. Therefore the designed modernisation of the infrastructure of the Szczecin - Swinoujscie port infrastructure, both in the actions in the port areas and the waterway harmonise with the proposed strategy - they are to be especially supported as a lot of care is

-6 - paid to the problems related to maintainingof the smallestman's pressure on the environment in the strategy and in the modemisationactivities. All the stages of the investment shall be executed in the areas or water regions belonging to the Treasury and administered by the Maritime Office in Szczecin that - making use of its rights - shall be the body that grants decisions on conditions of building and land development. The regulations of MARPOL Convention are in force on the fairway that makes the sea waterway and in the port areas. At present, in the areas adjacent to the planned investments, the Szczecin - §winouj9cie Part Authority has located sewage treatment plant

and in the 2nd quarter it shall commission an oiled water treatment plant.

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The first element of the investment,i.e. the sea waterway concerningthe fairway is of linear character as relates to the stretch with the length of 10 - 12 km and breadth of approximately 500 m along the inland part of the sea waterway, from the Pomeranian Bay to the port in Szczecin, regulation of the fairway from the I" Fairway Gate up to Szczecin (broadening up to 1 10 m) with passing place, carrying out of central turning basin in Swinoujscie, reconstruction of the lt Fairway Gate. Assumptions to the investment project concern the construction of the bank protection of the Mieliniski and Piastowski Canals (kilometre 4.900 - 18.000) as well as reconstruction of damaged breakwaters in the place of transition of the Piastowski Canal into Szczecin Lagoon.

The second element of the investment in the infrastructure of the Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostr6w Grabowski concerns direct development of the infrastructure in the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostr6w Grabowski with tasks of equipping the free areas of the Katowicki Peninsula with bank protections, quays for vessels and barges, dredging of port canals near those hydraulic engineering structures and modernisation of

access roads (Clowa Street) and - in relation to the island of Ostr6w Grabowski - construction of hydraulic engineering structures (quays and ro-ro ramps), dredging of the canal near those structures, carrying out of water - sewage system, power supply system and essentialroad traffic route.

On the Katowicki Peninsula, along the Regalica River there will be three vessel quays carried out with total length of 570 metres, a barge quay with length of 345 metres and a dolphin

7 - landing stage, bank protections on the distance of about 600 metres, dredging of fairways in the Parnica River (500 m) and Regalica River (600 m) as well as modernisationof 400 metres of the Clowa Street. On the island of Ostrow Grabowskithere will be a vessel quay carried out with length of 442 metres, ramp for ro-ro vessels, 80 metres long transientquay, bank protection, dredgingworks (400000m' of spoil),construction of 1000 metres long two-lane road.

4. BASIC DATA 4.1. Sea waterway- inzlandstretch (Swinoujscie- Szczecin Lagoon)

In relation to the sea waterway, i.e. the fairway lying in one of the straits of the Szczecin Lagoon - Swina River, and from the I't Fairway Gate to up to Szczecin, there have been carried out numerous site investigationsand hydrologicaland biological research as well as model simulations deternining the range and influence of the investment on the abiotic componentsof the ecosystemof the Odra River estuary. Hydrology,and in particularthe hydraulicsof the Odra River estuary, is well documentedby long - term data from the measuring points of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management,measuring network of the Maritime Office in Szczecin, as well as the Hydro- engineering Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. There has been carried out a research on the mathematicalmodels taking into account the specificsof the hydraulics of the water system of the estuary, concerningthe alternatives of the geometry of the modemised fairway with taking into considerationthe influenceon the hydraulic strictness of the Lagoon and of the straits connectingthe Lagoon with the Baltic Sea. The applied mathematicalmodel allows for simulation of forecasts concerningthe range, type and magnitude of influence of the project on the water systemof the Odra River estuary.There has been prepared a separate navigational analysis of the vessel traffic on the fairway with taking into account the risk theory. assumingimprovement of the traffic safety that unambiguouslyshowed the possibility of increase in fairway capacity with assumed parameters of modemnisationof the sea waterway.

4.2. Development of the infrastructure in the area of Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostroiv Grabowski

-8 - The location of the infrastructure in the areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski - and in particular designed port hydraulic engineering structures - concerns south - west parts of the Ostr6w Grabowski, north - east part of the Lasztownia Island and east part of the port in the vicinity of G6rniczy Basin, located in the industrial part of the city, which are not in vicinity of the residential part of Szczecin. (fig. 3 and 4).

On the Katowicki Peninsula there is planned - as mentioned in chapter 3 - development of the port infrastructure, adjacent to the Regalica River (East Odra river), the Gorniczy Basin and Parnica River, on the area of about 160000 m2. This is a flooded river low plain with the datum of 0.2 - 0.6 m, composed of organic warps, peat, and dusty humus clays, that will be treated with overstressing backfill dumped up to the level of about 3 metres above the sea level and that will settle to the level of 2 metres above the sea level. The backfill will be made of silting spoil (about 220000 mi3 ) from the dredging works on the Parnica River and Regalica River, and will cause increase in load of pollution and deleterious substances in the reflux from the silting carried off to the surface waters (they cannot exceed the values permitted by the Polish Standards). Clearance of about 400 trees is expected here (10 - 70 years old self-sown plants of birch, poplar and willow not presenting any special natural virtues) and nearly 2000 shrubs of grey willow that is an enclave occupied by numerous land fowls as well as water fowls present in the zone of river rushes. However this area will not be completely stripped off - there is expected nearly 10 % of the area to be left with local plant society. Development of the infrastructure mentioned in chapter 3, on the area of 162000 m2 composed of organic soil - peat, humus and made ground will be carried out on the Ostr6w CTrabowski.The missing formation lines require to be completed by backfilling with the spoil 3 from the works on dredging of the fairway, in the amount of 190000 m - up to the essential ground level. The run-off of waters from the areas comprised by the silting works will cause temporary carrying away of pollution load and deleterious substances in the reflux from the silting (thev cannot exceed the values permitted by the Polish Standards). Flora and fauna in that area do not have any valuable elements and any other virtues that require protection. At present, a part of the area is made available for allotment gardens, also several families live there (they are expected to be re-housed) and the rest of the area is an undeveloped wasteland.

9- 4.3. Traffic routes of the modernised infrastructure of the Szczecin - Swinoujscie Port

4.3.1. Ostr6w Grabowski - traffic

Ostrdw Grabowski is situated in the central part of the port of Szczecin and has got almost not built up areas. It adjoins the port and industrial buildings from the south and from the west.

4.3.1.1. By seaway

The area provided for development is located over the Debicki Basin, which on its west side has got the Czeskie Quay and the Slowackie Quay (the first one also with ramp for servicing in ro-ro system.). The Debicki Basin has got a connection through the short Grabowski Canal with the main access lane from the Baltic Sea (via gwinoujgcie) with depth of 10.5 m. The samnedepth is also on the access to the Czeskie Quay and the Slowackie Quay. In the confines of the realisation of the new infrastructure, such depth will be also at the new quays, i.e. ro-ro and lo-lo. This guarantees access to the quays by vessels, so called representative of the port of Szczecin. with the following parameters:

A/ -ro-rovessel type:

- deadweight capacity 10 000 - 11 000 t --draught 7.5 - 8.0 m- =length 130 - 140 m -breadth 18 - 20 m

B / container vessels. semicontainer vessels, general cargo vessels: deadweight capacity up to 15000 - 16000 t (with full vessel cargoes) -draught up to 9.15 m -length up to 170 m breadth 24 m The construction of terminal will cause only relatively insignificant broadening of the Dqbroxiecki Basin and development of the south part of the east bank.

- 10 - 4.3.1.2. By inland waterway

The Debicki Basin has got water connections both with the West Odra River and East Odra River (Regalica River) that make the beginning of the inland waterway to Germanv (Berlin) and also to the south of Poland. At present, the Odra Waterway in its lower course is of the III-rd class of the European waterway classification. As a target, the "Odra 2006" programme provides for obtaining the Vb class in the lower course and a minimum of III-rd class in the middle and upper course of the river. At present, barges of 2000 t deadweight capacity are used in the traffic within the limits of the ports of the Odra River estuary. Barges of 500 / 600 t deadweight capacity sail on the Odra River. Construction of the new terminal will not cause any changes to the existing system of inland waterways.

4.3.1.2.1. Railway connections

There is an existing group of SpD delivery - acceptance railway tracks from where the train sets are placed to all the quays of the Lasztownia area within the distance of about 1 kilometre from the region of the future quays. therailway connection offte new areas on the Ostrow Grabowski is expected to be obtained threoughcarrying out of the track line towards the Ostr6w irom the existing access track to the SpD group. This will enable placement of trains to the Ostrow Grabowski directly from the SpB group located in the south part of Gdanska Street and Parnica River, without necessity of pulling into the SpD group. The new access track to the zone of the south part of Ostrow Grabowski is a part of te range of the discussed undertakingas one of the elements of the future port infrastructure. Construction of new connections of land traffic (railway in this) will require clearance of about 450 trees of relatively low value and liquidation of temporary gardening allotments. Note: For improvement of the railway connection wi the whole area of Lasztownia and Ostrow Grabowski there will be erected (also with co-financing by the World Bank) a new bridge over Gdanska Street and a bridge over Parnica River for carrying out of the second access track to SpD and to the Ostr6w Grabowski. All those traffic intentions are included in

- 11 - the plan of spatial developmentfor the port of Szczecin and encompassedby the forecast of the effects of the decisions of that plan on the envirornent.

4.3.1.2.2. Road connections

At present, access to the Ewa Peninsula and Ostrow Grabowski is quite burdensome (winding and narrow). Therefore - with co-financing by the World Bank - the construction of non- collision connection of Gdanska Street with Hryniewieckiego Street, over the Parnica River has been already started. This connection will radically shorten and facilitate road access to that port. area with Ostr6w Grabowski inclusive. In the confmes of the discussed undertaking - as yet - one lane will be carried out and only on the south section of the target road. That road - with two lanes as a target - will pass through the whole of Ostrow Grabowski with a fork to Ostr6w Mieleniski. Construction of the initial section of the access road to Ostr6w Grabowski will require - with railway access -clearance of about 450 trees of relatively low value and liquidation of temporary gardening allotments.

4.3.2. Katowicki Peninsula - traffic

The Katowicki Peninsula is located in the east part of the Port of Szczecin. The areas considered for development into basic port infrastructure are located in the north - east part of the peninsula. The considered area - except the Katowickie Dalby dolphin landing stage designed for reconstruction and modemisation - is totally undeveloped. That area adjoins in its west - south part the area of G6miczy Basin (Katowickie Quay, Chorzowskie Quay, Gliwickie Quay and other) - active and of great significance to the port. The traffic connections are as follows:

4.3.2.1. Seaway

The area of the Katowicki Peninsula designed for equipping with the basic port infrastructure - and in the further course - for development, is located between the water regions of G6miczy Basin, Duiiczyca River and Regalica River.

- 12 - A direct and the most convenientconnection of the Baltic Sea with the Port of Szczecin leads to the GorniczyBasin. The connectionis ensuredby the Szczecin- Swinoujsciefairway with depth of 10.5 m and that reaches the area of GorniczyBasin as the MieleniskiDitch. A short approach will be carried out - as an extension (arm) of the main access lane to the designed D4browieckie Quay. As the result, vessels with draft of up to 9.15 m and following parameters (for full vessel cargoes) will be able to approach the reconstructed Katowickie Dalby Quay and DaWbrowieckieQuay with technical depths of 10.5 m (pernissible - 11.5 m):

- bulk cargo vessels up to about 20 thousandDWT (L=170m, B=24 m, T=9.15m) - tankers up to about 16 thousandDWT (L=165m, B=22 m, T =9.15 m)

- general cargo vessels up to about 15 - 16 thousand DWT (L=165 m, B=22 m, T = 9.15 m) and for the vessels with incomplete cargo - even with much greater parameters. However, the following quays are expected to be constructed along the Regalica River: Kujawskie I Quay and Kujawskie II Quay with technical depths of 8.0 m (permissible - 9.0 m) that will allow for servicing of vessels with full cargo and with the following parameters: - general cargo vessels (traditional) up to about 6 thousand DWT (L=125 m, B= 14.5 m, T= 7.5 m)

- ro-ro general cargo vessels up to about 8 - 9 thousand DWT (L=120 m, B=16 m, T=7.5 m)

Those quays will be located along the bank of the Regalica River that at the same time makes an approach fairway to the Regalica Quay (with depth of 7.0 m), located south of the designed quays. Adaptation of the existing navigable water regions for servicing of the new quays will require dredging and broadening of the existing waterways at the stretch of about 1.8 km and of the turning basin (at the point of contact of Duriczyca River and Regalica River). Increasing of the parameters will not be relatively large, however it is recommended to carry out simulation research in order to determine possible effects of changes in the strictness of hydraulics of the discussed water regions to prevent - or at least to minimise - the negative effects of changes in flow that may possibly occur within close or further distances. As the result of dreading works some 360 000 m3 of spoil will be produced, which will be disposed of to the dump field indicated by the Maritime Office (one should expect it to be in

- 13- the north - east part of Ostr6w Grabowski). Due to the fact that the discussed spoil is going to be taken from the least frequented port area and not from the port basins, it is very likely not to be contaminated.

4.3.2.2. Inland lane

The new quays (and in this special barge quays co-operating with the vessel quays) will be located in the most convenient place for the inland navigation. Each of them will be located - if not directly - then at the closest distance to the Regalica River, which makes the most convenient fairway upstream the Odra River. Further connections and plans for the future - same as for Ostrow Grabowski. Construction of the new quays will not cause any changes to the existing system of inland waterways but will only increase its use.

4.3.2.2.1. Railway connections

Siding tracks are brought to the Katowicki Peninsula from the SpA delivery - acceptance group, located behind so called Wiadukt Czajkowskiego (Czajkowskiego Bridge) south of Gdanska Street. The track system on the Peninsula is developed and there are numerous possibilities of construction of new railway branches to any part of the newly developed areas and to the back-up facilities of the new quays. Construction of new approaches and railway sidings will not require any additional clearanc e of trees or removal of greenery.

4.3.2.2.2' Road connections

The Katowicki Peninsula has got its own, functional system of access roads with Clowa Street as its axis. Further development of access roads poses no difficulty. Due to the bad technical condition, the north section of Clowa Street will be subject to repair and modemisation (broadening). At present, only the access to the Peninsula from the city and exit to t]he easterly direction (significant as it is towards the Berlin motorway and other exit roads) poses difficulties. This results from the lack of non-collision entryway and exist roads from / to Gdanska Street - the main transit road between the left and the right banks of Szczecin. However, this situation

- 14 - will soon be subject to significant improvement as the erection of the new bridge over the Regalica River is advanced (co-financed by the World Bank), with non-collision connections with entryway / exit to / from Clowa Street on the Katowicki Peninsula. Development of the traffic system on the Katowicki Peninsula will not cause any negative impact on tlhe environment.

5.0. CONDITION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL VIRTUES OF THE ODRA RIVER ESTUARY

The river valleys, due to the combination of ecological factors reigning there are extremely valuable areas as far as natural aspect is concerned. Multidirectivity of ecological factors causes creation of unique plant societies and plant communities that are accompanied by peculiar fauna. At the same time large river valleys create natural ecological corridors connecting similar areas, very often located far from each other. Those corridors are a natural way of migration and distribution not only of the species of plants and animals but - as a consequence - of entire plant associations. Any human interference into that natural ecosystem causes irreparable losses not only over the river itself and its water environment but also in the adjacent areas. The Odra estuary as qualitatively and spatially differentiated ecosystem is preserved at the particular stretches in different degree of naturalness. Undoubtedly, the most valuable fragment is the lower course of the river, starting from Gozdowice through the areas of the whole Miedzyodrze to the estuary stretch to the Baltic Sea. Thanks to those perfectly preserved numerous fragments of natural flora - as a whole - it has still great natural value, especially in comparison with the rivers of the west Europe.

5.1. Geographical location, geological and climate conditions of the area of the designed modern isation of the Szczecin - Swinoujscie part infrastructure

According to the physical - geographical division of Poland, the region where the Szczecin - Swinoujkcie port complex is situated, is rated to the mid-European lowland and when taking smaller regional unit - to the south Baltic coastland. The physical - geographical location determines concrete conditions of the natural environment as a whole of the co-acting components, such as climate, terrain configuration, water conditions, geological conditions.

- 15 - The hills of Szczecin, morainic plateau, Odra River valley and formations of marginal lakes emerge as the morphological units in the Szczecin area.

The port area is fully located within the limits of one geomorphological unit, i.e. in the valley of lower Odra, on the flood plain and partly in the edge portion of the valley by the West Odra River. There are fine Holocene river sands in the bed of the valley, built up with organogenic deposits (peat and warps). The flood plain ascends to the height of 0.1 - 1.0 metres above sea level, and by the superstructure of embankments even up to 5 metres above the sea level. The roof of the sandy series underlying the swamp deposits - as a rule - occurs at the depth of 6 - 9 m below sea level, and in the south part, 3 - 6 m below sea level. Organic soils superficially occurring, not developed with consolidating embankments are not suitable for direct foundation of any engineering objects. They are characterised by the presence of shallow level underground water with fluctuation amplitude corresponding with the state of surface waters. As a rule, those waters are aggressive to the concrete and steel. Loose iiver grounds occurring in the substrate of non-carrying organic grounds, in the roof portions are loose grounds, and only at the depth of 8- 10 metres, they belong to the medium compacted grounds. The layer of those grounds makes the actual zone of indirect foundation of the edge portion of the Odra valley; there are - of course - cohesive glacial soils (clays). A shortcoming of that zone, that makes the foundation works and operation of heavy hydraulic engineering structures difficult, is the occurrence of silty soils with strongly disordered structure. The presence of that soils along with irregular seeping of underground water causes creation of landslides and mudflows. Outside the zone susceptible to mass wasting on the slopes, the cohesive soils - as hard plastic to the firm - are carrying grounds, useful for foundation of engineering structures of different types.

Considerable areas of the port, located within the limits of hardly accessible terrain can be treated with embankments consolidating weakly-carrying organic substrate. The embanbments made of the local mineral material with depth over 4 metres, deposited for longer period of time may consolidate the organic substrate in a way sufficient for foundation of light engineering structures.

The Szczecin Pomerania belongs - as regards climate - to the Baltic domain, and the oceanic influence, stronger than in other parts of Poland, is its specific feature. Influence of the Baltic

16- Sea is characterisedby outstanding warming up in the winter and there is chillier in the summer. This general background of the Baltic domain is disturbed by: local terrain configuration and location in relation to the sea - which make differences allowing for separationof climaticprovinces. The physiographicalconditions exert stronginfluence on the local climatic relations but forming and onerousnessof weather conditions is related to the presence of bigger industrialplants and urban agglomerationsin the region.

The climate of the north - west limits of Poland has the most of the oceanic features but the influencesof the continentalclimate of eastern Europe are here - in relation to other regions of Poland - the smallest.Almost all year long, the maritime-polarair mass inflows from over the Atlantic, causing rnild winters (average temperature in January - approx. -1 0C in Swinoujgcie)and chilly summers (average temperature in July - approx. + 170C). Winter lasts for about one month. The annual rainfallsare relatively small,they vary within the range of about 600 mm. The winter temperaturesare of great significancefor the sea transport, due to the possible icing of the navigation routes. The icy phenomena, making the navigation difficult are to be consideredin the followingregions: 1) Swinouj§cie-roads (PomeranianBay) 2) Swinoujscie- port

The maximum icing periods are: 137 days for gwinoujscie, 136 days for Szczecin, and 70 days on averagefor the West Pomerania.

The element of the climate that has important,however negative influence on the navigation and port activity, is frequent fogs. The biggest number of foggy days occurs in the autumn, the smallest in the late spring and summer.Dense fog causes difficulties in navigation and can make the port operation completelyimpossible. Fogs on the Szczecin Lagoon occur 50 - 60 days per year on average.

Winds and water waving strongly influence the operationof the sea transport on the sea and internal waters within Odra estuary limits. In the region of the Szczecin - Swinoujscie port complex, winds from the north sectors are definitely predominant. Storm winds (above 8°B) depend almost exclusivelyon the passage of strong cyclonic systemsover the Baltic Sea from over the Atlantic. Storm winds, cloggingthe Baltic waters even up to 3.5 metres damage the coast, particularly the cliff coast, wash out dune stones, damage hydraulic engineering

-17- installations, and breakwaters in particular, as well as bank protections in the ports. Strong storm winds force the mass of water into the Szczecin Lagoon, and even reach the lower Odra However, the storm waves appear at our coast relatively seldom - once per 6 - 7 years, and they are particularly catastrophic each 17 years. Storm winds as well as winds with smaller power, blowing from the northerly direction and westerly direction cause large waving of the waters in the Szczecin Lagoon, which makes the navigation of sea going vessels difficult or even impossible. At the same time, the seawaters encroaching into the Szczecin Lagoon through its straits cause backwaters when interbedding of salty waters up to Szczecin or even Widuchowa takes place. The current that forms at that time carries the material from the straits and deposits it in the Lagoon.

5.2. General characteristics of the water dynamics in the Odra River estuary

Majewski (1972) rates the system of the Odra River estuarine waters to the estuarine waters of rn-rd order where the characteristic feature is small participation of sea waters in the hydrologic processes. The sea originating backwaters connected with bank-full stages of waters appear only during the periods of strong discharge from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. Th reasons for their formning are strong winds from the N, NNW and NW directions. Most often, those two types of backwaters occur together, disrupting nornal hydrologic svstem zmd hydrochemical system in the Odra River estuary for certain period of time.

Discharges of sea waters from the Pomeranian Bay through the Odra straits of Piana, Swina and Dziwna, caused by anemobarometric phenomena are a very sudden process connected with storms and very dangerous for the planned investment and - as Majewski (1972) states - the flows of water were as follows in the years of 1951 - 1960: . In November: 587 m3/s, * In December: 555 m3/s.

3 * In January: 584 m /s.

* In February:250 m3 /s * In March: - 173 m3/s. * In April: 189 m3/s.

* In May: 161 m3 /s. . In June: 235 m3/s.

3 * In July: 244 m /s

- 18- * In August 266 m3/s * In September 476 m3/s. * In October 551 m3/s

At the time of backwaters there is an opportunity for movement of fresh and sea waters but mainly for carrying away of strongly polluted waters out of the by-estuarial zone, stagnating out of the main river stream and out of the DakbieLake and the Szczecin Lagoon. It has been stated that in the particular years the backwaters were the reason of flow stoppage on the West Odra River (at the level of Pomorzany district) even from 30 % to 40 % (Buchholz, 1984). It should be clearly stated that the hydrologic conditions - and especially the dynamics of the waters of the lower course of the Odra River - in particular in the port basins - depend on the amount of water flowing with the river before the place of Widuchowa. According to Mikulski (1970) and Buchholz (1984), the annual flow of Odra waters is not stabilised and is characterised by high changeability. The lowest records of Odra River flow in the area of the place of Gozdowice are 133 m3 /s and the maximum can reach up to 3500 m3/s. Adopting - according to Mikulski (1970) - that 35 % of waters flows with the Odra River, the mean values will be therefore 185 m3/s, the lowest 47 m /s and the highest 875 m3/s. As the same author states, the mean decade flows of the Odra River were as follows: years 1901 - 1910 606 m3/s (SNQ) 1951 - 1960 460 m3/s (SNQ) 1961 - 1970 551 m3 /s (SNQ) from which approximately 60 % falls on the winter half of the year and 40 % on the summer half of the year. The highest run-off of waters takes place usually in the early spring with the maximum in April (Mikulski 1970).

According to Piotrowicz (1973), the average mean monthly flows of many years of the Odra River, in the decade of 1961 - i970, in the region of the place of Gozdowice were as follows:

Month> | April |May | June September | November m31s 976 775 450 438 476

The author estimates the flow for 35 % for the West Odra River, i.e.:

- i9- Month> April May June September |November m'/s 343 271 158 153 167

The author states that in the decade of 1962 - 1970, the mean average flow was 620 rn3s. As the experts estimate. during the disastrous flood in 1997, the mean flow at that time was about 3200 m3/s. Hence the conclusion that the period of measurements, number of rainfalls, magnitude of backwater and its range, and the place of measurement cause significant differences in the given values of mean flows for such complex hydrologic system as the estuary of the Odra River is.

5.3. Conidition of thte non-living environment and quality of water in the Odra estuary

5.3.1. Condition of surface water within the limits of Szczecin agglomeration

SzczeciLn,the biggest city in the region is at present devoid of efficient system of removal and treatment of waste water, which causes almost all the waste water load from the left bank and most from the right bank runs off to the surface water without treatment. At present, the waste water in the amount of 169308 m3 per year is carried off the city of Szczecin. The number of residents exceeds 450 thousand and meanwhile the waste water from the left bank inhabited by 330 thousand residents runs off to the West Odra River and its tributary, the Bukowa River, almost without treatment, and on the right bank, inhabited by almost 100 thousand residents, the waste water runs off to the Regalica River and to the Dabie Lake. The left bank of Szczecin is served by'drainage basins of combined sewage system with GG6mvBrzeg", "Dolny Brzeg" and "Grab6w" waste water treatment plants, constructed already before the year of 1930, where the technology of treatment is limited to removal of screenirigs, sand traps. "Reinsh-Wurfa" rotational shield sieves and mechanical intermediate pumping station that disposes of the waste water treated with that method to the Odra River. The capacity of those waste water treatment plants is 30 - 50 000 m3 per day. The northem and the westem housing estates pipe off the waste water to the storm water drainage and further to the Odra River or the Bukowa River. Half of the waste water form the sewered areas olfthe right bank of Szczecin is piped away to the new "Zdroje" waste water treatment plant; the housing estates of Dabie, Podjuchy and Plonia have got mechanical waste water

- 20 - treatment plant. There is a concept in the investment plants to carry out sewage system and several minor - as regards the area - waste water treatment plants (and not a central one): "Pomorzany" with flow capacity of about 75000 m3 per day - serving the area of the present -G6rnv Brzeg" waste water treatment plant i. "Drzetowo" with flow capacity of about 80000 m3 per dav - serving the existing waste water treatment plants of "Dolny Brzeg" and "Grab6w" 2. "Stolczyn" with flow capacity of about 10000 m3 per day - serving the northern districts of Szczecin, the surroundings of "Huta Szczecin" steelworks and "Skolwin" paper factory. 3. For the port areas of Miedzvodrze, "Ostr6w Grabowski" biological waste water treatment plant has been commissioned 4. A mechanical - biological treatment plant has been commissioned

*"PKP - Port Centralny" and the treatment plants of: -"Podjuchy" for the housing estates of Klucz, Podjuchy and Zydowce o"Plonia" for the housing estates of Plonia, gmierdnica and Jezierzyce *"Wielgowo" for the housing estates of Wielgowo, Slawociesze and Zdunowo (Bartosinski 1994, Pieczyfiski 1994).

According to Pieczyniski (1994), the left bank (west) of Szczecin, pipes off the combined sewage system:

.organic load 48 t BOD5 / day, i.e. nearly 17 500 t BOD5 Iyear -N general, about 9 t N / day, i.e. about 3300 t N / year *P general, about 2.2. t PIt / day, i.e. about 800 t Ptot/ year

The above data does not include waste water from the sugar factory, paper factory and steelworks.

The same source states that the right bank at present pipes off 35000 m3 / day, and in this:

.organic load 12 t BOD5 / day, i.e. nearly 4300 t BOD5 / year .N general, about 2.3 t N / day, i.e. about 850 t N / year *P general, about 0.4. t P,Ot/ day, i.e. about 150 t P,to/ year

The above data does not include waste water from the "Wiskord" factory.

-21 - The area of Miedzyodrze connected with the industrial - port area, at present pipes off about 10000 nO3/ day of waste water, and in this:

*organic load 2.5 t BOD5 i day, i.e. nearly 750 t BOD5 / year

The Odra River, entering the city limits is of II-rd class of cleanliness without bacterial pollution taken into consideration. The municipal waste water pipes away to the Odra waters the load of organic, biogenic and bacterial pollution that are conveyed to the Szczecin Lagoon where further eutrophication processes take place, often leading to the state of polytrophy. The Szczecin Lagoon functions as an reservoir where organic and non-organic suspension from the Odra River catchment is deposited. The Szczecin Lagoon and the waters of thle West Odra River in Szczecin and the Regalica River (those are interior sea waters) are determined by the Helsinki Committee on the map of Baltic waters pollution emitters as so called 'Hot Spot".

According to Landsberg - Uczciwek, in the report on the condition of environment IOS (1999) the flowing surface water and especially the Odra waters and waters of its tributaries are classified according to the Decree of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry from the 5th of November 1991, in relation to the basic parameters such as: organic matter (02, BOD5, oxygen consumption. COD), mineral matter (chlorides, sulphates, solutes, conductivity), suspended matter, biogenic element (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds), specific substances (heavy metals, detergents, phenols), bacterial contamination (coli titre of faeces type), in the year of 1998 have been improved almost reachiing the III-rd class of water cleanliness in all indicators.

Contamination with organic matter in 1998 allows for classifying the flowing surface water of the lower course of the Odra river as the 11-ndand the III-rd class of cleanliness. The mineral matter in the majority of the inspection sections corresponded with the standards for the I-st and lI-nd class of cleanliness (in the Odra River) and the contents of the suspended matter classified those waters within the standard limits of I-st - IlI-rd classes. The biogenic element in more than half of the inspection points showed contents exceeding the III-rd class of cleanlirness. The rivers of Odra and Plonia are the rivers that were most loaded with biogenic elements in 1998. The group of contamination rated among specific did not show contents exceeding the standard level, indicating contamination of the rivers with those elements. According to the Table l, the worst results in the classification, concerned the index of

- 22 - sanitary condition and almost everywhere they showed high exceedance of the current standards:

Measuring point Water cleanliness class acc. to indexes physical chemistry Bacteriological River km class index Class Odra 645.3 Exceeded P. general Exceeded 662.0 Exceeded P. general Exceeded 690.0 Exceeded P. general Exceeded 701.8 Exceeded P. general Exceeded East Odra 719.0 Exceeded P. general Exceeded West Odra 14.6 Exceeded as above Exceeded 51.1 Exceeded N& P. Exceeded general Ina 10.2 Exceeded as above Exceeded Plonia 43.5 Exceeded P, P. org. Exceeded 33.2 Exceeded as above Exceeded 24.0 III P. general m 0.9 Exceeded N & P. general Exceeded Gowienica 0.2 Exceeded as above m Tvwa 38.6 II N & P. org. m1 3.0 M COD,N,P. org. Exceeded

The quality of the Odra waters deteriorates witiin the limits of Szczecin, and the estuary stretch of the Odra River in Roztoka and the Szczecin Lagoon fulfil the role of a natural biological waste water treatment plant. This fact is reflected in differentiation of biological life of the waters within the limits of Miedzyodrze, the City of Szczecin and the Szczecin Lagoon as well as the Swina and Dziwna straits and in the Pomeranian Bay itself.

5.3.2. Condition of waters and the environment within the limits of the Dqbie Lake

The Dqbie Lake is situated at the mouth of the of the Odra River near Szczecin and the east arm of the Odra River, called Regalica, flows through it. This is a reservoir with the area of about 52 km2 - the fourth in the rank of the biggest lakes in Poland. The lake due to its

- 23 - connection with the port of Szczecin is particularly dependent on the condition of environment and especially on the pollution emitted in the port area and waters of the port canals. The maximum depth of the lake is about 6.8 metres and 2.8 metres on average. The volume of that reservoir is specified for 150000000 m3 .

Two arms of the Regalica river flow into the lake from the west. The main bed of the Regalica River goes parallel to the banks of the Bay and flows into the lake through wide mouth called Mienia. The isles that separate Mienia are low, with marshy ground, muddy bed, heavily unshaven with bushes and alder. The rushes consist of reed thickets, sedge with petals of water thymes and many other hydrophites.

The Plonia River flows into the lake from the south - east near the district of Dabie. The bed of the lPlonia River reaches width up to a dozen or so metres and carries plenty of water. There is a fishermen haven in Dabie district, near the mouth of the river. There are bays along the south banks where yacht havens of Dabie are situated. The east bank consists of marshy meadows, drained with system of ditches, with the main one called Chelszcz4ca - extremely valuable area for plants and marsh and water fauna. North of the place of Bystra the fields of Lubczynskie Legi stretch, drained down to the place of Lubczyna where a fishermen haven is also situated. Further of that place, down to the place of Inoujscie, also with a fishermen haven, low, marshy and taken by meadows areas, crossed with numerous drainage ditches. Those areas adjoin numerous alder thickets. The west banks of the lake are also extremely important as regards the nature, the more so because they are inaccessible for people as they are separated from the mainland with the West Odra River. A series of islands stretch between the bed of the West Odra River and the lake. Most of them emerged as the result of silt disposal, and those islands are: Zurawia, Mewia, Kacza, Debina, Czamo1eka, Radolin, Gryfia, Grodzka, Zielona, Ostr6w Grabowski, Wielka Kepa, Ostr6w Mieleniski, Mieleniska Lqka, Ptasi Ostr6w, Ostr6w Wegorzy, Sadlinskie Laki, Ostr6w Czapli, Pucka. Most of those islands are not inhabited, some of them - as Gryfia - are occupied by the Szczecin shipyard. The rest of the islands in majority belong to the Commune of Szczecin but the island of Ostr6w Grabowski is used by the developed port of Szczecin and private owners of garden allotments. They are also partly inhabited - as the Pucka Island and the island of Ostr6w Grabowski. In majority those islands are covered with willow and alder riverside carrs as well as with water flora - sedge, reed and bulrush strips.

- 24 - Betweenthe bed of the West Odra River and the East Odra River (Regalica) flowing into the Dabie lake there are islands divided with numerous canals and passes, cross-cuts and port basins creating unique water network used by man for a long time, but also by the unique fauna an flora of the water and marshy areas. Small number of bridge crossings connecting the islands with the land is characteristic here (with exception of part areas on the island of Ostrow Grabowski) but the whole water system is easily accessible for the inland navigation, yachting, water tourism, and on the fairway and port basins - for sea going vessels. The east arm of the Odra River - Regalica - carries great number of pollution that forms between the areas of Miedzyodrze and the Dabie Lake - which makes the water in the lake strongly euthrophed and - regardless of that - due to its hydrological conditions is susceptible to the contamination forming as the result of sporadic discharges, floods and backwaters. The transparency of the water in the lake does not exceed 1 metre, which indicates strong euthropic processes the reservoir is subject to all year long. The canals and cross-cuts that connect the lake with the West Odra ease circulation of contamination and also enable the natural processes of refreshing (backwaters, floods). The water system connected by canals is at the same time an easy and quick way for possible disastrous spills of toxic substances and oil derivatives from the port of Szczecin almost directly to the lake.

The situation of possible migration of dangerous and toxic substances to the lake is worsened by the strong winds occurring for most of the year that push the waters from the West Odra River to the lake from the west side. At the time of storms the stage of water in the Szczecin Lagoon, in the Odra River and in the lake itself significantly increases. The most frequent water rises resulting from the sea backwater are 0.5 - 1.0 m. However, with the south winds the stage of the lake falls by about 30 - 40 cm and the long-term deposited contamination is then carried away to the Szczecin Lagoon and further to the Pomeranian Bay. Thanks to those windy phenomena, the amplitude of lake water fluctuations can reach 1.4 m, which is of importance for the nature of that reservoir and easiness of anthropogenic deterioration of its virtues. During those fluctuations the adjoining meadows are subject to flooding. As the observations show, the spring and July floods raise the water level of the Dabie Lake to insignificant degree - except the disastrous ones as that in 1997. At that the lake fulfilled a positive role of a natural storage reservoir.

-25 - 5.3.3. Condition of the environment and the quality of watersin the Szczecin Lagoon

There are quality changes of water existing in the Szczecin Lagoon that show its slow deterioration. As the catchment area of the Odra River makes 91.5 % of the whole catchment area of the Szczecin Lagoon. it is obvious that the quality of its waters is definitely influenced by the quality of waters of the lower Odra catchment area (Table 2). As it has been shown above, the quality of the flowing surface water that feeds the Szczecin Lagoon, basically forns the quality of its waters. It is considered that the components of the water balance in the

SzczecirLLagoon are as follows: mean inflow of river waters is 15 km3 per year, inflow of sea waters is; 7.5 km3 (they make 98 % altogether). The rainfall balance is estimated for 0.55 kn3 per year and evaporation for 0.77 km3 per year. The annual inflow from the Odra River makes by volume approximately 97 % of all inflows to the Szczecin Lagoon.

Table 2. Area, volume and average depth of the Szczecin Lagoon

Water region Area Volume Average depth

k |% kmn3 | % M GTeatLagoon 409.7 59.6 1.5569 60.4 3,8 Small Lagoon 277.2 40.4 1.0256 39.6 3,7 Piana 163.9 100 1.5569 100 2,6 Swina 13.2 1.0256 4,3 Dziwna 45.7 0.0900 1,8 Total: 909.7 5.2550

The Odra River brings into Roztoka Odrzafiska the contamination from the upper course of the river. the urban agglomeration of Szczecin, the port and the ZCh "Police" chemical plant. The Lagoon is fed with waste water by the river waters of Ina, Gowienica and Krepa rivers as well as by the municipal waste water of the town of Wolin and the town of Miedzyzdroje (via Wicko Male Lake). Table No. 3 shows mean values of contamination loads of many years, carried away to the Szczecin Lagoon.

- 26 - Table 3. Summary of mean amounts of the main contaminants brought into the Szczecin Lagoon on the Polish side (Mutko 1994).

Flow4*~rate BD 5 , COD~j COD Susp. Phosphor- Nitrogen Other (Mn) (Cr) matter us rn?/day kg/day kg/day kg/day kg/ day Kg/ day kg/ day

Inflowof riverwaters Odra 21513600 63097 219758 396835 101110 89281

95.3 74.0 86.7 86.5 . 64.4 84.6 Ina 411264 4154 7485 14805 304 1830 1.8 1.88 2.95 3.23 .1.94 1.74 Gowienica 57888 174 654 _ 1100 17 173 0.26 0.08 0.26 0.24 0.1 0.164 Szczecin agglomeration - municipal waste water 147196 42157 17955 89581 30521 2465 11484 Phenol 0.65 19.1 7.1 6.65 16.9 10.9 595 Szczecin agglomeration - industrial waste water 78688 9507 6688 17973 7979 J 461 1564 1Zinc 0.35 j 4.3 j 2.6 J 1.74 2.94 1.48 100 ZCh ,,Police" chemical plant

354200 - 1 - 1 - 7010 20751 671 Fluor

1.54 _ 1 . _ 1.53 13.2 ]0.63 1578 Directsources of contamination M. f 4680 [1324 435 |1986 440 70 1 281 T 0.02 0.6 j 0.17 J 0.09 0.45 j 0.27 Altogether 22567516 220413 Ž597 458690 15693, 105284 100 I 100 1 100 I

As Mutko estimates (1994) on the basis of the multi-annual data, 74 % of the organic matter expressed in BOD5, 60 % of phosphorus and nearly 85 % of nitrogen flows with the Odra River to the Szczecin Lagoon. Concentration of the significant contamination of the water in the Szczecin Lagoon proved fulfilling of the requirements for the I-st or the III-rd class of cleanliness. Large number of biogenic elements brought by the Odra River caused characteristic, intense water blooming.

-27 - 5.3.4. Conditionof the environment and the quality of waters in the Pomeranian Bay

The Odra estuary comprises the Pomeranian Bay, which is one of the shallowest water regions of the south Baltic (from the Arkona Peninsula to the town of Kolobrzeg). That water region has changeable physical - chemical and biological conditions which is typical in those places where the quality of bay waters is influenced both by the sea water and the fresh inland water inflow into the Baltic Sea from the three straits of Piana, Dziwna and Swina. By limiting only to the coastal zone of the Pomeranian Bay (i.e. exclusive fishing zone) one has to state ihat this is a shallow strip of waters with high degree of eutrophication of allochtonous type. The oxygen conditions in the Pomeranian Bay are balanced due to the shallowness of the water region. During the period of phytoplankton blooming (April, June and July), supersaturation with oxygen is even observed in the superficial layer, and in the bottom no

oxygen deficiency is present. BOD5, indicating organic overload is not high, within the range

of 1 - 1.5 mg/l 02- Salinity of the superficial waters was approximately 6 0/00 on average, and

of the bottom water approximately 7.5 6 O/. In the recent years a decrease in the amount of orthophosphates has been observed, from 0.052 P mg/l P in 1990 to 0.030 mg/l P in 1994 on average, and in the bottom layer from 0.041 in 1990 to 0.026 mg/l P in 1994. In relation to the last years, increase in the nitrates concentratioii has been clearly seen - as the result of large run-offs from the ground (conveyance of compounds from artificial fertilisers, highest in April and May - from 0.11 mg/l N in 1990 to 0.51 mg/l N in 1994 in the superficial layer and from 0.08 mg/l N in 1990 to 0.28 mg/l N in 1994 in the bottom layer. High pH concentration and low transparency always correlated with phytoplankton blooming. The biggest blooming took place in the spring from April to May (1" peak) and in the summer from June to

September (2nd peak). The sanitary condition of the Pomeranian Lagoon is good and within the PWI' standards.

- 28 - 5.4. Natural Amenities of the Odra Estuary

River valleys are very valuable areas in respect of the nature. Diversity of ecological factors results in the development of unique plant communities and assemblages accompanied by the particular fauna. At the same time, the large river valleys make natural ecological corridors connecting similar areas very often located very far away from each other. These corridors are a natural route for wanderings and expansion not only for plant and animal species but as a result of this, for the whole phytocenoses. Any human interferences into this natural ecosystem bring about irreparable losses not only on the river itself and in its water environment but also in the adjoining areas. Lower (Lower) Odra as a natural ecosystem is preserved to a different degree on the particular stretches of its course. Undoubtedly, the most valuable part is the stretch of lower course starting from Gozdowice, through the areas of Miqdzyodrze, to the river-mouth stretch to the Baltic Sea. Thanks to many of those excellently preserved fragments of natural vegetation cover, as a whole, it still has a great natural value, especially in comparison with the rivers of the Western Europe.

5.4.1 Overall Characteristicof the Flora.

The current state of the Odra River Valley examination is very uneven. The best known in this respect is Lower Odra, first of all the Wolin island and the planned national park of the Lower Odra River Valley together with the whole Miedzyodrze making its part. There is an almost complete floral and phytosociological recognition for those regions. Lower Odra isn't classified among the florally amplest territories of Poland. The number of species recorded there doesn't exceed 500. However, it is an important migratory route for various species, both from the southern mountain regions downstream and in the north-westerly direction, as well as for the Atlantic and Subarctic, xerothermic, halophilous or neophvtic species. From among the mountain elements, one can undoubtedly reckon as the floral curiosities connected with the Lower Odra River Valley: Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Blechnum spicatum, Sambucus racemosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Phyteuma orbiculare, Geranium phaeum. Veronica montana, Polygonatum verticillatum, Avenastrum planiculme, Scilla bifolia, Salvia glutinosa , etc. The other group utilising Odra as the migration route are the Atlantic and Subatlantic species. To such species, occurring at dissipated positions, belong: Erica tetralix, Elatine

-29 - hexandra, Elatine triandra, Galium sexatile, Pilularia globulifera, Chrysosplenium oppositiJrolium,Lonicera peryclimenum, Myrica gale, Osmunda regalis. A separate and very curious group of plants make the xerothermic Mediterranean species. They occur at the warm borders of the Valley where they find optimum developmnentalconditions. Among such very often met or having here the only positions in the country are: Quercus pubescens, Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum, Anthericum liliago, Stipa pennata, Stipa capillata, Stipajoanis, Dorycnium herbaceum and other. The peculiarity of the Odra River flora consists in the existence of some halophilous species connected exclusively or almost exclusively with the said region. Such species having their only positions in Poland in the area of the Szczecin Lagoon are: Atriplex calotheca, Oenanthe lachenalii, Plantago coronopus, Puccinellia maritima. These are rare species, recorded in the register of ,.Red List of Poland's Flora". Their occurrence at the river-mouth of Odra is connected with the geographical limits of these plants, as well as with the Baltic Sea salinity. The foreign origin plants coming from the Western Europe are wandering through the Odra River valley. One should classify among such Impatiens glandualifera = I. Roylei which has become with time a natural part of the riverside forests growing on the numerous islands of the DaebskieLake region, or a new recently recorded species of Impatiens capensis. Variety of habitats in the Odra River Valley results in the diversity of plant assemblages. Here occur both halophilous, aquatic, marshland, peatland, meadow, xerothermic, sand-dune assemblages as well as the woodland, brushwood and segetal assemblages connected with the agricultural activity of the man. From among many plant associations occurring there, we can include as curiosities the followillg:

- assemblages of halophilous vegetation: Junco-Samoletum zalerandi, Soncho- Archangelicetum litoralis, Atriplicetum litoralis; - assemblages of aquatic and marshland vegetation: Riccietum fluitantis, Spirodello- Salvinietum natantis, Nymphoidetum paltatae, Potamogetonetumfiliformis; - Assemblages of peatland and meadow vegetation: Caricetum buxbaumii, Leerisio- Bidentetum, Aegopodio-Patasetetum hybrydi; - Assemblages of xerothermic and dune vegetation: Potentillo-Stipetum, Thalictro- Sulvietum, Silenootitis-Festucetum, Festuco psammophilae-Koelerietum glaucae;

-30 - Assemblages of woodland and brushwood vegetation: Ribo nigri-Altnetum, Salici- Populetum, Ficario-Ulmetum, Galio-Carpinetum, Peryclimeno-Quercetum, Lithospermo-Quertecum subboreale.

5.4.2 Overall Characteristic of the Land Fauna and Hydrobionts

The Lower Odra River Valley is a unique faunal area. By reason of its nature, this is the place where chiefly occur animals connected with the marshland, wetland and aquatic habitats. Therefore,the dominatingspecific group of animals occurningthere are chiefly birds, hydrobiontsand fishes.

5.4.2.1 Overall Characteristic of the Fauna and Flora in the area of the Dqbskie Lake.

The biggest wealth of the D4bskie Lake are undoubtedlythe hydrobionts- both aquatic phytocenoses.and animal assemblages. Thanks to the large area of the Lake and easy conditions of fishing, here are obtained considerable amounts of freshwater fishes such as breams, roaches,pike perches, pikes and rapfens.

Plant associationsform assemblages,which can be includedamong the following:

- Assemblages of aquatic and marshland vegetation: Riccietum fluitantis, Spirodello- Salvinietum natantis, Nymphoidetum paltatae, Potamogetonetum filiformis;

- Assemblages of peatland and meadow vegetation: Caricetum buxbaumii, Leerisio- Bidentetum, Aegopod io-Patasetetum hybrydi;

- Assemblages of woodland and brushwood vegetation: Ribo nigri-Altnetum, Salici- Populetum, Ficario-Ulmetum, Galio-Carpinetum, Ptryclimeno-Quercetum, Lithospermo-Quertecum subboreale.

IT CAN BE STATED ON THE GROUND OF THE CURRENT STUDIES OF HYDROBIONTS THAT ALL RESULTS EVIDENCE THE STRONG DEGRADATION AND QUANTITATIVE IMPOVERISHMENT, AND ESPECIALLY QUALITATIVE ONE, OF THE WATERS IN THE LOWER STRETCH OF ODRA, INCLUDING THE D4BIE LAKE. THE OCCURRING UNFAVOURABLE CHANGES IN THE TAXONONOMIC COMPOSITION OF HYDROBIONTS IN THE LOWER

-31 - ODRA WATER SYSTEMARE TIE RESULTOF INCREASEIN THE INDUSTRLIL AND MUNICIPALEFFLUENTS DELIVERED DIRECTLY INTO THE RIVER AND PORT CANALSFROM THE URBANAGGLOMERATION AND PORT.

Table 4. Size of macrobenthosdominants in the spring, autumn and summer seasons in the years 1985-88 and 1993 for the West Odra (modifications by Wegielnik 1994)

Taxon Benthos density in different years

ind / m2 1985 1986 1987 1988 1993

Oligochaeta spp. Spr. 3106 3012 824 3953 768

Sum. 4000 3388 235 1412 528

Aut. 4518 753 2588 635 216

Dreissena polymorpha Spr. 24 0 0 0 0

Sum. 188 259 0 0 3552

Aut. 0 0 0 0 0

Chironomidae Spr. 24 0 47 47 24

Sum. 94 0 0 24 1488

Aut. 0 0 47 0 0 Total macrobenthos Spr. 3252 3012 1083 4401 1032

Sum. 4689 4094 259 1980 8136

- 32 - Aut. 14706 763 2847 683 216

The least qualitativelyand quantitativelylabile microfauna at the bottom of the slimy stretch of West Odra mainly consistsof the Oligochaetaand Chironomidaerepresentatives of which interrelationschange seasonally as well as in the individual years (Table 4). The fact of large quantitative fluctuations and especially of the disappearance of a natural biofiltrator i.e. Dreissenapolymorpha (fresh water mussel), of which well-stockedcolonies had covered the bottom of the river, Dabie Lake and Szczecin Lagoon contributing to the natural water purification and acceleration of effluents degradation processes intensified by microorganisms, raises the greatest misgivings about the environmental quality. Unfortunately,a very common process is the extension of anaerobic zones in which rotting processes prevail and occurs sulphur hydrogen considerably lowering the occupancy of bottom, which is caused by the lack of sewagetreatment plant for the urban agglomerationof Szczecin.There have been notified the areas of river bottom which are in practice a biological desert, except of bacteria and fungi. It is the state, which occurs after a strong chemical or thermal pollution in the river. There are many such regions in the eastern and westernfork of Odra , inclusive of the area where the planned investment is realised. Ichthyofauna in this stretch of river is very scanty and the dominating species are roach, bream (up to 50% of angling catches); very seldom occur more noble and looked for fishes such as the pike, perch, eel or pike perch. The last ones are more frequent in the SzczecinLagoon and Dabskie Lake but their biodiversity is intensified by bi-environmentaland even marine fishes. It is very difficult to characterisethe sanitary conditionof water in Odra and one can assume that it is similar to the state in the Szczecin Lagoonand Da,bskieLake representedby coli titre from 33 to 0.004 (it correspondsto the most probable number of bacteria from 3 -,24000 in 100 cm3 of water). According to the saprophytic system, one can deternine the boundaries of influence for the waters polluted with detergents or oil derivatives in Odra , port canals, Przekop Mieleniski, DuniczycaZachodnia canal, Da4bieLake, Przesmyk Orli, Roztoka Odrzafiskaand finally in the whole SzczecinLagoon. The extent of boundaries depends on the actual hydrological condition (backwater, spring water rise, floods as a result of long lasting precipitations), but first of all on the long duration of the anemometicphenomena and ice situationin the whole estuary of Odra . Water utilised for the sanitary and existential purposes, or comningfrom rescue operations and

- 33 - discharged to Odra from the area planned for the investment, has to be purified without exception. These waters can make worse living conditions for the already very degraded anthropogenna of fauna and flora, both in the river and the Dabskie Lake. With the

considerable water flows in West Odra , there are no misgivings about big drop in the qualitv of waters and thus the drastic degradation of fauna and flora, however, one should avoid the dischar Ye of substances which can aggravate the current quality of water from the areas provided for the port infrastructure modemisation to the terrestial environment.

5.4.2.2. State of Terrestial Vegetation and Other Natural Amenities of the Szczecin Port and Dqbskie Lake Area

The area where is planned modernisation and expansion of the Port has a plant cover characteristic for the artificially man-made regions and in this case it regards the area of silting. Woodland assemblage includes marshy meadows (Salicetum or fragilis) with the elements of marshy alder forest (Carici elonatae-alnetum) which grew there in the past. Tree stand in the marshy meadows includes the white willow (Salix albo) with the addition of silver birch (Betula verrucosa), pussy willow (Salix caprea) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in the more humid parts. In the layer of shrubs appear in small numbers: black currant (Ribes nigrum), water elder (Viburnum opulus), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), blackberry (Rubus plicatus), trembling poplar (Populus tremula), elder (Sambucus nigra) and other plants. Rampant undergrowth developing on the fruitful solum is characterised by collective occurrence of neophyte for the flora of Poland - touch-me-not (Impatiens roylei). The said species form wide-spread high fields in various parts of the island. Another floral curiosity appearing in the undergrowth, mainly near rims of the bigger islands, such as Debina, Czarnole ka, Wielka Kepa and other, is ,,waterside" angelica (Archangelica litoralis) secreting immensely aromatic ethereal oils produced by secreting tissue of the shoot. Aside from it, in the undergrowth layer grow in great quantities such plants as: ground ivy (Glechonmahederacea), bedstraw (Galium aparine), hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium), willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum), Canadian golden rod (Solidago canadensis), touch-me- not (Impatiens noli-tengere) and other. Here and there, low waterside shrubbery is interweaved by the creeping shoots of hop (Humulus lupulus). The zone of contact with water, especially nearby the eastern banks of Ostr6w (Islet) Grabowski along Przekop Mielefiski, Danes on the side of the Dabskie Lake, is occupied by a

- 34 - variable-width strip of reedy rushes with the less or more poor floral composition, having characteristicassociations of the underwater and aquatic flora. Reedy rushes make a natural barrier protectingthe coastline of islands and securing it effectively against caving at the high wavingof the river and lake. Moreover,they are a breeding site and shelter for the numerous avifauna. In shallow quiet bays at the forefront of the rushes occur extraordinarily vivid spreads of nenuphars (Nymphaeo-Nupharetum) as well as the associations of Potamogetonacea class pondweeds (small, pectinated, confined, pierced, glistening and floating pondweed).Natural, zonal arrangementof the aquatic vegetation is an authentic and extremely important barrier inhibiting the waving and destructiveaction of waves on banks of the islet and islands. The earliest floral studiesfor that zone quote many peculiar and rare plants, which maybe still have there their positions. Water ecosystems on the premises of the Szczecin Port are occupied only by small spreads of the water vessel hydrophytes rooted in the littoral zone, or by residual assemblagesof smallfloating plants which are periodicallymoved by the current. Within the range of the ecologicalgroup of hydrophytes,in the area included into the physical developmentplan for the SzczecinPort, occur as follows: 1. Helophytes- marsh-dwelling plants occurring in the contact zone of the marine and terrestial ecosystem, tolerant of both the floodings and high level of ground waters.Aside from the plant spreads floating here and there throughoutthe whole water area, in the strongly shallowedplaces not subjectedto periodical dredging occurs a formation of helophytes which is represented by aquatic or terrestials varieties of rushes. Most often they are the small enclaves of reed grasses or dissipatedtufts of variousspecies of careces and manna. 2. Elodeids - plants rooted in the bottom of water regions and having shoots developing in the depth, adaptedto the aquatic way of life thanks to the specific complex of hydromorphic features. They occur in marine ecosystems in the littoral zone of port water regions. They are represented first of all by water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), species of pondweeds (Potamogeton lucens, P. perfoliatus, P. crispus, P. pectinatus) and small populations of water-thyme (Elodea canadensis). 3. Nympheids - plants rooted in the bottom with floating leaves. The ecological formation of nympheids is represented by small spreads of assembled yellow waterlily and nenufar (both species are under strict species conservation)which don't have good developmentalconditions there. Such phytocenosisoccurs in the

- 35 - places of shallows, especially at the western coastlines of islands making the eastern border of the SzczecinPort. In the past in the water regions adjacent to the borders of the area included into the physical developmentplan for the Szczecin Port had occurred shapely spreads of the extremely rare fringed waterlilv (Nymphoidespeltata) - the positions of this protected plant were known from the region of Orli Przesmyk i.e. western coastlineof the Da,bieLake, as well as from the southernpart of Roztoka Odrzaniska 4. Pleustophytes - plants with the reduced or retarded root system floating or located in the depth, however, never associatedwith the bottom. They play the least important part within the plant cover of water areas of the Szczecin Port. They are generally representedby two species i.e. duckweed and many-rooted spirodel. However, both these species are extremely important as regards the avifauna of the region. In the depth occur small agglomerations of horn-wort (Ceratophyllum demersum). Its shoots, which many times form well-stocked underwater meadows, are a place of shelter for the fish fry, egg-layingby water animals and the biomass decomposing in autumn has an effect on the higher concentrationof biogens.

There are no good conditionsof growth for the underwater vegetation in view of the considerabledepth of these water areas, continuous dredging, ice phenomena and bottom's instability. Therefore, it doesn't form fully developed phytocenoses and is represented by single specimens of the elodeid formationonly. The littoral zone of lotic and lenitic waters in the region of the Szczecin port is seized by. the rushes and sedge-lands which play an important biocenotic part, establishing very convenient lexistence conditions for the extremely ample animal word, especially the mud and water birds. Miedzyodrze,reaching there with a network of ditches, canals and old river- beds, is also the biggest complex of various rush-plants and sedge-lands. Reedy rushes (Phragmitetumcommunis), mace rushes (Typhetum latifoliae and Typhetum angustifoliae) and manna rushes (Glycerietum maximae) are extremely ample expanded assemblages. Eleocharitetum palustre, marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustrisi), swamp horsetail (Equisetetumlimnosi) and mare's tail assembly (hippuridetumvulgaris) form spreads (lobes) smaller in size in the waters of Miedzyodrze. Marshy peat habitats are covered by cyperaceous assemblages, which together with rushes form mozaic associations. These phytocenoses include chiefly stiff sedge (Caricetum elatae), marshland sedge (Caricetum

-36- acutiformis)and the most often occurring sharpened sedge (Caricetumgracilis) growing in the moss-grownform as subassemblagewith bog-bean (Caricetumgracilis menyanthetosum) (Jasnowski, Succow 1991). In these assemblages are met rare plants, as the accompanying species: marshland pea (Lathyrus paluster), marshland sow-whistle (Sonchus paluster) wetland ragwort (Seneciopaudosus) and marshland ragwort (Senecio congestus)(Jasnowski 1962, Bacieczko, Kowalski 1963). In the wetland habitats of Miedzyodrze in the direct contact with the rushes develop shrubs of imposing nitrophilousperennial plants (class of Artemisietea).Also commonlymet there ara assemblagesof water dropwort and yellow cress (Ririppoamphibiae-Oenanthetum aquaticae), assemblage of Cuscuto-Convolvuletumsepuim. In t-he region of Szczecin can be observed rare assemblage of golden dock (Rumicetum maritimi). In the wetland complex of Odra , as well as in not managed peatbogs on the Dabskie Lake and Roztoka Odrzafiska,occur moss-grown and sedge-moss assemblages i.e. moss- grown spots from Caricetaliafuscae order, whereas in the transitional and high peatbogs occur moss-grownassemblages of Schechzeriataliaorder and of Oxycocco-Sphagnateaclass. These phytocenoses are greatly imperilled with the noxious anthropogenic impact, in particular with the drainage, uncontrolled exploitation of peat, agricultural and industrial management(on the western side, nearby Z. Ch. ,,Police", excessivelydrained due to the deep ditches and subjectedto poisonous emissions of the polluted air). This has resulted in the stenotopic plants dropping out of the species structure, appearance of dead trees in the landscape,plants attacked by fungal diseases , as well as too dry peat succumbingto fires started by man. Here occur phytocenosesof grey sedge and bent grass (Carici cannectentis- Agrostidetum)with common sedge and millet sedge and the assembly composed of thin rush and conmmonsedge (Juncofiliformis-caricetumfuscae), moss-grownspots with the turf sedge (Comaro-Caricetumcaespitosae) and stiff sedge (Arcocladio-Caricetumelatae). In places where the waters of the lower Odra river hasn't been separated from the land by means of flood embankments,in the hinterland of proper rushes often exist low-sedge bogs - a peculiar assemblage with physionomy of low meadows, forming a sweeping turf which often floats on the water. These assemblages after the regulation of water conditions most frequently transform itself into wet meadows of Molinietalia order. In these habitats, which have characteristic appearance likening them to big-sedge rushes, occur spreads of sedges - the most frequently occurs two-sided sedge (Carex disticha). In less frequently flooded areas, behind the bogs, exist spreads of big-sedge and brain rushes, as well as very florallyample meadowsand herbs of Molinietaliaorder. All of them are interspersedwith the

-37 - clumps of bushy willlows which pass into riparian forests and alder swamps. Between the spreads of rushes, herbs and Odra 's riverine meadows, on the river-banks comnmonlyexist osier-beds with the domination of grey willow (Salix cinerea), eared willow (Salix Aurita) and laurel willow (Salix Pentandra). In the wetland places. in the brushwood occur species typical f5or the rushes and in the wet places with variable level of ground waters exist brvophvLes and blue moor grass (Molinia caerulea). Among the rushes and up-land, in numerous ground lowerings, wetland alder forests develop on banks of the lower (Eastern and Western) Odra river. Complexes of alder forests often exist in the form of well-stocked, widely spread forest masses in which dominates black alder (Alnus glutinosa) growing in the form of clumps and between the latter, in valleys, exist rush species such as reed or great sedges. In this brushwood often occurs protected black currant (Ribes nigrum) and even common honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum). Alder swamps also develop in the places where wvater from the river achieves high level, stagnates for a long time and doesn't demonstrate appreciable horizontal shifts. These areas are parallel to the current of Odra , in the flooding reach of waters coming from a backwater or frequent spring and summer overbank flows. There occur mesophilous plants such as, among other things: touch-me-not (Impatiens noli-tangere and Impatiens grandulafera), protected water elder (Viburnum opulus) and rare grove dock (Rurmexsanguinenus).

5.4.2.2.1 Phytoplankton

Ervironmental conditions for the waters in lower course of Odra, from Gozdowice to Swinoujscie, are subject to the considerable qualitative changes; limnetic waters in the river, through transitory areas in Roztoka Odrzaniskaand the Szczecin Lagoon diametrically change their nature for brackish one in Pomeranian Bay with the salinity of 7 - 8 %o.Number of species iUathis region has beeh determninedfor 150 - 200, depending on the season, however, the quantitative domination of diatoms usually takes place. 5.4.2.2.1.1. Diatoms are qualitatively and quantitatively differentiated, depending on season and especially on region. Spring blooms are dominated by: Asterionella formosa, Diatoma elongatum, Sceletonema subsalsum and species of the following kinds: Melosira, Coscinodiscus and Stephanodiscus, as well as Thalassiosira. Best represented in summer are: Melosira, Coscinodiscus rothi, Stephanodiscus astrea, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Sceleton,,emasubsalsum and Nitzschia, Fragillaria and Synedra.

-38 - 5.4.2.2.1.2 Blue-green algae are an important element of the phytoplankton in the time when the tempemtare of water increases. Blue-green algae blooms, especially in the Szczecin Lagoon, most frequently take place in summer and early autumn and they are composed from the species belonging to Aphanisomenon flos aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa. The last from the mentioned species is most toxic, which during the strong summer domination (particularly in August and September) reaching 98 % causes periodical poisoning of the environment (fihns of decayed blue-green algae on the water surface - similar to so-called waves of death), especially of zooplankton and fishes. 5.4.2.2.1.3 Green algae make the third crucial element of phytoplankton and in the waters of Odra Estuary they are represented by Scenedesmus; Pediastrum, Acinastrum, Oocystis, monoraphidium, Crucigenia and Tetrastrum. Quality and biomass of phytoplankton strictly correlate with the quantity of biogenic salts and especially of nitrates and phosphates in the water. As it is well known, the load of biogens discharged to the lower course of Odra and its estuary causes an exceptionally high eutrophication , sometimes it results in a local polytrophy. Re-fertilisation of waters at the river mouth can be limited only through an arrangement of water supply and sewage disposal and construction of the whole sewage plant system in the basin, decrease of large-surface washings (agrocenosis and forest areas) and the arrangement of waste management.

5.4.2.2.2. Zooplankton

Just as the phytoplankton, the plankton animal invertebrates in the major part of taxonomic structure are limnetic species. It is difficult to assess the direct effect of sewage on the quantitative fluctuations and tendencies, biomass, and in particular on the qualitative structure of this ecological formation in the surface. When polluting load exceeds certain level, the digestion anaerobic processes start to dominate which results in the disappearance of plankton algae. Animal unicellular organisms , as well as the larvae of bottom-dwelling animals (meroplankton and ichthyoplankton) which need oxygen for living and themselves are the feed for zooplankton, make extremely sensitive indicators of water quality. In relation to the waters of Miedzyodrze, within the limits of the city of Szczecin has occurred quantitative and qualitative degradation of the limnoplankton caused by effluents and only in Roztoka Odrzaiiska and in particular in the Szczecin Lagoon takes place an increase of plankton's biodiversity as well as of its biomass in the epilimnion of that basin. The basic animal groups forming dominating structures of the zooplankton are: Rotatoria,

-39 - Cladocera and Copepoda. Besides Rotatoria, Cladocera and Copepoda in the animal plankton of Odra can be found quite often such adominants as: Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Ostracoda - larvae of Marenzellaria viridis, Chironomidae and Dreissena polymorpha. Quantitatively, in the zooplankton dominates Rotatoria belonging to the microzooplankton and next come Copepoda and Cladocera and larvae of benthos organisms defmed as meroplankton. There are of course considerable differences in.the spatial structure and specific diversity of zooplankton, which depend on the climatic season, temperature, water chemistry and in particular on the oxygen content and presence of sulphur hydrogen. In the walers of Miedzyodrze exist almost 30 species of plankton animals at the one research station; within the city of Szczecin the diversity drops to 8 - 20 species; in the Szczecin Lagoon it increases to 30 - 35 species. Biodiversity of the zooplankton is subject to changes from o0neyear to another (it can be correlated with the quality of waters, but also with the climatic conditions and especially with the severity and length of winter periods, as well as with the magnitude and duration of high water stages) with considerable quantitative fluctuations within species, which should be also connected with the sewage emission and excessive predation of the fish fry.

5.4.2.2.3 Benthos

Bottom fauna of Miedzyodrze, Roztoka Odrzaiiska and Szczecin Lagoon is of the freshwater nature similarly to the plankton, though in the zone of marine water direct action on Swina and Dziwna straits numerous marine elements typical for the ecotone appear in the taxonornic structure. Macrofauna of slimy bottom areas consists generally of the Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Chironomidae, Ostracoda and Mollusca representatives. Quantitative and qualitative relations between these components of the benthos demonstrate an existence of distinct spatial and time structure. Even with the quantitative dominance of Oligochaeta, the greatest biomas is achieved by Chironomidae and mostly by Chironomus plumosus and bivalves.

- 40 - Table 5. Quantity and biomass of macrofaunacomponents for the slimy bottom at the river- mouth of Odra.

Author Gizinski Mas}owski Wolnomiejski year of research 1975-1976 1988 1992-1993

quantity 2334 1816 792

Chzronomidae spec/m2

biomass 28.0 8.37 10.94- 28.7

quantity 4489 1486 1951

Oligochaeta spec/m 2

biomass 8.8 3.43 4.18-5.3

quantity 6838 3457 2750 -4320

In total spec/M 2 .

biomass 36.8 19.61 15.28- 35.0

Many years' research has demonstratedthat the benthos of slimy bottom in the lower stretch of the Odra River and in the Szczecin Lagoon is characterised by an exceptionally high productivity, creating a very handy alimentary base for fishes. Some misgivings are awaken by the creation of wider and wider areas of the bottom in which the presence of sulphur hydrogen significantly influences the drop in territorial occupancy of bottom which can be seen in the above sheet (Table 5). Considerable drops in numbers of the bottom fauna in the Odra Estuary, which happen every several years, make the oscillations known in the biocenology - soon after a drop in numbers on the premises of Estuary took place the rebuilding of the population and assemblages which had a negative dynamics. An example of such biocenotic oscillation is the population of mollusc (Dreissena polymorpha), which forms

-41 - its colonies in the littoral zone on the slopes of shallows. In previous years the presence of fresh water mussel was treated as a permanent feature characteristic for the biocenosis of the Szczecin Lagoon where the biofiltration was connected with an ecological niche of the Dreissena polymorpha assemblage. Recently was found a drastic drop in the numbers of this mollusc and simply withdrawal from the traditional biotops.

5.5 Vertebrates

Within the area included into the project, they are represented by fishes (Pisces), amphibians (Amphibia), reptiles (Reptilia), birds (Aves) and mammals (Mammalia). The most vital as regards the natural values and most numerous phyla existing in this area are birds, fishes and mammals. Amphibians and reptiles occurring here include, according to estimations, 15 species. Among them are faunal curiosities such as: mud turtle (Emmys orbiculcaris), crested newt (Triturus cristatus), smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris), fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina), garlic toad (Pelobates fuscus), European toad (Bufo bufo), smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) and conmmonspecies to which one can include lizards, various species of green and brown frogs, slow-worms and snakes. Urbanisation processes which are foreseen in the modernisation plan for elements of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port infrastructure undoubtedly will have a far reaching effect on the state of the said phylum of animals. Drainage of water-logged areas, noise, construction work and aquatic pollution, as well as the land takes for new investments, are the factors which vitally limit populations; first of all it regards amphibians and reptiles but it also negatively affects the biodiversity of the other phyla. Majority of the mentioned species is among the animals present in the all-Polish list of extinction threatened species. Mammals living in very differentiated habitats - ecological niches functioning round the Szczecin Lagoon and on the premises of the Port - are represented by at least 49 species, permanently present or periodically appearing here. This area has a very good connection with the immense waters, water-logged areas, peatbogs, meadows and reedy rushes situated in the region of the Odra Estuary and also distributed on the premises of nearby Puszcza (Primeval Forest) Bukowa, Puszcza Wkrzauiska and Puszcza Goleniowska constituting an extraordLinarilyconvenient places for the reproduction, predation , rest or even wintering for several hundreds species of vertebrates. Such enormous abundance of this phylum in the region of Szczecin results from the diversity of habitats (forests, allotment gardens, plantings, swamplands and water areas) and convenient conditions for the reproduction and rearing of the young. The most valuable species among the mammals, permanently or periodically

- 42 - connectedwith the area included into the modernizationplan for of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port infrastructure, are chiropters (Chiroptera) (as many as 10) , pine marten (Martes martes), stone marten (Martes foina), fat doormnouse(Glis glis), European polecat (Mustela putorius), badger (Meles meles) and least weasel (Mustelanivalis). Probablywithin this area will appear other representatives of the small predators, inter alia squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Some inaccessible,swampy, little penetrated by the man areas around the Szczecin Lagoon,Dabie Lake and premises of the Szczecin port are a refuge for hares (Lepus capensis), wild hogs (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), harts (Cervus elaphus) and other deers. Within the administrative boundaries of Szczecin has been recently observed an expansion of reintroduced beavers (Castorfiber) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides).

5.5.1. Ichihryofaunaof the Odra Estuary

Phylum of fishes in the water areas within the whole region of infrastructure modernization and development for the Szczecin Port represents the ichthyofauna characteristicfor the waters strongly eutrophicated.Ichthyofauna of Lower Odra is typical for the region of bream. However, along short stretches beyond thelocal dams, where exist convenientconditions for rheophilousfishes reproducting in the well oxidated running water with a stony bottom, there live species characteristicfor other regions, such as the region of barbel (Barbus barbus), region of cyprynid (Chondrostoma nasus) and region of chub (Leuciscuscephalus). Fauna of fishes in the Lower Odra River Valley is representedby 39 species,belonging to 5 ecologicalreproductive groups. As regards the ecologicalreproductive groups, the following fishes occur in the Lower Odra: * phytophiliali.e. species spawning on the vegetable substratum * psammophilial- species spawningon the sandy substratum * phyto-lithophilial- species spawning on the vegetable or stony substratum * ostracophilial+ special- species spawning inside mollusc shell and spawning at sea lithophilial- species spawning on the stony substratum

In the greatest numbers are representedphytophilial species spawning on the vegetable substratum. Their spawning grounds are situated within tidelands, old river-beds, of which there are plenty in the Lower Odra River Valley, and in the lower courses of tributaries. Old river-beds are diversified;they have standing and much cleaner water than in Odra, ample aquatic vegetation and higher water temperature in summeT and all this contributes to

- 43 - favourable conditions for the existence of species preferring standing or slowly running waters. Ecologicalsignificance of the old river-bedsemphasises the fact that in their cleaner waterslives out its fish fry period the brood of which environmentalrequirements are highest and decisive for the development of population. Old river-beds connected with Odra and deep old river-bedsmake often winteringgrounds for many fish species or temporary shelter in the periods of worsened purity of water in the river. This ecosystem is occupied by phytophilialspecies which are the comnmonspecies occurring in almost the whole course of Odra and at least in the lower stretchesof majority of the tributaries. They includepike (Esox luciusj, roach (Rutilus rutilus), rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus),a fish of the family Cyprynidae(Blicca b]orkna), bream (Abramisbrama), a species of bream (Abramisbalerus) and othLer.Significant part in the ichthyofauna is also played by the lithophilial species spawniingon the stony substraturnand phyto-lithophilialspecies spawningon the vegetable or stony substratum.Least numerously are represented the psammophilial,ostracophilial and variable-enviromnnentforms. Rare and protected species are represented by: knife (Pelectus cultratus), bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus amarus), loach (Orthrias barbaturus), thunderfish (Misgurnusfossilis),spined loach (Cobbitistaenia) and other. Very diversifiednature of water regions in the lower course of Odra, and in particular within the city of Szczecin,is specificfor the estuarial stretch of a big lowland river with the whole system of canals, old river-beds and cross-cuts between arms of the Western and Eastern Odra . Quantity of fish taxons met there considerably exceeds a fish assemblage usually characteristic for the final course of lowland river. According to the literature, in water regions of the Lower Odra River Valley LandscapePark and water regions passing through Szczecin to Roztoka Odrzaniskaand further away through the Szczecin Lagoon to Pomeranian Bay occur 41 fish species of which 32 are of native origin and 9 are alien for these ecosystems.Acipenser sturio and Salmo salar are the extinct species registered in ,,Red Book of Poland's Fauna", however some regenerative activities have been carried out for some tilmeby the Polish Angling Union and farmers and, in consequenceof that, they have occurred in waters of the Odra Estuary. The most numerous species of non-predatoryfish in waters of the Odra lower course include: Abramis brama, Blicca bjoercna and Abramis ballerus, and among the predatory ones: Anquilla anquilla,Stizostedion luciopercia and Esox Lucius. Among frequently met species can be included: Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythtop)htalmus,Silurus glanis, Aspius aspius, Leuciscus cephalus, L. Idus, Percafluviatilis whereas to more scarce species belong: Osmeruseperlanus, Misgurnus fossilis, Gymnocephaluscernuus, Carassius carassius,C. aureatus gibelio, Lota Iota, Barbus barbus

- 44 - and Gobio sp. From among the farmed fishes most often occur: Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodonidella, Aristichtysnobilis, Hypophtalmichthysmolitrix and Acipenser spp. To alien species belong Lepomis gibbosus and Ictalurus nebulosus. Composition of the ichthyofauna specified for 37 taxons in the Szczecin Lagoon (thus less than in Lower Odra) has an extraordinaryeffect on the specificcomposition of fishes in the lower course of Odra, within the city of Szczecin and in the water system of Dona Odra , which results from the passive and active migrationsand dependswhether fishes are eurytopical and have sufficient halotolerance.

Table 6.. Ichthyofaunalcomposition in the SzczecinLagoon (Mutko 1994)

No. Species Frequencyof occurrence

______Freshwater

1. Bream (Abramisbrama) In great quantities

2. Roach (Rutilusrutilus) In great quantities

3. A species of bream (Abramisballerus) Often

4. A fish of the family Cyprynidae(Blicca Often bjoerkna)

5. Rapfen (Aspius aspius) Rarely

6. Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) -_Oflten

7. Carp (Cyprinuscarpio) Sporadically

8. Rudd (Scardinius.erythrophthalmus) Sporadically

9. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) Sporadically

10. Dace (Leuciscusleuciscus) Rarely

11. Ide (Lauciscusidus) Rarely

12. Bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus) Very rarely

13. A Cyprinid (Chondrostomanasus) Rarely

45 - 14. Spined loach (Cobitis taenia) Very rarely

15. Sheat-fish (Silurus glanis) Sporadically

16. Burbot (Lota Iota) Often

17. Gudgeon (Gobio gobio) Very rarely

|18. _ Tench (Tinca tinca) Rarely

19. Pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) Numerously

20. Perch (Percafluviatilis) In great quantities

21. Ruff (Acerina cernua) In great quantities)

22. Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Numerously

23. Pike (Esox lucius) Rarely

24. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) Rarely

25. European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) Numerously

26. |Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Sporadically

27|. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Sporadically

Bi-environmental

28. Vimba (Vimba vimba) Rarely

29. Eel (Anguilla anquilla) Quite numerously

30. Salmon (Salmo salar) Rarely

31. Sea trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta) Rarely

32.3 _ Baltic whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus) Rarely

33. _Common (Atlantic) sturgeon (Acipensersturio) Very rarely

Sea

34. Herring (Clupea harengus) In great quantities in spring

35. Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) Sporadically in spring

36. _ Platfishes (Pleuronectiformes) Often

-46 - 37. Goby (Gobius minutus) Sporadically

Ichthyofaunal composition in Pomeranian Bay make chiefly typical marine species: herring, sprat, salmon, brown trout, garfish, cod, eel, brill, plaice, dab, flounder, a fish of the family Gadidae, gunnel, eelpout, sand launce, gobies and freshwater bi-environmental species mentioned in Table 6.

5.5.1.1 Ecological Problems of the Ichthyofauna Productivity Level within the Port Modernisation Region

Waters of East Odra and West Odra , as well as the water system within the city of Szczecin, are extremely strongly eutroophized. For this fact testify such factors as: high hygrogen ion concentration (pH) of water, local disappearances and fluctuations of the

dissolved oxygen content, high content of BZT5 , dissolved phosphates,phosphorus proper, nitrates, chlorophyll,,a" and also bad (classless)sanitary condition defined by the low value of coli titre for faecal type of bacteria. High water pollutionstate for Lower Odra has caused the disappearance from the stock of fish such species as sturgeon, salmon, sea trout, Baltic white fish and vimba which are only sporadicallynotified in these water regions. Also the environmentalstate is of importance for the reproductivity and development of the fry for such popular fishes as pike, burbot and perch. Recently, local fish oxygen starvationshave very often happened in the basins with low water exchangeor without exchangewith the open waters and they are a derivative of the cleanliness state and hydrology and especially of the thermal conditionsof waters. Ichthyofaunaof Lower Odra and its estuary is very ample and spatially diversified. Great quantitiesof roaches, breams, perches and pike perches create convenientconditions for individual fishermen,fishing cooperativesand numerous anglers. Total catch of useful fishes in the Polish part of the Szczecin Lagoon within the period of 40 years had fluctuated from 1800 to 3900 tons per year which correspondsto the output of 35 -76 kg/ha. In those catches were dominating: roach and bream (50%) , perch (17 - 20%) and pike perch (8 - 13%). A considerable drop in the catch of eel has been found during many years of observations, which is connectedwith the disappearanceof natural eel fry migrationsto the Bay and lack of the stocking with eel's ,,montee" larvae. Independently od fish stockings, there is applied a close season for fishes in the waters of Lower Odra , which results first of all from the Act on FreshwaterFisheries of 1996 and from connected with it regulations and bans (inter alia

- 47 - on partitioning the migratory routes of spawning fishes, fishing in the places of general fish movement, catching of fish smaller than protective dimensions, using of proper net mesh counts). Aside from provisions of the Act, the Voivode of Szczecin Province has set up 27 protective regions in the area of Lower Odra and almost 10 of them is situated within the reach and in vicinity to the water regions included into the project on Szczecin Port's infrastnicture modemisation. In these regions there are places of pernanent fish reproduction and development of fry fish, as well as the protective wintering grounds and routes of general spawning and preying migrations for various fish species and in particular for eurytopical fishes occurring in the ecotone. Over the period from 1 'tJanuary till 315' May of each year, in the established and properly marked protective areas there is a ban on fishing and any activities harmful for them e.g.: aggregate extraction, dredging work, establishment of bathing resorts, etc. Professional fishing within the Szczecin Lagoon is carried out by 10 fishery bases (cooperative ,,Certa") and 250 individual fishermen, by means of: seines, box traps, fykes, dragged nets, pound nets and hooks. Rational fish population farming requires the arrangement of rules on protective regulations (sizes and periods) securing the biodiversity of native ichthyofauna, because currently have appeared the clear signs of some species disappearance e.g.: dace, ide, bitterling, a Cyprinid, spined loach, gudgeon, Baltic whitefish, sea trout, salmon and sturgeon. Twenty years ago, the waters of the Szczecin Lagoon were fish stocked with Baltic whitefish, vimba, pike and bream and ,owing to that, the populations of these fishes were for quite a long tirme kept at the stable quantitative level (which was evidenced by the volumes of fishing). Currently, such farming measures aren't conducted anymore and that is why the numerical force of fish flocks has undergone a rapid reduction and destabilisation. Currently applied protection methods aim at the preservation of ichthyofauna species diversity which consists in the following measures: * spawning ground conservation * protection of fish fry and the young * partial protection of pike perch's and perch's hard roeds * fish stocking * aiming at the proper specific exploitation of fishes. Fishing in the running waters is mainly directed at the gaining of greatest possible biomass of fishes, however, it often leads to over-fishing which in a short time causes irrevers ible, disadvantageous changes in the state of fish population. If one adds to uncontrolled fishing such factors like large pollutant load constantly discharged to the running

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s ; OSto-jeptakew W _ bit! rm.uges_ I waters of Lower Odra River Basin and Valley and strong anthropopressure resulting from the ,,man's" management in the water ecosystems, it will allow us to become aware of the causes and degree of exposure for the ichthyofauna - permanent dweller of these waters. Alas, the population structures of ichthyocenoses damaged by the man don't return spontaneously to the previous, natural state. They require costlv biomanipulations and extremely expensive farming measures.

5.5.2 Avifauna

Examination of the bird population state is similar as for the ichthyofauna in the Odra Estuary. Fauna of water- and mud birds occurring in waters of the Port, nearby river areas and the Da,bie Lake is characterised by the presence of not only native species going there through their whiole life-cycle but also of migratory forms which appear in the period of migrations and on account of the good conditions stay there throughout the winter period (Table 2z). On the way stops there up to 80 000 bean geese (Anserfabalis), up to 5 000 white-fronted geese (Anser albiftons) and circa 5 000 greylag geese (Anser anser). In the Odra Estuary, on the extensive water-logged areas flooded in spring, in numerous channels and water bodies and in wet leafy forests are distinguished the following main types of habitats important for the birds: * waters and gulfs of the Szczecin Lagoon * river channels * riverine open areas * riverine forests Avifauna of the Odra Estuary is the one relatively best known. Convenient conditions of the existence and reproduction which prevail in this inaccessible region, as well as its location on the route of great North - South migrations, make the Lower Odra Valley a peculiar ornithological reserve. List of birds registered here encompasses up to 29 extremely valuable species, recognised as being under threat of extinction in ,,Polish Red Book of Animals". Here occur, inter allia: shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), oyster catcher (Haematopus ostralegus), black cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), bittern (Botaurus stellaris), little bittem (Ixobrychus minutus), common heron (Ardea cinerea), black stork (Ciconia nigra), little tern (Sterna albifrons), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), pintail (Anas acuta), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), black kite (Milvus migranis), red kite (Milvus milvus), white-tailed eagle (Hfaliaeetus albicilla), marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus), spotted crake (Porzana

- 49 - porzana), crane (Grus grus), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), corn crake(Crex crex), goosander(Mergus mersanger) and other. In the waters of Roztoka Odrzanskaand of the Szczecin Lagoon (Wielki Zalew), which adjoin the area of the Szczecin Port, are observed extraordinarily fertile regions, plentous in benthos organisms and ichthyofauna. Anthropopressure results from the fishing activities. navigation, sailing, areas adjoining the bay occupied by objects of the Szczecin Port, shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, agriculture and forestry. Wielki Zalew itself is polluted with the municipal sewage from the Szczecin agglomeration, industrial effluents, as well as by agriculture in the reservoir basin. This refuge is a nesting place for the rare birds among which undoubtedly can be reckoned great crested grebe, shelduck, red kite, white- tailed eagles, marsh harrier, oyster catcher, little ringed plover and ringed plover, aquatic warbler and bearded reedling. Migrating birds treat the Bay as a place for rest and among them are: in spring - mute swan, widgeon, scaup, and in autumn - great crested grebe, cormorant, bean goose, ring-necked duck, goosander and black tem. The Bay is a wintering ground for whooped swan, bean goose, scaup, smew, goosander and white-tailed eagle. In water regions located within boundaries of the Port and city of Szczecin live: mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), coot (Flica atra), common gallinule (Gallinula chropus), herring gull (Larus argentatus), blac-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), conmmon heron and other. S.5.2.1 Birds of the Lower Odra Rtver Valley In the region between Kostrzyn and The Szczecin Lagoon, including Kostrzyneckie Roziewiska, water system of Miedzyrzecze and the Lake of Dajbie, can be distinguished several types of habitats suitable for the migrating, nomadic, wintering and breeding birds. Near the channel supplying water from East Odra and draining the warm water from the Lower Odra Power Plant there is a place with a large concentration of the waterbirds in the period of autumn passages and cold winters when the surface of waters in Miedzyodrze is covered with ice. In this refuge, which is covered with numerous channels, flood waters and old river- beds, there are lowland bogs, flooded meadows and riparian forests. Anthropopressure is connected with the agricultural utilisation of the residual washlands of Miedzyodrze, chemical industry, power industry, shipbuilding industry and port management, as well as with the limited navigation on Odra . Threats for this refuge of waterbirds make the municipal, agricultural and industrial pollution, as well as the ambient (air pollutant) concentrations and acid rains.

-'50- This refuge has a plenty of nests built by: bitterns, little bitterns, common heron, white stork, greylag geese, shelducks, goosanders, honey buzzard, black and red kites, white-tail eagles, marsh harriers, Montagu's and hen harriers, lesser spotted eagles, spotted crakes, little crakes, corn crakes, cranes, oyster eaters, ruffs, common snipes, black-tailed godwits, roof avenses, black-headed gulls, common terns, little and black terns, short-eared owls, blue- throats, bearded reedlings, aquatic warblers and great grey shrikes. Through this refuge fly in their spring migrations: widgeons, pintails, self-heals, tufted ducks; and in the autumn migrations: bean and white-fronted geese, gadwalls and herons. Aside from whooped swan, the following birds stay here for winter: bean goose, self- heal, -tufted duck, common goldeneye, goosander and white-tailed eagle.

5.5.2.2 The Szczecin Lagoon

The basin in the Polish part of the Szczecin Lagoon (Wielki Zalew) is shallow, extraordinarily fertile, abounding with the benthos organisms and ichthyofauna. Anthropopressure results from the fishing activities, navigation, sailing, areas adjoining the bay occupied by the Port, shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, agriculture and forestry. Wielki Zalew itself is polluted with the municipal sewage from the Szczecin agglomeration, industrial effluents, as well as by agriculture in the reservoir basin. This refuge is a nesting place for great crested grebe, mute swan, shelduck, red kite, white-tailed eagles, marsh harrier, little ringed and ringed plovers, bearded reedling, aquatic warbler. Migrating birds treat the Bay as a place for rest and among them are: in spring - mute swan, widgeon, scaup, and in autumn - great crested grebe, cormorant, bean goose, ring- necked duck, goosander and black tern. The Bay is a wintering ground for whooped swan, bean goose, scaup, smew, goosander and white-tailed eagle.

5.5.2.3 Backward Delta of Swina

Backward Delta of Swina is a characteristic region of the Szczecin Lagoon. Natural and artificial distributaries fonning a delta encompass the islands situated between them, south- westerly coasts of Wolin and those fragments of Uznam which are situated on Kanal Piastowski. The resources of the refuge on the Szczecin Lagoon are its terrestial and aquatic

-51 - plant covers (forests constitute 78 % - alder carr, crowberry corniferous forests, birch-oak forests and mixed beech-oak forests). Tree stands are 130 - 150 and 80 - 130 years old. Plant associationsof the forests situated on the island of Wolin form reserves and an area of the WolinNational Park which since January 1996 has incorporatedinto its territory majority of water areas of the Szczecin Lagoon in the described refuge. Arable areas make its insignificant part. Karsiborska Kepa is an island purchased by the All-Polish Bird PreservationSociety and has been turned into a bird sanctuary.Economic activity includes the extensivecattle (sheep, horses, cows) grazing on the islands, angling, game managementand sailing. -In the refuge have their nests 140 species of birds, inter allia: little grebe, great crested grebe, red-neckedgrebe, little bittern,mute swan, greylag goose, shelduck,gadwall, shoveler, teal, garganey, pintail, self-heal, tufted duck, common goldeneye, goosander, black and red kite, white-tailed eagle, marsh harrier, hen harrier, Montagu's harrier, crane, coot, oystercatcher, little ringed plover, ringed plover, lapwing, dunlin, ruf, common snipe, black- tailed godwit, western curlew, redshank, sandpiper,black-headed gull, common gull,herring gull, lesser black-backed gull, Mediterranean gull, common tern, bearded reedling, aquatic warbler and common rosefinch. During the autumnmigrations occur here: cormorantand western curlew. The following birds pass here most often the winter: grey heron, whooped swan, greylag goose, smew, goosanderand red-breastedmersanger. The stock-taking of fauna in other systematic groups hasn't been hitherto fully completed.However, it is knownthat amongthem occur in great quantitiesthe species legally protected and their list extends as the research goes on.

5.5.2.3.1 Specific of the Nature in the Region of Kanal Piastowski, Kanal Mieliniski and Backward Delta of Swina

On account of the natural amenities of areas located in the water system of the Odra mouth and the world-widestanding of exceptionallyample and valuable refuge of avifauna in the Delta of Swina and Szczecin Lagoon, all constructionand dredging work has to be carried out with proper attentivenessof the nature. In particular, the special care is required in relation to the areas adjoiningthe Delta of Swina which since 1996 have been situated in the buffer zone of the Wolin National Park and which since 1994 have been under observation within the frameworkof studies carried out by the All-PolishBird Preservation Society. The Delta of

- 52 - §wina amd adjacent areas make an extensive complex of islands in the northern part of the Szczecin Lagoon , which in their considerable part are the areas nearing the natural ones and are relatively little transformed. The exception make here the bigger islands situated near the human settlements. The whole region of the backward Delta of Swina, Kanal Piastowski and Kanal Mielinski is characterised by very high water level fluctuations. Some islands (e.g. Wydrza Kepa) can completely disappear under water during the backwater. However, in the drought periods the water surface level considerably decreases. Such high amplitude of the water level significantly influences the quantity of birds and their breeding success. After reduction of the sea water floodings as a result of water system reconstruction, the human interference has become an important factor maintaining the halophilous vegetation on islands. Here occur common rushes with manna mielec, seaside rush and Tabernemontana bulrush. Among most interesting species found here, there are: Gerard's rush, yellow sea milkwoit, cavy, sea plantain. In the rushes occurs also seaside angelica. Majority of the islands is more or less covered by the reed clumps with spreads of meadows and cyperaceous patches. Along the banks of Kanal Piastowski and Kanal Mielinski also occur herb-shrubs with seaside angelica and muddy sow-thistle. In waters of the Delta of Swina, apart from protected common white waterlilies and yellow warterlilies, can occur extremely rare disappearing Nymphaea candida and probably already vanished fringed waterlily.The whole island area of the backward Delta of Swina is almost devoid of regular plantings, except for single osier-beds, and only along the channels and on Karsiborska Kepa and Bielawki grow single trees and shrubs with predominant alder plantings and a position of common honeysuckle. Sandbanks with escarpments occur on the Wicko lake and at the mouth of Kanal Piastowski. OnIthe premises of Kanal Piastowski and Kanal Mielifiski and the Delta of Swina has been found 214 species of birds, including circa 140 of breeding ones. Below is presented a list of most interesting species having their nests on the said premises: great crested grebe, little grebe, little ringed plover, little bittern, ringed plover, bittem, lapwing, mute swan, commornsnipe, greylag goose, dunlin, shelduck, black-tailed godwit, gadwall, western curlew, teal, garganey, redshank, sandpiper, pintail, black-headed gull, shoveler, self-heal, tufted duck, lesser black-backed gull, herring gull, common goldeneye, marsh harrier, hen harrier, Montagu's harrier, river tern, bearded reedling, crane, penduline tit, aquatic warbler, spotted crake, grasshopper warbler, corn crake, Savi's warbler, oystercatcher.

In the Delta of Swina exist convenient conditions for a stop of many bird species

- 53 - migrating along the coastline of the Baltic Sea and Odra River Valley. One can meet here the flocks of lapwings, wood sandpipers, common snipes and ruffs comprising hundreds individuals. Passing widgeons stop in the flocks numbering up to 600 individuals. In autumn and spring through this ecological corridor migrate thousands of wild geese of which total number in the night's stands on the Wicko Wielkie Lake can come up to 7000 and more individuals. In summer season, on the waters of the Delta of Swina regularly in that time can be met very big flocks of the non-breeding and moulting waterbirds. The biggest of them are formed by common pochard hens - up to 10 000 individuals and tufted duck hens -up to 5 000 individuals. On the other hand, the number of non-breeding grey herons in spring and summer is estimated for circa 500 individuals and of greylag geese for circa 140 individuals. Here also rest in great numbers: mute swans, teals, gadwalls and shovelers. Flocks of gulls, mostly herring ones, can number in sumrnmerup to 60 000 individuals. The Delta of Swina is also important for the wintering birds. Here is situated one of the most important wintering grounds in Poland for greylag geese of which number in that period can amount up to 400 individuals. In winter were observed here big flocks of birds coming from the colder regions of Europe; such birds as: whooped swan - up to 250 individuals, smew - up to 3 000 individuals, red-breasted merganser - up to 220 individuals, or goosander - sometimes up to 50 000 individuals. Here can be also met such interesting species as: night heron, goose, brent goose, Andean goose, avocet, jack snipe, phalarope, wrybill, Arctic tem, short-eared owl, water pipit, yellow-headed wagtail and Lapland bunting. Surroundings of the Delta of Swina are threatened with the changes in vegetation (expansion of reed) causing the disappearance of salt pan communities and diversity of habitats which are specific for the estuary. Low vegetation advantageous for majority of the birds gives way to high rushes, which is caused by the reduction in cattle grazing and meadow cutting, excessive use of fertilizers and other chemical substances which cause changes in composition of meadow communities' greennes growth. Expansion of the reed in the Delta of gwina can result in an irreversible disappearance of many bird species, especially plovers and aquatic warbler, within this area. Dramatic situation exists on the Bielawka islands where occured ample breeding grounds of ducks, gulls and tems and rare plovers - oystercatcher and ringed plover; also threatened are the big colonies of herring gulls and black-headed gulls. Well-stocked and high vegetation gives good living conditions to the four-leg predators, mostly foxes, of which number has been rapidly increasing in the last years, which can influence the losses of bird breeding. Other anthropogenic threats are anglers, tourist traffic, and in particular illegal bivouacs in places where exist bird colonies.

- 54 - 6. STATE OF EMISSIONS IN THE AREA OF THE PORT OF SZCZECIN- S WINOUJSkIE

6.1.Pollhttants emissions into the atmosphere

The sources of pollution in the area of the Szczecin-§winoujgcie Port Authority S.A go in excess of the average for the West Pomeranian Voievodeship. The latter is an ordinarily industrialized region which exerts a significant impact on air purity. It is the City of Szczecin itself with industrial factories in its suburbs that is the most industrialized area. The port district belonging to the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port Authority S.A is surrounded by plants which pollute the air to a significant extent. They are the ,,Szczecin Chemical Factory", the ,,Szczecin Power Plant", Petrol Company warehouses, the Szczecin Shipyard S.A., the Gryfia Repair Shipyard, the Plant of Bituminous Mass Manufacturing, the ,,Szczecin Metallurgical Plant", the ,,Skolwin Paper Factory", and the ,,Phosphorous Fertilizer Factory".

TIhemain sources of pollution come from the following operations in the Port of Szczecin: * transshipment and storage of dry and liquid bulk goods which emit dust of varied chemical composition, * burning of fuels in engines of machines and facilities which serve to transship bulk goods, and exhaust gas emissions, mostly of nitric oxides, carbon oxide, sulphur dioxide and aliphatic as well as aromatic hydrocarbons, * burning of power fuels in solid, liquid and gas state, for heating purposes which cause the emission of sulphur dioxide, nitric oxides, dusts, carbon oxide and polycyclic compounds of carcinogenic features,

* fumigation of coffee, cacao and cereal grains with noxious methyl bromide and hydrogen phosphide, * laying of paint layers (to protect machines, facilities and buildings) which contain harmful dissolvents of narcotic features, * storage and distribution of liquid fuels which cause the emission of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, The worsening of air quality is also proportional to the intensity of vehicle traffic, working equipment and watercraft, driven by engines, fed by fuel of petrol origin. Exhaust gases

- 55 - ernitted from engines show a complex compositionand they always contain some quantities of substancesharmful to people's health. In the emitted exhaust gases, the presence of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitric oxides, aldehyds,acids, tar, asphalt and many others is ascertained. The total quantity of pollutantsemitted from the Szczecin-SwinoujsciePort Authority S.A is 1,461.1 Mg/year, of which gas impurities are 33.9%, and dust is 66. 1% of total emission. Most of the 936.1 Mg/a dust emission comes from coal transshipment- 377.0 Mg/a. and ore transshipment-189.7 Mg/a. The largest share of gas emissionshas a power-relatedimpurity from the boiler-house - about 450.0 Mg/a., whereas hydrocarbons (from fuel loading) -about 15.05 Mg/a. The largest quantities of pollutants emitted into the air come from dust on transshipmentsites in the Port of gwinouj§cie.The gas emissions coming mainly from boiler house operation were systematicallydecreased following the change of power generatingfuels. In this area, the central boiler house located in the area of the Szczecin-Swinouj9cie Port Authority S.A was done away with in 1998, which contributedto a drop in gas emissions by 54 Mg/a. or 40%, and in dust emissionsby 64. 7 Mg/a. ie. 76.1% when comparedto 1997.

6.2. Water and waste-water management 6.2.1. Water supply

In the case of the port activities; water is applied for employee needs, technological,fire- protection purposes, and it is sold to watercrafts(table 10). The INFRA-PORT Ltd in Szczecin handles the operationof water intakes, maintenanceof water networks and the sale of water to watercrafts. In §winouj§cie,these tasks are accomplishedby the SwinoujgcieCommercial Port Ltd.

Table 10. Water intakes in the Szczecin-Swinoujgcie port group.

Water intake Capacity Decisionvalidity (mI/h.) South quay - underground water intake - 120 19.08.1998 2 wells Ostr6w Grabowski - underground water 5 x 0,60 registration cards with no

- 56 - intake-5 wells | expiry date

Swinoujiscie Commercial Port - 45 2005 undergroundwater intake - 6 wells

Water from own water intakes on the south quay in Szczecin and from that in Swinoujgcieis treated in water treatment plants situated close to the intakes. The supply of water from own intakes does not cover the demand and the purchase of water from the municipal network is necessarv (table 11).

Table 11. Water consumption between 1995 and 1997 in the Szczecin-gwinoujgcie Port Authority S.A. (in K.m3)

Sourceof water Szczecin Swinoujgcie 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997 Water from own intakes 98 113 78 85 97 84

Purchase of water from 226 285 267 28 - - external sources TOTAL: 324 398 345 113 97 84

6.2.2. Sa7nitarywaste water

Sanitary and rain water sewage is generated in the area of the Szczecin-Swinouj§cie Port Authority S.A. Up to 1998, sanitary sewage had been collected and brought through its treatment facilities to the recipients. The effluent recipients are the Rivers of Odra , Regalica, Pamica and Swina. Since 1998, the Port of Szczecin has had a sewage system which collects and takes sanitary sewage to a modem, highly efficient biological waste water treatment plant on the island of Ostr6w Grabowski. The treatment plant is operated by the ,.Miedzyodrze" Water Association whose shareholder is the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port Authority S.A. (45%). In consequence of the too distant location, sewage from south and east area is collected and discharged to the recipient in the same way as before, after pre-treating.

-57- Documentedresults of sewage tests carried out in the ports of Szczecin and gwinoujgcie (table 4z) show a high load and indices close to admissible limits. Speaking of its quality classification, as to physical and chemicalaspects, the water is off-class.

6.2.3. Rain water

Rain water seweragesystem in the area of the Szczecin-SwinoujgciePort Authority S.A. is composedof local systems of rain water discharging.Rain water is discharged after being pre-treatedin grit arresters,mud and fat catchers or separators eg. AWAS type. To discharge rain water into surface water it is necessaryto obtain a water decision. The regulation by the Ministry of EnviromentalProtection, Natural Resources and Forestry of 5th November 1991 (Journal of Laws no 116, item 503), which determined the admissible concentration of pollutants which may be discharged into water or soil, obliges the user to apply a pre- treatmentfacility and periodical tests of the chemicalcomposition of dischargedwaste water. Szczecin-Swinouj§ciePort Authority S.A. has a water permit to discharge waste water to twenty two rain water and combinedsewerage system outlets.

6.3 Waste

The waste generated in the area of the Szczecin-SwinoujsciePort Authority S.A. is mainly that which is produced by the companies operating in the area and this waste is generated owing to the following work: transshipment, operation and repairs of port's facilities, the output coming from the operations of the port basin dredging, operations of rain water network, operation of combined sewerage network, special waste (wrapping left over by poisonapplied for fumigationprocesses), waste coming from the cleaning of the area. Each company, as a subject which generateswaste, puts forward an individual applicationfor a decision to be issued on the manner of waste disposal. All companies acting in the area of the Szczecin-§winouj§cie Port Authority S.A. have concluded separate contracts with the specialisedcompany processing waste.

6.3.1 Hazardous waste

In the area of the port of Szczecin and Swinouj§cie there are a few subgroups of hazardous waste. They are, among others:

-58- * petrol-relatedsludge and solid waste (CODE 0501), * consumedoil, transformers' oil included,which containPCBs (CODE 1303), * waste coming from oil dehydration in separator (CODE 1305), * batteries(CODE 1606), * waste coming from cleaning of warehousetanks (CODE 1607), * waste similar to urban segregated waste (CODE 1608), such as paints, binder, photographicagents, fluorescentlamps and other containingmercure.

Discharge of these waste is determined with the Department of Environmental Protectionof the VoievodeshipOffice (together with the Voievode).

For all its companies,the Szczecin-SwinoujsciePort Authority S.A. has elaborated.a detailed programmnerelated to the way of proceedingwith particularly noxious and hazardous waste threatening contamination or pollution, determiinedin conjunction with the Voievodeship Sanitary Inspection. The new Law on Waste, requests a new applicationfor a permit to lead activities(in the case of hazardous waste and waste which is generated at an amount above 1 thousand tonnes per year) and for the manner to proceed with waste other than dangerous(generated at an amount ranging from 1 tonne to 1 thousand tonnes per year). In 1999, the Szczecin-SwinoujgciePort AuthorityS.A. prepared a plan of discharge for the waste which is generatedin its area.

6.3.2 Collection of waste from watercraft

Of now, collection of waste from watercraft is not included in the activity of the Szczecin- Swinoui9cie Port Authority S.A. and port companies. The services related thereto are rendered by a specialised company based on direct contracts with the owners of the watercraft. The collectionof waste water, washery effluent, bilge water and possibly of waste to be incineratedwill be possible after starting of the Ilnd phase of the Water TreatmentPlant Ostrow Grabowski,together with the specialisedincinerating plant.

6.4 Dredging works

59- To maintain the required depth of the Szczecin-Swinouj§ciePort Authority S.A. quays it is neccesary to carry out systematic dredging work. Pursuant to the Law on Waste, the excavatedmaterial at an amount ranging from 20 to 30 K m3 in Szczecin and about 20 K m3 in gwinoujscie treated as waste, and it is subject to the procedures related thereto. The chemical composition of the excavated material (bottom sludge) of basins and quays is subject to the impact of the activities of all the plants gathered in the area of the port and availingthemselves of their location close to the water. They ate: the Parnica repair shipyard, the Szczecin Shipyard S.A., the Petrol Distribution Plant, the HPS, the Szczecin Chemical Plant, Paszutil S.A., Nynas S.A. and others. A very important impact is exerted by sanitary sewage of the area of practicallythe whole left bank of the city which is discharged direct to the Odra River. Furthermore,the flood water of 1997 had a significant impact, bringing big amounts of contaminationload into the port basin. The movement of water related to the current of the Odra and backwater cause permanent contaminationsdown and up the river, waterwaysand basins. The Szczecin-§winoujgciePort Authority S.A. is responsiblefor the maintenanceof proper deepness of port basins which are used thereby. These operations are carried out for the Port Authority by the ,,DRAGMOR" Plant of Excavation Work which at the same time negotiates all the fornalities related to the excavation.The other water basins, the waterway from Szczecinto Swinoujscieincluded, are maintainedin the requiredtechnical conditionby the Maritime Office.TheMaritime Office is also the manager and operator of the dumping site on which the whole excavated material from the dredging is collected,together with the material coming from the basins maintained in the proper technical conditionby the Port Authority. Dumping areas for the Szczecinport are in Ostr6w Grabowskiwhich belongs to the Szczecin- Swinoujscie Port Authority S.A. although the dumping area itself is being used by the Maritime Office.

6.5 Noise emissionfrom the Port Area

The basic indicator of environmental noise evaluation is the level equal to Leq dB/A/ (equivalent level). The equivalent level is closely related to time. The measured time of 8 hours during the day and 0,5 hour at night; it can be compared directly to the permissible noise level in the environment.Thelevels depend on the kind of site managementas well as the functions of the areas. The followingnoise level values are typical for each kind of area:

- 60 - * the level equivalent to daytime - for its most advantageous hours, i.e. 6 - 22, * the level equivalent for the night - for half of the most advantageous night hours, i.e. 22 - 6, * maximum short-lived level, regardless of time of the day.

The noise emitted from the port areas of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port Authority S.A. is an after-effect of the activities characteristic of port technology, i.e.:

transshipment - resulting from loading and unloading operation of facilities which run periodically; road and rail transport; storage - ventilation systems, internal transport. The noise is periodical, and its sound changes in time but, owing to frequent practice of the three - shift work, it is emitted both during the day and night. The noise emitted from the port areas cannot, however, exceed the value permissible for acoustically protected areas. Such areas, aiccording to the Regulations by the Ministry of Enviromental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry, are in particular: multi-family housing areas, areas of collective dwellings, single-family housing, and housing areas where young children and teenagers stay for many hours. Emission of noise from the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port Authority S.A. area in Szczecin does not create a problem due to the distance between those areas and the housing estates, except for the sparse building (dispersed development) in Gdaniska and Dolnoslaska Streets. At present, the condition for operating of new-built and modernised constructions is the existence of facilities to protect the neighbourhood from noise in such a way that the noise level should not exceed the permissible values on building site's border.

7. Thie impact of the Port's Infrastructure Elements Upgrading on the Environment

7.1. Environmental impact of the constructions within the maritime waterway

The waterway improvement in the Odra estuary, and in particular the construction works, will influence both biotic and abiotic elements of the water and land environment biosystem. According to brief predesigns, the water way gutter will not be dredged, and there will not be any new cross-out, or new track geometry elements. It is being planned, however, to extend

- 61 - the waterway (from the Ist waterway gate to Szczecin) and also to construct by-passes in gwinoujscie. Failuresof hydrotechnicalconstructions force the modernisationof the bank reinforcementof Piastowski and Mielinski Canals (repair, modernisation, building of new hydrotchnical structures, e.g. tubes, graims, audibility thresholds) with the use of the best technology available for constructionsof this type. It is being planned to use technical solutions applied by the Rotterdam Maritime Group - preparing the introduction of the World Bank loan project. The constructionsmodernised on Piastowskiand Mielinski Canals are on the border of the protectionzone of the WolinskiNational Park - thus the forecast hydrotechnicaldevelopment cannot change the hydraulics of the water regions, and in particular the bank and floor stability of the gwina River Backward Delta. This work shall not cause any change in the navigationfunction of the PiastowskiCanal to the River Stara gwina where local traffic of fishing boats and cutters is allowed in the existing depth parameters. The upgrading work shall not woprsenthe conditionsof navigationsafety on the waterway of the SzczecinBay or in the Piastowski and Mielifiski Canals and at the same time should do away with the transversalcurrents in these sections. It is anticipated that the widening of the waterwayfrom the Ist Waterway Gate to Szczecin (up to 11mO) will cause a larger and freer inflow of salted water into the estuary during the backwaters, which will most certainly have an impact on the taxonomic structure of water organismsand a larger expansion of dredgingsand in particular their ecological structure of which spatialstructure. The bank strengtheningfor canals, and the two breakers of the Ist WaterwayGate (length 450 m).will change the local landscape values, and at the same time will improve the safety of navigation.The largest hazard to the environmentwill be excavation work in waterwaysand in the port of Szczecin,related to the removal of the material excavated from the bottom for the forecast hydrotechnicalstructures and their storage (the decision for the dumping site has not been adopted vet). It is forecast to differentiatethe excavated material (in the Polish legal system the excavated material is waste, and therefore, there are storage charges to be paid) out: very contaminated(from port basins), moderatelycontaminated (from the Szczecin Bay - a retention reservoir of the lower course of the Odra River), and clean sludge from the Piastowskiand MielifiskiCanals. During these works,there are local emissionsof noise, dust, exhaust gas (from heavy building machines,means of transport and watercraft)of a periodicalnature.

- 62 - 7.2. The, impact of infrastructure'supgrading in the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostrow Grabowskion environment

During the work in the area of the Szczecin Port, and in particular in Ostrow Grabowski, and in Katowicki Peninsula, some preparatory work will be necessary whose effect may be the destruction in greenery, bushes and trees, which can infringe in a crucial manner the present landscape values of the area; one of the investment elements is the zone of Ecological System of Szczecin's Municipal Greenery. The implementaion of the programme with regard to the development of the port infrastructure in Ostr6w Grabowski and Katowicki Penninsula requires the removal of bushes and trees. As is shown by the inventory of the greenery taken in the area forecast for the discussed investment, there are presently 478 trees, including:

* willows (Salix cinerea, S. fragilis, S. caprea) - 247 trees * dowrnybirch (Betula pubescens) - 99 trees

* aspen (Populus tremula) - 87 trees * black poplar (Populusnigra italica) - 20 trees * commnonalder (Alnus glutinosa) - 25 trees and about 7720 m3of willow bushes.

In case the investment is implemented most of these trees and bushes will require being removed. To keep up the ecological permeability of the network of the protected areas. The Spatial Layout Plan for the Port of Szczecin guaranteed keeping up of ecological corridors. Two of them are located in the Ostr6w Grabowski, its south part along the river Duficzyca, the other one below the north neck of land of the island. These corridors are joined to a vast area of the Ecological System of Municipal Greenery which lies east of Ostrow Grabowski and Katowicki Peninsula. The implementation of the port infrastructure will not infringe the maintenance of the ecological corridors, and will not collide with them. In the 1970s the idea of Extensive Spatial System of the Protected Areas was elaborated, and it was given the name of the Ecological Network of Protected Area. The basis for this concept is the assumption that this network is created by structures of a large area (loop zone) and zones of linear character (ecological corridors). The animals spend most of time within the loop zone, however, in some seasons of the year, in some hours of the day they may displace and migrate. The migrations take place along the ecological corridor, and they determine the consistency of

- 63 - animal populations.The ecological barriers are created among other things by a system of traffic itineraries, power lines, degraded zones. They cross the Ecological Network of ProtectedZones (loop zones and ecologicalcorridor) and they cause their fragmentation. They disorganisedthe structure of biocenosesthreating the existence of many populationsof animalsand plants. The area of the port and its neighbourhoodare in the centre of the Ecological Network of Protected Areas which is created by the axis of the river Odra with the inferior systems of the rivers of Plofi and Ina. The spatial structure of the port makes up an ecologicalbarrier for the course of ecologicalcorridors which join the loop zones such as:

- water zones - the delta of the Odra, Dabie Lake, the Szczecin Bay, - land zones- the EuropeanBeech Forest, the WkrzariskiForest, the GoleniowForest. For the above given reasons, it is very important to guaranteein the plan of Spatial Layout of the port, the maintenance of the green spaces which fulfill the functions of ecological corridors. The groundwork related to the implementationof the soil bank will force the investor to utilise the excavatedmaterial from the excavationworks in the basin which is indicated by the balance of earth masses - and thereforethe rain waters which are absorbed by the dumping ground of the bottomdeposits and silting may cause a secondary contaminationof the water environment(surface water and ground water). Excavation work related to the dredging of the waterways will cause periodical disturbances in the ecological balance of the existing biotope (the basins' bottomand water) and in the biocenoseswhich will take place as a result of mineral seston generation.Another dangerouseffect may be the secondary re-emission of impurity loads from the existing bottom deposits to the water environment. The investment forecast will cause a permanent exclusion of the areas which used to have a value as ecological land, and in particular the enclaveswhich came into being because of secondary succession and synanthropisationof the natural environment. Independently of the above mentionedhazards, there will be periodical emission of noise, vibration,dust, odours (gasous phases of bitumenmasses, and also raising of organic sludge from the bottom which is in the phase of aerobicdigestion), exhaust gas (from heavy building equipment,means of transport, and watercraft),drainage of rain water from build-up areas which should be directed through the drainage system to the nearby waste water treatment plant (non organic and organic sedimentpetrol - related substances,included).

64- Evaluatingthe onerousnessfor the environment of the concept related to the upgrading and the developmentof the port infrastructureon Ostr6w Grabowskiand Katowicki Peninsula in Szczecin,pursuant to the Order by the Ministryof EnviromentalProtection Natural Resources and Forestry, of 23rd April, 1990 we can claim that the forecast includedin the scope of this conceptcannot cause:

* emission of impuritiesto the air at an amount in excess of 5 K tonnes annually; * a worseningof water relations, * contamination,infringement of dynamicbalance of the earth surface, • increasedwater demand, * generationof electro-magneticfield in excess of standards, * increasedintensity of noise in the environment.

As to the Katowicki Penninsula, as well as to Ostr6w Grabowski there will be hazards generated there which classify the discussed investments as harmful to the enviromnent because of:

1. Generationand disposalof urban waste, 2. Generationand dischargeto ground and flowingwater (of Da,bieLake, the DuiiczycaRiver and t]heMielefiski Canal) of waste water requiringtreatment, 3. Generationof oiled water (of contents ranging from 5 % to 95 % of water) which may be the result of averages near the wharves or may be caused by spilled petrol - related and oil

- related fluids.

It is very important for all the activities related to the adaptation of the island and Katowicki Peninsula for the upgradingand developmentof the port infrastructure to: * provide the area where the upgradingand developmentis to take place with a sufficient quantity of water . exclude any possibility of spills from watercrafts staying in the port canals and in cross- outs * keep efficient the installation which brings the waste water to the Ostr6w Grabowski Waste Water TreatmentPlant. * solve the problem of industrialproduction and urban waste in Ostr6w Grabowskiand of specialisedwaste coming from watercrafts.

- 65 - * not to allow planting of foreign trees and bushes which are different from the natural phytocenosischaracteristic for the areas of the Miedzyodrze, * not to allow to destroy the greenery of reed and rush on the side of the canals and MielefiskiCross-out. and also the trees which grow on the Island (apart from the necessary sanitaryclearance).

7.2.1 Possible Investment's Impact on Surface Water

While implementingthe investmentof upgradingof the infrastructurein the Port of Szczecin - Swinoujgcie,it is anticipatedto carry out the work in phases. There will be a hazard to the environment at the moment of putting the area in order, reinforcing it with water and waste water installations and with power cable, the preparation of port quays, as well as at the momentof buildingof volume facilitiesand traffic routes. Becausethe area on which the foundationsof buildings and other volume facilitieswill be set is not permeable,the work must be carried out with particular care. The plant stand of water ecosystem in the area of Szczecin Port is not stabilised.This results from the activity of multi abiotic factors related to the operationand managementof the Port. They are, among others: * Significant ondulating caused by the movement of the watercraft which brings in consequenceflooding of shoots or tearing them off from parent plants which weakens the vitalityof plants. * Contaminationof water with the minimum quantities of petrol-relatedmaterials and dry materialswhich occur in loading and unloadingoperations. * Allochtonous contaminationsbrought to this area from the Odra River basin and their accumulationon the surface in the water and on the bottom. * Autochthonous contamination resulting from the decomposition of biomass excess of phytoplancton which appeared during natural production processes in the water environment.

The dangers for sparse flora stand of water ecosystems are caused by present and forecast economic activities of the Port. Therefore, it is very difficult to combine the protection of determined water ecosystem elements with the essential objectives and the function of the trafficjunction fulfilled by the Port. It is possible to prevent some negative impacts of some of the factors mentioned above by introduction of strict provisions to control the environment

- 66 - degradation in the area of the port. Pursuant to the Kolkwitz and Marson's method with the dynamic modification of Caspers and Karbe, a set of saphrobes characteristic for polluted zones of sweet water was determined. As the water of the River Pamica, Duniczyca, Mieleniski Cross 'Heading and D4bie Lake adjacent to the area foreseen for the port upgrading and development they can be, in principle, included among alpha mesosaphrobic waters in seasons, determined organisms like saprobionts and saprophiles should exist in it. The forecast port upgrading and development must take into account the fact that nobody should discharge into the Odra River or Dabie Lake contaminated water from facilities erected on Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski island. Even insignificant averages in the area of the port and in particular in the area of the upgraded and developed district will cause disturbances in the existing homeostasis and the generation in the water close by the designed quays the following zones:

1. polisaprobic (currently -saprobionts) 2. alpha mesosaprobic ( currently only in seasons - saprophile) 3. oligosaprobic (in future - saprophobes)

The following species composition of saprophiles in the oxidation and reduction zone or in alpha mesosaprobic zone are admitted: Bacteria, Schizomycetes- Spahaerotilus natans Cyano)hvta - Oscillatoria princeps, Oscillatoria brevis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Oscillatoria chalybaea, Oscillatoria redeckei, Oscillatoria splendida Euglenophyta - Trachelomonas hispida

Pyrrophyta- Cryptomonadineae - Cryptomonas erosa Baccilariophyceae - Stephanodiscus hantzshii, Navicula cuspidata, Navicula cuspidata var. amnbiqua,Navicula viridula, Hantzschia amphiroxys, Nitzschia acicularis, Nitzschia palea Chlorophvta. Volvocales - Chlamydomonas ehrenbergii, Gonium pectorale, Stigeoclonium tenue Fungi - Leptomitus lacteus, Mucor recemosus, Fusarium aquaeductum Ciliata spp. div. Tub ificidae Chironomidae Rotatoria Daphnia pulex

- 67 - Copepoda Ichtio fauna

We should assume that as a result of Ostr6w Grabowski Waste Water Treatment Plant, an improvement and change in water class on the East Odra and Dabie Lake may occur. At the same time it may bring about a change in the taxanomic composition of the saprobs into the group of saproxens, characteristic of the zone of light contamination, and in the future - into saprophobs , which are characteristic of practically pure waters.

Water which at any moment, during building or operating of the port upgrading and development on Ostr6w Grabowski and Katowicki Peninsula, may be directed to the water bordering with the island, should not worsen the hitherto hydrochemical indices of water, and in particular those for pH, biological oxygen demand 5 phosphates and nitrates provided for in Annex I to the Regulations by the Minister of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry of 5th November 1991 (J.of L. of 16th December 1991, no 116 item 503) on ,, Water Classification and Terms which are to be met by Waste Water Discharged into Water or Soil ". Therefore, monitoring of land and water environment shall be carried out in compliance with the contents included in chapter 9 table 12 of this paper.

7.2.2. During correct operation

During the correct operation, no damage to flowing and ground water is anticipated to arise from the investment project, provided that all necessary protections are carried out, and all the requirements of reconmmendations for the maintenance of hydrochemical indices of water are kept up so as to ensure a minimum of 3rd class of water purity (in particular with reference to sanitary indices), and the facilities and equipment will be of highest quality, with a permanent supervision of water condition. Apart from situations of extraordinary danger of fire, flooding or any other disaster or else cases of purposefully destroyed tanks of liquid substances, a periodical pollution of the environment may occur. This type of investment project may worsen the environment condition at the phase of its building, early phases of operation, which will be easy to be located and neutralized with an efficient system of protections. Monitoring of land and water environment is recommended pursuant to chapter 9, table 12.

-68 - 7.2.3.In the case of liquidation of the investmentproject

Depending on the variant of investment liquidation which should be drawn up by the investor.,the method of waste and of dismantledconcrete foundations disposal will be applied.

Buildings and facilities shall be easily dismantledwithout any need to carry out costly earth work or to destroy tree stands or else to cause hazards to the water environment.

7.3. Impact of accompanying excavation work (silting)on the environment

To rnaintain the navigation on waterways, it is necessary to have them constantly dredged, which is related to constant excavation of significant amounts of bottom deposit. The port basins also become silted, and they also require periodical dredging.

Table 7. CONTENTS OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN THE AREA UPGRADING OF PORT [NFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS

Tested Organic facilitv matter mg*kg1 s.m. (%_ )______s _ 0-5 jg Cd Pb Cu Zn Cr Ni P 0-5 0.19 0.99 37.8 27.2 114.9 5.0 6.0 11 Canals (2.1)* 0.08- 0.11- 4.2-78.8 1.1- 8.4-255 1,0-10.8 1.3-11.4 0-

0.32 2.51 _119.8 _ _ basins 5-10 0.69 5.18 117.5 76.8 485.4 29.1 16.1 10 and (6.6)* 0.30- 2.05- 64.0- 48.5- 286-843 11.6- 9.3-37.1 0- water 1.09 10.11 214.5 149.7 40.3 of the -__ I_I Szczeci 10-15 1.31 9.16 167.2 118.0 857.6 48.5 33.8 20 n Port (12.6)* 0.43-3.0 3.80- 42.9- 28.0- 563- 14.8- 18.5- 0- 14.96 266.6 255.5 1315 88.6 43.4 15-20 1.64 13.21 189.8 168.5 1148.4 45.8 41.3 18 (17.4)* 1.05- 3.47- 31.1- 38.0- 220- 13.8- 12.1- 0- 2.52 22.7 399.0 290.2 2032 122.0 115.5 >20 1.97 14.0 188.9 175.7 1281.4 67.4 59.4 18 (22.8)* 1.16- 6.80- 55.3- 86.1- 604- 13.2- 29.9- 0-

______3.41 21.8 366.0 322.8 1836 156.0 106.1 0-5 0.06 0.34 7.8 3.2 30.0 2.1 5.7 33 Waterway, __ of wiana (1.4)* 0.005- 0-1.78 2.4-15.6 0.1-9.9 7.4-57.5 0.1-4.0 0.9-2.4 0- 0.23 5-10 Sludge of organic matter above 5% was not ascertained 10-15

* ~~~~~~-69- 15-20

>20

0-5 0.18 0.92 3.19 14.6 130.4 7.8 6.5 14 (1.6)* 0.01- 0.10- 3.7- 1.2-54.7 6.2- 1.3-16.3 1.6-20.8 1 0.62 2.93 111.6 491.4 Water 5-10 0.69 4.55 75.9 52.0 697.0 12.6 29.9 10 track (8.8)* _ betwee 10-15 1.17 6.69 170.4 89.8 915 24.0 34.7 8 n the (12.4)* 0.75- 4.10- 107.7- 50.0- 646- 16.5- 28.0- 7 Gate 1 1.72 11.79 232.9 143.2 1218 33.8 149.2 IV of 15-20 1.10 10.20 176.0 107.9 1054 86.6 53.9 12 the (18.2)* 0.20- 5.28- 117.8- 65.3- 809- 10.1- 26.6- 5 Szczeci 2.00 15.65 276.0 144 1278 136.6 91.0 nBay ___ >20 1.60 10.55 162.7 113.0 1112 64.5 50.5 10 (22.5)* 1.30- 2.04- 54.4- 14.9- 177- 4.7- 16.7- 3 2.05 15.80 265.0 170.0 1734 142.0 113.0

NOTE: red colour was used to mark exceeded admissible concentrations pursuant to the Polish laws. The excavated bottom deposit, although rich in biogenous macroelements, also contains significant quantities of contaminations which were bound and precipitated in the process of sedimentation (table 7). These contaminations can be relieved from the deposits during excavating and their depositing in dumping areas or their flooding on separated areas of sea bottom which may cause an environmental hazard. The deposits of port basins as well as other deposits rich in organic matter, contain big amounts of xenobiotics, heavy metals included (hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni) oil ether- extractable substances, chloro-organic pesticides and post-chlorinated biphenyls - PCBs. A permanent control is carried out with reference to the contamination in the deposits which are excavated in the ports and estuaries of the Odra River, and then deposited on the dumping area located close to ports and waterways.

7.4. Possibility for air polluting emissions to occur in the areas of upgrading

The areas of the Port of Szczecin- Swinoujscie are mainly located in the north part of Miqdzyodrze, between the West Odra (the Odra ) and the eastern Odra (the Regalica).

-70 - In this area, industrialplants are also located, they are: the ,,PARNICA"Repair Shipyard, and ,,Gryfia."SSR, the"Szczecin" Chemical Factory, the warehouses of Petrol Industry, the Szczecin ShipyardSA, and the Szczecin Power Plant. The Port of Szczecinis also located on the west bank of the Odra (The Huk Wharf, the Workshop Wharf) where the Phosphorous Fertilizer Factory. the Szczecin Metallurgical Plant , and the ,Skolwin"'Paper Factory are located. The whole port, together with the discussed area of Ostr6w Grabowski and Katowicki Peninsula are designated pursuant to the Spatial Layout Plan of the City for industrial and service management. The nearest compact housing estates are west of the Odra and east of the Regalica , new housing estates belonging to the Da,bie estate are more distant. In the area of the port there is a large number of non-organized emission lowly raised above terrain level, they are surface, point sources of changing location. Furthermore, there is a large amount of emissions located in the open space, and that is why the atmospheric conditions often determine the level of pollution. The occurrence of big quantities of low sources of non organized emissions is a factor unfavourable for good spread of the contarminations as this is mostly due in the neighbourhood of the emission sources. Currently, in the Ostr6w Grabowski, there is a waste water treatment plant with which the emissions of ammonia, sulpher hydrogen, bacteria and odours are related. These emissions are lower than admissible standards and they do not go out of the Plant's area.

Business activities are handled in the area of the Ostrow Grabowski - transshipments of unit conmmodities (containers) and in the ro-ro technology with the use of available navigation basins. In the eastern part of the island, the service of the largest watercraft corning to Szczecin is anticipated, and in the northern part of the island a base for sea-going ferries is foreseen. The aforementioned investment projects will increase the air emission of contaminations which arise while fuel buming by watercraft. The worseningof air qualityin the area of the Ostr6w Grabowskiand Katowicki Peninsula during the investment project building will be proportional to the intensity of vehicles and watercraft driven by engines, and also to the emissions of dust caused by earth works. Exhaust gases from engines have a complex composition and they always contain substances harnful to people. In the emitted exhaust gases, the presence of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitric oxides, aldehyds, acids, tar, asphalt and many others is ascertained.

- 71 - Apart from the mentioned substances,engines may emit toxic lead and sulphur compounds as well as heavy metals. These emissionsas well as dust emissionswill be periodical and they will be over the moment the work on infrastructureupgrading and developmentis completed.

Emissions from investmentsnewly located in this area will depend upon the type of the investment, and therefore it is required to have individual Evaluations on Environmental Impact for each of them.

7.4.1.Results of the analysis of onerousness for the air after the upgrading of the Szczecin Port areas.

The analysis of onerousness (annex no 1) caused by anticipated emissions of pollutants from possible sources of heating generationoperating with gas fuel/ earth high-methanegas

GZ-11-50)with reference to S02,NO2,, CO, dust, showed that no excession of admissible standards will occur in the limits of the Szczecin Port and outside it, pursuant to the Regulations by the Minister of Environment Protection,Natural Resources and Forestry of 3rd September1998 (J. of L. 1998 no 122 item 805)

The analysis of onerousness (annex 2) caused by emissions of pollutants from possible sources of heat operated on liquid fuels like oil, with reference to S02,NO2, CO, and dust showed that no excess of admissible standardswill occur in the own limits of the upgraded area of the Szczecin Port and outside it, pursuant to the Regulations by the Minister of Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry of 3rd September 1998 (J. of L. 1998 no 122 item 805). Processes of periodical emissions may occur while manipulating tankers - warehouse tanks and emnissionindices were calculated for aliphatic(RH) and aromatic(ArH) hydrocarbons according to the recommendations of the AMERICAN PETROLEUMINSTITUTE.

The analysis of onerousness(annex no 3) caused by anticipatedemissions of pollutants from possiblemeans of land transportwith referenceto RH /ArH, NO2,, CO, dust, showed that both in the phase of implementationand building no excession of admissible standards will occur for the concentrations of S30 and S24 in the limits of the Szczecin Port and outside it pursuant to the Regulations by the Minister of Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry of 3rd September 1998 (J. of L. 1998 no 122 item 805)

- -2 The analysis of onerousness (annex no 4) caused by anticipated emissions of noise from means cf transport and port technologicalfacilities indicated that the anticipatedmeasure shall not exceed a growth in the onerousness in the areas of the nearest housing estates; a much larger impact on them is exerted by the traffic in overloaded traffic lines in this area ie. GdaniskaStreet. Pursuant to the Regulationsby the Minister of EnvironmentProtection, Natural Resources and Forestry of 13th May 1998 (J. of L. 1998 no 66 item 436) in the neighbourhood of the areas included in the analysis , the level of noise during the day (55dB(A)and night (45dB(A)will not be exceededin the nearest estates.

7.4.2. The results of onerousness for the air in the upgraded areas of Piastowski and Mieliniski Canals

The analysis of onerousness(annex no 5) causedby anticipatedemissions of noise from means of transport, excavatorsoperating in the day and at night, spreadingof sound, and the highest level of acoustic power indicated that the anticipated measure shall not cause onerousnessin the areas of the nearest housing estates, the more so that the area included in the analysis has no standard limit of noise. Pursuant to the Regulationsby the Minister of EnvironmentProtection, Natural Resourcesand Forestry of 13th May 1998 (J. of L. 1998 no 66 item 436) in the neighbourhoodof the areas included in the analysis , the level of noise during the day (50dB(A) and night (4OdB(A)will not be exceededin the nearest estates.

- 73 - 8. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANTS OF SOLUTIONS FOR MODERNISA TION OF ELEMENTS OF THE PORT INFRASTRUCTURE

8.1. Identification of variants

Each variant of modernisation of elements of the port infrastructure has to meet the following, basic elements of the choice criterion: indispensability, functionality, improving safety of navigation, practicability of execution (technical, material and referred to time consuming and influencing all elements of the natural environment. Variants accepted as the optimum solutions should also take into consideration specifying of influence on the natural environment on the stage of preliminary works, execution and operating of modernised elements of the infrastructure of the Port which is in conformity with the Polish and international agreements related to the protection of the natural environment.

8.1.1 Identification of variants of solutionsfor the sea waterway:

1. Renouncing of the project - causes the total. degradation of the sea waterway that will cause necessity for renouncing of navigation of vessels hitherto using this waterway. Such a status threatens the existence of ports of the Szczecin Lagoon (Zalew Szczeciniski) and the Lower Odra River -and will have negative influence for the inland navigation. During operating of the sea waterway and before its excluding from operating, damages of vessels using the above specified Canals have to be taken into account.

2. Modernisation of Canals with a dozen or so reducers - the required damping of flows, profitable for the environment of the Szczecin Lagoon will take place, navigation will be dramatically decreased, and events, non-profitable for the constancy of the hydraulic engineering development, will take place too.

3. Modernisation of Canals open without reducers - flows are increased, occurrences allowing for increasing the constancy of the hydraulic engineering development appear, there is expected a slight influence onto the environment of the Szczecin Lagoon.

4. The Mielinski Canal opened, the Piastowski Canal with the anti-storm gate, or flood- gate the solution proposed as the final solution, univocally stopping changes of the

- 74 - environment of the Szczecin Lagoon, enabling for the partial return to the conditions existing before the construction of the Canals.

5. Depth of Canals 10.5 m - the depth 10.5 m. exists in the southern part of the Piastowski Canal only. The remaining water regions of both the Mielinski Canal and the Piastowski Canal are deeper - more than 12.5 m. in the considerable areas of beds of these Canals. Shallowing of the bottoms of Canals until 10.5 m requires completing of bigger depths with loose grounds and after it execution of strengthening. A current controlling of the status of the bottom and its preservation will be required. 6. Depth of Canals 12.5 m - the existing depths remain unchanged, with the necessity for relatively small dredging works, mainly in the area of the I Brama Torowa (the First Fairway Gate) (behind over depths, so called "pot-holes" with the depth of about 22.0m.).

7. Depth of Canals 14.5 m - a targeted option possible in case when the solutions as under item 3 will be accepted. In accordance with the executed research, the depths of the Canals become bigger with 2-4cm per year depending on regions of the Canals. Carrying out of bank protections allowing for increasing of the depths of Canals from 10.5m up to 14.5m without a negative influence on the stability of these bank protections is required.

8.1.2. Identification of variantsof solutionsfor the infrastructureof areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and the Ostr6w Grabowski:

1. Renouncing of the realisation of the project - preservation of existing status quo is univocal with acceptation of stagnation of development of the Port of Szczecin and consequently with gradual decreasing of its part in the national economy and eliminating out of the merchandise exchange.

2. Another location (for example Swinoujcecie, Police) and bringing into contact with the network of home and international roads (railway, motor and navigation), missing of organised storage yard for silts and diggings (SUR). However the possible variant is many times more expensive and difficult as regards its execution because of lack of adaptation of land roads and disapproval of local communities.

- 75 - 3. Executing of the port warehouse and transport infrastructure on the Katowicki Peninsula only, without the Ostr6w Grabowski with using the existing S11R- it would be the minor part of the wide programme of developmentof the infrastructureof SzczecinPort only. As a result Szczecin would lose a chance to become a centre for stevedoring of containers for the western part of Poland and eastern part of Germany. Again, creation of conditions for investment at the Ostr6w Grabowski, which areas are the main background for developmentof the Port of Szczecinwould be delayed.

4. Executing the port warehouse and transport infrastructureon the Ostr6w Grabowski only, without the Katowicki Peninsula with using the existing SUR - possible for execution, however it would be not the complete programme for development. Its execution would cause incompleteuse of the northern part of the Katowicki Peninsulain places for servicing vessels at the Katowickie-Dalby and Dabrowieckie quays, which are the easiest (and the cheapest) for realisation and would create a considerableup-growth of the modern potential of bulk and liquid cargoes, and as above, in the scope of the conventionalgeneral cargo, for which (primarily)the quays situated along the Regalica River are planned; and as above, for activation of the inland navigation (mainly to Gernany), for which such a bringing the Katowicki Peninsula into cultivation would have remarkable advantages (location close to the main waterway leading to the south and west).

5. Execution of the project of infrastructureof the Katowicki Peninsula and the Ostrow Grabowski with using the existing SUR - is the variant fully conformable to the settlements of the Master Plan for Spatial Development of the Port of Szczecin, where the said Plan is currently in the final stage of legislation; continuation of the strategy of development of the Port of Szczecin in accordance with which particular elements of the technical infrastructure (mainly traffic) have been executed for years with co-operation of the World Bank; possessing in considerably part the formally-legal procedures related to the realisation of this project accepted and executed by the local authorities.

The applicant - the Port of Szczecin Authority JSC (Zarzqd Portu Szczecin S.A.) is the perpetual user of the areas designed for development, finds and uses previously unknown reserve areas, starts investing into the new developmental areas of the Ostrow Grabowski and at the same time makes further investment in this, that time the most attractive, port area possessing the most convenient, both water and land, communication connections.

- 76 - 8.2 A prognosisfor influence of variants onto the natural environment

The influence and estimation of effects and the force of conflict of variants of modernisation of the elements of the port infrastructure against navigation conditions, hydraulics, possibility for polluting the natural environment, the natural values, especially fishery, the status of hydrobiontsand a flood impendingis showed in the following mould of choice. The environmentthat is the most threatened with degradationis superficiallotic water, whierethis influenceon the environmentwill be the most stronglymarked during the executing wcrks, whereas this negative influence will be lower during the normal operation of the above mentioned infrastructure. It is even estimated that certain elements of the environment will regenerate themselves, or this or other way, the considerable improvement of these parameters will take place - these elements of biosystems are among others the quality of water, hydraulics, fishery, fish culture and hydrobionts.

Table 8. ANALYSIS OF THE SEA WATERWAY lNVESTMENT IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Specificationof places of conflict Variants

_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~12 3 4 5 6 7 Force of the conflict during constant operatin Hydraulics + ++ 0 0 + ++ Navigation and safety of traffic ±++--+++ 0 -H- -++ Landscapeadvantages 0 0000 0 0 Environmental hazard (pollution, diminution of * * * * * * * water, noise, smells) Constant, necessary depth 0 ++- 0 + ++ ++ Influence on salinity of water in the estuary 0 P.I. P.I. P.. P.I. P.I. Fish culture 0 0 ++ 0 + ++ ++ Hydrobionts in the estuary 0 +/- P.I. 0 0 P.I. + Recreation functions (yachting, water-motor sports, 0 0 ++- +-I- ++ + etc. Quality of water 0 0 -+ + ++-+H ± Threateningof the estuary with flood P.T. + -H 0 + + +

-77- Force of the conflict during executingof works Qualitvof water O O O O O O O Hydrobionts in the estuary (the Lagoon-the Baltic 0 +/ P.I. + O P.I. ++ sea) Fishery - P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. Landscape advantages 0 0 P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. Navigation and safety of traffic 0 ++ ++ -++ 0 0 0 Recreation functions (yachting, water-motor sports, 0 ++ ++ + + 0 0 etc.) Strenuousness for population 0 0 0 0 0 0 The area behind direct range of changes P.T. 0 0 0 0 0 0 The environmental stress (noise, exhaust gases etc.) 0 P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T P.T. P.T.

Refers to the status of the environment in the range of considered element P.I.: Potential Improvement, +: slight improvement, ++: considerable improvement; 0: neutral; P.T. Potential Threat; -: slight degradation; --degradation; ---: considerable degradation; *: intermediate influence

Table 9. ANANYLIS OF lMPACT OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT OF AREAS OF THE KATOWICKI PENINSULA AND THE OSTROW GRABOWSKI ON THE ENVIRONMENT .Specification of places of conflict |Variants INol1 No2 No 3 No4 No 5 Force of the conflict during the constant operation Hydraulics 0 0 - 0o ++ Navigation and safety of traffic 0 P.I. P.I. P.I. +-H The environmental risk (pollution, diminu- * tion of water, noise, smells, electromagnetic radiation Constant, necessary depth 0 ++ ++ ++ ++ Influence to salinity of the port water 0 P.I. P.I. P.I. +/- Fishery, sport and recreational fishing 0 P.I. ++ ++ ++ Hydrobionts in the system of the port water 0 +/- + ++ ++ Land biota 0 Lithosphere 0 P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. Recreational functions (yachting, 0 0 + + ++ water-motor sport, pleasure-boats etc.) Landscape advantages 0 P.T. P.T. P.T. P.T. Quality of water 0 + + + + Threatening of the estuary with flood 0 +/- * * *

- 78 - The self-evident positive element is considerable improving parameters of safety of traffic and navigation within the waterway, what decreases the risk of collision, catastrophes, which always gives the element of the ecologicalrisk (independentlyon a kind of cargo carried and the type of a vessel). There were also taken into considerationelements of the environment, which will be slightly rebuilt, and in relation to land biosystems it will be expected a slight change within both units of vegetationand animal,mainly of the synanthrophiccharacter.

Taking into considerationspecified in the beginning criterion of choosing of variants for the sea waterway variants 3 and 6, and for the infrastructureof the Katowicki Peninsula *and[the Ostr6w Grabowskithe variant no 5 has been chosen.

* Moreover, the additionalelement decidingabout chosen criterion was the complexityof the solution and positiveness of the final effect (especially economic), the real time and executionframes.

9. PLAN OF MANAGING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

In connection with planned works on the investment of modernisation of elements of infrastructureof the Port, there is expected including to the actual structure of the managing with the environment existing in the Western Pomerania Province. The following scheme shows additionallythe part of the investor, it means the Szczecin Maritime Office and the Szczecin-§winouj9ciePort Authority JSC in controlling and managing with the environment within which the preparing, constructionworks will be executed, as well as the operatingthe investmentshanded over for using, which will appearas the effect of execution of the project.

The environmentwill be directlymanaged by:

v for the sea waterwayexisting within the area of internal sea water - the Manager of the SzczecinMaritime Office with the help of own services (the blue colour in the scheme)

v for modernisationand developmentof the infrastructurewithin the port area - in the land territory the Governor of Western Pomerania Province (the public administration- the beige and violet colours)via the Szczecin-SwinoujsciePort AuthorityJSC.

The authoritiesestablishing interference and managementwith the environmentwill be: 1. the local sanitary services(depending on competenceand location) 2. the territorial self-governments(provincial, administrative districts or communal)

- 80 - 3. Inspectionof the environmentprotection.

In cases of catastrophesor break-downs,rescue operations are organisedand executed in accordancewith the orders of the Maritime Office, the Szczecin- SwinoujsciePort Authority, or other institutions: a. own services of the Maritime Office of Szczecin b. own rescue services of the Szczecin-iwinoujgcie Port Authority (the fire brigade etc.) c. The "Shipservice"specialist enterprise

- 81 - FIG. 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MANAGING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. MODERNISATION OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE PORT INFRASTRUCTURE

PR0fl~CSANITNARYA

g 9 ~~~~~SERVICES9

\ - / / ~~~~~Providial\ \ / / ~~~~County_

Expert-advising institutions hired by contractor, i.e. AgriculturalAcademy, Maritime Academy, Maritime Institute

- 82- There are governmental services in the area of planned modernisation of the Port infrastructure.These services are engaged in protecting and managing of the environmentand, also, inspecting (the yellow colour). A final acceptance of the investment depends on these institutions, what depends on fulfilling of requirements of evaluation of influence on the enmironment.

Essentially important for decisions about the investment territorial self-governments and dependingon them specialist servicesare marked with the grey colour. At last the existing services responsible for the managing of the environment protection in the territory of *modernisationof the elements of the infrastructure,controlling either everyday or in the short time intervals the whole area subordinateto the Maritime Office of Szczecin (SUM) and the * Szczecin- SwinoujsciePort Authority JSC - observationalpernanent stations and controlling boats. At last, acting under orders of the Investor and the Territorial Self-Governments researches and controlling of the natural environmentashore and in water plus researches of atmosphereare executed. These institutionsresponsible for above are marked in this diagram with the violet colour.

9.1. Management with the environment and acting in situations of the extraordinary threat of the environment in the territory of the Szczecin- Swinoujscie Port Authority joint stock company (ZPS-S S.A.)

There is the instructionno 5/98 relatedto executing of "The Plan of Acting in case of the extraordinarythreat in the territory of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port AuthorityJSC". This Regulation was issued basing on provisionsof the Resolution about the protection and forming of the environment(The Journal of Laws no 133 of 1997, item 885/ the uniform text/) and the

Ordinance of the Council of Ministersdated May 13th 1997 year about the method for fighting against sea pollution (Journal of Laws no 53, item 337) binding in the territory of the Szczecin- SwinoujsciePort Authority joint stock company. The risk for appearing of the extraordinary threat in the territory of the Szczecin- Swinoujscie Port Authority Joint Stock Company is possible in the followingplaces:

* warehousesof dangerouscargoes, * stockingyards of dangerousgoods, including containeryards, terminals, * installationsfor stevedoringand storage of the liquidpitch and tar,

- 83 - * standard berths, * roads and railway sub grades, * supply warehouses, handy warehouses of dangerous materials, * fuel stations, * repair shops, * port water regions.

The extraordinary threat of the environment in the port territory can appear during:

* stevedoring and storage of cargoes, * land and sea transportation.

A co-ordinator of activities leading to delimit effects of the extraordinary threat of the environ-ment and executing of the rescue action in the territory of the Szczecin- Swinoujgcie Port Authority joint stock company in Szczecin is Portowa Shauba Ratownicza (the Port Rescue Service). Technologies of stevedoring of cargoes ensure, admittedly, the safety of service of all cargoes, however the risk always exists. Reloading of crude oil and fuels is not executed in the Szczecin- Swinoujscie Port Authority Joint Stock Company. Most of stevedored cargoes do not create danger for the extraordinary threat of the environment.

9.2. Protective measures

The natural environment, which remains under the execution of modemisation of the Port infrastructure, will be disturbed only in planned values meeting the following biosystems: v land - mostly to antrophogenic (islands appeared in the effect of regulation of the port water system, accumulated silts, slopes of excavated Canals) v water - generally strongly polluted within the area of the Port of Szczecin and on the waterway and the Szczecin Lagoon.

There are no protected species of plants or animals, both land and water, living in the area covered with planned investments. Independently on this fact, planned interference into the natural environment will be limited to the necessary minimum. Generally the investment works which interfere into the environment will be based on protecting of land phytocenosis not designed for removing. The water environment will be protected against degradation by eluates from excavated material stored on land by the intensive controlling executed by the

- 84 - inspection of the environment protection or specialist services hired by the Maritime Office or the Szczecin- gwinoujscie Port Authority JSC. Such behaviour led against the most dangerous for the environment elements - eluates, excavated material oT silts, will be a key problem for managing with the environment.

9.3 Controlling of the environment

Prior to terrestrial works - especially volume works, in the area covered with the port infrastructure of the Katowicki Peninsula and the Ostrow Grabowski and the waterway, there is required so called controlling of the "zero" status of the environment, because after starting of works on modemisation of the port infrastructure, in the first stage there will be started works which can have a negative effect on the status of the environment within the Port area in the range of polluting with heavy metals and PCB. The local controlling fulfilled by the Inspection of the Environment Protection in Szczecin refers to only several points situated in the Odra River within the area of city of Szczecin and in the Szczecin Lagoon. After the Investors' order the status of lithosphere and water is to be controlled by independent, specialist hydrochemical, hydrologic and eco-toxicology of the Szczecin Agricultural College (the table 12). For the true controlling the environment of modemisation of the Port of Szczecin- Swinoujgcie infrastructure, it is also necessary controlling permnanently the port water in the sore points of the Regalica River and Pamica, in the Brook of the Odra River, the waterway in the Szczecin Lagoon, the Piastowski and Mielefiski Canals and in the Swina River. Frequency of controlling of the status of the water environment has to be minimum 6 times per hydrologic year and at least 4 times in the year of the land environment. Additional, detail works related to the range of controlling of the environment, directly related to the modernisation of the Port infrastructure, will be in details identified on the stage of the project. Requirements of the natural environment in both land and water biosystems have to be taken into consideration in the stage: v working on the detail concept of the project v preparing of the project with the recommendations related to influence of modemisation of the elements of the Port infrastructure on the environment taken into account v executing of the investment v exploitation of the modemised elements of the Port infrastructure.

- 85 - Table 12 THE SHEETOF MANAGINGWITH THE NATURALENVIRONMENT IN THE AREA OF MODERNISATIONOF THE ELEMENTSOF THE PORT INFRASTRUCTUREDURING EXECUTINGWORKS AND EXPLOITATION

Run. Specification Biosystem Executors of Estimated 1 No the environment cost controlling (per year in ______PLN ) *I CONTROLLINGOF THEENVI- Land THE AGRICULTURAL100000 IRONMENT COLLEGE, INSPEC- (abiotic and biotic parameters of the TION OF THE cqualityof the environment related to ENVIRONMENT the chosen ecological indexes of PROTECTION producers, consumers and reducers)- Water 200000 THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, INSPEC- TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 2 PROTECTIVE MEASURES - state Land THE Maritime Office 200000* services, SUM and ZPS(E and specia OF SZCZECIN (SUM), list services organised for liquidate SPECIALISTIC SER- effects of catastrophes break-downs, VICES ! ires etc. in the Port and internal sea-- -- lwater areas Water -200000* __ . _ _ _AS ABOVE 3 STORAGE YARD OF EXCA VA- Land in the THE SZCZECIN 150000 TED MATERIAL AND DREDGED area of the Port COMMUNE, ZPS-(E WASTES - organisation and exploi- S.A. tation of the new and existing storage ----- yards In the Szczecin - - 150000 Lagoon THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, THE MA- RINE OFFICE OF l______SZCZECIN TOTAI COST 1l000000

At1ention: 1. Mark * expresses the improvised assets possible for using only in case of a breakdown, catastrophe, etc. 2. The Agricultural College in Szczecin - controlling of the environment through specialist hydrochemical, ecological, protection of water, ecotoxicological laboratories led in the Sea Fish Culture and the Nutrition Technology Departments.

9.4. Managing with excavated material during modernisationof the elements of the Port infrastructure

- 86- Works on investmentsof modernisationof the elements of the Port infrastructurewill be related to dredging of material from the bottom with the help of different methods. The data presented in the Table no I show that most of the bottom material is contaminatedwith heavy metals - in both port basins and the waterway. It imposes to the executor storage of the excavated material depending on the level of its contamination(the Table 5), although it is predicted in the part of the project of the infrastructure of the port areas in the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and the Ostrow Grabowski,that most of the excavated material will be built in the area prepared under the infrastructureof both Katowicki Peninsula and the Ostrow Grabowski. Dredging works led on the Sea Waterwayrequire, because of economicreasons usage of storage yards within the area of the SzczecinLagoon, not nearby the Port of Szczecin.There is the followingprocedure related to the dredgingworks and storageof the excavatedmaterial:

a. executinga chemicalindication of ground designed for dredging b. on the basis of these researches the Maritime Office of Szczecin determinesthe storage yard on its dumping areas. Clean excavated materials which did not exceed rules of contaminationare stored on ordinary yards; strongly contaminated lots will be guided onto isolatedyards c. final agreement for dredgingof ground (creating the waste material in accordance with the current Polish legislation) and its storage (dumping) is issued by the ProvincialOffice on the basis of the special petition, to which the enclosure is the agreementof the MaritimeOffice from the item b for storing on the dumping area. The supervision during executing of works includes controlling of recommendations of Estimationof influence onto the Environment,from which the protecting activitieswill result - this supervision is to be executed by the Authors of this project, the Investor, and ex officio, by the Supervisionof Buildingof the ProvincialOffice.

Table 13 PREDICTED QUANTITIESOF CONTAMINATEDEXCAVATED MATERIAL ARISEN IN THE EFFECT OF EXECUTING OF WORKS IN THE AREA OF MODERNISATIONOF THE ELEMENTSOF THE PORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Level of contamination % of the total Volumes of plan- Area in km2 of excavatedmaterial planned excavation ned excavation 3 in m ______Clean 44.6 564636 2.62 Slightlycontaminated 39.5 500070 2.32 Contaminated 10.5 132930 0.62

- 87 - ongly contaminated 15.4 l168364 l0.32 TOTAL 100.0 11266000 5.88

Expected costs of arranging of excavated material yards in accordance with the above table 13 and creating of dumping areas for creating of overloadingbanks will equal to PLN 11 mil (the table 5z, 6z, 7z).

9.4.,1.Problems with locationof storageyardfor excavated material

Decisionsabout storing of the material dredged during dredging works in the port and the waterway, on the dumping areas are related to the land areas situatedin the areas belonging to communalself-governments are to be issued by the Maritime Office of Szczecin. However, taking into consideration a fact of dividing the area (communes within areas on which modemisationworks will be executed), the self-governmentalauthorities, in accordance with the binding statute about waste materials, demand the proper fees for storing the excavated material fromthe Maritime Office of Szczecin. Possibilityfor sinkingof the excavated materialmay refer to areas situatedin the zone of the sea territorial water managed by the Maritime Office - however this operation creates problem (destroying the bottom etc.). Excavated materials designed for sinking in the sea belongto sand materialdredged out from the northern waterwaywith the low level of chemical contamination. While planning the new dumping areas and excavated material yards, their status is to be determined.In the same time competenceof particular authorities of self- govermmentsand public administrationare determinedin this range.

9.4.2. Managing with excavated materials within the areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski

The ground dredged within the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowskiconsists of partly not contaminated,or slightly contaminatedmineral materials and, in the certain extent, contaminated mineral-organic materials. Mineral and mineral-organic materials will be used during progressing of works for increasingthe height of these areas and for buildingof berths. Organicmaterials will be stored on nearby existing dumping areas. It is necessaryto execute during these works a controllingof contaminationof dredged material withiheavy metals and chloride-organiccompounds and researchingof chemism of water and

- 88 - ecological reactions of hydrobionts by the Department of the Sea Ecology and Environment Protectionand the Departmentof Toxicologyof the AgricultureCollege of Szczecin. Taking into considerationthe volume of the ground to be moved, total quantity of tests cannot be lower than 20, whereas quantity of tests of quality of water and reaction of hydrobiontsnot less than 6 times within a year on the chosen stands.

9.4.3. Managing with excavatedmaterial on the sea waterway.

Materialexcavated duringworks related to modemisationof the inland section (4.900 - 18.000 km) of the Szczecin- Swinouj9ciewaterway, not contaminated material with the contents of organic material <5% will be used for repairing and strengthening of banks, whereasnot used part will be stored on the dumping area Karsib6r "D". Similarly to the area of the infrastructurewithin the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and the Ostr6w Grabowski,an additional controllingof contaminationof dredged material with heavy metals and chloride-organiccompounds plus researchingof chemism of water plus ecological reactions of hydrobionts by the Department of the Sea Ecology and Environment Protection and the Departmentof Toxicologyof the AgricultureCollege of Szczecinshall be executed. Taking into account volume of the ground planned for moving, the quantity of tests should equal to minimum 15, whereas quantity of tests of quality of water and hydrobionts reactionnot less than 6 times per year on the chosen stands.

Presentedmethods of treating of excavated materials will not cause additionalnegative effects in the environment.

9.5. Managing with excavated materials after concluding the modernising works

9.5.1. Managing with excavated materials within the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski

- 89 - There are limited places for storage of excavated materials for the current project. Within the area of the Szczecin commune possibilities for storage of excavated materials on the existing dumping areas are almost impossible.

That is why determining the new dumping areas in the future will be necessary, additionally in places where storing of such materials will not have the influence on quality of the environment. These areas should be prepared in a way making outlet of contamination to the surface water and into the ground, for example by using of geo-membranes, impossible. Materials with big contents of contamination will mostly consist of deposits and organic grounds should be separated from clean materials and stored in controlled conditions on especially prepared and additionally protected places. Costs of preparation of these areas shall be included into planned investment of the infrastructure within the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski. It increases cots of planned investments, but will protect possibility for storing of deposits which will be dredged in the future with keeping necessary depths in basins and port Canals of modernised areas. Using of open, more distant dumping areas existing within the area of the Szczecin- Swinoujgcie Port complex can be taken into consideration, but it requires increasing the distance of transporting of excavated material, what additionally increases costs.

9.5.2. Managing with deposits on the sea waterway.

Possibilities for storing of dredged grounds on the Karsib6r "D" dumping area are far bigger than within the area of the port of Szczecin. In the neighbourhood of the section of the sea waterway there are also Karsib6r "A", "B", and "C" dumping areas, which can be used in case of necessity. Sandy, clean deposits dredged in this area can be also used or stored without any limitations. Of course, storage can be executed on non-protected, shown areas (the chart).

9.6.. Controlling of deposits in the area of modernisation of the elements of the Port infrastructure after concluding the investment

A decision about the method of using or storing of deposits should be given after researches of the level of contamination of deposits with heavy metals and chloride-organic

- 90 - compoundsand researching of chemism of water and ecological reactions of hydrobionts by the Department of the Sea Ecology and Environment Protection and the Department of Toxicology of the Agriculture College of Szczecin. Depending on the place of dredging of materialthe quantityof tests can be extended of decreased.Each time the quantity of tests will be determinedby the contractoron the basis of the volume of dredgedmaterial. The method will depend on the depth of deposit and on the status and condition of hydrobionts and qualityparameters of water.

10. EXECUTION COSTS

Costs related to the executingof proposed of course dependedon the volume and especiallythe range of works in proposed variants and needs resulting from controlling of deposits during executingof the investmentand its exploitation.

Costs of executingrelated to the chosen variant of the sea waterway equal to about PLN 240 mil. (about $57.7 mil /the table 5z/, howevercosts of executingof variants of the infrastructure of areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski in the full range - PLN 112.5 mil. (about $27 mil.) /tables 6z and 7z/. The total cost of modernisationof the elements of the Port infrastructure- PLN 352.5 mil or $84.7 mil . The total costs of the investment include the amount about $0.25 mil. in each year for controlling and management with the natural environmentin the area of the investment(during modemisationworks and during the stage of exploitation ) and moreover about PLN 15 mil. for preparation and exploitation of storage yards of dredgedmaterial and also for dumping areas.

-91 - 11. ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS

Maintaining the natural condition of the environment in the port area, in the City of Szczecin and in the Odra River Valley includes not only activities carried out in the ecosystem, but also promotion of environmental thinking. One of the natural environment's most irnportant features is the tangible cultural legacy, built and created by the people living in the Lower Odra River Valley since the earliest documented history of this land. The cultural monuments in this part of West Pomerania, near Szczecin, are the evidence that our ancestcors used the natural resources without damaging the environment. Quite the opposite, they respected the environment's aesthetic qualities and created new constructions which we consider well worth protecting today. It is important to make the inhabitants of the municipalities in the Lower Odra River Valley and Estuary aware of the region's great natural qualities. Such activities should be carried out on a large scale, especially in all sorts of educational centres, municipal cultural centres, community organisations and NGO-EUCC, PKF, LOP.

The Inter-Odra land and the area around the Bay of Szczecin are planned to provide an alternative offer for job creation in pro-environmental tourism-oriented services, eliminating substandard forms of tourism management, which devastates both the environment and the landscape. By using the unique natural qualities of the Odra mouth, including its estuary, for environment-friendly forms of intemrational tourism, we could encourage development of yachting (creation of well-organised international marinas) and other forms of tourism, such as sailing, cycling and walking.

Pro-environmental activities designed to improve the condition of the natural resources in the Odra River Valley and Estuary will bring effects in a certain period of time and only when ihe idea of eco-development, i.e. balanced development of the region's economic prosperity while preserving the local natural qualities, is implemented consistently throughout that period. We cannot consider and carry out economic development and environment protection separately, since they form one undivided whole which is part of the system of natural ecological links functioning in any ecosystem, and especially in the ones which are transformed in an anthropogenic way.

Undoubtedly, the most important thing is to start investment activities leading to moderrisation and extension of the port infrastructure with respect to the environmental issues. but allowing the project to be a success. All the modernisation work discussed earlier,

- 92 - connectedwith human activities in the land and water environment, should lead to achieving the goals defined in the eco-developmentidea through:

* raising the general level of the undergroundwaters in the areas where it has lowered due to anthropopressure,bottom erosion or long-termdrought in the past years;

* rebuilding and extending the areas of varied biotopes (in compliance with Agenda 21), especially marshy forests and swampy areas (various aurochs fields, rushes and peat meadows),old river beds, islands,spits, etc.;

* restoring the natural environment in devastated areas, such as storing yards for spoil coming from waterway dredging, deserted gravel pits, clay pits, industrial dumps and canals by their recultivationunderstood as:

* creating small impoundingreservoirs which, after some time, will become natural biomes (idea developed by Buchholz from the Szczecin Branch of the Maritime Institute),

* afforestationor plantingcarefully selectedvegetation;

* increasingthe variety and complexityof the old river bed in the port areas connected,to a smaller or larger extent, with the river bed (constructionof appropriatecanals will ensure connection between the old river bed and the main river bed at medium water levels in the river through desludging and perhaps deepeningthe beds, but this action must be performed over a long period of time or otherwise it could lead to unwanted sudden changes in the biocenoses);

* connectingthe whole port area with the Inter-Odra land and the hydrologicalsystem of the lowerpart of the river, which will enablethe flora and fauna migration and will work as ecologicalcorridors.

The KatowickiPeninsula is a stretch of land assigned for port activities. Except for about 5 per cent of the area located in the City Parkland EcologicalSystem, the land is not subject to any restrictions which apply to land protected by law. The peninsula's natural boundaries define the project location and make it easier to control the condition of the environment and prevent potential dangers from spreading. Environment protection is ensured by a specific legal procedure, which is currently in force and followed very strictly in Poland. This procedure requires most investors to develop 'Environmental Impact Assessment' for two stages (initiation and completion) of any project. It excludes projects whose environmental impact exceeds the values specified in the legal regulations.

- 93 - Bearing in mind that the area assigned for the project is relatively small, the modernisation and extension of the port infrastructure are assessed to affect the local environmentin some way, but their impact on the surrounding natural environmnentwill be short in time and limited only to the period of project work.

11.1 Ecological recommendations for the port infrastructure modernisation

In order to protect the natural environment in port land areas assigned for modemisation and extension in Ostrow Grabowski, Katowicki Peninsula with surrounding water areas, as well as the Piastowski and Mielir5ski Canals, the following recommendations should be implenmented before starting any actual work in connection with port infrastructure modernisation:

1. Th.ematerial used for treatment can be silt, such as fine sand and medium-grainedsand, frcm dredging the port waters and the waterway, especially along the Piastowski and Mielifiski Canals, if the organic substance content of the sand does not exceed 5 per cent and there are no any elements or chemical compounds which could be harmful to the en vironment.

2. Chtemicalanalysis (for heavy metals and petroleum-based substances) of the sand coming from dredging before dumping the sand in the storing yard.

3. In doubtful cases, the material used for treatment should undergo laboratory tests for foreign substance content. Tests for chemical contamination, such as presence of heavy metals and petroleum-based substances, of the soil from the bottom of the Parnica River and the Regalica River in the area assigned for dredging.

4. Soil testing for presence of petroleum-based and oil-based substances at the railway siding under liquidation.

5. In order to avoid contamination of land, underground water and surface water, there must be efficient management of oil-based and petroleum-based waste and contamination both during the project implementation work and during the usual exploitation of the infrastructure at the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port Authority JSC.

6. Before making overload and complementary embankments, all the amphibians and reptiles (all legally protected in Poland!) living in the area assigned for such embankments must be collected, such action assisted by the LOP (League for Preservation of Nature), and carried to similar ecotopes.

- 94 - 7. The liquids from the silt used for overload embankments should be carried away in an organised manner and their chemical composition cannot exceed the maximum contamination values specified in the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry on 5 November 1991 with reference to classification of waters and requirements for sewage dumped into waters or into the ground (Journal of Law No. 116, Entry No. 503).

8. Dumping the liquids from silt into underground waters is only possible after obtaining a relevant inland water usage licence.

9. Environmental Impact Assessment has to be made for such projects as bank protection and berths in the port area and along the Piastowski and Mvieliiiski Canals, since, according to the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry on 13 May 1995, such investments are classified as ones which may deteriorate the condition of the natural environment.

10. An inventory of the forest stand and bushes has to be made and any cutting can be done only after obtaining a relevant licence. The trees and bushes in the port area, especially within the City Parkland Ecological System, can only be cut during the period from September to the end of January, after the birds have left their nests and some species have started migration.

11. Simplified Environmental Impact Assessments for those elements of the project which will be carried out within the City Parkland Ecological System, such Assessments to be in compliance with the Szczecin City Government's Resolution No. 399/95 of 14 December 1995. The scope of a simplified assessment has been specified in Appendices to the above-mentioned Resolution.

12. Trees and bushes can only be removed after obtaining a relevant licence in compliance with Article 48 of the Environment Protection Act.

13. Liquidation of gardening plots must be limited to an absolutely necessary minimum. The plots damaged during construction work should be, where possible, assigned again for recreation purposes or implanting new isolating vegetation which will provide shelter for the fauna living in that area. Liquidation of gardening plots can only be done after agreeing it with the plot users and must be completed in late autumn or even in winter.

14. A relevant inland water usage licence is required for carrying water away from treated areas and especially for carrying surface water away in a land improvement ditch.

95 - 15. As the planned berth construction, including dredging, may change the local hydrological regime in the area assigned for modernisation (the waterway and the Szczecin Port area), it iisrecommnended that the construction planning should include an analysis of the impact on the interdependent water areas, so that action can be taken to prevent unwanted changes from happening.

16. Environmental Impacts Assessments for such projects as: berth, ro-ro platforns, bank protection and restoration work to construct a new unloading platform for petroleum- based products for CPN, since, according to the Regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry, such projects are classified as ones which may deteriorate the condition of the natural environment.

17. Preparation of detailed instructions for the infrastructure users in the areas managed by the Szczecin- Swinoujscie Port (including the areas planned for modernisation), telling whiat to do in case of emergency or natural disaster (flood, fire, etc.), with particular emphasis on minimising environmental damage.

11.2 Activities which are prerequisites for environment protection and minimising menace in compliance with the Polish law

While completing elements of the Szczecin Port infrastructure modernisation and extension, we will not know the nature and scope of future investments in the prepared area. We can only predict that, according to the forecast and programme section, they will be berths (bases) for liquid cargo of various sorts, bulk loose cargo and general cargo (traditional and unitisedL). Each of the planned investments, if classified in the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry on 13 May 1995 as 'project which may deteriorate the condition of the natural environment', will require a separate Environmental Impact Assessment with regard to the project's character, programme and technological features. Each of such projects will also have to fulfil specific conditions, issued on an individual basis, for using the environment in a way that ensures protection of all its components.

After completing the Szczecin port infrastructure modernisation and extension project, any facilities located in Ostrow Grabowski and the Katowicki Peninsula in the future should have handling and storing technology and technical infrastructure which ensures:

96 - 1. reduction of emissions into the atmosphere in compliance with the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment,Natural Resources and Forestry on 28 April 1998 with reference to the maximum concentrationvalues for substances contaminating the air (Journalof Law No. 55);

(According to this legal regulation, businesses which use the environment, i.e. introducingdust and gas contaminantsinto the atmosphere,are obliged to agree, with the district authorities, the sorts and amounts of contaminantsemitted into the atmosphere and to reduce noise emission in compliancewith the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment,Natural Resources and Forestry on 13 May 1998 with reference to the maximumnoise levels in the environment.)

2. appropriate water and sewage management ensuring that the maximum contamination values specified in the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry on 15 February 1991 (Journal of Law No. 116, Entry No. 503) with reference to the classificationof waters and the conditionsfor sewage dumped into watersand into the ground are not exceeded;

3. full isolationof individualtechnological installations from the ground in order to prevent contaminantsfrom penetrating the soil in compliance with the Council's Resolution of 23 January 1987 (Journal of Law No. 4, Entry No. 23) with reference to detailed rules of protecting the ground;

4. appropriate waste management in compliance with the Waste Management Act of 27 June 1997 (Journal of Law No. 96, Entry No. 592) and the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry on 24 December 1997 with referenceto the classificationof waste.

Licences to produce and manage waste are issued by district authorities (for dangerous waste and other waste in the amounts exceeding 1,000 tons per year except for municipal waste) or city authorities (for amounts ranging from 1 ton to 1,000 tons per year except for dangerouswaste and municipalwaste).

Every project must also have instructionsdeveloped in order to ensure good management of any waste produced as a result of operations carried out in connection with the project implementation.Such instructionsmust be agreed with relevant administrativeauthorities and are required under the Regulation issued by the Council of Ministers on 30 September 1980 (Journal of Law No. 24, Entry No. 91) with reference to protecting the environment against

-97- waste and other contaminationand with referenceto maintainingthe cities, towns and villages clean and tidy.

12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS W'HICH ARE PREREQUISITES FOR MGODERNISATIONPROJECTSAT THE SZCZECIN-SWINOUJSCIE PORTAUTHORITY JSC

The project's potential harmful impact on the environmentmay affect two biosystems: * land; * water.

However, it will be limited interference in the environment which has already been changed and developed by people in areas shaped by human activities (the whole water system at the Odra River Estuary was engineeredat the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century) or created as a result of people's continuous operations (maintainingthe navigability of the waterway across the Bay of Szczecin and at the Odra River's mouth, construction and extension of the whole port on the islands between the Parnica and the Regalica Rivers).Although the selectedalternatives of modemnisingthe waterwayand the port infrastructure in the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostrow Grabowski do interfere in the surrounding environment, it is not interference in the natural environment. Therefore, the recommendationsare not definitebans but only conditions.

The modemisation and extension of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie port infrastructure elements and the modemisation of the Piastowski and Mielinski Canals can infringe specificallythe following legal regulations: the Nature Protection Act of 16 October 1991 (Journals of Law 1991, No. 114, Entry No. 492; 1992, No. 54, Entry No. 254; 1994, No. 89, Entry No. 415; 1995, No. 147, Entry No. 713; 1996, No. 91, Entry No. 409; 1997, No. 14, Entry No. 72; 1997, No. 43, Entry No. 272; 1997, No. 54, Entry No. 349; 1997, No. 133, Entry No. 885 and Journal of Law 1998, No. 106, Entry No. 668) and especially:

* the regulationissued by the Minister of Environment,Natural Resources and Forestry on 6 January 1995 with reference to protection of animal species (Journal of Law 1995, No. 13, EntryNo. 61);

- 98 - * the regulationissued by the Minister of Environment,Natural Resources and Forestry on 6 April 1995 with reference to protection of vegetation species (Journal of Law 1995, No. 41, Entry No. 214),

the ConstructionLaw of 7 July 1994 (Journals of Law 1994,No. 89, Entry No. 414; 1996. No. 100, Entry No. 465; 1996, No. 106, Entry No. 496; 1996, No. 146, Entry No. 680; 1997, No. 88, Entry No. 554; 1997, No. 111, Entry No. 726 and Journal of Law 1998, No. 106, Entry No. 668) and the Town and CountryDevelopment Act of 7 July 1994 (unifiedtext - Journal of Law 1999, No. 15, Entry No. 139), and especially:

* the regulationissued by the Ministerof Environment,Natural Resources and Forestry on 14 July 1998 with reference to defining the sorts of projects which are particularly harmfulto the environmentand people's health or which may deterioratethe conditionof the environmentand also defining the requirementsto be met by environmentalimpact assessmentsprepared for such projects (Journalof Law 1998,No. 93, Entry No: 589)

and the Waste ManagementAct of 27 June 1997 (Journal of Law 1997, No. 96, Entry No. 592; Journal of Law 1998, No. 106, Entry No. 668), and especiallythe regulation issued by the Minister of Environment,Natural Resourcesand Forestry on 24 December 1997 with reference to waste classification(Journal of Law 1997, No. 162, Entry No. 1135).

Therefore,with regard to the water environment,the modernisationoperations carried out in the waterway itself and in connectionwith bank protection in the port area should respect the followingrecommendations:

I. Infrastructure modernisation and/or bank protection operations cannot deteriorate dramaticallythe physical and chemical parameters of the water quality. Exceeding the limits for water quality in the modernisation process may result in environmental degradationof water organisms,including the seston, benthos, fish and avifauna.

2. Intensive dredging in the Piastowski and the Mieliniski Canals and in the port areas cannot result in secondary emission of heavy metals, petroleum-based substances or biogenes dumped in the sediment at the bottom of a water reservoir. Only appropriate dredgingtechnology must be used.

3. The degree of contaminationin the bottom mineral sedimentalong the Piastowskiand the Mielinski Canals allows classifying them as slightly contaminated (Tables 5 and 1). Therefore,special fast dredgingmethods can be allowed.

99- 4. The dredging carried out in connection with the project in the Piastowski and the MvieliniskiCanals cannot change the physiography of the bottom or the hydrology in the Stara Swina River or in any part of the valuable natural reverse delta and, in particular. it cannot damage (swamp) the islands situated in that area within the Wolinski National Park.

5. Sto:ring the dredging spoil in the storing yards exploited in Karsib6rz and within the municipality of Szczecin cannot result in deterioration of the dumped spoil quality or damage the specific landscape qualities by excessive piling in the storing yards.

6. Before dumping it in a storing yard, the dredging spoil should be monitored chemically for the presence of heavy metals and petroleum-based substances.

7. During the whole modernisation process (in the waterway canals and in the Szczecin Port area), reduce (in spring and summer) human interference and pressure in breeding gounds. feeding grounds and moulting grounds used by the birds which live there permanently. If not necessary, do not frighten away any visiting birds, as they treat this part of the Bay of Szczecin and the Odra River Estuary as a great ecological corridor in their south-north passage route along the Odra River during their spring and summer migration.

8. Do not allow any intentional or unintentional disturbing or frightening away animals, darnaging birds' nests or the dens of the wild fauna living in the region (discussed in Chapter 5).

9. The people carrying out the modemisation operations must not do any illegal fishing, especially during close seasons and/or using unconventional methods bearing attributes of poaching.

10. In order to reduce forbidden interference in the natural environment, the Investor must be obliged to have the employees carrying out individual phases of the planned modemisation trained in environment protection with particular emphasis put on the bans and orders connected with the wildlife protection in the area assigned for the modernisation.

11. The gualitv of the biotic and abiotic elements of the water environment in the area where infi-astructure elements have been assigned for modernisation must be monitored absolutely in compliance with the environment monitoring proposals presented in Chapter 9.3. Do not forget to describe the 'zero' condition of the environment before

-100- starting the project in order to avoid accusations of degrading the environment by the modermisationand extension operations.

As for the land environment and the water environment connected with the infrastructure modemisation and extension in the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostrow Grabowski, particular attention must be paid to minimising damage to the nature, in spite of the fact that those areas are inhabited by synthropous vegetation and animals. Secondary populating of that land, which is under continuous pressure of sea backwaters and spring/summer floods, by specific trees, bushes and land fauna has resulted, after many years, in stabilisation of the soil environment in difficult conditions with a high level of underground waters. Too much interference in the land environment may have unpredictable consequences for the durability and stability of the land and water environment in the above-mentioned areas. Therefore, the followingrecommendations must be absolutely respected:

1. Interference in both the land and the water vegetation should be reduced to an absolutely necessarvminimum (macrophytesstrengthen banks and increasetheir cohesiveness).

2. Allow neither unnecessary damage to the land or water vegetation in the areas under modemnisationin the waterway and in the port during the operations carried out in connection with the proiect implementation nor introduction of trees or bushes which are foreign species to the groups described in Chapter 5.4. 1.

3. All the work connected with moving the soil or cuttingtrees and/or bushes must be done in compliance with the above-mentioned principle, as well as after the pairing season

(January - February) and after the period when the young leave their nests (September -

JanuarY).

4. Ensure management or disposal (or neutralisation) of industrial waste, production waste, human waste and special waste from ships both during the construction and later during the exploitation of the port infrastructure.

5. Creation of new port basins or modernisation in places where such hydraulic facilities already exist will result in severe conditions for the succession of the water and by-water flora and fauna for some period time. Therefore, keep the environment as clean as possible during the whole completion phase of the project and avoid contamination of water and land, especially with petroleum-based substances (oil, grease. etc.) and solid

-io - waste, by heavy and light machinery operated on land and in water during the construction of hydrological facilities.

6. Due to the low level of the underground waters and easy penetration into the surface waters, any accidental leakage of noxious substances on land and in water must be neutralised or liquidated immediately with the methods used by the general emergency services or with assistance from specialised services. Instructions telling what to do in emergencies should be prepared in advance and appointed employees should undergo relevant training.

7. The quality of the biotic and abiotic elements of the land environment in the area where elements of the Szczecin Port infrastructure have been assigned for modernisation must be monitored absolutely in compliance with the environment monitoring proposals presented in Chapter 9.3. Do not forget to describe the 'zero' condition of the environment before starting the project in order to avoid accusations of degrading the environment by the modemisation and extension operations.

8. Avoid usage of handling, transport and other technical machinery which could raise the dust, noise and electromagnetic field levels in excess of the relevant standard values both in and out of the port area for psychosociological reasons as well as people's and animals' health and a possibility of dangerous disturbance in orientation and disorders while using and/or driving means of transport.

9. Depending on its impact on the environment, each of the future projects based on elements of the infrastructure in question, and especially such projects as bank protection and berths in the Port area and in the Piastowski and Mielinski Canals, as, according to the regulation issued by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry on 13 May 1995, such investments are classified as ones which may deteriorate the condition of the environment,will require a separate EnvironmentalImpact Assessment attached to the applicationfor buildingand land developmentconditions.

Szczecin,Poland, January2000

- 102 - I ENCLOURES

1. A List of Providers

* Prof. dr. Juliusz C. CHOJNACKI expert from the Ministry of Natural Environment

Protection and Forestry- heading the team, Marine Biology and Natural Environment

Institute Agricultural Academy in Szczecin, tel. +4891 4231061 ext. 327 e-mail

* Prof. dr. Barbara MARSKA - expert from the Ministry of Natural Environment

Protection and Forestry, head of the Plant Physiology Institute, Agricultural Academy in

Szczecin,

* Jaroslaw ZIENKO M. Sc., - expert from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection

and Forestry, Szczecin Technical University

2. References:

The Act of Poland's Parliament dated 24.10.1974 updating on 3.04.1993 inclusive - Water Law ( Dz. U [Issue]. 1974, nr 38, it. 230; rev: Dz. U. - [Issue] 1980, nr 3, it. 6; 1983, nr 44, it. 201 (art. 7); 1989, nr 26, it. 139; 1989, nr 35, it. 192; 1990, nr 34, it. 198; 7990, nr 39, it. 222, 1991, nr 32, it. 131; 1991, nr 77, it. 335; 1993, nr 40, it. 183, 1994, nr 27, it. 96; 1995, nr 27, it. 96; 1995, nr 47, it. 243; 1996, nr 106, it. 496; 1997, nr 47, it. 229, 1997, nr 88, it. 554; 1997, nr 133, it. 885; Dz. U - [Issue]1998, nr 106, it. 668).

1. Acts on executive provisions and regulations:

1.1. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated

5.11. 1991 r. concerning water resources classification and water and ground sewage

regulations (Dz. U. - [lssue]l991, nr 116, it. 503).

2. T'he Act of Poland's Parliament dated 31.01.1980 - on Natural Environment

Protection and Management (Dz. U. - [lssuej]994, nr 49, it. 196, 1995, nr 90, it. 446; 1996, nr 106, it. 496, 1996, nr 132, it. 622, 1997, nr 46, it. 296; 1997, nr 96, it. 592, 1997, nr 12.1, it. 779, 1997, nr 133, it. 885; Dz. U. - [Issue]1998, nr 106, it. 668).

1. Acts on executive provisions and regulations:

2.1. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated

28.04.1998 concerning permissible concentration of polluting elements in air (Dz. U - [Issue]1998, Nr 55, it. 355).

- 103 - 2.2. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated 13.05.1998 r.concerningpermissible noise level (Dz. U - [Issue]1998, nr 66, it. 436). 2.3. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated 3.09.1998 concerning methods of calculating air pollution level for recent and planned resources (Dz. U - [Issuel1998, nr 122, it. 805). 2.4. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated 8.09.1998 conceming pollution affected by technological processes and operations (Dz. U - [Issue] 1998, nr 121, it. 793). 2.5. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated 29.09.1998concerning detailed rules on permissible kinds and quantity of polluting substancesair release and correspondingrequirements. 2.6. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry on documentationneeded to' make a decision on permissible kinds and quantity of polluting substances air release (Dz. U. - [Issue]1998, nr 124, it. 819). 2.7. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated 11.08.1998 concerning specific people and environment badly affecting radiation protection, radiation level that may occur in the environment and during checking operations (Dz. U - [Issue]1998, nr 107, it. 676). 3. The Act of Poland's Parliament dated 16.10.1991 on Nature's Protection (Dz. U - [Issuej1991, nr 114, it. 492; 1992, nr 54, it. 254; 1994, nr 89, it. 415; 1995, nr 147, it. 713; 1996, nr 91, it. 409; 1997, nr 14, it. 72; 1997, nr 43, it. 272; 1997, nr 54, it. 349; 1997, nr 133, it. 885; Dz. U - [Issue]1998, nr 106, it. 668). 1. Acts on executive provisions and regulations: 3.1. Directivefrom the Ministryof Natural EnvironmentProtection and Forestry dated 6.01.1995 conceming animal species extinction (Dz. U - [Issue]1995, nr 13, it. 61). 3.2. Directivefrom the Ministryof Natural EnvironmentProtection and Forestry dated 6.04.1995 r. concerming plant species extinction (Dz. U. - [Issue]1995, nr 41, it. 214). 1. 4. The Act of Poland's Parliament dated 7.07.1994 -Building, Construction and Civil Engineering Law (Dz. U. - [Issue]1994, nr 89, it. 414; 1996, nr 100, it. 465; 1996, nr 106, it. 496, 1996, nr 146, it. 680; 1997, nr 88, it. 554; 1997, nr I1l, it. 726; Dz. U. - [lssue]1998,nr 106, it. 668). 2. 5. The Act of Poland's Parliament dated 7.07.1994 - on site planning (final text - Dz. U - [Issue]l999, nr 15, it. 139).

-104- 3. Acts on executive provisions and regulations: 5.1. Directive from the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Forestry dated 14.07.1998 r. on specifying kinds of investments esp. unhealthy to environment and people or that might worsen environment and requirements for evaluating investment environment affecting (Dz. U. - [IssueJ1998, nr 93, it. 589). 6. The Act of Poland's Parliament dated 27.06.1997 o wastes (Dz. U. - [Issue]1997, nr 96, it. 592; L)z. U. - [Issue]1998, nr 106, it. 668). 1. Acts on executive provisions and regulations: 6.1 .Directive from the Ministry of Natural Enviromnent Protection and Forestry dated 24.12.1997 on waste classification (Dz. U. - [Issuel1997, nr 162, it. 1135). 3. List o 'meetinas and social consultations

1. Polski Klub Ekologiczny (Polish Ecological Club) - West Pomeranian District No. 1, consultations with the members of the PKE took place in November 1999, positive opinion has been granted, however it was conditioned by care to be taken during the execution works for the smallest possible deterioration of the existing flora and fauna, especially on the banks of the Piastowski Canal and Mieleniski Canal as well as protection of halophytes and the nesting places of cormorants, harriers, honey buzzards and white- tailed eagles preying on the Szczecin Lagoon. 2. Rada Naukowa Woliriskiego Parku Narodowego (Scientific Council of' the Wolin

National Park), on the day of 3rd of December 1999 took note of the information about the intention and the scope of the planned investment, conditioning their consent for dredging works within the limits of protection zone and arrangement of the silt dumps agreed with the Commune, in such a way so that the-interference in the natural and landscape virtues of the Woliniski National Park was as small as possible. 3. Inforrnation for the founders of the local NGO network on the meeting in the town of Stargard Szczeciniski on the day of 18th of December 1999 - general approval of the modemisation progranmmewith reservations concerning the possibility of destroying of the avifauna lairs in the region of Stara Swina.

3.1. Planned

* users of the garden allotments in the area of the island of Ostr6w Grabowski * residents of the island of Ostr6w Grabowski

- 105 - * Wojew6dzkaKomisja Ochrony Przyrody (Nature Protection Provincial Commission)of the West PomeranianProvince (on the meetingin January2000) * Wojew6dzkiKonserwator Przyrody (Provincial Nature ConservationOfficer)

-106- 4. Tableswith summary of essential data TABLE 1Z. EXISTING AND DESIGNED OBJECTS OF NATURE IN THE AREA OF THE COMMUNES OF THE LOWER COURSE OF THE ODRA RIVER AND ITS ESTUARY (ACCORDING TO JASNOWSKA 1996)

Existing Designed Rese Reserv Ecolo rves es and gical Wolin Landscapeparks other corrid Protected landscapeareas Conmunes National ors Park CPK SzP PDD seaside wkrzani golenio gryfnlfski K O ski wski 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9 10 11 12 Mieszkovice + 5 Cedynia f _4 4 5 Chojna + 11 Widuchowa + . 4 +

Gryfmo 4- - 8 1 Kolbaskowo _ 1 4 Szczecin _ + 9 St. Czarr.owo + 5 13 Police 1 14 + Goleni6w 2 22 1 +

Stepniaca - 2 23 1 +

N. Warpno 10 -+ Wolin -2 . 18 + + Kamien Pomr. 17 1 +

Mi;dzyzdroje + - - 1 26 - + Dzivvn0w 2 +

CPK - Cedynia Landscape park SzPK - Szczecin Landscape Park PDDO - Lower Odra Valley Landscape Park

-107- Table 2z. Distribution of avifauna in the estuary of the Odra River (Borowiec[61, Czeraszkiewicz,Kalisitiski [271,Glowacinski [351, Gromad2kiel aL [361,Kaliciuk, Staszewski [461, Zyska et aL J75j)

No. Bird ame Lower Odra Szczecin Lagoon Retrodelta Vallev ISwina River

1. aquatic warbler x x __x 2. bean goose x x I 3__ bearded titmouse x x j -x-_- __4. bittern x 5. black kite x x 6. black tern x x black-headedgull x x j8. black-tailedgodwit x 9._ black-tailed snipe x 10_ blue throat x 11. ~commonguli x 112. comnmonsandpiper x 13. common snipe x x 14.i . common tern x x 15. coot 16. cormorant x x 17. corncrake x 18. crane x x 19. curlew x x 20. dunlin x I21. gadwall x . x [22. garaney x 23. goldeneye - x ~24. Igoosander x x x 25. Xgreatcrested grebe - x x 26. - great grey shrike x ~27. greensandpiper x 12S. _ heron x_grey _ x 29.t greylag goose x x 30. hen harrier x x 331- herring gull _ x 132. honey buzzard x 133 includebittern _ __. _ 34 kite x xx 135- lapwing .x ff36. lesser black-backedgull x I 37. lesser spotted eagle x 38. littlebittern x x 39. little crake x 40. little grebe x 141. little ringed plover xx__ 42. littletern x 43. marsh harrier x x x 44. mediterranean gull ._x 45. montagu's harrier x x 46. mute swan x x 47. osprey 48. oystercatcher x x x L49. pintail x x 50. pochard x x Sl. red-breasted merganser _ x

52. red-necked grebe _x

- 108- No. Bir.dname - continued Lower Odra SzczecinLagoon Retrodelta _____-- ______Valley SwinaRiver 53. _redshank x x x 54. r.ringedplover x x 55. ruff _ x 56. scarletgrosbeak 7 -x 57. scaup _ x , _i 58. shell duck x _ _ _ _ 59. short-earedowl x _ | 60. sboveler x 61. | smnew x x 1632. sprottedcrake x 63. teal x 64. tufted duck x x Ix 65. I w.hitestork x 66.'1 white-frontedgoose x 67. White-tailedeagle x x x 68. whooper swan x x 69. 1 igeon x

- 109 - Table3z Stevedoringof the Szczecin - Swinoujscieports in theyears of 1979-1997 (inthoisand t).

Years 1979 1985 1993 1995 1996 1997 ZPS-SS.A. * Port of Szczecin 15,807 10,988 8,208 9,051 9.289 8,862 coal 6,717 4,540 2,650 4,398 4,189 4,085 ore 2,144 1,724 445 727 832 778 otherbulk 2,078 12,40 1,669 1,272 1,065 1.088 cereal 2,007 760 471 598 949 540 timber 450 750 124 56 38 42 generalcargo 2,411 1,974 2,849 2,000 2,219 2,329 ZPS-SS.A. * Swinoujscie 8,491 8,067 6,218 6,520 6,976 6,684 Commercial Port coal 5,038 4,636 3,589 3,761 3,995 4,205 ore - 2,347 2,230 1,189 2,394 2,243 1,856 other bulk 834 1,161 338 235 271 230 cereal 267 7 101 35 33 20 general cargo . 5 33 1,001 92 434 373 * ZPS-S S.A. - Szczecin- SwinoujsciePort Authority JSC

Table 4z. Mean results of the obtainedparameters for the waste water carried away

Type of contamination Szc2ecin Swinc cie - 3 1996 1997 1996 1997 3 BOD5 mg O2/dm 33.7 23.4 (30)* 9.6 9.6 (20) COD mg 0 2/dm' 120.2 126.6 (150)* 35.2 42.3 (-) Nitrogen, general - 12.6 (30)* 14.6 17.4 (-) Suspendedmatter mg/dmin 36.8 38.1 (50)* 12.7 12.2 (23) Sulphates mg SO4idm 88.5 69.8 84.6 83.1 Chromium mg Cr/dm not present not present - - Zinc mg Zn/dzn' 0.2 0.2 0.05 0.05 3 Cadmium mg Cd/dm 0.01 0.01 - 0.01 Copper mg Cu/dmj not present 0.1 - - Nickel mg Ni/dmi not present 0.02 - Mercury mg Hg/dm not present not present - - Lead mg Pb/din 0.03 0.01 0.05 Etheric extractmg/dm' 3 9.9 8.6 (15) - - Oil derivatives mg/dm' 1.6 0.7 1.2

* Permissiblevalues accordingto the water supply and sewageeffluent disposal content are given in brackets

-110- Table Sz. Summaryelements for the sea waterway

Pos. Specification Variant of lane depth 10.5 m 12.5m 1. Breadth in the bottom 1Orm 120 m 2. Breadth at the water surface 200 m 200 m 3. Curves of the waterway 2000-3000m 2000-3000m 4. I Breadth in the bottom at the approach to 200 m 200 m | the Piastowski Canal from the Szczecin Lagoon side

5. Length of the modernisedwaterway 13.1km 13.1 km l (km 4.900 - 18.000) 6. Increase in flow rate 0 % 20% 7. Water velocity at the bottom in the canals Close to the Close to the present present 8. Increase of mean salinity in the Szczecin Insignificant Insignificant _ Lagoon 9. Influence of the SEA WATERWAY Insignificant Insignificant modernisation on the condition of the Szczecin Lagoon 10. Restitution of- the environmental Not large Significant conditions

Preliminarycost. estimated with accuracy -20 % for the variants 3 and 6 provided for the north seaway, i.e. the canals (PLN 107 million)+ breakwatersof the 1' Fairway Gate - Szczecin Lagoon (PLN 129 million), waste dump or dumpingarea (PLN 4 million);total cost: PLN 240 million, i.e. USD 57.7 million

- 111 - Table 6z Summaryof the scope and cost of Ostr6w Grabowskiinfrastructure development

Pos. Objects or works Parameters |Quantity and |Total cost l l ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~unitin PLNl li Preparationworks l .1- Site cleaning Tree clearance,demolition, set 3 800 000 etc. I 1.2- Reconstructionof CPN Accesstrack + 3 unloading railway tracks tracks + railway siding 1 450 run metre 2 146 000 connection

1.3- Drainageditch Width in bottom0.6 rn; slope 1:1.5 500 run metre 140000 2 Relocationof sandyground To the distance up to 100 m- with bulldozers,to the 162 000 m3 1 782 000 distance up to I - with trucks

3 Silting up of missing embankment Sandy ground; max with sandy ground contentsof organic parts - 82 000 m3 1 886 000 5%

Hydraulicengineering structures: Slab structure 4. 1- vessel quay Length- 442 run metre; 442 run metre 23 868 000 depth- 10.5 m 4 4.2- Ro-ro platform Adjustable,of steel structure;hydraulic driven set 1 500 000 4.3- Transitionquay (from the Slab structure Sp6ldzielczeQuay side) Length - 80 run metre 80 run metre 2 240 000 Depth - 6/10.5 m 4.4- Bank protection (fromthe Girt- sloped structure north side) Length- 160 rm metre 160 run metre 1 280 000 I______.slope _ 1 :3 Sandy ground;max 5 Dredging works contentsof organic parts - 400 000 m3 7 200 000 5% 6 Accessrailway track with delivery Tracks: access+ unloading - acceptancegroup + loading + communication 2 200 runmetre 2 860 000 ______(bypass) Singleroad, 7 Accessroad Two - lane,width 7 m 1 000 run metre 1 250 000

Power supply: 8 9.1- Transformerstation 15 / 0.4 kV; 2 x 1000 kVA 2 urits 200 000 9.2- Feeder cables Cable SN 15 kV 3 x 120 1 500 run metre 285 000 mm2

9 Drinkingwater pipeline Dn 200 PE pipeline 1 500 run metre 675 000 Total cost 51112000PLN 12788000 USD

| VAT 22% 62357000 PLN ______-__-15 mil. USD

- 112- Table 7z. Summary of the scope and cost of Katowicki Peninsula infrastructure development

|Pos. Objects or works| Parameters Quantity and Total cost Pos. J or workf [bjects I in PLN Ill Vessel landing stage Length -lOOm depth')- 105 run metre 1,050,000 l IS10.5m I 12 VVesselquay Length - 250m depth - 250 run metre 10,500.000 10.5m 3 Vessel landing stage Length -140 m depth- 140 run metre 4,536,000 7.Om 4 Ro-ro platform width- 14m depth - 7.0 m set 3,276,000

5 Vessel landing stage Length - 140m depth - 140 run metre 3,178,000 7.Om l 6 Barge quay Length -lOOm depth.- 100 run metre 1,950,000 l______4.5m I 7 Barge quay Length -190m depth - 190 m 3,705,000 4.5m 8 Bank protection Length - 90m depth.- 90 run metre 765,000

______0.5m 11 9 Barik protection Length - 21 Om depth - 210 run metre 945,000 0.Om 1I0 Bank protection Length - 280m depth - 280 run metre 1,260,000

______0.Om 11 Dredging works with storage to -10.5m / -4.5m 160,500 m3 2,648,000

12 Dredging works with storage to -7.Om / -4.5m 90,000 m3 1,485,000

13 Overstressing embankment: to +3.2m datum 131,000 m3 2,856,000 a) field A 27,000 m3 589,000 b) field B ||_0_0___117_0 14 Levelling embankment to +2.2m datum 60,000 m 1,170,000

15 demolition, replacements Underground utilities set 1,200,000 Development (buildings, I = = = ______bunkers) Total cost 4113000 PLN 13704300 USD

| +V'AT22% 50157900 PLN - 12 mil. USD

For the modermisation of the infrastructure in the area of the port of the Katowicki Peninsula and the island of Ostr6w Crrabowski. approximately PLN 11 million is provided for the storage of the excavated material and operation of the dumping area, PLN 4 million have been reserved for the storage of the excavated material from the bottorn in the area of the sea waterway; altogether PLN 15 million have been reserved in the project for that purpose

- 113 - I

I 5. List of accompanying studies

1. ,BIMOR" Maritime Engineering Design Office: Detailed guidelines of the target soluitionof hydraulic engineeringdevelopment of the Szczecin - Swinoujsciefairway includingthe whole of the hydrologicalphenomena occurring in the estuary stretch of the Odra River, in the inlandstretch of thtefairway,kilometre 0.0 - 16.5 Part 1: Estimation of the technical condition of the existing hydraulic engineering structures Part 2, 3, 4: Modernisation conceptfor the sea waterway (multi-alternative)Szczecin 1998 - 1999 2. Borowiec A., 1999: Elementy oceny srodowiskowej dla modernizacji toru wodnego Swinoujscie- Szczecin.(Szczecin Maritime Office - typescript 14pp) 3. Buchholz W. 1990: Materialy do monografli dolnej Odry, warunki hydrologiczno - hydrodynamiczne.PAN, Inst. Bud. Wodn.Gdarisk. 22, 1-117. 4. Bucliholz W. 1991: Monografia dolnej Odry. Hydrology and hydrodynamics. PAN. Inst.Bud.Wodn.Gdaniska 25,1-103. 5. Buchholz W. 1993: Hydrografiai hydrologiadolnej Odry. UJnderelaboration and Edited by J. Jasnowska: Conditionof the city of Szczecinand the Szczecin region environment. Threats and protection.pages, 45 - 48. 6. BuchlholzW. 1995: Somepossibilities for use and developmentof the lower Odra. Inst. Morsk. Gdaiisk-Szczecin,1-58. 7. Choinacki J.C. 1995: Bioroznorodnoscprzyrody Pomorza Szczecinskiego. Edition: collectionof studies, Internationalconference, 26-27.08.1995 Szczecin, 80 - 89. 8. Choinacki J., 1997: Charakterystyka hydrobiologiczna wod Odry i jej estuarium. Typescript(18p) 9. Chojnacki J.C., Ceronik E. 1993:Artificial reefs on PomeranianBay (SouthernBaltic) as biofiltrationsites. Mat.13 BMB Symposium,Riga, 6. 10. Choinacki J.C., Chmielewska G., Marska B., 1993: Oczyszczalniasciek6w na Ostrowie Grabowskimw Porcie Szczecin 11. ChoinackiJ.C., W. Kowalski 1998: Forecast of the effects of the influence of change to the arrangements of the port plan on hydrobiontsin the natural environment.(typescript underpreparation and edited by W. Buchholz,Instytut Morski Oddzial Szczecin) 12. Cho nacki J.C., Palyga E.J. 1995: Europejski lad ekologiczny a problemy ochrony srodowiskakrajow nadbaltyckich.Edition: collectionof studies, Intemnationalconference, 26-27.08.1995Szczecin pp 267 13. Choinacki J.C., Zieiiko J. 1996: Ocena oddzialywania na srodowisko magazynu material6w niebezpiecznych zlokalizowanego na nabrzezu , Kanal Przemyslowy" w Porcie Szczecin 14. Dobracki R., Zyska P., 1993: Study on natural virtues (typescript) 15. Instytut BudownictwaWodnego, PAN: Detailedguidelines .... as above Part 1: Description of the existing hydro-meteorologicalconditions and ecological conditions.Part 2: Collectionand critical descriptionof the results of the hitherto existing studies over the research subject. Part 3: Preparation of the 3-D digital model of the ESTURO Odra estuary and determination of the hydrodynamic conditions and water salinity in the Swina strait and the Szczecin Lagoon in the condition of extreme flows (with execution of research). Part 4: Evaluation of the proposed solutions on hydrodynamic conditions in the Swina strait and hydrological and ecological changes of the Szczecin Lagoon. Part 4a: Influence of the fairway modernisation from the Pomeranian Bay to the Szczecin Lagoon on changes in the stage and salinity of the Szczecin Lagoon waters.(with executed research) Gdaiisk 1998 - 1999.

-114- 16. InstytutNawigacji Morskiej, Wyzsza SzkolaMorska w Szczecinie: Phase 1: Estimation of the present navigation conditions and the existing navigation systems in the water region between the kilometres 0.0 - 16.5. Phase 2: Estimation of the proposed solutions and preparation of guidelines from the navigation safety point of view and impact of the screw race and waving resulting from the increased velocity of vessels and overall dimensions of vessels with application of computer simulation method. Szczecin 1999. 17. Kozmifiski Cz., Czarnecka M. 1993: Klimat miasta Szczecina i okolicy. Condition of the city of Szczecin and the Szczecinregion environment.Threats and protection. Pages, 49 - 66. 18. Krzykawski S., Szypula J. 1993: Ichthyfauna.Condition of the city of Szczecin and the Szczecinregion environment.Threats and protection.Pages, 127 - 148. 19. Landsberg-Uczciwek M. 1995: Raport o stanie srodowiska w wojew6dztwie szczeciniskim. PIOS (WIOS).Pod red. Mutko T., Bibl. monit. srod. Szczecin 1 - 195. 20. Mutko T. 1994:Zalew Szczecinski.Great Lagoon. Qualitychanges in the years. Edited by Mutko T. PIOS, bibliot. monit.srod., Warszawa 1 - 85. 21. Evaluation of the impact on the environment of the intended ground treatment works. Dabrowieckiequay. PROMAR.mgr inz. N. Marcinkowski,June 1994r.; 22. Prognoza skutk6w wplywu ustalen planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego Portu Szczecin na srodowisko przyrodnicze - elaborated by the team under the supervision of professor WiadyslawBuchholz in July 1998 for the Maritime Office in Szczecin. 23. ProtasowickiM., Niediwiecki E., 1993: Contentsof heavy metalsin the bottomsediments of the Odra estuary ports. Stud. Mat. Morsk. Inst. Ryb. Gdynia, Seria S, 117 - 120. 24. Protasowicki M., Niediwiecki E. 1999: Contamination of the bottom sediments. (typescript7pp.) 25. ProtasowickiM., Niediwiecki E., CiereszkoW., Meller E., 1994: Evaluation of the state of contaminationof the chosen elements of the Szczecin Lagoon ecosystemwith some heavy metals and chloride-organiccompounds. Edition: Szczecin Lagoon - Great Lagoon, Quality changes in the years. Panistw. Insp. Ochr. Srod. Warszawa,63-83. 26. Report: estimation of the investmentenvironmental impact: Rozbudowa infrastruktury portowej na P6/wyspie katowickim w porcie Szczecin. 1999. Anonymous document. Typescript - property of ZPSS (13 pp) 27. Report: estimation of the investment environmental impact: Rozbudowa infrastrukturv portowej dla drobnicy zjednostkowanej i konwencjonalnej na Ostrowie Grabowskim w porcie Szczecin. 1999. Anonymousdocument. Typescript - property of ZPSS (12 pp) 28. Rotterdam Maritime Group: Studium modernizacji port6w polskich. Morski region Szczecin-Swinoujscie.Outline of the final report, Szczecin 1997. 29. Feasibility study of the constructionof the port infrastructurefor unit general cargo and conventionalcargo on Ostr6w Grabowskiin the port of Szczecin - study of BP"BIMOR" from June 1999 for ZPS-§ S.A. 30. Feasibilitystudy of the port infrastructuredevelopment on the Katowicki Peninsula in the port of Szczecin- studyof BP"BIMOR"from April 1997 for ZPS-S S.A. 31. WirdheimA., Chojnacki J.C.,1992:What is happening in the Baltic Sea. Co sie dzieje z MorzemBaltyckim. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation.Stockholm. pp.85. 32. WolnomiejskiN., Grygiel I. 1992: Biocenosisof muddy bottom of the Szczecin Lagoon. MIR Gdynia, Stud. i mat. ser. B, 60, 1 - 23.

-115- CONTENTS I SUMMALRY

2. MODERPISATIONCONDITIONS

2.] Strategicconditions of the investment 2

2.1. 1. Environmentalstrategic context of the investment 3

2.2. Operationalconditions of the Szczecin- Swinoujicie Port ComplexJSC 4

2.3 Administrative conditions 6

3 PROJECT DESCRiPTION' 7

4. BASICDATA8

4.1. Sea waterway- inlandstretch (Swinoujicie- SzczecinLagoon) 8

4.2. Developmentof the infrastructurein the area of KatowickiPeninsula and the island of Ostr6wGrabowski 8

4.3.Traffic routes of the modernisedinfrastructure of the Szczecin - SwinoujiciePort 10

4.3. . Ostr6w Grabowski- traffic 10

4.3.I. I. By seaway I0

4.3.1.2. By inland waterway I

4.3.1.2. 1. Railway connections ii

4.3.1.2.2.Road connections 12

4.3.2 KatowickiPeninsula - traff c 12

4321 Seaway 12

4.3 2.2 Inland lane 14

4.3.2.2.1. Railwayconnections 14

4.3.2.2.2. Road connections 14

5 0 CONDITIONOF THEENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL VIRTUESOF THE ODRA RIYER ESTUARY I5

5.1. Geographical location, geological and climate conditions of the area of the designed modernisation of the 15 Szczecin -- Swinoujsciepart infrastructure

5.2. Generalcharacteristics of the water dynamics in the Odra River estuary 18

5 3. Conditionof the non-living environmentand quality of waterin the Odra estuary 20

5.3.1. Conditionof surface water within the limits of Szczecin agglomeration 20

5.3.2. Conditionof watersand the environmentwithin the limitsof the Dqbie Lake 23

5.3.3. Conditionof the environmentand the quality of watersin the SzczecinLagoon 26

5.3.4. Conditionof the environmentand the qualityof watersin the PomeranianBay

-116- 5.4. NaturalAmenities ofthe Odra Estuary 29

5.4.1. Overall CharacteristicoftheFlora 29

5.4.2. Overall Characteristicof the Land Fauna and Hydrobionts . ._ . _. ._ ..._...... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 5.4.2.1. Overall Characteristicof the Fauna and Flora in the area of the DqbskieLake 3]

5.4.2.2. State of Terrestial Vegetationand Other NaturalAmenities of the Seczecin Port and Dqbskie Lake Area 34

5.4.2.2.1. Phytoplankton 38

5.4.2.2.1.1. Diatoms 38

5.4.2. .1.2. Blue-green algae 38

5.4.2.2.1.3. Green algae 39

5.4.2.2.2. Zooplankton 39

524.2.3. Benthos 40

5.5. Vertebrates 42

5.5.1. Ichthyofauna of the Odra Estuary 43

5 5. 1.1. Ecological Problems of the Ichthyofauna Productivity Level within the Port Modernisation Region 47

5.5.2. Avifauna 49

5.5.2.1. Birds of the Lower Odra River Valley 50

5.5.2.2. The Szczecin Lagoon 51

5.5.2.3. Backward Delta of Swina 51

5.5.2 3. 1. Specific of the Nature in the Region of Kanal Piastowski Kanal Mielinslaand Backward Delta of 52 Swina

6 STATE OF EMISSIONISiV THEAREA OF THE PORT OFSZCZECIN-SWINOUJSCIE 55

6.1. Pollutantsemissions into the atmosphere 55

6.2. Water and waste-waler management 56

6.2.1 Water supply 56

6. 2 Sanitarv waste water

62.3. Rain water 58

6.3. Waste 58

6.3.1. Hazardous waste 58

6 3.2 Collection of wasteffrom watercraft 59

6.4. Dredging works 59

6.5. Noise Emissionfrom the Port Area 60

7 The impactof the Port s InfrastructureElements Upgradingon the Environmenf 61

7.1. Environmental irppact of the constructions within the maritme waterway 61

-117- 7.2. The impact of infrastructure's upgrading in the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Graboivski on 62 environment

7.2.1 Possible Investment's Impact on Surface Water 66

7 2.2 During correct operation 68

7.2.3. In the case of liquidation of the investment project 68

7.3. Impact of accompanying excavation work (silting) on the environment 69

7.4. Possibilityfor air polluting emissions to occur in the areas of upgrading 70

7.4.1 Results of the analysis of onerousness for the air after the upgrading of the Szczecin Port areas 71

7.4.2. The results of onerousness for the air in the upgraded areas of Piastowski and Mielinskh Canals 73

8 JIDENTlllFCATION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANTS OF SOLUTIONS FOR MODERN ISATON OF ELEMENVTS 74 OF THE PORT NFRASTRUCTURE

8.1. Identification of variants 74

8.1.1. Identification of variants of solutions for the sea waterway 74

8.1.2. Identfication of variants of solutions for the infrastructure of areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and the 75 Ostr6w Grabowski

8.2. A prognosis for influence of variants onto the natural environment 77

8.3. Choice of variant 79

9. PLAN OF MANAGING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT 80

9.1. Management with the environment and acting in situations of the extraordinary 83 threat of the environment in the territory of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie Port Authority joint stock company (ZPS-S S.A.)

9.2. Protective measures 84

9.3. Controfling of the environment 85

9.4. Managing with excavated material during modernisation of the elements of the Port infrastructure 86

9.4.1. Problems with location ofstorage yardfor excavated material 88

9.4.2. Managing with excavated materials within the areas of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostr6w Grabowski 88

9.4.3. Managing with excavated material on the sea waterway 89

9.5. Managing with excavated materials after concluding the modernising works 89

9.5 1 Managing with excavated materials within the area of the Katowicki Peninsula and Ostrow Grabowski 89

9.5.2. Managing with deposits onto the sea waterway 90

9 6 Controlling of deposits in the area of modernisation of the elements of the Port infrastructure after conclud 90 investment

10. EXECUTION COST9

11 ENVIRONMENTALCOSTS 92

-118- 94 11.1. Ecological recommendations for the port infrastructure modernisation 11.2.Activities which are prerequisites for environment protection and minimisingmenace in compliance with the 96 Polish law

12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH AR-E TkrU!FOR MODERNISATION98 PROJECTS A T THE SZCZECIN~-SWJVOUJSC1E PORT plc.

ENCLOSURES 103

.ALitof Providers ______.103

2. References 103

3. List of meetings and social consultations lOS

3.]1.Planned 103

4. Tables with summary of essential data 107

& Table 1z. Existing and designed object of nature in the area of the communes of the lower course of the Odra 10 River and its estuary

* Table 2z. Distribution of avifauna in the estuary of the Odra River 108 * Table 3z. Stevedoring of the Szczecin- ~Winoujicieports in the yers of 1979-1 997 (in thousand t) 110 * Table 4z. Mean results of the obtained parameters for the waste water car-ried away 110-

* Table 5z. Summary elements for the sea waterway I Yi * Table 6z. Summary of the scop adasofstwGaoskifrastructure develoment 112 * Table 7:. Summary of the scope and cost ofKatowicki Peninsula infrastructure development 113 5. List ofaccompanystudies 114 CONTENTS 116

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