Unruly Cities?: Order/Disorder

Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 Unruly Cities? Steve Pile is Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences at The Open University. His recent books include The Body and the City (1996), Geographies of Resistance (1997, co-edited with Michael Keith) and Places through the Body (1998, co-edited with Heidi J.Nast). Christopher Brook is Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences at The Open University. His recent books include A Global World? (1995, co-edited with James Anderson and Allan Cochrane) and Asia Pacific in the New World Order (1997, co-edited with Anthony McGrew). Gerry Mooney is Staff Tutor in Social Policy at The Open University. He has published widely on issues relating to developments in social policy and in the field of urban studies. He is currently editing a collection of essays on the theme of Class Struggles and Social Welfare with Michael Lavalette. Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 UNDERSTANDING CITIES This book is part of a series produced in association with The Open University. The complete list of books in the series is as follows: City Worlds, edited by Doreen Massey, John Allen and Steve Pile Unsettling Cities: Movement/Settlement, edited by John Allen, Doreen Massey and Michael Pryke Unruly Cities? Order/Disorder, edited by Steve Pile, Christopher Brook and Gerry Mooney The books form part of the Open University course DD304 Understanding Cities. Details of this and any other Open University course can be obtained from the Courses Reservations Centre, PO Box 724, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6ZS, United Kingdom: tel. (00 44) (0) 1908 653231. For availability of other course components, contact Open University Worldwide Ltd, The Berrill Building, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom: tel. (00 44) (0) 1908 858585, e-mail [email protected]. Alternatively, much useful information can be obtained from the Open University’s website http:// www.open.ac.uk. Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 Unruly Cities? Order/Disorder edited by Steve Pile, Christopher Brook and Gerry Mooney London and New York Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 in association with First published 1999 by Routledge; written and produced by The Open University 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © The Open University 1999 The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the Course Team or of The Open University. Index compiled by Isobel McLean All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-98353-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-415-20073-3 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-20074-1 (pbk) 1.1 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 CONTENTS Preface viii Introduction 1 Steve Pile, Christopher Brook and Gerry Mooney CHAPTER 1 The heterogeneity of cities 6 Steve Pile CHAPTER 2 Urban ‘disorders’ 49 Gerry Mooney CHAPTER 3 Walled cities: surveillance, regulation and segregation 96 Eugene McLaughlin and John Muncie CHAPTER 4 Divisive cities: power and segregation in cities 137 Jenny Robinson CHAPTER 5 City politics 183 Sophie Watson CHAPTER 6 The unsustainable city? 222 Andrew Blowers and Kathy Pain CHAPTER 7 Administered cities 268 Allan Cochrane CHAPTER 8 On orderings and the city 310 Gerry Mooney, Steve Pile and Christopher Brook Acknowledgements 329 Index 334 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 THE OPEN UNIVERSITY COURSE TEAM John Allen Senior Lecturer in Economic Geography Sally Baker Education and Social Sciences Librarian Melanie Bayley Editor Andrew Blowers Professor of Social Sciences (Planning) Christopher Brook Lecturer in Geography Deborah Bywater Project Controller David Calderwood Project Controller Margaret Charters Course Secretary Allan Cochrane Professor of Public Policy Lene Connolly Print Buying Controller Michael Dawson Course Manager Margaret Dickens Print Buying Co-ordinator Nigel Draper Editor Janis Gilbert Graphic Artist Celia Hart Picture Research Assistant Caitlin Harvey Course Manager Steve Hinchliffe Lecturer in Geography Teresa Kennard Co-publishing Advisor Siân Lewis Graphic Designer Michele Marsh Secretary Doreen Massey Professor of Geography Eugene McLaughlin Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Social Policy Gerry Mooney Staff Tutor in Social Policy Eleanor Morris Series Producer, BBC/OUPC Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 John Muncie Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Social Policy Ray Munns Cartographer Kathy Pain Staff Tutor in Geography Steve Pile Lecturer in Geography and Course Team Chair Michael Pryke Lecturer in Geography vii Jenny Robinson Lecturer in Geography Kathy Wilson Production Assistant, BBC/OUPC External Assessor John Solomos Professor of Sociology, University of Southampton External Contributors Ash Amin Author, Professor of Geography, University of Durham Stephen Graham Author, Reader in the Centre for Urban Technology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Kerry Hamilton Author, Professor of Transport, University of East London Mark Hart Tutor Panel, Reader in Industrial and Regional Policy, University of Ulster Susan Hoyle Author, Research Associate in the Transport Studies Unit, University of East London Linda McDowell Author, Director for the Graduate School of Geography and Fellow at Newnham College, University of Cambridge Ian Munt Tutor Panel, Researcher, London Rivers Association Phil Pinch Tutor Panel, Senior Lecturer, Geography and Housing Division, South Bank University Jenny Seavers Tutor Panel, Research Fellow, Centre for Housing Policy, University of York Nigel Thrift Author, Professor of Geography, University of Bristol Sophie Watson Author, Professor of Urban Cultures, University of East London Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 Preface Unruly Cities? is one of a series of books, entitled Understanding Cities, that takes a new look at cities. The standard approach to thinking about the future of cities is to consider them as free-standing and geographically discrete places that rise and fall as a result of their strategic location, their economic viability or their political power. Typically, the history of cities is charted from the rise and fall of ancient cities (such as Athens and Rome), through the rise of mediaeval cities (such as Antwerp and Naples), onto the spectacular growth of cities during the industrial revolution and the age of empire (such as London and Paris), and finally to the sprawling ‘post-modern’ cities of today (normally exemplified by Los Angeles). The future of cities is then extrapolated on the basis of this historical vision—usually that urban areas will continue to sprawl across the surface of the Earth, eventually joining up to form ‘100-mile’ or ‘mega-’ cities. The analysis developed in this series is, however, radically different. In order to understand cities, we argue that it is necessary to rethink their geography. This is more than simply extending the range of cities considered beyond the London-New York-Los Angeles axis, whether from São Paulo to Sydney, from Manchester to Moscow. It also involves using a geographical imagination to understand how cities are produced, on the one hand, in a context of social relations that stretch beyond the city and, on the other, by the intersection of social relations within the city. This argument has widespread implications for our understanding of cities. These implications are comprehensively investigated in the three books that comprise this series, City Worlds, Unsettling Cities and Unruly Cities?. Through the series, we tease out, for example, the ways in which cities bring people from different backgrounds into close proximity; how the juxtaposition of different people and activities in cities can change and alter social interactions; how these juxtapositions can result in, or result from, urban conflicts and tensions; how different parts of cities are connected to, or disconnected from, other cities; how people network within and between cities. Developing these arguments shows that the city cannot be thought of as having one geography and one history (and therefore one future). Instead, cities are characterized by their openness: to new possibilities, and to new interactions between people. This book series gradually reveals the difficulties and paradoxes that the unavoidable openness of cities presents, as different histories and geographies intersect and overlap. Significantly, then, it is these issues that must be understood, if people are to learn to live in our increasingly urbanized world. Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 08:33 27 September 2013 A few words about

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