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Indian and Non-Native Use of the Bulkley River an Historical Perspective
Scientific Excellence • Resource Protection & Conservation • Benefits for Canadians DFO - Library i MPO - Bibliothèque ^''entffique • Protection et conservation des ressources • Bénéfices aux Canadiens I IIII III II IIIII II IIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII 12020070 INDIAN AND NON-NATIVE USE OF THE BULKLEY RIVER AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE by Brendan O'Donnell Native Affairs Division Issue I Policy and Program Planning Ir, E98. F4 ^ ;.;^. 035 ^ no.1 ;^^; D ^^.. c.1 Fisher és Pêches and Oceans et Océans Cariad'â. I I Scientific Excellence • Resource Protection & Conservation • Benefits for Canadians I Excellence scientifique • Protection et conservation des ressources • Bénéfices aux Canadiens I I INDIAN AND NON-NATIVE I USE OF THE BULKLEY RIVER I AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1 by Brendan O'Donnell ^ Native Affairs Division Issue I 1 Policy and Program Planning 1 I I I I I E98.F4 035 no. I D c.1 I Fisheries Pêches 1 1*, and Oceans et Océans Canada` INTRODUCTION The following is one of a series of reports onthe historical uses of waterways in New Brunswick and British Columbia. These reports are narrative outlines of how Indian and non-native populations have used these -rivers, with emphasis on navigability, tidal influence, riparian interests, settlement patterns, commercial use and fishing rights. These historical reports were requested by the Interdepartmental Reserve Boundary Review Committee, a body comprising representatives from Indian Affairs and Northern Development [DIAND], Justice, Energy, Mines and Resources [EMR], and chaired by Fisheries and Oceans. The committee is tasked with establishing a government position on reserve boundaries that can assist in determining the area of application of Indian Band fishing by-laws. -
Hazeltons, British Columbia
FOLLOW THE Hands of History Follow the “Hands of History”… The Hazeltons, British Columbia Muldoe Road (Muldoon Rd) Welcome to one of British your pace, the tour will Kispiox Rodeo Grounds Columbia’s most historic take 4 to 8 hours. (Dean Road) and scenic areas. Immerse Seventeen Mile Road Kispiox River The route is described in yourself in centuries of Date Creek two segments, each com- Forest Service Rd First Nations culture and Swan Lake Rd mencing at the Visitor learn dramatic tales of Skeena River pioneer settlement by taking the “Hands of His- GITANYOW - Hand of History Sign location KISPIOX tory” self-guided driving (Kitwancool) tour. The Tour is marked - Tour part 1 Gitanyow Road - Tour part 2 by a series of distinctive - Tourism feature “Hand of History” sign- 37 Kispiox Valley Rd GLEN VOWELL posts. Each of these mark- N ers displays a Gitxsan Kitwanga River design of peace, an open GITANMAAX hand, and a short de- HAZELTON TWO MILE Ksan Bulkey River HAGWILGET scription of a person, his- Ross Lake Provincial Park SOUTH Six Mile Lake torical event, or landform HAZELTON Hazelton-Kitwanga Backroad NEW Bulkey River that played an important Ross Lake Rd (Road ends here) HAZELTON part in the history of the Braucher Rd KITWANGA Kitwanga Fort National Historic Site Seeley Lake Upper Skeena region. Provincial Park 16 The entire Tour covers To Terrace GITWANGAK To Moricetown 150 miles or 240 kilome- Skeena River and Smithers tres but is easily modifi ed 16 Skeena Crossing Rd to fi t your schedule and Skeena Crossing interests. -
British Columbia, Canada
THERE’S SO MUCH TO HIKE · THERE’S SO MUCH TO SEE · THERE’S SO MUCH TO SHOP · THERE’S SO MUCH TO EXPLORE · SMITHERSbritish columbia, canada OFFICIAL VISITOR GUIDE www.TourismSmithers.com THERE’S SO MUCH TO HIKE · THERE’S SO MUCH TO SMITHERS · THERE’S SO MUCH TO SHOP · THERE’S SO MUCH TO EXPL SMITHERS’ only FULL SERVICE HOTEL discover the difference ZOER’S MODERN GRILL & LOUNGE · FIRESIDE PUB Relax and enjoy Smithers with the hospitality of the Hudson Bay Lodge. Take in the spectacular view of Hudson Bay Mountain from one of our spacious rooms or relish the comfort of one of our King suites, each with its own electric Å replace. Zoer’s Modern Grill & Lounge is the perfect place for a family meal or a business lunch. Care to try a more casual atmosphere with friends or colleagues? You’ll love the Fireside Pub, where you can watch the sporting events while enjoying one of our many drink specials. MEETING & BANQUET FACILITIES · LODGE LIQUOR STORE AIRPORT SHUTTLE · BUSINESS & FITNESS FACILITIES Toll-free reservation line 1.800.663.5040 www.HudsonBayLodge.com 3251 East Highway 16, Smithers HBL 2419c (Smithers Visitor Guide).indd 1 3/12/2010 12:15:11 PM RE · THERE’S SO MUCH TO GOLF · THERE’S SO MUCH TO FISH · THERE’S SO MUCH TO DISCOVER · THERE’S SO MUCH TO CLIMB CONTENTS there’s so much to smithers! 2 PARADISE FOUND 4 THE POWER OF A PLACE 6 FILL YOUR SOUL, AND YOUR CUP 8 WINTER MAGIC 10 GONE FISHIN’ 12 THRILLS ON TWO WHEELS 13 SMITHERS MAP 14 TELKWA HIGH ROAD CIRCLE TOUR 15 1, 2, 3, FORE! COVER PHOTO 16 TELKWA MAP High above Silver King Basin in the Babine Mountains 18 THE VILLAGE OF TELKWA Provincial Park, a hiker 21 MORICETOWN stops to take in the vista. -
Wet'suwet'en Submission
Wet’suwet’en Submission Submission to: Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Pacific NorthWest LNG March 2016 Reference Number: 80032 TO THE CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LNG PROJECT This document was produced by the Office of Wet’suwet’en on behalf of all past and present Wet’suwet’en. The Office of the Wet’suwet’en retains all copyright and ownership rights to this document whole or in part, which cannot be utilized without written permission of the Office of the Wet’suwet’en. © 2016 The Office of the Wet’suwet’en. Purpose 1. This submission from Office of Wet’suwet’en (OW) to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) is a response to the CEAA report regarding the proposed Pacific NorthWest LNG project near LeLu Island. OW has standing to comment and record our concerns due to our long-term stewardship roles and responsibilities over time immemorial as noted in the 1997 landmark ruling re Delgamuukw and Gisdaywa and including the following management activities that operate in the present: Management at the international level vis a vis the Pacific Salmon Treaty; Management at the Skeena Basin level re Skeena Fisheries Commission and umbrella agreements with Fisheries and Oceans Canada such as Aboriginal Fisheries Strategies and the Pacific Wild Salmon Policy; Management at the Bulkley and Morice sub-basin scale that pertains to salmon biodiversity, healthy populations, integral habitats, and ecosystem functioning; Management at the community level to ensure Wet’suwet’en cultural -
Community Guide Getting Here the Hazeltons British Columbia
Community Guide getting here The Hazeltons British Columbia Prince Rupert Smithers The Hazeltons are located 290 km (180 miles) east of Prince Terrace Rupert and 68 km (45 miles) northwest of Smithers on the Prince George paved Yellowhead Trans Canada Highway 16. Connections with the British Columbia and Alaska State Ferry systems are made at Prince Rupert. At Kitwanga, 50 km (30 miles) west of New Hazelton, the Stewart-Cassiar Highway 37 heads northward to the Yukon and Alaska. Vancouver PROXIMITY TO OTHER COMMUNITIES TRANSPORTATION Local Region: Air • Smithers – 68 km Smithers Regional Airport (YYD) • Terrace – 144 km • Airlines: Air Canada, Central Mountain Air, Northern • Kitimat – 200 km Thunderbird Air • Prince Rupert – 287 km • Flights: Direct to Vancouver & Prince George; Urban Centres: Multistop to Kamloops, Kelowna, Calgary, • Prince George – 445 km; Edmonton; charter flights 5-hour drive, 50 min flight (via YYD) Northwest Regional Airport (YXT) • Whitehorse – 1,189 km; 16-hour drive, 5-hour flight (via YYD) • Airlines: Air Canada, Central Mountain Air, WestJet • Kelowna – 1,119 km; • Flights: Direct to Vancouver & Prince George; 12.5-hour drive, 3-hour flight (via YYD) Multistop to Kamloops, Kelowna, Calgary, Edmonton; charters flights • Calgary – 1,229 km; 13-hour drive, 4-hour flight (via YYD) Rail • Take Via Rail from the stop at the at the end of • Edmonton – 1,184 km; Laurier Street. Go West to the coast, terminating 13-hour drive, 2.5-hour flight (via YYD) in Prince Rupert, with scenic views of remote • Vancouver – 1,222 km; settlements, Kitwanga, the Seven Sisters mountain 13-hour drive, 2-hour flight (via YYD) range, and the Skeena River. -
Smithers Visitor Guide 2021
Get good natured. BRUNCH Saturdays & Sundays 8am - 2pm www.roadhouse-smithers.com 250-847-2101 • 3711 Alfred Ave, Smithers what’s inside ABOUT SMITHERS... GET OUT & PLAY... MAPS... 2 Days of Old 12 Walks & Hikes 16 Smithers Downtown Map 4 Days of New 14 Bikes & Horses 17 Telkwa Village Map 5 Land of the Wet’suwet’en 19 Swimming & Boating 18 Circle Tour 6 Stroll Main Street 19 Golf & Disc Golf DIRECTORY... 7 Eat & Drink Local 23 Gone Fishing 26 Annual Events 8 Art & Culture 24 Winter Wonderland 27 Dining & Specialty Food 10 Festivals, Fairs TELKWA... 29 Attractions & Gatherings 20 Village of Telkwa 30 Accommodations 32 Automotive We appreciate your patience and understanding during this unprecedented time. As the COVID-19 COVID-19 UPDATE pandemic continues, various businesses and service operators in our community are opening up, as of MARCH 2021 but hours and safety procedures can vary greatly. PLEASE CHECK DIRECTLY with each operator, event, or organization for accurate information on their status and protocols. Please also follow the guidance of public health officials. More info: https://www.hellobc.com/what-you-need-to-know/ by road Whether you are coming by vehicle, RV rig, motorcycle or bicycle, Smithers is easily reached by road along how the relatively quiet Yellowhead Highway 16. Details on routes at Smithers Prince www.hellobc.com & road conditions at www.drivebc.com Rupert & Telkwa Prince to George get here Jasper (AB) by air Smithers Regional Airport (YYD) is only a five minute drive from downtown Smithers and just 30 minutes from the ski lifts! Check with Air Canada and Central Mountain Air for Port Hardy flights. -
To Injure Its Own Interests5': the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company and the Blighting of Hazelton District, 191O-1918*
"To Injure Its Own Interests5': The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company and the Blighting of Hazelton District, 191o-1918* FRANK LEONARD A railway must encourage the movement of goods along its line. This blunt prescription for financial survival follows from the observation that revenue from traffic provides in large part the return on the investment in the construction and operation of most new Unes.1 For lines traversing British Columbia, a region which produced little agricultural freight, the genera tion of traffic was particularly acute.2 It is therefore not surprising that historians have frequently evaluated the activities of the three transcon tinental systems in the province by the degree to which they followed the prescription.3 The success of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company (CPR) in Brit ish Columbia during its early years of high costs and limited earnings, argues H. A. Innis, stemmed in part from the company's emphasis on more * An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Symposium on Boom and Bust Cycles in Communities in the American and Canadian West, University of Victoria, August 1987. Gordon Hak, Cole Harris, Logan Hovis, Richard Mackie, Jeremy Mouat, and H. V. Nelles made helpful comments on various drafts of the paper, as did Patricia E. Roy, the commentator at the symposium. The Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Ministry of Indian and Northern Affairs, the University of Toronto/York University Joint Program in Transportation, and Transcom provided funds for research and writing of the paper. 1 Texts concerning railway finance and economics of transportation have long main tained that the observation (and its corollary) applied in all cases. -
Ksan Historical Outdoor Museum and the Kitanmax School of Northwest Coast Indian Art
It Took More Than a Village: The Story of The ‘Ksan Historical Outdoor Museum and The Kitanmax School of Northwest Coast Indian Art by Chisato Ono Dubreuil B.A., The Evergreen State College, 1990 M.A., University of Washington, 1995 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History in Art © Chisato Ono Dubreuil, 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii It Took More Than a Village: The Story of The ‘Ksan Historical Outdoor Museum and The Kitanmax School of Northwest Coast Indian Art by Chisato Ono Dubreuil B.A., The Evergreen State College, 1990 M.A., University of Washington, 1995 Supervisory Committee Dr. Catherine Harding (Department of History in Art) Supervisor Dr. Bill Zuk (Department of Education) Outside Member iii ABSTRACT Supervisory Committee Dr. Catherine Harding (Department of History in Art) Supervisor Dr. Bill Zuk (Department of Education) Outside Member My dissertation analyzes the development of the visual culture of the people known as the Gitksan, as witnessed through the creation of ‘Ksan, a tourist village located at present day Gitanmaax (Hazelton, B.C.). I demonstrate how the fields of ‘art’, ‘craft’ and ‘artifact’ come into play in a more nuanced understanding of the development of various sectors at this key tourist site. The focus of the dissertation includes the complex motives that led to the creation of ‘Ksan. I consider the interrelationship of its art, the school as well as its business practices. -
An Assessment of the Effects on the Morice and Bulkley River Systems of a Pul·P Mill at Houston, B, C
This report is for internal use only and not intended for general distri bution. It should not be referred to in publicatione without clearance from the issuing establishment. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS ON THE MORICE AND BULKLEY RIVER SYSTEMS OF A PUL·P MILL AT HOUSTON, B, C. by Rick Kussat and Ken Peterson April, 1972 TD 195 . P9 K97 BIBLl 8 FOREWORD This report was written by Rick Kussat and Ken Peterson, respectively, of the Environmental Quality and the Economics Units, Northern Operations Branch. This study was undertaken with the express purpose of assessing the economic and biological consequences of further de velopment at Houston, B, C, It is hoped that this analysis will provide information necessary for decision-makers to formulate ra tional development plans which are in the public interest. It should be noted that the contents of this report, while produced solely for the purpose of analyzing the Houston pulp mill development, is only a preliminary analysis which further field in vestigations might prove to be inadequate in future. Recent de velopments in both economic and bioassay studies might bring some of the conclusions contained in this report into question. Therefore, none of the report's contents or data should be used or referred to without clearance from the manager of the Northern Operations Branch. William J, Schouwenburg William F. Sinclair Chief, Environmental Quality Unit, Chief Economist, Northern Operations Branch, Economics & Sociology Unit, Fisheries Service, Northern Operations Branch, Pacific Region. Fisheries Service, Pacific Region. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and cooper ation received in preparing this report and compiling the data used in its findings. -
Geotour Guide for the Hazeltons, British Columbia Our Land That Sustains Us: Geology, Landscapes, and Earth Resources
GEOTOUR GUIDE FOR THE HAZELTONS, BRITISH COLUMBIA OUR LAND THAT SUSTAINS US: GEOLOGY, LANDSCAPES, AND EARTH RESOURCES Figure 1. Hazelton sits on the floodplain and adjacent benches along the Skeena River. The river has carved into the floor of a broad, glacier-sculpted valley filled with thick deposits of Ice Age glacier debris. On the skyline are the high mountains of the Roche de Boule range. Geological Survey of Canada Open File Report 5560 British Columbia Geological Survey Geofile 2010-9 R.J.W. Turner, Geological Survey of Canada, and B. Van Heek and S. Dodd, Hazelton Secondary School 1 THE HAZELTONS – A MEETING OF WATERS We live at the junction of two great rivers – the Bulkley draining from the east and south, and the Skeena flowing from the north and northeast. Each river flows in a broad forested valley that join together below the steep face of Stegyawden mountain, part of the Roche de Boule range that form the southern wall to the Skeena River valley along its downstream course to Terrace. To the north, the Kispiox River joins the Skeena, draining a broad lowland shared with the Nass River. The Skeena Mountains rise to the north, and the Kispiox Range to the northwest. Gitsan and Wet’suwet’en peoples have lived along the rivers in these valleys for thousands of years, harvesting the rich salmon runs and wildlife, as they do today. Traders, prospectors, and settlers came only recently, traveling first by river and horse, then rail, and finally road. Today, the major highway and rail connections between the central BC Interior and the Coast follow the Bulkley and Skeena River valleys, making this a vital transportation route. -
Submission To: BC EAO and Coastal Gaslink Pipeline Picture: Upper Clore River Courtesy of the Office of the Wet’Suwet’En
Submission to: BC EAO and Coastal GasLink Pipeline Picture: Upper Clore River courtesy of the Office of the Wet’suwet’en This report was produced by the Office of Wet’suwet’en Natural Resources Department on behalf of all past and present Wet’suwet’en. Until such time as Wet’suwet’en title and rights are formally recognized or a treaty successfully concluded with the Crown, the statement of Wet’suwet’en title and rights and their potential infringements must, as the Supreme Court of Canada said in Haida Nation, constitute an interim and preliminary statement of Wet’suwet’en title and rights, not a final one. The Office of the Wet’suwet’en retains all copyright and ownership rights to this submission, which cannot be utilized without written permission. © 2014 The Office of the Wet’suwet’en. Submission Summary 1.0 Scope & Approach 1. The Office of the Wet’suwet’en (OW) presents this submission to British Columbia Environmental Assessment Agency (BC EAO). This submission is a component of the Wet’suwet’en response in respect of the proposed Coastal GasLink pipeline project within Wet’suwet’en territory. 2. The Wet’suwet’en are stewards of the land. They are here to protect their traditional territories and to ensure that future generations of Wet’suwet’en are able to live and benefit from all that their ancestral land provides. The Wet’suwet’en are not opposed to commercial and economic development on their traditional territories as long as the proper cultural protocol is followed and respect given. The Wet’suwet’en insist that every effort is made to ensure the protection of their traditional territories from environmental damage. -
A) BULKLEY VALLEY
56 CHAPTER FIVE THEBULKLEYVALLEY HOUSTON SMITHERS HAZELTON Strung together with the thread of the Bulkley River, the communities of Houston, Smithers, and Hazelton share little more in common than their geographical proximity and a bit of early history. Although the three communities are commonly lumped together in the designation "the Bulkley Valley", the valley itself changes dramatically from one end of its 100 or so miles to the other . There are als o social and economic differences, each community having a distinctive "flavour" and its own "community ethic". This ethic is, in essence, an implicit set of rules and guidelines that inform both insiders and outsiders about how things are don e in tha t com munit y. Ins ide rs act in accor d with the ethic without thinking much about it, but they can and do readily and clearly articulate it to outsiders when asked. Physical Characteristics Since settlement and subsequent developments in the Bulkley Valley relate to the physical features of the area, it is worth briefly delineating these features for further reference. To describe the Bulkley Valley in order of settlement, one must start from the west and go east. But to describe it by landfall, the Bulkley Valley begins in the east. A high, central plateau grows gradually more rolling as it extends west of Prince George. East of Houston, this Nechako Plateau ends in a watershed, west of which rivers and streams flow more to the sea rather than into the Fraser River. As the plateau ends, the surrounding landscape becomes increasingly rugged. Just west of Houston, the larger Morice 57 River is joined by a smaller stream, to produce the river known to the Indians as Watsonquah.