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Nomad Thought in Peter Reading's Perduta Gente

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Nomad Thought in Peter Reading's Perduta Gente NOMAD THOUGHT IN PETER READING’S PERDUTA GENTE AND EVAGATORY AND MAGGIE O’SULLIVAN’S IN THE HOUSE OF THE SHAMAN AND PALACE OF REPTILES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ÖZLEM TÜRE ABACI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE DECEMBER 2015 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences ________________________ Prof. Dr. Meliha ALTUNIŞIK Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurten BİRLİK Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurten BİRLİK Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Nursel İÇÖZ (METU, FLE) ________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurten BİRLİK (METU, FLE) ________________________ Prof. Dr. Huriye REİS (H.U., IED) ________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem UZUNDEMİR (Ç.U., ELL) ________________________ Asst. Prof. Dr. Elif ÖZTABAK‐AVCI (METU, FLE) ________________________ PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Özlem TÜRE ABACI Signature : iii ABSTRACT NOMAD THOUGHT IN PETER READING’S PERDUTA GENTE AND EVAGATORY AND MAGGIE O’SULLIVAN’S IN THE HOUSE OF THE SHAMAN AND PALACE OF REPTILES Türe Abacı, Özlem Ph.D., Department of English Literature Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurten Birlik December 2015, 264 pages This study aims to explore the processes of becoming in Peter Reading’s Perduta Gente and Evagatory and Maggie O’Sullivan’s In the House of the Shaman and Palace of Reptiles by concentrating on the spatial, corporeal and performative politics in their poetry within a theoretical framework based on Deleuze and Guattari’s nomad thought and their revisionary ideas on the politics of body, space and subjectivity. This study also investigates how nomadism as a critical category enables an exploration of the formal and linguistic experimentalism in Peter Reading and Maggie O’Sullivan’s poetry. The analysis of poems is preceded by an introductory chapter about the ‘poetry wars’ in the post-war British poetry between the mainstream and marginalised camps of poets in order to unravel the key debates surrounding the reception and features of experimental poetries in Britain, and a theoretical chapter on the concepts such as nomadic subject, smooth/striated spaces, affect, explored throughout the study. A close reading of the poems reveals that the thematic, linguistic and formal concerns in Reading and O’Sullivan’s poems foreground a trans-corporeal and nomadic aesthetics, displacing the anthropocentric assumptions about self and space, and iv challenging poetic conventions by rendering language itself a poetic material. In conclusion, this study mainly argues that Reading and O’Sullivan’s nomadic subjects in the poems are constantly reproduced in relation to non-human forces in urban spaces or landscapes. Furthermore, linguistic and formal innovations in Peter Reading and Maggie O’Sullivan’s poetry, including lexical experiments, inventive syntax, neologizing and use of visual materials, metamorphose into sites where the nomadic trajectory of their poetry is discovered. Keywords: Peter Reading, Maggie O’Sullivan, Nomad thought, Becoming, Linguistic and formal experimentation v ÖZ PETER READING’İN PERDUTA GENTE (KAYIP İNSANLAR) VE EVAGATORY (GEZİNTİ) VE MAGGIE O’SULLIVAN’IN IN THE HOUSE OF THE SHAMAN (ŞAMANIN EVİNDE) VE PALACE OF REPTILES (SÜRÜNGENLERİN SARAYI) BAŞLIKLI ŞİİR KİTAPLARINDA GÖÇEBE DÜŞÜNCE KAVRAMI Türe Abacı, Özlem Ph.D., İngiliz Edebiyatı Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Nurten Birlik Aralık 2015, 264 sayfa Bu çalışmada, Peter Reading’in Perduta Gente (Kayıp İnsanlar) ve Evagatory (Gezinti) ve Maggie O’Sullivan’ın In the House of the Shaman (Şaman’ın Evinde) ve Palace of Reptiles (Sürüngenlerin Sarayı) isimli şiir kitapları, Deleuze ve Guattari’nin göçebe düşünce kavramı ve uzam, beden ve şiirsel performans politikaları çerçevesinde oluş süreçleri incelenmiştir. Kuramsal çerçeveyi oluşturan göçebe düşünce kavramı ve bu düşüncenin beden, uzam ve özne odaklı tartışmaları göz önünde bulundurularak göçebe düşünce kavramının Peter Reading ve Maggie O’Sullivan’ın şiirlerindeki dilsel ve biçemsel deneyselliği nasıl anlaşılır kıldığı da tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, şiir çözümlemelerine ait bölümlerle birlikte giriş ve kuramsal tartışmalar içeren diğer iki bölüme yer vermektedir. Giriş bölümünde, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası İngiliz şiirinde, ana akım ve ötekileştirilmiş şiir ekolleri arasındaki ‘şiir savaşlarına’ dikkat çekilmiş ve İngiltere’de deneysel şiirlerin özellikleri ve algılanışıyla ilgili değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir. Kuramsal tartışmalar bölümünde ise çalışma boyunca göndermeler yapılan göçebe özne, pürüzsüz/çizilmiş uzamlar ve duygulanım gibi kavramlar açıklanmıştır. Bu kuramsal çerçeveyle, Reading ve O’Sullivan’ın şiirsel tercihleri ve vi biçemsel vurguları detaylı olarak incelendiğinde, insan merkezli özne ve uzam anlayışını sorgulayan ve dili şiirin nesnesi haline getirerek önceki şiir geleneklerine karşı çıkan bedenlerarası ve göçebe bir estetiğin ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Reading ve O’Sullivan’ın şiirlerindeki göçebe öznelerin kentsel mekânlarda ve tabiatta ‘öteki’ (insanın dışındaki) nesne ve hayvanlarla devingen bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, bu şairlerin şiirlerindeki sözcüksel deneyler, özgün sözdizimi, neolojizm, görsel malzemelerin kullanımı gibi dilsel ve biçemsel yenilikler de şiirlerinde göçebe düşünce kavramının yüzeye çıktığı noktalar olarak görülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Peter Reading, Maggie O’Sullivan, Göçebe düşünce kavramı, Oluş, Dilsel ve biçemsel deneyselcilik vii DEDICATION To My lovely daughter, AYLİN DOĞA, who makes the world a better place and to those who respect and fight for the freedom of NATURE viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I am indebted to the members of my dissertation committee, Prof. Dr. Nursel İçöz, Prof. Dr. Huriye Reis, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurten Birlik, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Uzundemir and Asst. Prof. Dr. Elif Öztabak-Avcı for their time, effort and participation in this study. This project would never be possible without the insights and support of my dissertation advisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurten Birlik. I am deeply grateful to her for her knowledge, time, guidance, benevolence and academic support during this study. I became a completely different person after her theory courses, during which she introduced to us a different universe of theoretical texts, ideas and a new way of looking at life. She was not only my supervisor but also an academic mentor who filled me with the energy to keep going at times I was about to let it go. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Huriye Reis for her invaluable feedback and her thought-provoking questions during our committee meetings. It was especially after her Contemporary British Poetry classes during my undergraduate years that I decided to pursue an academic career in this field. I would never forget her suggestions on the first jury which significantly helped me find my way. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Nursel İçöz for the detailed reading of my drafts, as well as her encouragement, thoughtful teaching and engaged scholarship. Finally, I am also grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Uzundemir and Asst. Prof. Elif Öztabak-Avcı for their detailed reading of the final manuscript and suggestions. I have been extremely fortunate to enjoy the company of many dear friends and colleagues who were always there while this study was in progress. My heartfelt appreciations are for my professors, friends and colleagues at the Department of Foreign Language Education, METU, where over time I enjoyed the friendship and ethics of work and reinstated in my belief in good people making the world a completely different place. I would never complete this project without the support and encouragement of these wonderful people who surround me with their love, trust, and intellectual wisdom. “Dostlarım” deserve the real appreciation: Burcu Gündoğdu, you ix have always been there whenever I need a shoulder of support; Işıl İşler, you taught me to be hopeful all the time, “our heart and soul should be open to all things kind and beautiful;” Derya Çokal, thank you for your overseas encouragement. My former and current officemates and friends at the department—Şule Akdoğan, Şafak Altunsoy, Mehmet Akkuş, Özlem Arslan, Gözde Balıkçı, Fatma Gümüşok, Sibel Korkmazgil, Aslı Kutluk and Elzem Nazlı—have always been accommodating and kind in stressful times. Zeynep Ölçü, I will never forget your humorous look at life, your wisdom and diligence. Şermin Sezer, your Şerminesque presence has always been a blessing in my life. Mustafa Bal, thank you for the intellectual support, solution-based thinking and academic suggestions. Finally, the members of our dissertation discussion group have kept my thinking more flexible, given me the energy to go on when my confidence faltered and left me with incredible memories and friendships. Seda Örmengül, I appreciate
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