Training Program and Refresher Course/soil acidification under the Malé Declaration

Country Report:

By Sajid mahmood Laboratory analyst Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Environment, Pakistan 25 to 28 march, 2008 Monitoring Activities Monitoring Site:

 The town of district Bahawalnagar headquarter and is situated on the Indo-Pakistani border. Before partition of the sub-continent, Bahawal Nagar was a part of Bahawalnagar state governed by the Nawab of Bahawalpur.

 District Bahawalnagar is spread over an area of 8878 square kilometres. The boundaries of Bahawalnagar District in the East and South touches the Indian territory while Bahawalpur district lies on its West and river flows on its Northern side across which are situated Okara, Pakpattan and Vehari districts.

 Monitoring Station comprising a Laboratory was established at Bahawalnagar in January 2007 for Trans-boundary Air Pollution Monitoring under Male′ Declaration. Regional Scale Local Scale Site Scale Physical Features and Topography:

 The district may be divided into three parts. These are the riverain area, the canal irrigated plain and the desert area.

 The desert area of the district is called the Cholistan. The surface of this desert consists of a succession of sand dunes, rising in places to a height of 150 metres. It is covered with the vegetation peculiar to the sandy tracts. Weather

 Summer Very hot and dry Max. Temp. 52 °C

 Winter Very dry and cold Min. Temp. 06 °C

 Relative Humidity (at 0800 hours) May 40% December and January 90%

 Annual Rain fall 244mm List of Equipments Installed:

 Ambient air monitoring equipment for Particulate Matter [PM10 and TSPM (Total Suspended Particulate Matter)]

 Bulk collector - for deposition monitoring

 Wet-only collector – for acidic gas deposition

 Diffusive samplers (for Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Ozone) according to the monitoring protocol

All equipment were installed according to the monitoring protocol under Malé Declaration Onsite Laboratory

A laboratory for the analysis of basic parameters of the field samples collected from the dry and wet-only collectors was also established at the site. Monthly Average Data of HVAS from feb,2007 to jan,2008

Name of month Concentration (µg/m3) PM10 NRSPM TSPM February,2007 217.72 175.87 393.60 March,2007 120.21 110.66 198.24

April, 2007 143.2 271.26 414.58

May,2007 367.52 768.63 1136.15

June , 2007 135.14 388.23 523.37 July, 2007 227.21 384.54 611.15 August,2007 134.90 413.49 548.38 September, 2007 105.42 309.09 414.51 October, 2007 247.05 390.31 637.35

November,2007 257.05 303.10 560.17 December,2007 239.78 195.71 435.49 January,2008 217.72 175.87 393.60 Monthly average of weekly collected data of Wet

Deposition Analysis (EC, pH, Total rain) Wet only Collector

Name of Month Electrical Conductivity pH Total Rain (mm) (EC) µS/cm

February , 2007 93.5 7.4 8.48 March,2007 - - - April,2007 222.4 7.85 1.1 May, 2007 274.4 8 trace June,2007 96.5 7.84 33 July,2007 143.95 8.13 3.6 August,2007 56 7.7 3.8 September,2007 275 9.6 10 October,2007 Nil Nil Nil November,2007 Nil Nil trace December,2007 210 8 1 January,2008 238.95 7.8 4.4 Photographs of the Site

Industries located around monitoring station

Haze / Fog phenomena in winter in Bahawalnagar Pak-EPA and Met Dept. with sign board Handing over lab key to Incharge PMD Bahawalnagar Fixing of Hi-Vol. Air sampler Training on Air Sampler Demonstration on Diffusion Samplers Training on bulk collector Training on Wet only collector Laboratory  Inter Laboratory comparison Analysis of rain water samples Due to following reasons rain water samples could not be analyzed

 Our new laboratory instruments are under commissioning

 Analysis can not possible under short time in new commissioning laboratory.  Due to above reason the sample send to another laboratory but result are not satisfactory.  Request to Male’ for sending new rain water sample  Inter comparison study of passive sampler Two parts

 In country exposure with analysis and parallel analysis in NUS

 Exposure of passive sampler in NUS along with active sampler

 Above two experiment could not be performed in time because of the following reasons;  Chemicals for SO2 was not available.  Methodology/protocol for SO2 diffusion sampler is first time use in pakistan.  Pak-EPA laboratory under the process of shifting to another new established environmental monitoring laboratory under the name of CLEAN. Besides above difficulties with the direction of Director General Pak-EPA Director Zia-Ul-Islam nominated me to visit the Male’ station at bahawalnagar met Department. For the the exposure of passive sampler for 14 days.

 Part-1

 The exposed sampler for SO2 and NO2 were analyzed in the laboratory result will mention in the next slide.

 The remaining two set of four each including 3 sample 1 blank. Kept for sending to NUS for parallel analysis by using PAK-EPA protocol. It is noted that above experiment has done with second experiment.

 In otherwords both the experiments were parallel performed.

 For the second experiment the passive samplers were injected with absorbing solution for exposure in NUS for comparison with active sampler. Injection of absorbing solution to passive sampler Hanging of Diffusion sampler (for intercomparison ) at Male’ site Bahawalnagar met Department Hanging of diffusion sampler (for inter comparison)at a height Part-1 In Country Exposure and Analysis Report Male’station at Bahawalnagar Meteorological Department

NO2 ANALYSIS REPORT

Sample Exposure Approximate Absorbance Absorbance NO2 ID Time height of of Sample Of Blank Concentration Or 14 exposure(m) (A) (Ao) Days

(PPb) µg/m3

B-1 335 2.5 0.427 0.121 22.64 42.6

21 334 10 0.314 0.121 14.33 26.96

22 334 10 0.289 0.121 12.5 23.5 SO2 ANALYSIS REPORT

Sample ID Exposure Approximate Absorba Absorbanc SO2 Time height of nce of e Concentratio Or 14 Days exposure(m) Sample Of Blank n (A) (Ao)

(PPb µg/m ) 3

12 335 2.5 2.101 0.939 2.76 7.23

B-2 334 10 1.312 0.939 0.89 2.33

30 334 10 1.401 0.939 1.1 2.88 Weather Data Record during in country passive sampler exposure

Minimum Maximum Humidity (%) Date Temp (oC) Temp (oC) 8:00 a.m 17:00 p.m. 29th, Feb 2008 14.1 32.5 65 31 1st , march 2008 14.0 33.2 64 30 2nd , march 2008 15.5 31.4 81 31 3rd , march 2008 14.5 31.8 78 24 4th , march 2008 15 30.0 79 40 5th , march 2008 14.5 30.5 84 34 6th, march 2008 14.5 33.8 79 36 7th, march 2008 16.0 28.5 71 37 8th, march 2008 15.0 36.8 79 43 9th, march 2008 14.5 31.3 79 37 10th , march 2008 15.5 32.7 75 28

11th, march 2008 16.0 30.9 72 38

12th ,march 2008 18.5 31.5 81 31

13th , march 2008 15.5 33.3 75 27 Malfunctioning of equipment like Wet-Only collector

 The following malfunctioning found in the woc.

1. The Wet-Only-Collector battery was found dead with smell up. 2. Charging adaptor was found burnt. 3. Sensor of WOC was found seriously contaminated with birds spill. 4. Solar shunt regulator was found non functional. After the observation of malfunctions in woc the trainee of male’ refresher course made the instrument into working condition and then handed over to meteorological department bahawalnagar. PLAN FOR THE NEXT 4 YEARS Institutional Arrangements

 A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between Pak-EPA and Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) to establish and for proper functioning of Trans-boundary Air Pollution Monitoring Station under Male′ Declaration.

 PMD Officials and staff are looking after the Laboratory and carrying out the monitoring activities. Establishment of Environmental Monitoring System in Pakistan

 To establish the Monitoring Laboratory Network that aims at developing the technical capacity needed to support the environmental monitoring system.

 To grasp the present environmental situation through the environmental monitoring network.

 To compare the analytical data with the Environmental Quality Standard and the Emission Standard.

 To secure the scientific knowledge needed to take administrative measures for improving the deteriorated water/air quality.

 To ensure the effective operation of those regional aims of Pak-EPA as well as their monitoring and protection functions.

• Environmental Monitoring Station (Air and Water) has been installed in the five cities of Pakistan with the cooperation of Japanese Government (JICA). • These are Fixed and Mobile stations and the objective is to get the data of air and water quality parameters. Soil acidification

 The overall soil of pakistan is alkaline in nature its pH range is 8.3 to 8.8  soil of pakistan is divided into three types  i)Sand ridges  it is desert type its pH range is 8.3  ii) Abandoned channels  it is channels of deposited materials which is loamy fine sands to silty clays  iii)Flood Plains  Soil subrecent flood plains moderately deep to deep , dark greyish brown, silty clay loams, and silty clays with week to moderate structure.