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CHENETTE, Louis Fred, 1931- Î,ÎUSIC THEORY in the BRITISH ISLES DURING the ENLIGHTENMENT

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CHENETTE, Louis Fred, 1931- Î,ÎUSIC THEORY in the BRITISH ISLES DURING the ENLIGHTENMENT This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 68-2965 CHENETTE, Louis Fred, 1931- Î,ÎUSIC THEORY IN THE BRITISH ISLES DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1967 Music University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Louis Fred Chenette 1968 4 MUSIC THEORY IN THE BRITISH ISLES • DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Louis Fred Chenette, B.A., M.Mus. ****** The Ohio State University 1967 Approved by A dviser School LSic ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank Professor Norman Phelps for his inspiration and guidance in the writing of this dissertation; Professor William Poland, who stimulated important insights in both musical and technical areas ; and Professor Lee Rigsby, who also provided many valuable suggestions. Thanks are due Miss Olga Buth of The Ohio State University Music Library who assisted in obtaining copies of the source materials, and the librarians of the British Museum who permitted access to their extensive collections. The author's wife, Emmy Lou, not only was a source of encouragement, but also assisted in editing and pre­ paration of the typescript. ii VITA A p ril 2, 1931 Born - Powersville, Iowa 1 9 5 3 .................. B.A., IVheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 1956 .................. M.Mus., Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 1953-1958 . Instructor, Antioch Township High School Antioch, Illinois 1958-1959 • • Instructor, Bemidji State College Bemidji, Minnesota i 960 - .... Associate Professor, Findlay College Findlay, Ohio 1966 - .... Chairman, Division of Fine Arts, Findlay College Findlay, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music Theory iii t a b l e of c o n te n ts Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................. i i i LIST OF PLATES................................................................................................ v i i LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................ ix INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 The Organization of the Study ............................................................ 1 Primary R eferences ................................................................................ 6 Related Studies ..................................................................... '.................. 11 Political and Intellectual Developnents . .................... 19 C hapter I . REASON AND S E N S E .......................................................................... 33 The Return of Rationalism ................................................. 36 Toward Em piricism .................................................................. Summary o f th e Statem ents on Reason and Sense . 69 I I . THEORIES OF SOUND.......................................................................... ?1 Background Inform ation ..................................................... 72 The Generation of MusicaJ. Sound .................................... 73 Theories of Sound Generation ............................... 73 G enerators o f M usical Sound .................................... J8 The Transmission of Musical Sound .............................................9 ^ theories of Transm ission ........................................ 9^ Prohlems Relating to the Transmission of Sound 96 The Theorists on the Transmission of Sound . 98 The Reception of Musical Sound .................................... 113 I I I . SCALE ....................................................................................... 117 Approaches to S cale .............................................................. 117 Charles Butler on Scale and Mode ............................... 119 Renatus Descartes and William Lord Brouncker . 123 John Birchensha .............................' ...................................... 132 Christopher Simpson .............................................................. 140 John Playford ........................................................................... 142 Thomas S a lm o n ........................................................................... 143 William H older ....................................................................... 147 iv III. SCALE, cont. Page Arthur Bedford .......................' .............................................. l4 9 Alexander Malcolm .................................................................. 150 William T urner .................................. 153 Ambrose W arren ....................................................................... 153 Roger North euid Prencourt .................. 154 John F o n d .................................................................................... l6 0 John Christopher Pepusch ...................... ....... l 6o Robert Smith ........................................................................... l6 4 Scale Developments in the Enli^tenm ent .................. 169 IV. CONSONANCE AND DISSONANCE......................................................... 1?4 The Theorists on Consonance and Dissonance . 175 Elway B evin ................................................................................ 1?6 Charles Butler ....................................................................... ITT Renatus D escartes ................................................ 178 Birchensha's Translation of Alsted's "Musica" . 182 Christopher Simpson .............................................................. l8 4 Francis North ........................................................................... l8 4 John Blov .............................................................. ..... 188 Godfrey K e lle r ......................................................... 188 ~ - William Holder .............................. I 88 Alexander Malcolm .................................................................. I 90 Roger North and Prencourt .................................... 193 William Turner ..................................................... 209 John F o n d .................................................................................... 211 John Christopher Pepusch ................................................. 212 John Frederick Lam pe .......................... 2 l4 Robert Sm ith ........................................................................... 215 Giorgio Antoniotto .............................................................. 219 Summary ......................................................................................... 220 V. HARMONIC VOCABULARY....................................................................... 225 Matthev Locke ........................................................................... 226 John B lo w .................................................................................... 230 Godfrey K e lle r .............................‘........................................ 236 Francis N orth ........................................................................... 243 Arthur B edford ....................................................................... 2^6 Roger North ................................................ 25^ Alexander îfelcolm .................................................................. 277 John F o n d .................................................................................... 289 John Christopher Pepusch ................................................. 292 John Frederick Lam pe .......................................................... 309 Giorgio Antoniotto .............................................................. 320 John Holden . ' ..................................... 3 ^ Harmonic Structures in the Treatises ...................... 3^6 Page VI. ENGLISH THEORETICAL WRITINGS DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT 371 Summary o f th e S t u d y ..................................... 371 Reason and Sense .................................................................. 372 Musical Sound ................................................ ......................... 376 Developments in Scale .......................................................... 3^0 Theories of Consonance and Dissonance ...... 386 Developments in Harmonic Theory ............... 391 PRIMARY REFERENCES, AN ANNOTATED L IS T IN G ................... 399 SECONDARY REFERENCES............................................................... 4 l4 VI LIST OF PLATES Plate . ‘ Page I Mace's explanation of the octave .................................................. $0 II Compai'ison of the vibrations of the trumpet and trumpet-marine ............................................................................... 88 III North's example of secondary radiation ................... 107 IV Brouncker's system for division of a string by mean proportionals .............................................................. I 30 V Comparison of tuning system s .................................................. I 33 • VI Comparison of tuning systems, continued ................................ 13^ VII Computations for Birchensha's scale .... ........................ 136 VIII Computations for Birchensha's scale, continued ................... 137 IX Rationale for Birchensha's scale .................................................. 138 X Relative string lengths in Birchensha's
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