Annual Report 2014 • Hong Kong Monetary Authority Page 5
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2014 Annual Report Page 2 Hong Kong Monetary Authority The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is the government authority in Hong Kong responsible for maintaining monetary and banking stability. The HKMA’s policy objectives are • to maintain currency stability within the framework of the Linked Exchange Rate system • to promote the stability and integrity of the financial system, including the banking system • to help maintain Hong Kong’s status as an international financial centre, including the maintenance and development of Hong Kong’s financial infrastructure • to manage the Exchange Fund. The HKMA is an integral part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government but operates with a high degree of autonomy, complemented by a high degree of accountability and transparency. The HKMA is accountable to the people of Hong Kong through the Financial Secretary and through the laws passed by the Legislative Council that set out the Monetary Authority’s powers and responsibilities. In his control of the Exchange Fund, the Financial Secretary is advised by the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee. The HKMA’s offices are at 55/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong Telephone : (852) 2878 8196 Facsimile : (852) 2878 8197 E-mail : [email protected] The HKMA Information Centre is located at 55/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong and is open from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday to Friday and 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. on Saturday (except public holidays). The Centre consists of an Exhibition Area and a Library containing materials on Hong Kong’s monetary, banking and financial affairs and central banking topics. The HKMA’s bilingual website (www.hkma.gov.hk) provides comprehensive information about the HKMA including its main publications and many other materials. Page 2 Page 3 Contents 4 Highlights of 2014 6 Chief Executive’s Statement 10 About the HKMA 16 Advisory Committees 30 Chief Executive’s Committee 33 HKMA Organisation Chart 34 Economic and Financial Environment 46 Monetary Stability 56 Banking Stability 86 International Financial Centre 104 Reserves Management 110 Corporate Functions 125 The Exchange Fund 220 Calendar of Events 2014 222 Annex and Tables 245 Abbreviations used in this Report 246 Reference Resources The chapter on Banking Stability in this Annual Report is the report on the working of the Banking Ordinance and the activities of the office of the Monetary Authority during 2014 submitted by the Monetary Authority to the Financial Secretary in accordance with section 9 of the Banking Ordinance. The full text of this Report is available on the HKMA website. All amounts in this Report are in Hong Kong dollars unless otherwise stated. Page 4 Highlights of 2014 Economic and Financial Monetary Banking Environment Stability Stability Hong Kong’s economy grows the Hong Kong dollar the HKMA steps up supervision at a slower pace amid softer exchange rate against the of banks’ credit growth and growth in domestic demand and uS dollar remains stable, Mainland-related business in light of the increasing a continued weak external trade despite repeated triggering of challenges posed by the performance. the Hang Seng the strong-side Convertibility divergence in advanced index records modest gains in undertaking in July and economies, a slowdown in a sharply fluctuating market, early August. the money Mainland China and the active while the residential property market functions normally local property market. market turns more active with with ample liquidity, and the housing prices picking up and linked exchange Rate System the HKMA collaborates with other regulators to take robust trading activity rebounding. continues to command high supervisory measures on public and market confidence. the sale of investment and Hong Kong’s banking sector the HKMA launches the world’s insurance products. the HKMA remains resilient. Retail banks first structured coin collection has worked with the industry are well capitalised with sound scheme using mobile approach to complete the review of the asset quality. profitability grows to help the public get value for Code of Banking practice modestly while credit expansion their coins while reducing the to strengthen consumer protection. An enhanced eases. need to mint new coins. competency framework for private wealth management practitioners is launched to raise professional standards. the year also sees the implementation of the second phase of the Basel iii standards, and progress is made on setting up a resolution regime for financial institutions and measures to enhance the Deposit protection Scheme. 4 AnnuAl RepoRt 2014 • Hong Kong MonetARy AutHoRity Page 5 International Reserves Corporate Financial Centre Management Functions Hong Kong’s role as the the exchange Fund records the HKMA continues to premier hub for renminbi an investment income of strengthen its connection with business strengthens as renminbi activities expand $44.7 billion giving a return the community through timely globally. the Shanghai- of 1.4% despite the difficult dissemination of information, Hong Kong Stock Connect is investment environment. effective communication with launched, opening up a new channel for cross-border use total assets of the Fund reach the media, and other public and circulation of renminbi. $3,149.0 billion at the end of education activities. Robust Renminbi daily conversion limit 2014. control processes are in place for Hong Kong residents is no longer applied by banks with to ensure efficient deployment effect from 17 november. the the HKMA continues to diversify of resources. HKMA staff HKMA introduces measures to part of the Fund’s investment maintain professionalism in enhance renminbi liquidity in Hong Kong to facilitate market into various asset classes. At upholding best practices in development. the end of 2014, the market governance, financial budgeting value of investments under the and disclosure, internal the first sukuk (islamic bond) under the government Bond long-term growth portfolio controls, risk management and programme is successfully totals $115.2 billion, made up general support. Staff members issued in September. the of $80.5 billion in private equity also actively participate in green uS$1 billion 5-year issuance attracts strong demand from and $34.7 billion in real estate, initiatives and charity work. global investors and receives with outstanding investment international recognition. commitments amounting to the HKMA becomes a member $80.9 billion. of the South-east Asian Central Banks (SeACen) group, which promotes training and research for central banks in the region. the legislative framework for a new regulatory regime for stored value facilities and retail payment systems is finalised. Hong Kong MonetARy AutHoRity • AnnuAl RepoRt 2014 5 Chief Executive’s Statement 2014 was another unusual and volatile year for the global economy and financial markets, which were in no small part affected by the unconventional monetary policies of the advanced economies. it was a highly challenging year for the HKMA. While the US economy was recovering steadily, growth in Europe and Japan was weak, resulting in divergent monetary policy paths in the major economies. The US Federal Reserve started to taper its asset purchase programme in January 2014 and wrapped up the programme in October as planned. Nevertheless, there were still considerable uncertainties in the timing and pace of interest rate hikes. The euro-zone economy stagnated, and while the long-awaited monetary easing finally materialised, the prospects were somehow undermined by the outcome of the greek election early this year. last november, the Bank of Japan announced an expansion of its quantitative and qualitative monetary easing programme, but the effectiveness remains to be seen. Throughout last year, the myriad of factors contributed to the uncertainty and volatility of the financial markets. US interest rates went down instead of up during the year, defying market expectations; the US dollar strengthened sharply in the second half; equity markets in the US and Japan rallied, while those in Europe swung; oil prices plummeted by more than half in the second half; growth in emerging economies, including China, lost steam; and geopolitical tensions heightened. These developments, taken together, had made the macro environment more complex and uncertain. in addition to a complicated global environment, Hong Kong had its own domestic challenges. normal services in some bank branches were disrupted during the 79-day occupy Movement. Despite this, the business continuity plans activated by the HKMA and by the affected banks operated smoothly and without incidents. the HKMA also stood ready to provide liquidity support to the banking system as and when needed. During the occupy Movement, the local banking system and financial markets continued to function normally and the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate and interest rates remained stable, reflecting the strong market and public confidence in Hong Kong. the linked exchange Rate System has been the cornerstone of Hong Kong’s monetary and financial stability since its introduction in 1983. As a result of fund-raising and other commercial activities, a total of uS$9.7 billion equivalent of funds flowed into the Hong Kong dollar in July and August. the strong-side Convertibility undertaking under the Currency Board system was repeatedly triggered, injecting Hong Kong dollar liquidity into the market to maintain exchange rate stability. the Hong Kong dollar softened in the fourth quarter. Throughout the year, there was ample liquidity in the interbank market, while the interbank rates remained largely steady, which provided a stable monetary environment for trading, commercial and other economic activities in Hong Kong. Page 6 6 AnnuAl RepoRt 2014 • Hong Kong MonetARy AutHoRity Page 7 the emergence of high-quality counterfeit HK$1,000 banknotes in December 2013 and early 2014 aroused widespread public concern. the HKMA responded swiftly with multipronged measures that helped curb the further circulation of such counterfeit notes.