Introduction to Coal Mining Weir International, Inc
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278 Subpart B—Coal Preparation Plants and Coal Preparation Plant
§ 434.20 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–16 Edition) treat coal rine drainage, coal prepara- ration plants and coal preparation tion plant process wastewater, or plant association areas, as indicated, drainage from coal preparation plant including discharges which are associated areas, which remove pollut- pumped, siphoned, or drained from the ants regulated by this part from such coal preparation plant water circuit waters. This includes all pipes, chan- and coal storage, refuse storage, and nels, ponds, basins, tanks and all other ancillary areas related to the cleaning equipment serving such structures. or beneficiation of coal of any rank in- (p) The term ‘‘coal refuse disposal cluding, but not limited to, bitu- pile’’ means any coal refuse deposited minous, lignite, and anthracite. on the earth and intended as perma- nent dispoal or long-term storage § 434.21 [Reserved] (greater than 180 days) of such mate- rial, but does not include coal refuse § 434.22 Effluent limitation guidelines deposited within the active mining representing the degree of effluent area or coal refuse never removed from reduction attainable by the applica- tion of the best practicable control the active mining area. technology currently available (q) The term ‘‘controlled surface (BPT). mine drainage’’ means any surface mine drainage that is pumped or si- (a) Except as provided in 40 CFR phoned from the active mining area. 125.30–125.32, 40 CFR 401.17, and §§ 434.61, (r) The term ‘‘abandoned mine’’ 434.62 and 434.63 of this part, the fol- means a mine where mining operations -
The Strip Mining Handbook
1 FOREWORD 2 by 3 U.S. Rep. Morris K. Udall, Chairman 4 House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee 5 January, 1990 6 Congressman Morris (“Mo”) Udall, tireless champion of the federal strip mining laws, passed away on December 12, 1998. This foreword, which first appeared in the 1980 edition of this book, is included in its entirety as a tribute to Mo and to his extraordinary efforts to protect the public and the environment from the ravages of strip mining. 7 8 9 In the 1960's and early 1970's coal strip mining quickly overwhelmed underground mining as the 10 dominant mining method. But the new mining methods brought ravaged hillsides and polluted streams 11 to the once-beautiful landscape. State governments proved ill-equipped to prevent the severe 12 environmental degradation that this new mining method left in its wake. From our rivers, forests and 13 Appalachian Mountains in the East, to our prime farmlands of the Midwest, to our prairies and deserts of the 14 great West, stories abound during this time of reckless coal operators devastating landscapes, polluting 15 the water, destroying family homes, churches and cemeteries, and threatening fragile ecosystems. Perhaps 16 the most tragic case of abuse came on February 26th, 1972, at Buffalo Creek in Logan County, West Virginia, 17 when a crudely constructed coal waste dam collapsed causing a flood that killed 125 people, left scores of 18 others homeless, and caused millions of dollars in property damage. Something had to be done. 19 I was proud to stand in the White House Rose Garden on August 3rd, 1977, to witness the President sign 20 into law a bill that I sponsored — the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA). -
Effect of Water Quality on Coal Thermoplasticity Feng Zhang
Effect of water quality on coal thermoplasticity Feng Zhang A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Engineering School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering June 2018 II III Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors Associate Professor Seher Ata and Dr. Ghislain Bournival for their support, guidance and encouragement throughout my research study. I am especially grateful to Seher, who was the supervisor of my undergraduate thesis, for trusting my ability to complete this research degree. Special thanks to Professor Alan Buckley for his help with my understanding on coal surface chemistry and surface analysis. Also, many thanks to Mr. Noel Lambert, for providing valuable information related to this research topic, as well as preparing and transporting the coal and process water samples. I appreciate Dr. Bin Gong, Dr. Yin Yao for their help with the XPS analysis and SEM analysis. I would like to thank Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) for funding this research project and providing the coal and process water samples. Lastly, thanks to my family and friends, especially to my girlfriend, Hongni Yin, for their endless support throughout these two years. IV Abstract Process water reuse is a common practice in Australian coal preparation plants. It is an effective solution to on-site water scarcity and to minimize environmental impacts. This study investigates the effect of inorganic mineral salts in the process water on the thermoplastic properties of metallurgical coals after a short period of mild oxidation. Two different Australian metallurgical coals were treated with the process water received from a coal preparation plant based in Queensland, AU, and exposed to air at ambient temperature. -
The Dirty Secrets of Coal Cleaning: Pollution and Enforcement Options At
The Dirty Secrets of Coal Cleaning: Pollution and Enforcement Options at Pennsylvania Coal Preparation Plants October 14, 2014 The Environmental Integrity Project • Lisa Widawsky Hallowell Grant funding was made possible through the Foundation for Pennsylvania Watersheds (FPW), and is intended to support Clear Water Conservancy’s work in advancing the quality of our environment. FPW is a nonprofit, grant-making organization supporting water quality needs throughout Pennsylvania. Table of Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 2 II. OVERVIEW OF COAL PREP PLANT PERMITS ............................................................... 4 III. ANALYSIS: WATER POLLUTION .................................................................................. 5 A. Summary of Laws Related to Releases to Water and Land ............................................. 6 1. The Clean Water Act .................................................................................................... 6 2. Other Laws Requiring Disclosure of Chemicals and Releases .................................... 9 B. Storage of Large Volumes of Chemicals at Coal Preparation Plants ............................. 10 C. Incomplete Permit Applications that Fail to Disclose Metals and other Coal Pollutants in Permit Applications .............................................................................................................. 12 D. No Limits for Metals or Coal Cleaning Pollutants Commonly -
2008 Abstract Booklet
TWENTY - FIFTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL PITTSBURGH COAL CONFERENCE COAL - ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ABSTRACTS BOOKLET September 29 - October 2, 2008 The Westin Convention Center Pittsburgh, PA USA The Westin Hotel and Convention Center Hosted By: University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering A NOTE TO THE READER This Abstracts Booklet is prepared solely as a convenient reference for the Conference participants. Abstracts are arranged in a numerical order of the oral and poster sessions as published in the Final Conference Program. In order to facilitate the task for the reader to locate a specific abstract in a given session, each paper is given two numbers: the first designates the session number and the second represents the paper number in that session. For example, Paper No. 25-1 is the first paper to be presented in the Oral Session #25. Similarly, Paper No. P3-1 is the first paper to appear in the Poster Session #3. It should be cautioned that this Abstracts Booklet is prepared based on the original abstract that was submitted, unless the author noted an abstract change. The contents of the Booklet do not reflect late changes made by the authors for their presentations at the Conference. The reader should consult the Final Conference Program for any such changes. Furthermore, updated and detailed full manuscripts are published in the CD-ROM Conference Proceedings will be sent to all registered participants following the Conference. On behalf of the Twenty-Fifth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, we wish to express our sincere appreciation to Ms. Heidi M. Aufdenkamp, Mr. -
Effects of Longwall Mining Subsidence on Ground Water
EFFECTS OF LONGW ALL MINING SUBSIDENCE ON GROUND WATER LEVELS WITHIN A WATERSHED HYDRAULICALLY ISOLATED FROM MINE DRAINAGE' Bogdan Staszewski2 Abstract: Surface and ground water resources are effectively preserved from depletion by underground mine drainage if impervious deposits of sufficient thickness and extent that underlie the aquifer avoid fracturing and undergo only plastic deformation resulted from the strata flexure. This does not mean, however, that these waters are not subjected to the effects of mining disturbance. Differential vertical settlement of the mine overburden and the ground surface can significantly affect flow pattern and water retention within a watershed area. This is evident, for example, in the areas of multi seam coal mining where the longwall method is used. The effects of this type of mining on water level were tested in a selected watershed where shallow water bearing deposits were entirely isolated from underground mine pumpage. Results of more than 7 years of field investigations were compared with data collected from other coal mining areas of various hydrogeological conditions. The study revealed a variety of water table responses on the postmining subsidence. Basically, changes of water table height in a given site above the point located at the top of aquifer base depend mainly on alteration of that point position against the local drainage base in the hierarchic structure of flow system. The relationship between the magnitude of ground subsidence and water level decline varies within the area of the subsidence trough, within the watershed, and among various watersheds of different hydrogeologic conditions. Except for the situation of hydrostatic flow conditions, lowering of water table elevation in response to the settlement of aquifer base was observed. -
The Applicability of Underground Mining Methods in Limestone Quarries of Western Taurus
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining, Material and Metallurgical Engineering Prague, Czech Republic, August 11-12, 2014 Paper No. 61 The Applicability of Underground Mining Methods in Limestone Quarries of Western Taurus Mete Kun, Baran Tufan Department of Mining Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University Izmir, Turkey [email protected]; [email protected] Nejat Kun Department of Geological Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University Izmir, Turkey [email protected] Abstract -Turkey is one of the world leaders in the production and trading of natural stones for a decade, especially with rich calcium carbonate originated marble reserves. The marble quarrying in Turkey gathered around three main regions with production of more than 700 type of limestone, marble, travertine and other decorative stones with different colors and patterns. These regions can be listed as Aegean, Mediterranean and Central Anatolia. The Mediterranean Region stands out with light colored limestone which is in demand nowadays. The underground mining becomes a preferable alternative regarding the increasing production capacity, increasing transportation cost due to deepening open pits, necessity of selective production and occurrence of waste problems. The operating parameters are investigating regarding these difficulties in limestone quarries applying room and pillar method in Southern Turkey (Western Taurus). The internal parameters of the related rock sample is investigated and revealed by laboratory tests and experiments. The parameters are applied to a two dimensional model suitable for underground mining and applicable to related quarry to form the room and pillar geometry. The results gathered by modeling are compared to the underground quarry survey results and the safety factors for the underground openings (rooms) and pillars are evaluated in comparison. -
Coal Mine Methane Recovery: a Primer
Coal Mine Methane Recovery: A Primer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency July 2019 EPA-430-R-09-013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was originally prepared under Task Orders No. 13 and 18 of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Contract EP-W-05-067 by Advanced Resources, Arlington, USA and updated under Contract EP-BPA-18-0010. This report is a technical document meant for information dissemination and is a compilation and update of five reports previously written for the USEPA. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). USEPA does not: (a) make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe upon privately owned rights; (b) assume any liability with respect to the use of, or damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report; or (c) imply endorsement of any technology supplier, product, or process mentioned in this report. ABSTRACT This Coal Mine Methane (CMM) Recovery Primer is an update of the 2009 CMM Primer, which reviewed the major methods of CMM recovery from gassy mines. [USEPA 1999b, 2000, 2001a,b,c] The intended audiences for this Primer are potential investors in CMM projects and project developers seeking an overview of the basic technical details of CMM drainage methods and projects. The report reviews the main pre-mining and post-mining CMM drainage methods with associated costs, water disposal options and in-mine and surface gas collection systems. -
Underground Mining Methods and Equipment - S
CIVIL ENGINEERING – Vol. II - Underground Mining Methods and Equipment - S. Okubo and J. Yamatomi UNDERGROUND MINING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT S. Okubo and J. Yamatomi University of Tokyo, Japan Keywords: Mining method, underground mining, room-and-pillar mining, sublevel stoping, cut-and-fill, longwall mining, sublevel caving, block caving, backfill, support, ventilation, mining machinery, excavation, cutting, drilling, loading, hauling Contents 1. Underground Mining Methods 1.1. Classification of Underground Mining Methods 1.2. Underground Operations in General 1.3. Room-and-pillar Mining 1.4. Sublevel Stoping 1.5. Cut-and-fill Stoping 1.6. Longwall Mining 1.7. Sublevel Caving 1.8. Block Caving 2. Underground Mining Machinery Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The first section gives an overview of underground mining methods and practices as used commonly in underground mines, including classification of underground mining methods and brief explanations of the techniques of room-and-pillar mining, sublevel stoping, cut-and-fill, longwall mining, sublevel caving, and block caving. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. 1. UndergroundUNESCO Mining Methods – EOLSS 1.1. Classification of Underground Mining Methods Mineral productionSAMPLE in which all extracting operations CHAPTERS are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit and/or the waste to ore ratio (stripping ratio) are too great to commence a surface operation. Once the economic feasibility has been verified, the most appropriate mining methods must be selected according to the natural/geological conditions and spatial/geometric characteristics of mineral deposits. -
COAL CONFERENCE University of Pittsburgh · Swanson School of Engineering ABSTRACTS BOOKLET
Thirty-Fifth Annual INTERNATIONAL PITTSBURGH COAL CONFERENCE University of Pittsburgh · Swanson School of Engineering ABSTRACTS BOOKLET Clean Coal-based Energy/Fuels and the Environment October 15-18, 2018 New Century Grand Hotel Xuzhou Hosted by: The conference acknowledges the support of Co-hosted by: K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong A NOTE TO THE READER This Abstracts Booklet is prepared solely as a convenient reference for the Conference participants. Abstracts are arranged in a numerical order of the oral and poster sessions as published in the Final Conference Program. In order to facilitate the task for the reader to locate a specific abstract in a given session, each paper is given two numbers: the first designates the session number and the second represents the paper number in that session. For example, Paper No. 25.1 is the first paper to be presented in the Oral Session #25. Similarly, Paper No. P3.1 is the first paper to appear in the Poster Session #3. It should be cautioned that this Abstracts Booklet is prepared based on the original abstracts that were submitted, unless the author noted an abstract change. The contents of the Booklet do not reflect late changes made by the authors for their presentations at the Conference. The reader should consult the Final Conference Program for any such changes. Furthermore, updated and detailed full manuscripts, published in the Conference Proceedings, will be sent to all registered participants following the Conference. On behalf of the Thirty-Fifth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, we wish to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to Ms. -
Non-Energy Uses of Coal
CCC/ 291 NOVEMBER 2018 NON-ENERGY USES OF COAL DR IAN REID NON-ENERGY USES OF COAL IEA CLEAN COAL CENTR E APSLEY HOUSE, 176 UPPER RICHMOND R OAD LONDON, SW15 2SH UNITED KINGDOM +44[0]20 3905 3870 WWW.IEA-COAL.ORG AUTHOR DR IAN REID IEA CCC REPORT NUMBER CCC/291 ISBN 978–92–9029–614–0 © IEA CLEAN COAL CENTRE PUBLICATION DATE NOVEMBER 2018 3 IEA CLEAN COAL CENTR E – NON-ENERGY USES OF C OAL PREFACE This report has been produced by the IEA Clean Coal Centre and is based on a survey and analysis of published literature, and on information gathered in discussions with interested organisations and individuals. Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged. It should be understood that the views expressed in this report are our own, and are not necessarily shared by those who supplied the information, nor by our member organisations. The IEA Clean Coal Centre was established in 1975 and has contracting parties and sponsors from: Australia, China, the European Commission, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, the UAE, the UK and the USA. The overall objective of the IEA Clean Coal Centre is to continue to provide our members, the IEA Working Party on Fossil Fuels and other interested parties with independent information and analysis on all coal-related trends compatible with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We consider all aspects of coal production, transport, processing and utilisation, within the rationale for balancing security of supply, affordability and environmental issues. These include efficiency improvements, lowering greenhouse and non-greenhouse gas emissions, reducing water stress, financial resourcing, market issues, technology development and deployment, ensuring poverty alleviation through universal access to electricity, sustainability, and social licence to operate. -
Muswellbrook Coal Company Limited
Muswellbrook Coal Company Limited Annual Environmental Management Report 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012 Muswellbrook Coal Company Limited CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Consents, Lease and Licences ................................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Development Consents ................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Mining Leases .................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 Licenses ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.4 Mining Operation Plan ..................................................................................................... 3 1.1.5 Environmental Management Plans 5-year Review ......................................................... 3 1.2 Mine Contacts .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Inspection by Department of Industry and Investment NSW (DTIRIS) ...................... 4 2 OPERATIONS DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD .................................................... 4 2.1 Exploration ............................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Land Preparation .....................................................................................................