DOCSLIB.ORG

Biosafety and Biosecurity Requirements for Orientia Spp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biosafety and Biosecurity Requirements for Orientia Spp Blacksell et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:1044 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4653-4 DEBATE Open Access Biosafety and biosecurity requirements for Orientia spp. diagnosis and research: recommendations for risk-based biocontainment, work practices and the case for reclassification to risk group 2 Stuart D. Blacksell1,2,3* , Matthew T. Robinson2,3, Paul N. Newton2,3, Soiratchaneekorn Ruanchaimun1, Jeanne Salje1,2, Tri Wangrangsimakul1,2, Matthew D. Wegner4, Mohammad Yazid Abdad5, Allan M. Bennett6, Allen L. Richards7, John Stenos8 and Nicholas P. J. Day1,2 Abstract Scrub typhus is an important arthropod-borne disease causing significant acute febrile illness by infection with Orientia spp. Using a risk-based approach, this review examines current practice, the evidence base and regulatory requirements regarding matters of biosafety and biosecurity, and presents the case for reclassification from Risk Group 3 to Risk Group 2 along with recommendations for safe working practices of risk-based activities during the manipulation of Orientia spp. in the laboratory. We recommend to reclassify Orientia spp. to Risk Group 2 based on the classification for RG2 pathogens as being moderate individual risk, low community risk. We recommend that low risk activities, can be performed within a biological safety cabinet located in a Biosafety Level (BSL) 2 core laboratory using standard personal protective equipment. But when the risk assessment indicates, such as high concentration and volume, or aerosol generation, then a higher biocontainment level is warranted. For, the majority of animal activities involving Orientia spp., Animal BSL 2 (ABSL2) is recommended however where high risk activities are performed including necropsies, Animal BSL (ABSL3) is recommended. Keywords: Orientia, Scrub typhus, Biosafety, Biocontainment, Risk group Background Orientia spp. are members of the family Rickettsiaceae Scrub typhus is an important arthropod-borne disease in the order Rickettsiales, are Gram-negative, obligate, causing significant acute febrile illness in the Asia- intracellular bacteria and are transmitted by arthropod Pacific region [1] caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. vectors [8, 9]. Other members of scrub typhus group orientiae [2] in- The laboratory diagnosis of scrub typhus requires the clude Candidatus Orientia chuto from United Arab detection of antibodies against and/or nucleic acids of O. Emirates [3] and Kenya [4], and the incompletely charac- tsutsugamushi using serological techniques and PCR, re- terized orientiae that cause scrub typhus in Chile [5–7]. spectively [9, 10]. In vitro culture of Orientia spp. is gen- erally not required for diagnostic purposes, though * Correspondence: [email protected] culture is required to provide the raw materials for diag- 1Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical nostic assays, whole genome sequencing, and the study Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand of growth characteristics. The in vitro or in vivo culture 2Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK of Orientia spp. has the potential hazard of laboratory- Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Blacksell et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:1044 Page 2 of 10 acquired infections (LAIs) of staff by means of parenteral regulations as specified by national regulators and a inoculation such as accidental self-inoculation, cut, ani- summary is provided in Table 2. mal bite or scratch, or exposure to aerosols from labora- Physical biocontainment is generally classified as bio- tory procedures or accidents [11–13]. Furthermore, safety levels (BSL1–4) although there are differing national Orientia spp. are sensitive to antibiotics including doxy- standards and regulations. To increase standardisation, cycline and azithromycin [14, 15]. the World Health Organization (WHO) has recently re- Using a risk-based approach, this review examines the vised the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual (LBM 4th evidence base, regulatory requirements and current edition) using a risk-based approach [24] with three levels practice, regarding biosafety and biosecurity practises, of biocontainment; 1) Core, 2) Heightened Control Mea- and argues for the reclassification from Risk Group 3 to sures (HCM) and 3) Maximum containment. Risk Group 2 along with recommendations for safe prac- tices of risk-based activities during the manipulation of USA regulations Orientia spp. in the laboratory. Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia spp. (e.g. R. pro- wazekii, R. typhi, R. rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, R. akari, Risk group classification and biocontainment regulations R. australis, R. sibirica, and R. japonica) are classified as for Orientia spp. research RG3 organisms and are detailed in the BMBL 5th edition Risk Groups (RG) (known as Hazard Groups (HG) in [21] in regards to their control as follows (p197–198). the United Kingdom) are used as biosafety “shorthand” “BSL2 practices, biocontainment equipment, and facil- to quantify the degree of hazard associated with a patho- ities are recommended for non-propagative laboratory gen or toxin. Although there is no universal RG classifi- procedures, including serological and fluorescent anti- cation there is general agreement amongst countries on body procedures, and for the staining of impression RG principles (Table 1). Briefly, RG1 pathogens are smears. BSL3 practices, biocontainment equipment, and those of low individual and community risk. RG2 patho- facilities are recommended for all other manipulations of gens represent the largest group and have the character- known or potentially infectious materials, including nec- istics of moderate individual risk and low community ropsy of experimentally infected animals and trituration risk, and there is general agreement that they are classi- of their tissues, and inoculation, incubation, and harvest- fied as those that “can cause human disease and might ing of embryonated eggs or cell cultures. Animal BSL be a hazard to workers and effective treatment and (ABSL) 2 practices, biocontainment equipment, and fa- preventive measures are available (antibiotics or vaccine) cilities are recommended for the holding of experimen- and the risk of spread of diseases in the community tally infected mammals other than arthropods. ABSL3 caused by these pathogens is low”. RG3 pathogens are practices, biocontainment equipment, and facilities are considered high individual risk with limited/moderate recommended for animal studies with arthropods natur- community risk and “likely to cause serious disease and ally or experimentally infected with rickettsial agents of may present a risk of spreading to the community, but human disease. Several species, including R. montanen- there is usually effective prophylaxis or treatment avail- sis, R. rhipicephali, R. bellii, and R. canadensis, are not able” (Table 1). known to cause human disease and may be handled At present, all members of Orientia spp. and the re- under BSL2 conditions.” lated Rickettsia spp. are classified as RG3 pathogens or equivalent in the United States, United Kingdom, UK regulations Australia, Singapore, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, In the UK, the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Path- and the European Union [17, 19]. As such, significant ogens (ACDP) advises the Health and Safety Executive biosafety controls have been placed on their manipula- (HSE) on aspects of hazards and risks to workers and tion, propagation and storage. Interestingly, in many re- others from pathogen exposure pathogens. All Rickettsia gions where the disease is endemic, there are few spp. (R. akari, R. canadensis, R. conorii, R. montanensis, statutory regulations or guidelines regarding biosafety, as R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii, R. (Orientia) tsutsugamushi, well as a lack of clear guidance on the level of biocon- R. sennetsu, R. typhi) are classified as HG 3 pathogens in tainment required for laboratory work on Orientia spp. the Approved List of Biological agents 2013 (ACDP/ In the absence of clear local regulations, government HSE) [20]. The Control of Substances Hazardous to regulatory authorities often look to the USA or UK regu- Health Regulations 2002 (Schedule 3, Part I, Paragraph 3 lations, or elsewhere, to provide the basis for biosafety (4) (b)) state that “the minimum biocontainment level… and biocontainment. There is often an imperative from shall be… level 3 for activities which involve working donors to meet specific biosafety and biocontainment with a Group 3 biological agent” and so, in the UK, all guidelines prior to the disbursement of funds. The fol- work with confirmed Orientia spp. must be conducted lowing is a short description of the guidelines and in a Biocontainment Level (CL = UK BSL equivalent) 3 Blacksell et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:1044 Page 3 of 10
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Equine Biosecurity and Biocontainment Practices on U.S
    Veterinary Services Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health November 2006 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Equine Biosecurity and Biocontainment Practices on U.S. Equine Operations With the globalization of animal industries, biosecurity General Practices and biocontainment practices play a vital role in the health of domestic animals. Biosecurity practices include General biosecurity measures taken on equine measures that reduce the risk of disease introduction on operations include isolation protocols, infection-control an operation. Biocontainment practices include precautions for visitors, and use of separate or measures that reduce the spread of disease on an disinfected equipment. Other general management operation and from one operation to another. practices address contact with other animals, potential Vaccination, another important aid in infection control, contamination of feed and water, insect control, and will be addressed in a separate information sheet. manure management. Equine diseases are spread in a variety of ways, including direct contact between equids and contact with Separation for isolation or infection control feces, insect or animal vectors, aerosol particles, and contaminated needles. Often overlooked but equally Overall, 65.1 percent of operations separated important modes of disease transmission include contact animals for isolation or infection control. For this study, with contaminated equipment, tack, transport
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
    USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK FREDERICK, MARYLAND Emergency Response Numbers National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 or (for chem/bio hazards & terrorist events) 1-202-267-2675 National Domestic Preparedness Office: 1-202-324-9025 (for civilian use) Domestic Preparedness Chem/Bio Helpline: 1-410-436-4484 or (Edgewood Ops Center – for military use) DSN 584-4484 USAMRIID’s Emergency Response Line: 1-888-872-7443 CDC'S Emergency Response Line: 1-770-488-7100 Handbook Download Site An Adobe Acrobat Reader (pdf file) version of this handbook can be downloaded from the internet at the following url: http://www.usamriid.army.mil USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 Lead Editor Lt Col Jon B. Woods, MC, USAF Contributing Editors CAPT Robert G. Darling, MC, USN LTC Zygmunt F. Dembek, MS, USAR Lt Col Bridget K. Carr, MSC, USAF COL Ted J. Cieslak, MC, USA LCDR James V. Lawler, MC, USN MAJ Anthony C. Littrell, MC, USA LTC Mark G. Kortepeter, MC, USA LTC Nelson W. Rebert, MS, USA LTC Scott A. Stanek, MC, USA COL James W. Martin, MC, USA Comments and suggestions are appreciated and should be addressed to: Operational Medicine Department Attn: MCMR-UIM-O U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION The Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, which has become affectionately known as the "Blue Book," has been enormously successful - far beyond our expectations.
    [Show full text]
  • Concepts of Biocontainment & Biosafety Training
    Concepts of Biocontainment & Biosafety Training UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA - CHARLOTTE/ APRIL 30, 2014 CLIENT NAME / DATE Regulatory Guidance . OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard . NIH Recombinant Guidelines – Apply to all institutions receiving NIH funding – Covers rDNA work, but also includes risk group listing . Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) . Select Agent and Toxin regulations . Dangerous goods shipping regulations . North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources CLIENT NAME / DATE US Guidance for Laboratories . BMBL Outlines: – Standard Microbiological Practices – Special Microbiological Practices – Safety Equipment – Facilities . Includes – Agent summary statements – BSC design and use – Toxin handling http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm CLIENT NAME / DATE Layers of Protection CLIENT NAME / DATE Definitions . Biohazard – A biological agent capable of self- replication that can cause disease in humans, animals, or plants – Generally, a microorganism, or toxins and allergens derived from those organisms . Biocontainment Class III cabinets at the U.S. Biological Warfare Laboratories, Camp Detrick, Maryland (Photo, 1940s) – the physical containment of pathogenic organisms or agents to prevent accidental infection of workers or release into the surrounding community . CLIENT NAME / DATE Biosafety . Fundamental objective: – Containment of potentially harmful biological agents . Risk assessment: – Helps to assign the biosafety level that reduces to an absolute minimum the worker’s exposure to agents, their risk of an LAI (lab associated infection), and potential impact on the community and the environment CLIENT NAME / DATE Biosafety Levels (BSLs) . Combinations of lab practices and techniques, safety equipment, and laboratory facilities . Appropriate level determined by risk assessment . Specifically appropriate for: – Organism in use – Operations performed in the laboratory – Known or suspected routes of infection CLIENT NAME / DATE Determining BSLs .
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Biodefense Public Report Implementation of the National Biodefense Strategy PREFACE
    2019 Biodefense Public Report Implementation of the National Biodefense Strategy PREFACE The National Biodefense Strategy (NBS or the Strategy) was released on September 18, 2018 and guides the U.S. government’s efforts to reduce the risk of, prepare for, respond to, and recover from biological incidents, whether naturally occurring, deliberate, or accidental in origin. National Security Presidential Memorandum-14 (NSPM-14) directs implementation of the Strategy, including the development of this Biodefense Public Report. This report does not primarily address activities related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because the data collection period concluded well before the HHS Secretary’s declaration of a public health emergency regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the content of this report is diverse and highlights some of the efforts across the U.S. government to address all biological threats. Development of this report followed the timeline laid out in NSPM-14. Work began among federal departments and agencies to collect biodefense data in late 2018, the first year to capture biodefense programs and activities across the federal government, and continued through the first half of 2019. This report describes a sampling of specific achievements and programs undertaken by federal agencies that reduce the risk of biological threats to the American people. In addition to the specific programs captured here, many other activities continue to be implemented across the federal government to protect the United States from a wide range of biological threats. Some of the efforts that have been described within this report, and many activities that have not been reported here, support the ongoing COVID-19 response.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Bioterrorism
    From the pages of Recent titles Agricultural Bioterrorism: A Federal Strategy to Meet the Threat Agricultural in the McNair MCNAIR PAPER 65 Bioterrorism: Paper series: A Federal Strategy to Meet the Threat 64 The United States ignores the The Strategic Implications of a Nuclear-Armed Iran Agricultural potential for agricultural bioter- Kori N. Schake and rorism at its peril. The relative Judith S. Yaphe Bioterrorism: ease of a catastrophic bio- weapons attack against the 63 A Federal Strategy American food and agriculture All Possible Wars? infrastructure, and the devastat- Toward a Consensus View of the Future Security to Meet the Threat ing economic and social conse- Environment, 2001–2025 quences of such an act, demand Sam J. Tangredi that the Nation pursue an aggres- sive, focused, coordinated, and 62 stand-alone national strategy to The Revenge of the Melians: Asymmetric combat agricultural bioterrorism. Threats and the Next QDR The strategy should build on Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr. counterterrorism initiatives already underway; leverage exist- 61 ing Federal, state, and local pro- Illuminating HENRY S. PARKER grams and capabilities; and Tomorrow’s War Martin C. Libicki involve key customers, stake- PARKER holders, and partners. The U.S. 60 Department of Agriculture The Revolution in should lead the development of Military Affairs: this strategy. Allied Perspectives Robbin F. Laird and Holger H. Mey Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University About the Author NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY President: Vice Admiral Paul G. Gaffney II, USN Henry S. Parker is National Program Leader for Aquaculture at the Vice President: Ambassador Robin Lynn Raphel Agricultural Research Service in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Eb117/2006/Rec/2
    EB117/2006/REC/2 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION EXECUTIVE BOARD 117TH SESSION GENEVA, 23-27 JANUARY 2006 SUMMARY RECORDS GENEVA 2006 ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations used in WHO documentation include the following: ACHR – Advisory Committee on Health PAHO – Pan American Health Research Organization ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian UNAIDS – Joint United Nations Programme Nations on HIV/AIDS CEB – United Nations System Chief UNCTAD – United Nations Conference on Executives Board for Trade and Development Coordination (formerly ACC) UNDCP – United Nations International CIOMS – Council for International Drug Control Programme Organizations of Medical UNDP – United Nations Development Sciences Programme FAO – Food and Agriculture UNEP – United Nations Environment Organization of the United Programme Nations UNESCO – United Nations Educational, IAEA – International Atomic Energy Scientific and Cultural Agency Organization IARC – International Agency for UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund Research on Cancer UNHCR – Office of the United Nations ICAO – International Civil Aviation High Commissioner for Refugees Organization UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund IFAD – International Fund for UNIDO – United Nations Industrial Agricultural Development Development Organization ILO – International Labour UNRWA – United Nations Relief and Works Organization (Office) Agency for Palestine Refugees in IMF – International Monetary Fund the Near East IMO – International Maritime WFP – World Food Programme Organization WIPO – World Intellectual Property
    [Show full text]
  • Biosecurity: a Comprehensive Action Plan Center for American Progress
    Center for American Progress Biosecurity A Comprehensive Action Plan Andrew J. Grotto Jonathan B. Tucker Progressive Ideas for a Strong, Just, and Free America Biosecurity: A Comprehensive Action Plan Center for American Progress Biosecurity A Comprehensive Action Plan Andrew J. Grotto and Jonathan B. Tucker June 2006 After Guantanamo: A Special Tribunal for International Terrorist Suspects 1 Biosecurity: A Comprehensive Action Plan Center for American Progress Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i BIOLOGICAL THREATS FACING THE UNITED STATES 1 PREVENTING BIO-CATASTROPHES: THE NEED FOR A GLOBAL APPROACH 9 PREVENTING THE MISUSE OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 9 RECOMMENDATIONS STRENGTHENING BIOLOGICAL DISARMAMENT MEASURES 14 RECOMMENDATIONS 8 CONTAINING DISEASE OUTBREAKS: AN INTEGRATED PUBLIC HEALTH STRATEGY 21 TIMELY DETECTION OF OUTBREAKS 22 RECOMMENDATIONS 0 RAPID CONTAINMENT OF OUTBREAKS 32 RECOMMENDATIONS 5 DEFENDING AGAINST BIOLOGICAL THREATS: AN INTEGRATED RESEARCH STRATEGY 37 REFORMING THE DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 38 RECOMMENDATIONS 41 RATIONALIZING BIODEFENSE SPENDING 42 RECOMMENDATIONS 44 GLOSSARY 47 Biosecurity: A Comprehensive Action Plan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are deeply grateful to the following individuals for their valuable comments and criticisms on earlier drafts of this report: Bob Boorstin, Joseph Cirincione, P. J. Crowley, Richard Ebright, Gerald L. Epstein, Trevor Findlay, Brian Finlay, Elisa D. Harris, David Heyman, Ajey Lele, Dan Matro, Caitriona McLeish, Jonathan Moreno, Peter Ogden, Alan Pearson, Michael Schiffer, Laura Segal, and Bradley Smith. 4 Center for American Progress Executive Summary iological weapons and infectious diseases share several fundamental characteristics that the United States can leverage to counter both Bof these threats more effectively. Both a bioweapons attack and a natural pandemic, such as avian flu, can be detected in similar ways, and the effectiveness of any response to an outbreak of infectious disease, whether natural or caused deliberately by terrorists, hinges on the strength of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Illness Initiatives Pgs. 4-7 Health Career Pipelines Notre
    NewVolume 1, 2015 StandardAn employee publication of the North Shore-LIJ Health System Advanced Illness Initiatives pgs. 4-7 Health Career Pipelines pgs. 8, 12, 52, 53 Notre Dame Research Partnership pg. 36 what’s INSIDE Volume 1, 2015 Preserving Dignity Editor in Chief 4-7and Independence Terry Lynam A system-wide advanced illness initiative is identifying new ways to Director of Editorial Services care for metropolitan New York’s growing numbers of aging and Maria Conforti chronically ill patients and their families. Contributors James Cuniglio Tony Davenport Cold Spring Harbor Lab Partnership Susan Kreimer 11Patients will benefit from a unique integration of cancer Jenn Krusch research and cancer care. Sally Ann Lake Brian Mulligan Emily Ng Margarita Oksenkrug Betty Olt Preparing for Outbreaks Barbara Osborn 16As North Shore-LIJ devoted resources to a new biological Michelle Pinto containment unit, health system staff members volunteered for Michelle Pipia-Stiles training on Ebola treatment. Christian Preston Julie Robinson-Tingue Spencer Rumsey Arleen Ryback Hybrid Heart Innovation Robin Sanderson, 42Two specialists at Staten Island University Hospital devised The Sanderson Group a new solution for a patient with intractable atrial fibrillation (afib). Adrienne Stoller Mark Vincent Kathleen Waton Alexandra Zendrian Photography The Health Force Course North Shore-LIJ Studios, 53Dozens of students embarked on a 16-week program to get except as noted ready for big changes in medical coding this fall. Graphic Design Gina Reduzzi/Reduzzi Design Comments/Suggestions? Contact: Public Relations Department On the Cover 125 Community Drive A student in the health science library at the Hofstra North Shore-LIJ Great Neck, NY 11021 School of Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioweapons Monitor 2011 the Bioweapons Prevention Project
    BWPP BioWeapons Monitor 2011 The BioWeapons Prevention Project The BioWeapons Prevention Project (BWPP) is a global network of civil society actors dedicated to the permanent elimination of biological weapons and of the possibility of their re-emergence. It was launched in 2003 by a group of non-governmental organizations concerned at the failure of governments to fortify the norm against the weaponization of disease. BWPP monitors govern- mental and other activities relevant to the treaties that codify that norm. www.bwpp.org BioWeapons Monitor 2011 BWPP Copyright and credits © BioWeapons Prevention Project, 2011 Editor First published in November 2011 Iris Hunger ([email protected]) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may Copy-editor, design and layout be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or Rick Jones ([email protected]) transmitted, in any form or by any means, without Printer the prior permission in writing of the BioWeapons Druckpunkt Druckerei & Repro GmbH, Berlin 2 Prevention Project, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate repro- Images graphics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning Shutterstock Images and iStockphoto reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to Iris Hunger at [email protected]. ISBN: 978-3-00-036561-4 BioWeapons Prevention Project Contents About the BioWeapons Monitor ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
    PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002 PUBLIC HEALTH SECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ACT OF 2002 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 08:43 Jul 03, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6579 Sfmt 6579 PUBL188.107 APPS28 PsN: APPS28 116 STAT. 594 PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002 Public Law 107–188 107th Congress An Act June 12, 2002 To improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respond [H.R. 3448] to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of Public Health the United States of America in Congress assembled, Security and Bioterrorism SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preparedness and Response Act (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Public Health of 2002. Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002’’. 42 USC 201 note. (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of the Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. TITLE I—NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS FOR BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES Subtitle A—National Preparedness and Response Planning, Coordinating, and Reporting Sec. 101. National preparedness and response. Sec. 102. Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness; National Disaster Medical System. Sec. 103. Improving ability of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sec. 104. Advisory committees and communications; study regarding communica- tions abilities of public health agencies. Sec. 105. Education of health care personnel; training regarding pediatric issues. Sec. 106. Grants regarding shortages of certain health professionals. Sec. 107. Emergency system for advance registration of health professions volun- teers.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) Publication Year: 2003 BTWC Briefing Papers: 2Nd Series: No
    Maximizing the Security and Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins Item Type Briefing Paper Authors Pearson, Graham S. Citation Pearson, G.S. (2003). Maximizing the Security and Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins. Bradford, Bradford Disarmament Research Centre, Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford. BTWC Briefing Papers: 2nd Series, No. 6. Rights © 2003 University of Bradford. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/uk). Download date 02/10/2021 22:06:26 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/787 The University of Bradford Institutional Repository This work is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our Policy Document available from the repository home page for further information. Author(s): Pearson, G.S. Title: Maximizing the Security and Improving Oversight of Pathogenic Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins Project: Bradford Project on Strengthening the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) Publication year: 2003 BTWC Briefing Papers: 2nd Series: No. 5 Series Editor(s): Pearson, G.S. and Dando, M.R. Publisher: University of Bradford (http://www.brad.ac.uk) Publisher’s repository: http://bradscholars.ac.uk:8080/dspace Copyright statement: © 2003 University of Bradford. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/2.0/uk/). Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention Briefing Paper No 5 (Second Series) Maximizing the Security and Improving Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins July 2003 Series Editors Graham S Pearson and Malcolm R Dando Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford 1 Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention Briefing Paper No 5 (Second Series) Maximizing the Security and Improving Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins Graham S.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Federal Oversight of Containment Laboratories
    Overview of Federal Regulations, Guidelines The comments and slides presented here solely represent my and Policies Governing Biosafety and views and do not represent the positions of Biocontainment in High Containment the U.S. Government or of AAAS… Laboratories All content and discussion is solely and exclusively taken from publically available material. Marci Wright, PhD Presentation to the Biocontainment Work Group Department of Health and Mental Hygiene State of Maryland 15 November 2012 Outline The history of the issue with the Federal government Government Accountability Office How many Trans-Federal Task Force on Optimizing Biosafety and BSL‐3 and BSL‐4 Biocontainment Oversight (2009)* labs are in the US? What the Trans-Federal Task Force determined Framework for existing Federal oversight Do they have sufficient Role of state and local oversight Recommendation1.2: Develop a Federal Registry Federal biosafety oversight? Existing Federal oversight Statutes, Regulations, Guidelines and Policies Sen. Joseph Lieberman (D‐CT) Are they secure? Industry Best Practices and an International Model Sen. Barbara Collins (R‐ME) Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Government Accountability Office Trans-Federal Task Force on Optimizing Biosafety and Biocontainment Oversight 2007 GAO report: 2007: Chaired by HHS and USDA “no single Federal agency has the mission and, therefore, is accountable for Charge: evaluate existing Federal tracking the number of all BSL-3 and BSL-4 labs within the United States….” oversight of high (HCL) and “no Federal agency is responsible for determining the risk associated with maximum (MCL) containment expanding the number of high and maximum containment laboratories.” laboratories, and make recommendations for enhancing Federal oversight without hindering 2008 Commission on Weapons of Mass Destruction report: research.
    [Show full text]