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India-Iraq Relations
India-Iraq Relations India and Iraq have throughout enjoyed enduring political, economic and cultural ties. Basra was for the Arab world not only the market par excellence of the Indian merchandise including textiles, spices, food-grains and other commodities but also of the famous pearl trade that flourished mainly through the Indian traders and jewelers. Indian soldiers and railway workers from British India had played major role in ensuring the security in this region during the colonial era and have left an imprint in the region that many Iraqis still proudly claim their Indian ethnic descent. India and Iraq have even shared agricultural practices. The breed of the southern Iraqi jamus or the water buffalo had been brought by Harun Al-Rashid from India. The Iraqi philosophers and sufi saints like Hasan al Basri, Junaid Al Baghdadi and Sheikh Behlul had such an impact on the spiritual movements in India that Guru Dev Nanak Saheb came personally to Baghdad to deliberate on the ontological and the epistemological questions with Sheikh Behlul who hosted him for nearly three months. Iraqi spiritual leader Sheikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jeelani has enormous following in India where he is referred to either as Dastagir Saheb or Ghous-al- Azam. On the other hand, Indians were among the foremost to patronize the shrines and sarai khanas of the heritage of Islam’s primeval martyrdom at Karbala. Thousands of Indians visit the shrines of Imam Hussein and Imam Abbas in Karbala every year and also the shrine of Abdul Qadir Jeelani. The respect for each other’s strength has been mutual between India and Iraq. -
Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Federal Budget Deficit
Address before a joint session of the Congress on the Persian Gulf crisis and the federal budget deficit. Powers and Principalities This WordPress.com site is The tAhme ecraitc’as npsa jwamitha Ds isabilities Act Conspiracy Blog Stats 11,545 hits The American with Disabilities Act Conspiracy The American with Disabilities Act was not the social security disability retirement act, and the timing of the enactment of the legislation by President George HW Bush on July 26, 1990 was an “inclusion” fraud and conspiracy with me specifically in mind, my postal hiring (orientation) had been scheduled approximately at least two months prior to my starting date of July 30, 1990. George HW Bush was Congressman from Texas, Ambassador to China, Central Intelligence director, and Vice president of the United States for eight years and President for four years. The invasion into Kuwait on August 2, 1990 was an intentional scheme act. Jury duty beginning January 14, 1991 was an extension of the scheme, with Saddam Hussein’s deadline to withdraw troops from Kuwait being on January 16, 1991 and the declaration of Desert Storm, a name chosen from the bible…..Daniel chapter 11. The 9/11/90 New World Order speech was the first speech I watched the president make as a new Federal employee. A five point speech. The directions and recommendation to fill out an EEO after the Waco, Texas siege that ended April 19, 1993, had begun was a continuation with the War crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The timing of proposed resolutions and nominations and resolution passage and confirmations, with the presumed foresight of those involved of the conclusions of the motions. -
Why Repealing the 1991 and 2002 Iraq War Authorizations Is Sound Policy Charles D
LEGAL MEMORANDUM No. 256 | JANUARY 6, 2020 EDWIN MEESE III CENTER FOR LEGAL & JUDICIAL STUDIES Why Repealing the 1991 and 2002 Iraq War Authorizations Is Sound Policy Charles D. Stimson he Constitution’s allocation of war powers KEY TAKEAWAYS between the legislative and executive branches is a classic example of the sepa- T 1 The 1991 and 2002 AUMF Against Iraq ration of powers. The Congress has the power to Resolutions remain in force even though declare war but cannot fight the war on its own. The their purpose has been accomplished. President, as commander in chief of the Army and Navy, has (and has uniformly claimed) the authority to use military forces abroad in the absence of specific Repeal would not affect the 2001 AUMF, prior congressional approval.2 This authority derives the primary domestic statutory authority from his constitutional responsibility as commander for the war against al-Qaeda, the Taliban, in chief and chief executive for foreign and military ISIS, or associated forces. affairs. Without money from Congress, however, the President has no ability to fight those conflicts, nor Debating and repealing those war does he have the authority to appropriate funds to pay authorizations is a matter of congres- for those military conflicts on his own. sional hygiene and gets the Congress This tension between the legislative and executive back in the business of exercising its Article I muscles. branches was purposeful, as the Founders anticipated the grave significance of the country’s going to war. This paper, in its entirety, can be found at http://report.heritage.org/lm256 The Heritage Foundation | 214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE | Washington, DC 20002 | (202) 546-4400 | heritage.org Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress. -
A Year Before 9-11
Spring 2015 A Year Before 9/11 The fifteen Years of BlazeVOX By Geoffrey Gatza Table of Contents 2000 ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 2001 ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 2002 ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 2003 ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 2004 ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 2005 .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 2006 ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 2007 .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 2008 ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 -
Approval Page
1 ROWLANDS, MINA SIMON PG/M.Sc/10/57312 UNITED NATIONS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IN IRAQ, 1990-2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA Political Science UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 2011 Digitally Signed by Webmaster‟s Name DN : CN = Webmaster‟s name O= University of Nigeria, Nsukka Webmaster OU = Innovation Centre 2 UNITED NATIONS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IN IRAQ, 1990-2003 BY ROWLANDS, MINA SIMON PG/M.Sc/10/57312 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA NOVEMBER, 2011 3 TITLE PAGE UNITED NATIONS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IN IRAQ, 1990-2003 BY ROWLANDS, MINA SIMON PG/M.Sc/10/57312 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) IN POLITICAL SCIENCE (INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS). NOVEMBER, 2011 4 APPROVAL PAGE THIS PROJECT REPORT HAS BEEN APPROVED ON BEHALF OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA. BY ………………………………….. …………………………………. DR. A.M.N. OKOLIE PROF. OBASI IGWE (PROJECT SUPERVISOR) (HEAD OF DEPARTMENT) ……………………………….. .……………………………… PROF. E.O. EZEANI EXTERNAL EXAMINER (DEAN OF FACULTY) 5 DEDICATION This Work Is Dedicated to the Memory of My Late-Mother, Mrs. Abowari Innocent Rowlands, who laid the foundation for my academic pursuits; but unfortunately could not live to see me get to this level. 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In carrying out this research, a lot of individuals contributed immensely, and as such they deserve to be acknowledged. -
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION IRAQ at a CROSSROADS with BARHAM SALIH DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER of IRAQ Washington, D.C. Monday, October
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION IRAQ AT A CROSSROADS WITH BARHAM SALIH DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER OF IRAQ Washington, D.C. Monday, October 22, 2007 Introduction and Moderator: MARTIN INDYK Senior Fellow and Director, Saban Center for Middle East Policy The Brookings Institution Featured Speaker: BARHAM SALIH Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq * * * * * 2 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. INDYK: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution. I'm Martin Indyk, the Director of the Saban Center, and it's my pleasure to introduce this dear friend, Dr. Barham Salih, to you again. I say again because, of course, Barham Salih is a well-known personality in Washington, having served here with distinction representing the patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the 1990s, and, of course, he's been a frequent visitor since he assumed his current position as Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq. He has a very distinguished record as a representative of the PUK, and the Kurdistan regional government. He has served as Deputy Prime Minister, first in the Iraqi interim government starting in 2004, and was then successfully elected to the transitional National Assembly during the January 2005 elections and joined the transitional government as Minister of Planning. He was elected again in the elections of December 2005 to the Council of Representatives, which is the Iraqi Permanent Parliament, and was then called upon to join the Iraqi government in May 2006 as Deputy Prime Minister. Throughout this period he has had special responsibility for economic affairs. -
The Iraqi Constitution: Analysis of the Controversial Articles - Solutions and Treatments Zaid Al-Ali1 and Yussef Auf2
The Iraqi Constitution: Analysis of the Controversial Articles - Solutions and Treatments Zaid Al-Ali1 and Yussef Auf2 1. Visiting Lecturer and Law and Public Affairs Fellow (2015-2016) at Princeton University; Senior Adviser on Constitution Building, Interna- tional IDEA; Executive Committee Member, Arab Association of Constitutional Law; Executive Committee Member, International Association of Constitutional Law. 2. Sitting judge in Egypt since 2007, on leave since May 2015; nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East; legal/constitutional expert working with international organizations, including a one year consultancy ending in 2016 at the United Na- tions Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI); Rapporteur and Executive Committee Member, Arab Association of Constitutional Law. Al-Ali, Zaid Auf, Yussef The Iraqi Constitution: Analysis of the Controversial Articles -Solutions and Recommendations / Zaid Al-Ali, Yussef Auf Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Amman, 1st edition 2020, 120 pages رقم اﻹيداع في دار الكتب والوثائق ببغداد 3108 لسنة 2020 Printed in Iraq Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman11194 Jordan Email: [email protected] Visit our website: www.fes-jordan.org Al-Bayan Center for Planning and Studies Email: [email protected] 2268 Al-Jedaryyeh- Baghdad www.bayancenter.org Not for Sale © FES Jordan & Iraq all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions ex- pressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung or the editor. -
The Iraq Crisis
CSIS__________________________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 Phone: (202) 775-3270 Fax: (202) 466-4740 Internet: CSIS.ORG The Iraq Crisis: A Chronology of the “War of Sanctions” Anthony H. Cordesman Co-Director CSIS Middle East Studies Program December 2, 1998 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. Iraq Crisis: Background Chronology 12/4/98 Page 2 88-3-16: Iraq bombards Halabja with mustard gas and nerve gas in an attempt to disband an Iranian force and Kurdish rebels that had captured this city twenty four hours earlier. More than 5,000 people, mainly civilians, lose their lives after being blinded, burned or asphyxiated by the deadly gas. 91-1-12: Congress authorizes the President to use US Armed Forces to implement some of the UN resolutions in Public Law 102-1 (H.J.Res. 77), passed by Congress on Jan. 12, 1991, and signed into law by President Bush on Jan. 14, 1991. Congress reaffirms its approval of the use of force against Iraq in the Defense Authorization Act for FY1992 (Section 1095, P.L. 102-190, Dec. 5, 1991). 91-2-1: US and allies drive Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Later in the year US, British and French planes start patrolling Iraq's northern skies to shield Iraq's Kurds from attack by Iraq. 91-3-1: Kurdish minority launches insurrection but are also crushed. Thousands flee or die of exposure in the mountains. The US, Britain and France establish a "safe haven" for the Kurds north of the 36th parallel, an area from which Iraqi planes are banned. -
PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES Spring 2013
MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES SPRING 2013 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM SPRING OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES 2013 Iraq Ten Years Later: A Different Country in a Different Region Ten years after what impact the country’s possible disinte- the U.S. inva- gration would have on the region. The U.S. Marina Ottaway, Senior Scholar, sion to overthrow intervention is history. Woodrow Wilson International Saddam Hussein, Iraq is now being shaped by forces over Center for Scholars Iraq remains a which the United States has limited influ- deeply troubled ence and certainly no control: the increasing country, rent by authoritarianism of the Nouri al-Maliki gov- internal dissen- ernment and its sectarian nature, underlined sions and caught in by the close relations with Iran and Bashar the maelstrom of the increasingly sectarian al-Assad’s Syria; the resentment of the Sunni politics of the region. Together, domestic and population, which enjoys neither the benefits external factors call into question, once again, of economic growth nor the advantages of whether the country can survive as a unified autonomy; the growing self-assertiveness of entity. Under the present conditions, the Kurdistan, bolstered by major oil discoveries; debates about the intervention that caused so and the turmoil in the region, which provides much angst in the United States are increas- each Iraqi faction with external allies and ingly irrelevant to understanding Iraq. The support. question now is where Iraq is headed and 1 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES SPRING 2013 About the Middle East Program Director The Middle East Program was launched in February 1998 in light of Dr. -
F the Middle East and North Africa
DIPLOMATIC BLUEBOOK 2006 F The Middle East and North Africa efforts of both the Israeli and the Palestinian sides. Overview In January 2006, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi Ensuring the peace and stability of the Middle Eastern made the first visit in 15 years as an incumbent Japanese region, a major supplier of energy to the world on which prime minister to the geopolitically important country of Japan relies for roughly 90% of its crude oil imports, is an Turkey. The two leaders agreed to strengthen the over important issue directly connected to the peace and pros- 100-year-old Japan-Turkey relationship and expand perity of the international community as a whole. The cooperation on various issues in the international reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan is crucial to community, including peace and stability in the Middle avoiding destabilization of the entire Middle Eastern Eastern region. region. Japan intends to continue to actively support Visits by high-ranking government figures took reconstruction in collaboration with the international place actively in 2005, broadening Japan’s relationships community. Moreover, peace and stability in this region with the Middle East. President of the Palestinian cannot be achieved without progress in the Middle East Authority, Mahmoud Abbas (May), Amir of the State of peace process. Toward development of the peace process, Qatar, Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani (June), it will be necessary to continue to actively assist the peace Prime Minister of Tunisia, Mohamed Ghannouchi (June), President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh (November), King Mohammed VI of Morocco (November), Prime Minister of Iraq, Ibrahim Jaafari (December), and King Abdullah II of Jordan (December) visited Japan, and carried out lively diplo- matic exchanges. -
The 2018 Iraqi Federal Elections a Population in Transition?
Middle East Centre THE 2018 IRAQI FEDERAL ELECTIONS A POPULATION IN TRANSITION? Renad Mansour Christine van den Toorn LSE Middle East Centre Report | July 2018 About the Middle East Centre The Middle East Centre builds on LSE’s long engagement with the Middle East and provides a central hub for the wide range of research on the region carried out at LSE. The Middle East Centre aims to enhance understanding and develop rigorous research on the societies, economies, polities and international relations of the region. The Centre promotes both special- ised knowledge and public understanding of this crucial area, and has outstanding strengths in interdisciplinary research and in regional expertise. As one of the world’s leading social science institutions, LSE comprises departments covering all branches of the social sciences. The Middle East Centre harnesses this expertise to promote innova- tive research and training on the region. About the Institute of Regional and International Studies The Institute of Regional and International Studies (IRIS) is an independent policy research centre based at the American Uni- versity of Iraq, Sulaimani (AUIS). Through multidisciplinary research, strategic part- nerships, a fellowship programme and open dialogue events among experts and influen- tial public leaders, IRIS examines the most complex issues facing the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Iraq and the Middle East across four key areas: peace and security; economic reform and development; governance and democ- racy; and social relations and civil society. Middle East Centre The 2018 Iraqi Federal Elections: A Population in Transition? Renad Mansour and Christine van den Toorn LSE Middle East Centre Report July 2018 About the Authors Renad Mansour is Research Fellow in the Middle East and North Africa Pro- gramme at Chatham House, and at IRIS. -
Iraq in Crisis
MAY 2014 Iraq in Crisis ANTHONY H. CORDESMAN AND SAM KHAZAI AND SAM ANTHONY H. CORDESMAN 1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW| Washington DC 20036 t. (202) 887-0200 | f. (202) 775-3199 | www.csis.org Iraq in ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, MD 20706 t. (800) 462-6420 | f. (301) 429-5749 | www.rowman.com Crisis AUTHORS Cover photo: Photo by Kaveh Seyedahmadian. http://www.flickr.com/photos/samanvari/3388535986/. Anthony H. Cordesman ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD ISBN 978-1-4422-2855-9 Sam Khazai Ë|xHSLEOCy228559z v*:+:!:+:! A Report of the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy Blank Iraq in Crisis Authors Anthony H. Cordesman Sam Khazai A Report of the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy May 2014 ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK About CSIS For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked to develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. Today, CSIS scholars are providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. CSIS is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full-time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded at the height of the Cold War by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS was dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. Since 1962, CSIS has become one of the world’s preeminent international institutions focused on defense and security; regional stability; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global health and economic integration.