Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
Chen et al., 2015 28 patients with chronic Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training (n=9) At 8 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: N/A (quasi- stroke vs. (-) Fugl-Meyer Assessment experimental study design) XaviX®Port upper extremity training (n=11) (-) Box and Block Test Country: Taiwan vs. (-) Functional Independence Measure Conventional upper extremity equipment (n=8) (-) Range of motion (UE - proximal, distal) Treatment details: (+) Motivation and enjoyment interviewer- 30-minutes/session, 3 times/week for 8 weeks. administered questionnaire* Nintendo WiiTM: bowling and boxing games. * Enjoyment was significantly greater in the XaviX®Port: bowling and ladder climbing games. Nintendo WiiTM and XaviX®Port groups vs. Conventional upper extremity equipment: Curamotion conventional rehabilitation group. exerciser and climbing board and bar. All groups also received conventional rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy) for 1 hour/session, 3 times/week for 8 weeks.
Choi et al., 2014 20 patients with Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training (n=10) At 4 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: 8 acute/subacute stroke vs. (-) Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper extremity Country: Korea Occupational therapy (OT) upper extremity training score (n=10) (-) Manual Function Test Treatment details: (-) Box and Block Test 30 minutes/session, 5 times/week for 4 weeks. (-) Grip strength (dynamometer) Nintendo WiiTM: Wii Sports and Resort programs (-) Korean version of the Mini-Mental State consisting of 12 games such as swordplay, table tennis, Examination and canoe games performed with the affected UE. (-) Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Occupational therapy: goal-oriented and repetitive Tests training of the upper extremity (e.g. stretching, range of (-) Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index motion, activities of daily living training, fine motor training, sensory motor recovery). Both groups also received conventional rehabilitation (not occupational therapy), intensity not specified.
PAGE 1 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
da Silva Ribeiro et al., 2015 30 patients with chronic Nintendo WiiTM (n=15) At 2 months (post-treatment): PEDro score: 7 stroke vs. (-) Short-Form 36 (SF-36) – Total Country: Brazil Conventional physical therapy (n=15) (-) SF-36 – Physical functioning* Treatment details: (-) SF-36 – Physical aspects 60-minutes/session, 2 times/week for 2 months. (-) SF-36 – Pain Nintendo WiiTM: tennis, hula-hoop, soccer and boxing (-) SF-36 – General health status games were applied with increasing level of difficulty. (-) SF-36 – Vitality Conventional physical therapy: upper and lower limb (-) SF-36 – Social aspects stretching, muscle strengthening exercises, trunk (-) SF-36 – Emotional aspects mobilisation, balance, mobility and transfers training. (-) SF-36 – Mental health (-) Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) – Total (-) FMA – Passive motion and pain (-) FMA – Sensitivity (-) FMA – UE motor function (-) FMA – UE coordination (-) FMA – Lower extremity (LE) motor function (-) FMA – LE coordination (-) FMA – Balance * Results in favor of conventional physical therapy vs. Nintendo WiiTM.
Givon et al., 2016 47 patients with chronic Upper extremity video game training (n=23) At 3 months (post-treatment): PEDro score: 7 stroke vs. (-) 10 Meter Walk Test Country: Israel Conventional exercises (n=24) (-) Grip strength (Jamar Dynamometer) Treatment details: affected/unaffected hand 1-hour session, 2 times/week for 3 months. (-) Number of steps walked per day (hip Video game upper extremity training: provided in group of accelerometer, Acticial Minimitter Co.) 6-8 participants; all games were played in pairs while (-) Action Research Arm Test standing; 3/5 of the following video game consoles were At 6 months (follow-up): used alternatively each session: Microsoft Xbox Kinect, (-) 10 Meter Walk Test
PAGE 2 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
Sony PlayStation 2 Eyetoy, Sony PlayStation 3 MOVE, (-) Grip strength (Jamar Dynamometer) Nintendo Wii Fit and SeeMe VR system. affected/unaffected hand Conventional exercises: provided in groups; consisted of (-) Number of steps walked per day (hip exercises and functional activities adopted from the accelerometer, Acticial Minimitter Co.) Fitness and Mobility Exercise Program, the Graded (-) Action Research Arm Test Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program, and task- oriented training for upper and lower extremities.
Kong et al., 2016 105 patients with acute Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training (n=35) At 3 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score : 5 stroke vs. (-) Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA – UE) Country: Singapore Occupational therapy upper extremity training (n= 35) (-) Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) vs. (-) Stroke Impact Scale (SIS – UE) No additional upper extremity training (n=35) (-) Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Treatment details: (-) Upper extremity pain - Visual Analogue Scale 60-minutes/session, 4 times/week for 3 weeks. (VAS) Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training: Wii Sports and At 1 month (follow-up): Wii Sports Resort software games such as boxing, (-) FMA – UE bowling, tennis, golf, baseball, table tennis, basketball, (-) ARAT cycling, Frisbee disk, sword play and airplane flight control (-) SIS – UE using the affected UE. (-) FIM Occupational therapy upper extremity training: stretching, (-) Upper extremity pain (VAS) strengthening, range of motion, and task-oriented At 3 months (follow-up): therapy. (-) FMA – UE All groups received conventional rehabilitation (physical (-) ARAT and occupational therapy) for 1-hour sessions, 5 (-) SIS – UE times/week for 3 weeks. (-) FIM (-) Upper extremity pain (VAS)
PAGE 3 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
McNulty et al., 2015 41 patients with Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training (n=21) At 10 days (post-treatment): PEDro score: 8 subacute/chronic stroke vs. (-) Wolf-Motor Function Test (WMFT) – timed Country: Australia Modified-constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT, tasks n=20) (-) WMFT – maximal strength Treatment details: (-) WMFT – submaximal strength 60 minutes/session over 10 consecutive weekdays. (-) Motor Activity Log - Quality of Movement Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training: Wii Sports (MAL-QOM) games of golf, boxing, baseball, bowling, and tennis (-) Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity performed with the affected hand. Training sessions were subscore (FMA-UE) augmented by progressively increasing home practice. (-) Box and Block Test (BBT) mCIMT: wearing a mitt on the less-affected hand for up to (-) Grooved Pegboard test 90% of waking hours; shaping training and use of the (-) Range of Motion (ROM) – shoulder affected hand for 15-20 minutes. (flexion/extension/abduction) (-) ROM - elbow (flexion) (-) ROM – wrist (flexion/extension) (-) ROM – digit I and II (flexion) (-) Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) (-) Self-perceived improvement (standardized questionnaire) (-) Satisfaction (10-point Visual Analogue Scale) At 6 months (follow-up): (-) WMFT – timed tasks (-) WMFT – maximal strength (-) WMFT – submaximal strength (-) MAL-QOM (-) FMA-UE (-) BBT (-) Grooved Pegboard (-) ROM – shoulder (flexion/extension/abduction)
PAGE 4 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
(-) ROM – elbow (flexion) (-) ROM – wrist (flexion/extension) (-) ROM – digit I and II (flexion) (-) MAS (-) Continued therapy activities (n) (+) Increased physical activity (n) (-) Decreased physical activity (n) (-) Falls (n) (-) Decreased medication (n) (+) Cross-over uptake (n)* * In favor of mCIMT vs. Nintendo Wii upper extremity training (where more patients from the mCIMT group accepted a post-trial cross- over to the alternate therapy). Note: n = number of participants.
Rand et al., 2014 29 patients with chronic Upper extremity training using video games (n=15) At 3 months (post-treatment): PEDro score: 4 stroke vs. (-) Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity Country: Israel Conventional rehabilitation (n=14) score Treatment details: (-) Non-purposeful movements – active* 1-hour/session, 2 times/week for 3 months. (-) Non-purposeful movements – passive* Upper extremity training using video games: XBOX Kinect, (+) Purposeful movements – active Sony PlayStation 2 EyeToy, Sony PlayStation 3 MOVE, (-) Purposeful movements – passive SeeMe VR system; performed individually and in groups (+) Movement acceleration – affected upper whereby participants switched between partners and extremity (accelerometer) consoles every 25 minutes. (+) Intensity – affected upper extremity Conventional rehabilitation: UE movements, functional (accelerometer) tasks using therapeutic aids, performed in groups and (-) Movement acceleration – unaffected upper supervised by an occupational therapist. extremity (accelerometer)
PAGE 5 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
(-) Intensity – unaffected upper extremity (accelerometer) * Significantly greater in conventional rehabilitation vs. video game training.
Saposnik et al., 2010 22 patients with Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training (n=11) At 2 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: 5 acute/subacute stroke vs. (-) Wolf-Motor Function Test (WMFT) – Country: Canada Recreational therapy (n=11) abbreviated version Treatment details: (-) Box and Block Test (BBT) 8 sessions, 60 minutes/session, over a 2-week period. (-) Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) – hand function Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training: Wii Sports (-) SIS – composite score (strength, hand (bowling, tennis) and Cooking Mamma packages. function, mobility, activities of daily Recreational therapy: leisure activities such as playing living/instrumental activities of daily living) cards, bingo, Jenga games. (-) SIS – perception of recovery Both groups received conventional rehabilitation. (-) Grip strength (dynamometer) At 1 month (follow-up): (+) WMFT – abbreviated version (-) BBT (-) SIS – hand function (-) SIS – composite score (strength, hand function, mobility, activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living) (-) SIS – perception of recovery (-) Grip Strength (dynamometer)
Saposnik et al., 2016 141 patients with Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training (n=71) At 2 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: 7 acute/subacute stroke vs. (-) Wolf-Motor Function Test (WMFT) – Country: Canada Recreational therapy (n=70) abbreviated version Treatment details: (-) Box and Block Test (BBT)* 60-minutes/session, 5 times/week for 2 weeks. (-) Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
PAGE 6 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training: Wii Sports and (-) Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Game Party 3 activities. (-) Barthel Index Recreational therapy: playing cards, bingo, Jenga or ball (-) Modified Rankin Scale game. (-) Grip strength (dynamometer) At 4 weeks (follow-up): (-) WMFT – abbreviated version (-) Box and Block Test (-) Stroke Impact Scale (-) Functional Independence Measure (-) Barthel Index (-) Modified Rankin Scale (-) Grip strength (dynamometer) * Results in favor of recreational therapy vs. video game training.
Simsek & Cekok, 2016 44 patients with Nintendo WiiTM balance and upper extremity training At 10 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: 7 acute/subacute stroke (n=22) (-) Functional Independence Measure Country: Turkey vs. (-) Nottingham Health Profile Bobath neurodevelopmental treatment (n=22) Treatment details: 45-60-minutes/session, 3 days/week for 10 weeks. Nintendo WiiTM upper extremity training: Wii Sports and Wii Fit packages; games included tennis, punchout, tightrope tension, tilt table and heading. Bobath neurodevelopmental treatment: upper extremity activities, trunk/sitting/ standing/walking exercises, balance training, lower extremities training.
PAGE 7 OF 8 Results Table Video Game Training – upper extremity Last updated: 21-10-2017
Author, Year Outcome and significance: Sample size Intervention PEDro Score, Country (+) significant (-) not significant
Sin & Lee, 2013 40 patients with chronic Xbox Kinect upper extremity training + conventional At 6 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: 6 stroke occupational therapy (n=20) (+) Range of Motion (ROM) – shoulder flexion Country: Korea vs. (+) ROM – shoulder extension Conventional occupational therapy alone (n=20) (+) ROM – shoulder abduction Treatment details: (+) ROM – elbow flexion 30-minutes/session, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. (-) ROM – wrist flexion/extension Xbox Kinect: bowling, boxing, rally ball, 20 000 leaks, and (+) Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity space pop, performed with the affected UE. score Conventional occupational therapy: passive and active (+) Box and Block Test range of motion exercises, muscle strengthening, therapeutic stretching of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers, and ADLs training. Provided for 30- minutes/session, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
Yavuzer et al., 2008 20 patients with Playstation EyeToy upper extremity training (n=10) At 4 weeks (post-treatment): PEDro score: 7 subacute/chronic stroke vs. (+) Brunnstrom Stages – hand* Country: Turkey Sham video game training (n=10) (+) Brunnstrom Stages – upper extremity* Treatment details: (+) Functional Independence Measure (FIM) – 30-minutes/session, 5 times/week for 4 weeks. self-care items* Playstation EyeToy: Kung Foo, Goal Attack, MrChef, Dig, At 3 months (follow-up): Home Run. (-) Brunnstrom Stages – hand Sham video game training involved watching the games, (-) Brunnstrom Stages – upper extremity but not participating physically. (+) FIM– self-care items* Both groups received conventional rehabilitation that * Reflect change scores from baseline to post- comprised physical, occupational and speech therapy for treatment; and from post-treatment to follow- 2-5-hours/session, 5 times/week for 4 weeks. up.
PAGE 8 OF 8