GLYPHS The Monthly Newsletter of the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society An Affiliate of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona Founded in 1916
Vol. 63, No. 1 Tucson, Arizona July 2012
HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS ISSUE President’s Message ...... 2 The Neglected Stage of Puebloan Culture History, Arthur Rohn ...... 4 The Cornerstone ...... 7
Plan of the excavated Ewing site in southwestern Colorado.
Next General Meeting: July 16, 2012 7:30 p.m., Duval Auditorium, University Medical Center www.az-arch-and-hist.org Page 2 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of ...... The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 3
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE hill bull rider. Crowds of colorful lo- ebrate. Promoted as the oldest saloon cals were employed by director Sam in Arizona, other notable customers Peckinpah, and several scenes take included Wyatt Earp, Virgil Earp, t is with great enthusiasm materials of interest to our member- place in the famed Palace Bar. One and Doc Holliday. Also, Big Nose that I accept my new role ship. Kiva is now older than most of I highlight of the Palace is its 1880s Kate is buried in Prescott, where she as the president of our soci- our members, but the journal has not Brunswick Bar, which patrons res- died in 1940, under the name Mary ety. I am especially fortunate slowed down in advancing timely cued from the July 14, 1900, Whiskey K. Cummings. to serve in this capacity fol- and significant research from the Row fire as they continued to cel- —Jesse Ballenger, President lowing the tenures of three innova- Southwest. I won’t ruin the mystery tive and solid leaders, Peter Boyle, of what our intermediate objectives Don Burgess, and Scott O’Mack, as are (they are available on the well as a number of dedicated board society’s webpage), but in my world and committee members whose tal- view they support Objective A. AAHS LECTURE SERIES ent and devotion steered the society This issue of Glyphs is just one of All meetings are held at the University Medical Center, Duval Auditorium through some rocky passes and into the many ways the society fulfills its Third Monday of the month, 7:30–9:00 p.m. the digital age in recent years. mission. Tomorrow night, I will have I won’t attempt to impress upon the great fortune of dining with our July 16, 2012: Art Rohn, The Neglected Stage of Puebloan Culture History you the labor, complexity, and re- June guest lecturer, Allen Denoyer, Aug. 20, 2012: No lecture, Pecos Conference wards of creating the on-line pres- whose knowledge of traditional tech- Sept. 17, 2012: Patricia A. Gilman, What is the Meaning of Mimbres Art? ence and web-based membership nologies is beyond impressive. The functions and benefits we now en- following week, I will participate in Oct. 15, 2012: Paul Reed, Chacoan Immigration and Influence in the Middle joy, but rest assured that it is a great a flintkapping workshop, also spon- San Juan accomplishment. These and other sored by the society, where I am ea- Nov. 19, 2012: Joshua D. Reuther and Ben Potter, Upward Sun River Site: “housekeeping” projects have sig- ger to experiment in breaking some Climate Change, Geoarchaeology, and Human Land Use in Ice nificantly increased the reach and “Apache tears.” I hope that each of Age Alaska effectiveness of the society, and their you will take such pleasure in an Dec. 17, 2012: Jesse Ballenger, Effluent Hunters: Conservation and Research at completion gives us the freedom to AAHS activity this year, or otherwise the Murray Springs Clovis Site focus on our mission. help us live up to our mission. “Why? What is our mission?” you Finally, I write this message on may be asking. The by-laws specify the heels of the 2012 Arizona His- that the society has six objectives, but toric Preservation Conference in CHACO ROCK ART TOUR my favorite is Objective A: “To encour- Prescott, where architect Bill Otwell he Friends of Chaco Rock Art tour is scheduled for October 25–28, age scholarly pursuits in areas of his- received the highest award offered 2012. Activities begin Thursday evening with dinner and an orienta- tory and anthropology of the south- by the Governor’s Archaeology Ad- T tion. The following day, the Park archaeologist will lead an introductory western United States and northern visory Commission in the splendor tour of architectural structures. Participants will also visit the related rock Mexico.” Today, we might include of the rehabilitated Elks Opera art sites. The following two days will be devoted to visiting rock art sites the discipline of archaeology, but the House. Several important historic that are closed to the public. intent is clear in its historical context. preservation topics were discussed I would be remiss to not specify at the meeting, but my interest gravi- The cost, $850 per person, is partially tax deductible, as the profits are the last two objectives also, that is, tated toward the July 2nd 40th anni- being used to help preserve the resources. The tour is limited to 10 people. supporting the Arizona State Mu- versary of Junior Bonner, a 1972 ro- For detailed information, contact either Jane Kolber ([email protected] seum and the University of Arizona, deo comedy filmed in Prescott, star- or 520.432.3402) or Donna Yoder ([email protected] or 520.882.4281). and providing opportunities and ring Steve McQueen as an over-the- Page 4 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of ...... The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 5
FIELD TRIP PREVIEW AAHS HAPPENINGS TOPIC OF THE JULY 16 GENERAL MEETING Plans are well underway for next season’s field trips. The AAHS Field Trip Committee (Suzanne Crawford, Chris Lange, David McLean, Lynn Ratener, and Katherine Cerino) have outlined a full season. The season will start The Neglected Stage of Puebloan Culture History with Basketry Treasured in September (see separate notice). Trips that are presently confirmed include petroglyphs in the Gila Bend area with Ella by Arthur Rohn and Roy Pierpoint (November), a tour of the historic Prison Camp on Mt. Lemmon with Roger Mersiowsky (December), the Honey Bee Village site popular assumption among blocks arranged in two groupings. with Henry Wallace (April), and a trip to Kinishba and Fort Apache with many in the field of Southwest- Tree-ring dates, in conjunction with A John Welch (May). Please check the website frequently for updates and sign- ern archaeology describes a natural in- the fitting together of pieces of pottery up opportunities. Remember, AAHS field trips are generally limited to 20 crease in community size from and broken stone tools from across the people, and you must be a member to participate. Basketmaker III in the Pecos Classifi- separate units, attest to their contem- cation through Pueblo III, which had poraneity. been disrupted by a stage of widely dis- A thorough search of the archaeo- persed small hamlets and farmsteads logical literature found other examples during Pueblo II. On the face of it, such of even larger Pueblo II settlements, al- UPCOMING AAHS FIELD TRIPS a scenario would appear to be quite though many of them lay beneath later AAHS membership is required to participate in field trips. Prospective unlikely, yet it persists. Such dispersal and larger Pueblo III buildings. members may attend one AAHS field trip prior to joining. appears to be totally out of line with Two clear cases emerged. On the Basketry Treasured Tour with the record of steady community northern end of Chapin Mesa on Mesa ASM Curators growth, and the very small units would Verde, the remains of some 36 sepa- September 21, 2012 house too few people to permit viable rate Pueblo II structures could be dis- AAHS members will be given a special tour reproduction of the population. cerned underlying later Pueblo III of the Basketry Treasured exhibit by Arizona To test of this concept, I completely buildings in the Far View Locality. In State Museum curators Diane Dittemore excavated the small Pueblo II settle- Chaco Canyon, archaeologists have and Mike Jacobs. We will be at 10:00 a.m. ment at the Ewing site near Yellow completely excavated four of a total of in the lobby of the museum. If you’re inter- Jacket in southwestern Colorado. The 14 surveyed sites, several with more ested, please contact David McLean at results revealed a settlement contain- than a single unit of residence, in [email protected]. The tour will be Assorted Historic American Indian ing six kivas with associated room Marcia’s Rincon. limited to 20 people. baskets, 1890s–1950s, from ASM’s permanent collections.
Speaker Arthur Rohn’s career spans some 50 years of archaeological field work in the Greater GLYPHS: Information and articles to be included in Glyphs must be re- Southwest and as far afield as Papua New Guinea. He received his Ph.D. in anthropology from ceived by the 10th of each month for inclusion in the next month’s issue. Harvard University in 1966, and his academic career includes 30 years at Wichita State Univer- Contact me, Emilee Mead, at [email protected] or 520.881.2244 (phone), sity. Dr. Rohn worked on the Wetherill Mesa Archaeology Project in Mesa Verde from 1959 to 520.909.3662 (cell), 520.881.0325 (FAX). 1964. He has also performed ethnographic study among Northern American Pueblo, Navajo, and Delaware Indians, as well as the minority nationalities of China. He is the author of 10 books, including Puebloan Ruins of the Southwest, with William M. Ferguson, as well as many Follow AAHS on Facebook at: www.facebook.com/pages/Tucson-AZ/ journal articles. Dr. Rohn is now an independent consulting anthropologist and archaeologist Arizona-Archaeological-and-Historical-Society who lives in Tucson. Page 6 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of ...... The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 7
THE CORNERSTONE 2012 PECOS CONFERENCE REGISTRATION IS OPEN! he 2012 Pecos Conference of Southwestern Archaeology will be held Ceramics Tell the Story of an Ancient Tat Pecos National Historical Park, Pecos, New Mexico, August 9–12. Southwest Migration Join us for the 85th anniversary! Early registration is now open. Registra- tion forms, a preliminary schedule, conference location, accommodations, By Jeff Harrison, University Communications, June 1, 2012 and other information about the conference are available online at www.swanet.org/2012_pecos_conference/index.html. nother look at a nearly 80-year-old pottery collection at the Arizona State Each August, archaeologists gather under open skies. They set up a large A Museum is yielding new information about migrants who abandoned tent for shade, and spend three or more days together discussing recent the Four Corners region. research and the problems of the field and challenges of the profession. In Approximately eight centuries recent years, Native Americans, avocational archaeologists, the general ago, people living along the Colo- public, and media organizations have come to speak with the archaeolo- rado Plateau in what is now the gists. These individuals and groups play an increasingly important role, Four Corners area faced a crisis. as participants and as audience, helping professional archaeologists cel- Environmental changes that dev- ebrate archaeological research and to mark cultural continuity. astated their agricultural practices First inspired and organized by A. V. Kidder in 1927, the Pecos Conference and likely aggravated social unrest has no formal organization or permanent leadership. Somehow, profes- forced significant numbers of these sional archaeologists find ways to organize themselves to meet at a new people to move away. conference location each summer, mostly because they understand the prob- Many of them headed south into lems of working in isolation in the field and the importance of direct face central and southern Arizona and time with colleagues. The conference is open to all who are interested. western New Mexico, into lands al- ready inhabited by well-estab- The 2012 Pecos Conference is sponsored by Pecos National Historical lished groups. Park, Friends of Pecos NHP, Museum of Indian Arts and Culture, School What is remarkable about this for Advanced Research, New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office, diaspora is that while there is no Byron Cummings (director of Arizona State Mu- and the Western National Parks Association. seum, 1915–1938) examining pottery at Kinishba written record of what happened, Pueblo Ruins in 1939. (Photo by Tad Nichols, much of what archaeologists know courtesy Arizona State Museum.) is told in the ceramic bowls, plates and figurines that were created and left behind when those civilizations later 2012 T-SHIRTS AVAILABLE ONLINE collapsed. Patrick Lyons, acting associate director of the Arizona State Museum at the The new AAHS T-shirts, designed by Janine Hernbrode, featuring Ho- University of Arizona and head of the museum’s collections, has been analyz- hokam burden carriers over a petroglyph design from Cerro Prieto, are ing hundreds of ceramics from Kinishba, the ruins of an 800-room pueblo just now available through our online store at www.az-arch-and-hist.org. The below the Mogollon Rim in east-central Arizona. T-shirts, which are available in both a traditional cut and a more tailored Lyons’s results will be published later this year by the Arizona State Mu- women’s cut, are $18.00 (including shipping). The system will create an seum Archaeological Series as a chapter in Kinishba Lost and Found: Mid-Cen- online account for any purchaser for whom AAHS does not already have tury Excavations and Contemporary Perspectives. an email address. If you have difficultly making a purchase from our Lyons, who also is an associate professor in the UA School of Anthropol- online store, contact Vice-President for Membership, Mike Diehl at ogy, said his work is a re-analysis of earlier studies, many of which were done [email protected]. (continued on page 8) Page 8 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of ...... The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 9
(continued from page 7) ard way materials were collected and people – migration. Researchers want never systematically approached in documented, and because a fire in to distinguish between those two pro- a holistic way. What was needed was by UA archaeologists. The diaspora Cummings’ home destroyed many of cesses whenever possible.” a look at the entire assemblage in from the Kayenta region has, in fact, his field notes. Emil Haury, who suc- Lyons said that the movement of terms of variability and dates and been studied extensively over the last ceeded Cummings, later moved the goods points to “relationships” be- how the site relates to others nearby. 80 years. UA field school to other pueblos at ing developed among communities. What became clear from new It started in the 1930s. Byron Forestdale, Point of Pines and Grass- Some villages specialized in pottery. analysis, he said, is that Kinishba is Cummings, the first head of what was hopper, and made scientific analy- Others made specialized stone tools at the “epicenter” of the migration then the UA archaeology department, sis a more important component of or jewelry carved from sea shells. from Kayenta down to the confluence excavated Kinishba. The pueblo is the excavations. Excavations by ASM archaeolo- of the Gila and San Pedro rivers. just one of the sites where migrants What has become apparent is that gist Charles Adams at Homolovi, for Daniela Triadan, an associate fleeing the north settled. local pottery-making at Kinishba and example, offer convincing evidence professor in the UA School of Anthro- Cummings and the students in his elsewhere was heavily influenced by that people there grew and wove cot- pology, has been investigating where field school collected hundreds of ce- the techniques brought by the new ton that they could traded for other the materials used in Kinishba pot- ramic objects, “bushels upon bush- settlers from the north, including per- goods, especially the prized Jeddito tery originated. Lyons said her work els,” he wrote, that spoke to “their in- forated plates and specific painted Yellow Ware pottery made on the will, among other thiings, help illu- dividual tastes and skills.” There patters on bowls and jars. While some Hopi mesas. minate personal relationships there were pots used for cooking and for ceramics were imported, some at But Kinishba’s pottery is impor- and in other communities where storage. Other vessels were used to great distances, others were made tant because it includes markers of people migrated. serve food, sometimes for large with local materials. people from the Kayenta region. “My colleagues and I have argued groups. There were miniatures and “What a lot of archaeologists are “Southwestern archaeologists about is whether and how these en- animal effigies. They came in differ- looking to reconstruct is specializa- have been working for a long time on claves of immigrants that we’re iden- ent colors and were hand-painted, or tion,” Lyons said. “It used to be the evidence of people moving out of tifying in different places, maintain embossed or even perforated. thought that every village produced the Four Corners region and into connections with one another. One The earliest studies of Kinishba its own pottery. Now, we know how other places,” said Lyons. “There is thing we see at Kinishba that we don’t pottery were published by UA stu- to match pottery to the raw materials lots of good evidence of this in see in other places is a lot of pottery dents for their master's degrees. Un- they were using. There was quite a Winslow (Homolovi). The classic that seems to come from Point of fortunately, the mindset of most ar- bit of exchange going on.” case is at Point of Pines. Grasshop- Pines. Triadan has already shown chaeologists of that era was geared “What it seems like on the Colo- per Pueblo is another. Recently, my connections between Kinishba and more toward collecting and less on rado Plateau and on the Rim just be- colleagues and I have been working Grasshopper. analysis. low is that not every household had in the San Pedro Valley to document “But what we now also are seeing Lyons said more sophisticated ex- a pottery producer, but in most cases this as well. is what looks like evidence of links cavation techniques and improved there were many individual pottery “But what was not known was between Point of Pines and Kinishba. analytical methods developed since producers in a village,” he said how much evidence was at Kinishba, Maybe friends and relatives who then has led to a greater understand- “However, there was a lot of ma- which is right in the midst of the other used to live together in the north coun- ing of these materials and the people terial that came in from outside. There pueblos.” try are maintaining connections af- who made them. New discoveries also was a lot of movement of pot- In addition to providing material ter they have to leave the Four Cor- also have made Kinishba a key piece tery, what we call ‘circulation,’ be- for master's theses and doctoral dis- ners region. High-tech sourcing tech- of the puzzle of what happened. cause sometimes it is not clear sertations, Kinishba was the focus of niques can help reveal these connec- Kinishba, said Lyons, is a bit over- whether the pottery is moving in ex- a report by Cummings in the 1940s. tions.” looked as a source of archaeological change for something else, or being Lyons said the collection has been data, in part because of the haphaz- brought in as part of a movement of studied off and on over the years, but (continued on page 10) Page 10 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of ...... The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 11
(continued from page 9) and how contacts among communi- AAHS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION ties were maintained Lyons said archaeologists have Samples of Kinishba pottery and Membership is open to all persons who are interested in the prehistory and history of only begun to scratch the surface of other southwestern ceramics are on Arizona and the Southwest and who support the aims of the Society. Membership Kinishba in terms of what is going on runs for a full year from the date of receipt, and covers all individuals living in the display at the Arizona State Museum. same household. within the site and how it grew and changed over time. Cummings and Monthly meetings are free and open to the public. Society field trips require member- ship. Members may also purchase an annual JSTOR subscription to Kiva back issues his students wrote room numbers for $20 through the AAHS website. and other information on the vessels and fragments they collected. The Cornerstone is presented by: Membership Categories Darlene F. Lizarraga, Marketing Coordinator By going back to what written in- $50 Kiva members receive four issues of the Society’s quarterly journal Kiva Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona and 12 issues of Glyphs formation remains, it may still be pos- P.O. Box 210026, Tucson, AZ 85721-0026 $40 Glyphs members receive Glyphs sible to correlate materials with the Phone: 520.626.8381, FAX: 520.621.2976 $35 Student Kiva members receive both Kiva and Glyphs www.statemuseum.arizona.edu oldest and newest parts of the pueblo, $75 Contributing members receive Kiva, Glyphs, and all current benefits [email protected] determining when the migrants came $120 Supporting members receive Kiva, Glyphs, and all current benefits $300 Sponsoring members receive Kiva, Glyphs, and all current benefits $1,000 Lifetime members receive Kiva, Glyphs, and all current benefits For memberships outside the U.S., please add $20.
OLD PUEBLO ARCHAEOLOGY For institutional membership, contact AltaMira Press at
Free presentations for the Ha:san Bak Saguaro Harvest Celebration at Colos- Name: ______Phone :______sal Cave Mountain Park, 16721 E. Old Spanish Trail. (Co-sponsored by the Address: ______Arizona Humanities Council.) City: ______State: ______Zip: ______The Hohokam Native American culture flourished in southern Arizona from E-mail: ______the sixth through the fifteenth centuries, and the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and Tohono O’odham (Papago) occupied this region historically. Ancient AAHS does not release membership information to other organizations Hohokam artifact, architecture, and other material culture provide archae- ologists with clues for identifying where the Hohokam lived, for interpreting BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2012-2013 Officers how they adapted to the Sonoran Deser t for centuries, and explaining why President: Jesse Ballenger | [email protected] | 520.217.7083 Vice President for Activities: Katherine Cerino | [email protected] | 520.907.0884 the Hohokam culture mysteriously disappeared. Vice President for Membership: Michael Diehl | [email protected] | 520.881.2244 Recording Secretary: Donna Yoder | [email protected] Communications Officer: Jon Boyd | [email protected] In this presentation, archaeologist Allen Dart illustrates the material culture Treasurer: George Harding | [email protected]
of the Hohokam and presents possible interpretations about their relation- Directors ships to the natural world and possible reasons for the eventual demise of Michael Boley Suzanne Crawford Ken Fleshman Todd Pitezel Ben Curry (Student Rep) Chance Copperstone John Douglass Janine Hernbrode Mary Prasciunas Patrick Lyons (ASM Rep) their way of life. The Hohokam discussion is followed by information about Editors of Society Publications the historical and modern O’odham cultures of southern Arizona, and how Kiva: James Snead, Acquisitions Editor | [email protected] | 818.677.3322 they related to the Hohokam. Glyphs: Emilee Mead | [email protected] | 520.881.2244 Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Arizona State Museum NONPROFIT University of Arizona ORGANIZATION Tucson, Arizona 85721-0026 U.S. Postage USA PAID
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The objectives of the Arizona Archaeo- logical and Historical Society are to encourage scholarly pursuits in areas of history and anthropology of the southwestern United States and north- ern Mexico; to encourage the preser- vation of archaeological and histori- cal sites; to encourage the scientific and legal gathering of cultural infor- mation and materials; to publish the results of archaeological, historical, and ethnographic investigations; to aid in the functions and programs of the Arizona State Museum, Univer- sity of Arizona; and to provide edu- cational opportunities through lec- tures, field trips, and other activities. See inside back cover for information about the Society’s programs and membership and subscription re- quirements.