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December Glyphs 62(6) GLYPHS The Monthly Newsletter of the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society An Affiliate of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona Founded in 1916 Vol. 62, No. 6 Tucson, Arizona December 2011 HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS ISSUE President’s Message .................................................................................................... 2 Upward Sun River (Xaasaa Na’) Site: Climate Change, Geoarchaeology and Human Land Use in Ice Age Alaska, Joshua A. Reuther and Ben A. Potter ............................................................................................................... 5 The Cornerstone ........................................................................................................... 9 2011 excavation at the Upward Sun River site, interior Alaska (photograph by Ben A. Potter). Next General Meeting: December 19, 2011 7:30 p.m., Duval Auditorium, University Medical Center www.az-arch-and-hist.org Page 2 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of . The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 3 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE vicinity of the Craycroft Road bridge, burying long redwood boxes in the which is technically the upper end of channel, then directing the water that the Rillito. That’s where Tanque percolated into them into shallow he Illinois prairie is not of in the way that a good thrift store Verde Creek and Pantano Wash con- ditches along the south bank of the the first place that comes is interesting, except that the unin- T verge and become the Rillito, the Rillito. Abandoned segments of ditch to mind when you think of tentionality of how things were left former draining the northeast corner are preserved in what are now pri- canoeing, but in the 12 years behind or pushed aside along a river of the Tucson Basin and the latter marily residential areas along the or so that I lived there, I did a adds notably to their appeal. ending the circuitous path it began, south bank of the Rillito, as is the oc- lot of it. Most of the prairie became I mostly gave up canoeing when I as Cienega Creek, somewhere south casional concrete feature that once farmland long ago, which means moved to southern Arizona, where of Sonoita. linked a buried redwood head box to most prairie rivers are flanked by nearly all the rivers dried up a cen- Before the water table dropped in a ditch, or a ditch to a buried red- fields, usually green with corn or soy- tury ago and none was ever suitable the early twentieth century, the lower wood flume that carried water below beans during the canoeing season. for canoeing in any case, but even end of Tanque Verde Creek was a re- the bed of the river to another ditch Some stretches of a river will be lined here, a river is an interesting seam in liable spot to find water year-round, on the opposite bank. One such flume by enough trees or brush or swamp the local historical fabric, a chance although it often required some dig- was uncovered by archaeologists to encourage the illusion that you’re to see the haphazard selection of old ging in the sandy channel. Early Mexi- about 15 years ago just downstream gliding through a wilderness, but the junk and immovable objects that can farmers in the basin knew this, from the Craycroft Road bridge, and murky, dark brown water always re- somehow defines a place for me. And and the U.S. Army, looking for a suit- stray pieces of redwood lumber along minds you of the proximity of here you can actually walk right in able place to establish a post in 1873, lower Tanque Verde Creek attest to plowed ground. the river and not have to worry about also knew it, moving from downtown others that have probably been de- A surprising amount of wildlife getting a ride or battling the current Tucson to just south of the confluence stroyed by flooding. still lives along the rivers in Illinois, to get back to your starting point. to build the new Fort Lowell, which All of which is interesting and in the occasional quiet spot the My favorite river to walk is the was active until 1891. The same loca- enough, but somehow I find more plant community still has some sem- Rillito, redundantly known as the tion was, of course, long favored by interesting still the remnants of an blance of its former minor glory, but I Rillito River, which runs east to west Native Americans: the remains of a old sewer line that was once buried decided early on that the most inter- along the foothills of the Catalina large Hohokam village, the Hardy below the bed of Tanque Verde Creek esting thing about traveling down a Mountains and the northern bound- site, lie just below what is now Fort and the Rillito. I don’t know much river in Illinois wasn’t the nature that ary of Tucson. I like to put in at Swan Lowell Park. Today, the park is well about it except that it was built in the had managed to survive but the odd Road and head upstream, usually known for its restored adobe fort 1950s, when residential develop- slice of recent history that it revealed. with my three boys and two or three buildings and the walking path that ment on the east side of Tucson had You’d never know until you canoed dogs. The channel is wide and open takes you by the spots where Ho- just begun, in the general vicinity of a river just how many remnant there, with a soft, sandy bottom and hokam features have been excavated, the Tucson Country Club. The line bridge abutments, collapsed corn intermittent thickets of desert broom but if you know where to look you has been abandoned for years and cribs, ancient farm machines, de- along the sides. The dogs chase liz- can see still other parts of the history was evidently destroyed in large part crepit cars, and long-forgotten trash ards, the boys chase the dogs, and I of the confluence as you walk up ei- by periodic downcutting of the chan- piles there were at the backs of all count my familiar, homely land- ther tributary. nel. those monotonous, neatly cultivated marks in the riverbed, keeping an eye In the late nineteenth century, af- As you walk up the Rillito from fields. out for anything newly exposed by a ter Fort Lowell was abandoned, Mexi- Swan Road, you see pieces of thick- I find the miscellaneous discards recent flow. can and Anglo-American farmers walled, 18-inch-diameter red clay of the recent, pre-plastic past inter- A walk up the river from Swan began farming in earnest along the pipe lying here and there, sometimes esting, not for any scientific or spe- Road offers plenty of things of con- Rillito, gathering water from the cifically historical reason but just vi- ventional interest to the archaeolo- lower end of Tanque Verde Creek by sually, intrinsically interesting, sort gist and historian, especially in the (continued on page 4) Page 4 Glyphs: The Monthly Newsletter of . The Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society Page 5 (continued from page 3) hand-laid red brick and the concrete AAHS HAPPENINGS just small sherds easily mistaken for exterior is just a protective veneer. a piece of brick (except for a slight It is hard to understand how TOPIC OF THE DECEMBER 19 GENERAL MEETING curvature to the sides), sometimes as something so substantial, so care- massive, almost complete sections fully made as this sewer line, with with the distinctive flange of clay pipe its hefty clay pipe and its seemingly Upward Sun River (Xaasaa Na’) Site: Climate Change, on one end. indestructible manholes, was so Geoarchaeology and Human Land Use in Ice Age Alaska If you keep heading up Tanque quickly outgrown, so quickly obso- by Joshua D. Reuther and Ben A. Potter Verde Creek from Craycroft Road, lete, or at least so unworthy of repair you’re treated to the odd sight of when it was damaged. No doubt large, bell-shaped manhole struc- some other system, still more impres- he Tanana River Valley region in aided in the exceptional preservation tures, spaced at long intervals, seem- sive, is now operating in its place, Tinterior Alaska has one of the of organic remains and the integrity ingly built to stand on the modern taking on a much larger burden and longest archaeological records in of the archaeological record. Most bed of the creek but actually built be- itself on the verge of obsolescence. I North America, dating back 14,000 spectacular is the discovery of a low the former bed and now fully doubt the old sewer line is distinc- calendar years ago, to the end of the young child, Xaasaa Cheege’ exposed by downcutting. These look tive enough, or enough of it survives, Ice Age. Several multicomponent Ts’eniin’ (Upward Sun River Mouth like pre-cast concrete structures, to justify official protection as a his- sites, including Upward Sun River, Child), who was cremated within a which they would be today, but if you toric property, but I hope it is pre- Gerstle River, Mead, Broken Mam- residential structure. This represents look inside (you’ll need a boost) and served, if only by neglect. Come to moth, Swan Point, and the Bachner the oldest Arctic/Subarctic human the sun is right, you’ll see they are think of it, maybe that’s the best way. Site, have provided well-preserved remains and residential structure, beautifully and sturdily crafted from —Scott O’Mack, President fauna, organic implements, lithic as- and one of the oldest in the Western semblages, and cultural features in Hemisphere. secure stratified contexts. These and We report on our analyses of ani- other sites are situated in windblown mal and floral remains from the site, silts (loess) on bedrock bluffs, allu- and explore the nature of human AAHS LECTURE SERIES vial terraces, and sand dune depos- land use patterns in the Tanana Ba- All meetings are held at the University Medical Center, Duval Auditorium its, providing avenues for exploring sin.
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