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Heavy Metal Exploration in Water and Fish from Bangshi River at Mirzapur Area Under Tangail District of Bangladesh

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Heavy Metal Exploration in Water and Fish from Bangshi River at Mirzapur Area Under Tangail District of Bangladesh See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327262740 HEAVY METAL EXPLORATION IN WATER AND FISH FROM BANGSHI RIVER AT MIRZAPUR AREA UNDER TANGAIL DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH Article · January 2016 CITATION READS 1 100 5 authors, including: Mausumi Rehnuma Md. Humayun Kabir Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University 15 PUBLICATIONS 19 CITATIONS 75 PUBLICATIONS 191 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Status of water quality of Bangladesh View project Disaster Resilience View project All content following this page was uploaded by Md. Humayun Kabir on 28 August 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Bangladesh J. Environ. Sci., Vol. 30, 7-12, 2016 @ BAED ISSN 1561-9206 HEAVY METAL EXPLORATION IN WATER AND FISH FROM BANGSHI RIVER AT MIRZAPUR AREA UNDER TANGAIL DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH M. Rehnuma, M. S. Islam, N. T. Meghla and M. H. Kabir Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal concentration in water and Fish (Tengra: Mystus vittatus) of the Bangshi River at Mirzapur upazila in Tangail district, Bangladesh during the period from July 2015 to February 2016.The water samples were collected from three different stations indicated as St-1 (Mirzapur municipality), St-2 (Gorai) and St-3 (Ajgana), and fish samples were collected from only station-3 during the period from July to September 2015 (wet season) and December 2015 to February 2016 (dry season) to analyze different heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). The water and fish samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn in water were ranged from 0.005 to 0.016, 0.0005 to 0.0009, 0.04 to 0.06, 0.78 to 1.39 and 1.30 to 1.94 ppm, respectively during the wet season and 0.011 to 0.021, 0.0011 to 0.0019, 0.07 to 0.13, 1.32 to 2.05 and 2.06 to 3.05 ppm, respectively during the dry season. All the metal concentrations in water except Mn were within the standard levels for domestic use, surface water, fisheries and irrigation purpose. The concentration of Mn exceeded the standard level this might be due to the emission from battery, glass and textile industry and runoff from agricultural land. In Tengra fish (M. vittatus) the level of Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn were 0.21, 0.02, 0.65, 3.45 and 5.81 mg/kg, respectively during the wet season, and 0.18, 0.023, 0.77, 2.80 and 5.67 mg/kg, respectively during the dry season. The heavy metal concentrations in fish were within the permissible limit compared to standard values. The study revealed that the water and fish of Bangshi river is not completely safe for human consumption. So, to maintain the sound and healthy ecosystem of the river and surrounding areas, proper management and monitoring of water quality of the river should be taken immediately. Key words: Bangshi river, heavy metal, water, fish. Introduction Pollution of heavy metals in aquatic system is growing at an alarming rate and has become an important worldwide problem due to their potential toxic effect and ability to bioaccumulate in the tissues of living organisms (Malik et al., 2010). Heavy metals have toxic properties, leading to adverse effects on human health and ecosystem even in small doses. Another problem-causing property is their non-degradability. Once they enter the environment they will remain there for long time (Mahfuza, 2012). Heavy metals enter the aquatic environment through various natural methods and human activities, and can accumulate in fish and other organisms. Industrial wastes, geochemical structure and mining of metals create a potential source of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment (Gupta et al., 2009). Accumulation in the food chain may lead to an increased stock in biota, thereby magnifying the human dose (Ahmed et al., 2012). Therefore, the problem of heavy metal contamination in fishes is increasing global attention (Rahman et al., 2012). Exposure to heavy metals has linked to several human diseases such as development retardation or malformation, kidney damage, cancer, abortion, effect on intelligence and behavior, and even death in some cases of exposure to very high concentrations. The water qualities of the rivers of Bangladesh are getting highly polluted day by day (Alam et al., 2007). Many of the rivers water get polluted from untreated industrial effluents, municipal waste, agricultural waste, sewage disposal, etc. (Hasan et al., 2014). Bangshi river is one of the most important rivers in the central part of Bangladesh in respect to irrigation, fisheries, transportation, recreational uses and so on. The water of Bangshi river is undergoing continuous changes in terms of quality day by day due to discharge of industrial wastewater to the river, agricultural runoff and dumping of solid waste beside the river. Different 7 Bangladesh J. Environ. Sci., Vol. 30, 2016 kinds of industries are found closely connected alongside the Bangshi river such as glass industry, textile industry (Hoque et al., 2012). The water of the river is also getting polluted due to indiscriminate dumping of solid waste beside the river. A very few study is available on water quality of Bangshi river. Thus the present study was an attempt to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in water and fish (Tengra: Mystus vittatus) of Bangshi river in Mirzapur, Tangail, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Bangshi river at Mirzapur upazila of Tangail district, Bangladesh during the period from July 2015 to February 2016. There were three sampling stations selected for this study, indicated as St-1: located at latitude 24˚06′34′′ N and longitude 90˚05′50′′ E in Mirzapur municipality (locally called Ferangi ghat); St-2: located at latitude 24˚06′12′′ N and longitude 90˚08′34′′ E in Gorai (locally called Kodaliaghat); and St-3: located at latitude 24˚07′82′′ N and longitude 90˚10′26′′ E in Ajgana (locally called Hatubhanga ghat). The Bangshi was a distributary river of the old Brahmaputra flowed in the southwardly direction through Tangail and discharged in the river Dhaleshwari near Savar at Dhaka (Kabir, 2014). On the other hand, the commonly consumed one fish species Tengra (Mystus vittatus) were collected from only St-3 directly from fisherman, during the wet season (July to September 2015) and dry the season (December 2015 to February 2016), respectively. Water samples were collected by 500 ml plastic bottles with double stoppers from each sampling points. The bottle were cleaned and washed with detergent solution and treated with 5% nitric acid (HNO3) over night before sampling. Finally the bottles were rinsed with deionized water and died. After sampling, the bottles were screwed carefully and labeled properly for identification. After collection of fish samples from fisherman the samples were preserved at - 20˚C for the analysis of heavy metal. The prepared samples were taken in vials and analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) (Model: AA-7000, Shimadzu, Japan).The collected data were compiled and tabulated in proper form and were subjected to statistical analysis. The Microsoft Office Excel software was used to present and interpret the collected data. Results and Discussion The concentration of Pb in the river water was ranged from 0.005 to 0.016 and 0.011 to 0.021 ppm during the wet and dry season, respectively. The highest concentration of Pb (0.021 ppm) was found at St-2 and St-3 in dry season and the lowest concentration (0.005 ppm) was found at St-1 in wet season (Table 1). Mean concentration of Pb 0.01 and 0.017 ppm was found during wet and dry season, which were lower than the domestic, irrigation, fishing and surface water standard levels given by De (2005), ADB (1994), and Ayers and Westcot (1976). Yasmeen et al. (2012) found concentration of Pb in the Buriganga river water during wet season <0.01, 0.011 and 0.0403 ppm in different location of the river. Ahmad et al. (2010) observed the concentration of Pb ranged from 0.058 ppm during pre-monsoon to 0.072 ppm during monsoon season in the Buriganga river, which are more or less similar with the present study. The concentrations of Cd were found to vary from 0.0005 to 0.0009 and 0.0011 to 0.0019 ppm in wet and dry season, respectively. The highest concentration of Cd (0.0019 ppm) was found at St-3 during dry season and lowest concentration (0.0005 ppm) was found at St-1 during wet season. All the stations during the dry season showed slightly higher concentration of Cd than the wet season (Table 1). The lower level of Cd during the wet season is might be due to the dilution of river water by rain water as well as runoff. The mean concentration of Cd along the river was 0.0008 and 0.0016 ppm during wet and dry season, respectively which were much lower than the domestic, irrigation, fishing and surface water standard levels (Table 2). Meghla et al. (2013) reported that the mean concentration of Cd in the Turag river water ranges from 0.09 to 0.13, 0.15 to 0.20 and -0.04 to -0.10 ppm during post-monsoon, pre-monsoon and monsoon season, respectively.
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