下関市立大学創立50周年記念論文集(2007.3)

Chinese in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, with a Statistical Analysis of Weights of the Coins

Shunji' Ouchi*, Shin-ichi Sakuraki* and Mark Blackburn t

most relevant to Japanese historians, namely 1. lntroduction on the Pre-Modern Chinese Coins of the 7th to the 17th centuries corresponding to the medi-

In an earlier issue of this Review, a report eval period in . Between the 10thand 16th (Sakuraki and Blackburn 2001) has already centuries coins were not produced officially by been made by the second and third authors on the political authorities in Japan. Domestic the Collection of Japanese Coins (issued before monetary circulation relied mainly on the for- the establishment of Modern monetary sys- eign coins imported from . Those were tem) at the Fitzwilliam Museum as held in coins mainly from the Tang (618-907), Song April, 2001. Today, the result can be seen on (960-1279), (1271-1368), and Ming (1368- the Fitzwilliam Museum website as a database 1644) dynasties. Statistically, the number of of 271 Japanese Coins (cited ISt Dec, 2006; Chinese Kai Yuan tong bao (issued by the available from: http://www.fitzmuseum.cam. ) excavated in the medieval ac.uk/dept/coins/). The total number of coins Japanese hoards is the fifth largest of all in the Collection held by the Fitzwilliam types, which means that the imported old Museum from all over the world today reaches Chinese still circulated in large quantity cir. 192 OOO, and the collection is one of the even in late medieval times. The Yong Le tong world's richest. Because of the fact that the bao from the holds fifth posi- first Japanese coins were introduced in the tion. However, generally speaking, the most late 7‘h century after the Chinese model, common coins in medieval Japan were over- Chinese Coins also attract the interest of the whelmingly those issued from the North Sung

Japanese monetary historians. The collection Dynasty, such as Huang Song tong bao and of cir. 3 100 Chinese coins is the largest por- Yuan Feng tong bao. We describe the collec- tion in the Fitzwilliam's Far-Eastern Coin tion of Chinese coins and the process of com-

Collection. piling the catalogue in section 2. The first author, who is currently Excavated coins are often badly pre- staying at the Fitzwilliam Museum as a visit- served, having been corroded by the soil. ing scholar, conducted research on a large por- Especially, coins normally do not keep tion of the Chinese Coin Collection according their original form because of the decay. The to their type, script, metal, features and Museum pieces, usually being better preserved weight and prepared a catalogue of it. The and collected for that virtue, are seemingly coins that have been catalogued are those better fitting for research into the original

* Professor, Shimonoseki City University t Keeper, Department of Coins and Medals, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge University

195 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge supposed standard weights of the coins than Dynasty; Table 4 The Southern Song the archaeological finds. Statistical analysis Dynasty; Table 5 The Tartar Dynasties; Table was applied to the weight data of some repre- 6 The ; Table 7 The Ming sentative coins to try to establish the formal Dynasty and Table 8 The and standard weights of Pre-Modern cast-coins, Qing Rebels (see Appendix Tables). which were less regulated than the modern In each Table, first and foremost coins coins made with mechanical devices. The re- are classified by “Emperor”, then by “Type” sults of the analysis are shown in section 3. (type of obverse), lastly by “Features.” For

two coins. No.23 in Table 1 and No.18 in Table ' 2. The Catalogue of Chinese coins 6, which we could not find in Hartill (2005), we

referred to Sun, Chung-hui et al. (1991).

The coins that we cover in this article are from The following conventions have been the Tang dynasty to Qing Rebels and the total used in the Tables. number of them is 2 041 (see Table 2.1). The 1) The numbers in “Reference” (rarely in

Museum also has cir.250 ancient Chinese coins “Features”) in the Tables are the cata- and cir.800 of the . We matched logue numbers used in Hartill (2005), the coins to images in the catalogue by Hartill but for No.23 in Table 1 and No.18 in

(2005) piece by piece. This catalogue is excel- Table 6 which are not on Hartill (2005) lent, however, we have faced considerable diffi- it is the catalogue number used in

culty with classifications. The variations of Sun, Chung-hui et al. (1991). Chinese letters on the existing coins are far 2) Chinese coin inscriptions are normally

greater than variations indicated in the cata- read top, bottom, right, left. Two logue and there were still many Chinese let- character inscriptions are normally ters that couldn't be,categorized with any of read from right to left. lnscriptions the catalogued types. Therefore, the classifi- that are read clockwise, top, right,

cations of coin types in this catalogue are by bottom, left, are indicated by “c/wise”

no means perfect. in the tables.

The catalogue is composed of the fol- 3) A lot of coins were made of or lowing eight tables: Table 1 The Tang (after 1505) alloy (these alloys Dynasty; Table 2 The Five Dynasties and Ten are referred as AE in the Tables). No.1 Kingdoms; Table 3 The Northern Song in Table 6 is the only coin made of sil- ver (referred as AR). Table 2.1 No. of coins catalogued 4) Dates that can be established with rea- Era No. of Coins sonable certainty are in Roman type. Tang 48 Estimated dat'es are in italics. Five Dynasties& 46 sen Kingdoms 5) Unless otherwise stated, the coin is a Northern Song 989 one denomination with a plain re- Southern Song 484 verse. Tartar 26 6) The main calligraphic styles used on Yuan 32 Chinese coins are (笈書),Li Ming 303 Script(乗書), Running Script(行書), Southern Ming& 113 @Qing Rebels Grass Script(草書), Regular. Script Total 2041 (楷書)and Slender Style(痩金書).

196 7) The weight of a coin is not only impor- one cash coins ever cast, it would probably be

tant information to distinguish identi- about 3 to 4 grams.”

cal coins, but also weight distributions Using the weight data of some repre- can be studied as an indicator of the sentative one cash coins from the Tang to

economy at the time. We consider the Ming dynasties, an examination of this state-

latter case in the next section. ment will be undertaken. A diagram style use- ful for presenting sufficient information to see

3.Statistical analysis of the weight data of the centre, spread, skew, and length of tails in

COlnsコ a dataset is the boxplot. Figure 3.1 is a boxplot of the weight data of the coins listed

Chinese governments of early times worked in Table 3.1. hard to control the weight of the coins they In Figure 3.1, the horizontal line inside minted, since they understood how economic the black box marks the median. The height matters, such as , were affected by of the box is equal to the interquartile dis- this factor. As was stated by Barker (2004) on tance, which indicates the spread or width of page 5, “the weight of standard cash coins the distribution for the data. 500/o of the data have remained consistent over time, giving lies within the limits of the box. What is im- rise to the concept of a value-one coin. lf one mediately apparent is that every median and could calculate the average weight of all value一 almost all of the boxes lie between 3 and 4

Table 3.1 One cash coins Dynasty Tang Northern Song Kai Yuan Song Yuan Huan Song Zhi Ping Xi Ning Yuan Feng Shao Sheng Zhen He Obv. 狽盾獅?bao 狽盾獅?bao 狽盾獅?bao 凾浮≠?b母。 凾浮≠?bao 狽盾獅?bao 凾浮≠?bao 狽盾獅?bao Sample size 35 39 58 40 65 47 64 30 Dynasty Southern Song Ming Jia Ding Chun You Hong Wu Tian Qi Obv. 狽盾獅?bao 凾浮≠?bao 狽盾獅?bao 狽盾獅?bao Sample size 38 29 31 40

ゆ 。 op ” o ヨbp唱Φ≧ 撃醗・ pt 灘麟闘・灘麟・ ・騨騒騨 寸 ・鰯灘・ 醗騰懸”・鷹醗・ T ﹇醗灘 ・翻隅 ・鰯灘灘 T翻謹

。り

LL LL・ 一 一 一 一 ou 一

L:一一J 1.1澤輩懸紐.警

ou oq CNa ×一 N CNI

Figure 3.1 Boxplot of weights of one cash coins. Prefixed numbers in front of the coins' names indicate dynasty as follows=1-Tang;2-Northern Song;3-Southern Song;4-Ming.

197 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

4 ∩乙 grams. Therefore, it is reasonable to 11 1 say that this data supports the state- の自肖OO 0 8 1 ment above. The weights of the large two }○.oZ6 4 cash coins are' often about twice the り乙 0 weight of one cash coins of the same

2 5ゆ 4 ・民り5つ 5.0 〈 reign. An examination of this will be S 2.5 縣 .0σ 3.0一 3.5一 4.0- undertaken. Figure 3.2 is a boxplot of 3.5 4.0 4.5 weight (grams) the weight data of the coins listed in

Table 3.2. Only coins whose sample Figure 3.3 Histogram of weights of Kai Yuan tong bao size was greater than 25, based on sta- tistical justification, were selected. minted coins, when checked in sets of 1000,

weighed 7 /'in. Therefore, the weight of one

Table 3.2 Two cash coins coin was 1.1 qian (= 4.18 grams), Figure 3.3 is Dynasty Northern Song Southern Song a histogram of weight data of Kai Yuan tong

Xi Ning Yuan Feng Chun Xi Jia Ding bao. The median and mean of the data are 3.56 Obv. 嘯?盾獅?bao 狽盾獅?bao 凾浮≠?bao 狽盾獅?bao and 3.61 respectively.

Sample size 36 38 26 25 The measured data is only 30/o 一 40/o

lower than the theoretical standard. which can ' be accounted for by a degree of loss through

ヨbD毎≧①。○卜⑩ゆ寸 コ TT wear and corrosion. This suggests that the マ・翻・ ・翻・ ; ・翻囲 weight of Kai Yuan tong bao coins was closely ・翻・ r controlled. and that once in circulation heavier ' coins were not preferentially, culled distorting 並 the weight dist,ribution. Applying the 2Xi Ning Zhong 3 Chun Xi Shapiro-Wilk test to this data, there was no 2Yuan Feng 3 Jia Ding evidence its distribution was not normal (p-

Figure 3.2 Boxplot of weights of two cash coins value=O.4681). Therefore a 950/o confidence in-

terval for the mean weight can be constructed,

In Figure 3.2, except for Chun Xi yuan under the assumption that the data is sampled bao, it is shown that the medians and boxes of from a normal population. The interval ob-

Northern Song coins lie between 6 and 8 tained (3.41, 3.83 grams) represents a 950/o con- grams. ln this sample, Southern Song coins fidence interval・for the mean weight of a are lighter than Northern Song coins. population consisting of the total number of We find the following information in Kai Yuan coins now remaining. Xinxei (1994)

Hartill (2005) and Xinxei (1994). Kai Yuan presents an in-depth argument on the eco- tong bao was the main coin issued by the Tang nomic principles behind early currency sys- dynasty (618-907). lt was minted for most of tems. the dynasty. lts weight was set at 2.4 , ten to the liang. 1000 coins weighed 6 」'in 4 liang, 4. History of the Collection meaning one weighed 1 qian (= 3.73 grams). The unit of weight came to be named after the The Chinese coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum coins. Records state that in 713, recently have come from many different sources and

198 until recently there has been no attempt to As well as the Chinese collection. it has been ' build the collection systematically. The com- expanding its collection of Japanese, Korean position is therefore partly chance, but also and Vietnamese coins, and acquiring books reflects the types of coins easily available to and periodicals on them. Collaboration be- collectors in the later 19th and early 20th cen- tween the three authors has resulted in joint turies. Before 1908 the origins of coins added research projects into coin finds and coin cir- to the Fitzwilliam's collection were not re- culation, and has led to exchange visits be- corded, but some Chinese coins will have been tween the Universities of Cambridge and among the 12 OOO coins donated by the Rev. Shimonoseki City since 2001. The first and W.G. Searle in 1899. The large collection of second authors have each spent sabbatical C.T. Gardner, a 19th-century sinologist, was years at Cambridge University (2006-7 and divided betWeen the , the 2001-2), and the third author studied in Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and the Shimonoseki City University as a Visiting Fitzwilliam Museum in 1947. ln 1992 the Fellow in 2005, supported by the Japan Society Museum selected 148 Chinese coins from the for the Promotion of Science. We hope that collection of Mr B. Russell Brown. An inter- this collaboration will continue. and other ' esting addition in 1989 was a parcel of 120 scholars to come to Cambridge to use the re- coins from the large hoard of cir. 32000 sources of the numismatic collection and }i- Chinese coins from the 7th to late 19th centu- brary for their research. ries found at the Palmer River Goldfields, Northern Queensland in Australia in 1978. Acknowledgements By the 1990s the Museum had a gen- We thank the staff of the Department of Coins and eral representative collection of Chinese coins Medals, Fitzwilliam Museum, especially Dr M. Allen, for their kind assistance. of all periods, but it was not at all distin- guished. ln 1999, generously financed by Mr References

Christopher Jeeps, the Museum bought the D.Hartill. 2005. CAST CHINESE COIN. Trafford. collection of a Singapore businessman, Mr S.Sakuraki and M.Blackburn. 2001. Japanese coins in the Vickam Chand. Although comprising only Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. SHIMONOSEKI CITY UNIVERSITY REVIEW. Vol.45. No.2. 556 coins, this collection contained many rari- 7 T Vi一一V7 Sun, Chung-hui et al.(ed.). 1991. Chien ming ch'ien pi ties. lt was especially strong in early spade t2'u tien [Concise Dictionary of Coins]. Shanghai. and knife coins, early medieval coins. lts coins D.Hartill. 2003. QING CASH. Royal Numismatic Society of the Yuan dynasty are particularly fine, in- Special Publication No.37 London. cluding one of the rare cash coins read- R. A. Barker. 2004. The Historical Cash Coins of . ing Da Chao tong bao, attributed to Ghengis Singapore. P. Xinxei. 1994. A MONETAR Y HISTOR Y OF CHJNA, or Kublai Khan (no. 1, Table 6). With the con- Zhong Quo Hou Bi Shi, translated by Edward H. tinuing support of Mr Jeeps, the Museum has Kaplan, 2 volumes, Western Washington made a number of further purchases, and it University, 1994. will continue to build on its Chinese collection. J. Verzani. 2005. Using R for lntroductory Statistics. CHAPMAN&HALL/CRC. 5. Future Prospects

The Fitzwilliam Museum is actively building its collection of Far Eastern cqins and library.

199 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Appendix Tables

Table 1 The Tang dynasty (618-907)

Emperor Weights No. Type Script Meta1 Features Reference @Date iNo. of coins)

Normal size. .82, 3.33, 3.05,3 sh6 jing井compo- 1 Early Type 4.1� D92, 3。88, 3.71,4 獅?獅?of Kai does not U21-7Z8 D36,4.00,2.73 (9> 狽盾浮モ?

he hole.� � 4.1b� .46

� 4.3� .84

� 4.3g� .74 o shoulder on yuan.� � 4.3h� .31

� 4.3u� .12

� 4.3v� .28,4.34(2) iddle Type7

P8-32� .47, 3.56, 3.21,5 � 4.4� D04(4) eft shoulder ony

� bv:開元通寳K 浮≠氏E� 4.4h� .58 ≠?Yuan tongb 0� i� 4.4u� .40 ≠潤iTheI E� 1� 獅≠浮№浮窒≠撃モ .4y�3 16

�� rrency)62 .6�3 19 P-846�� shoulder on yuan.�� �� .6aa�3 58

�� te Type73 generate specimen.�1 .7ac�3 92,4.29(2) �� Q-907�� ft shoulder onyu .8c�3 07

�� ≠氏E�� .8u�2 78

�� t below tong.�1 .12z�3 72

v:福Fu bottom.Mi �� .56�3 50 獅煤FFuzhou�1

v:廣Guan right.Mi �� .58�3 23 獅煤FGuangzhou�1 ichang Kai Yuans84 v:洛LuoMi �� T-46�R .77�3 76 獅煤FLuoyang�1

v:潤Run.Mi �� .81�3 54 獅煤FRun�1

.52 �� v:越Yue.�1 .95�1

�� cash size coin.�� 60.2下�1 .95

�� lue Ten. Rev:Plain.�� ,101�6 12,8.16(2)

�� lue Fifty. Rev:Plain.�� ,105�1 .19 v:軋元重寳Qi 58, 2.92, 1.83,3. Zong75 ≠?Yuanzh �S �A v:Plain.�1 ,114�2 U-62�O �� U1(4) 盾獅?bao75 lue One,or W-62�L р奄獅≠窒?size.�R 00, 2.49,4.69,3. �� v:Crescent below.�1 ,116�2 Q3,4.19(5)

0 Table 2 The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960)

Dynasty or Emperor Weights No, Type Script MetaI Features Reference @kingdom @Date iNo. of coins)

Later Jin Obv:天福元寳 Gao Zong 1 cynasty sian Cheng Li AE c/wise,1eft shoulder yuan. 15.3 2.26 @ 938一 @936-47 凾浮≠?bao

Later Han Obv:漢元通寳 Gao Zu 2 cynasty gan Yuan Li Rev:Crescent below. 15.7 3.00 X47-48 AE @ 948-51 狽盾獅?bao @ .

3 Rev:Plain. 15.12 3.54,3.23,3。33 (3)

4 Rev:Crescent above. 15.13 3.04

5 Rev:Crescent right. 15.15 3.75

6 Rev:Crescent lower right. 15.16 3.73 Shi Zong Obv:周元通寳 Li AE 7 @Dyllasty @ 955. yhou Yuan Rev:Crescent below. 15.17 3.14 @ 951-60 狽盾獅?bao 8 Rev:Crescent lower left. 15.18 3.36

9 Rev:Crescent upPer left. 15.20 3.48

10 Rev:Dot above. 15.23 4.09

11 Rev:Dot below. 15.24 3.50

12 Rev:Dot right. 15.25 3.38 Obv:永平元寳 13 xong Ping C/wise. 15.30 4.81 凾浮≠?bao Obv:通正元寳 14 song Zheng c/wise. Rev:Plain. 15.31 2.92 Wang Jian 凾浮≠?bao @ 907-18 Obv:天漢元寳 15 sian Han c/wise. Rev:Plain. 15.36 2.82 凾浮≠?bao. Li @Kingdom Obv:光天元寳 AE @ 907-25 16 fuang Tian c/wise. Rev:Plain. 15.38 3.43 凾浮≠?bao

Obv:乾徳元寳 17 pian De yuan c/wise. Rev:Plain. 15.42 4.44,3.49(2)

f Wang b≠ @ 919-25 Obv:成康元山 .18 wian Kang c/wise. Rev:Plain. 15.46 3.09 凾浮≠?bao

Large coin, iron. 19 Fe 15.49 25.28, 26.70 (2) qev:Large dot above. Kingdom of Obv:開元亭亭 @ Min Wang jai Yuan tong Large coin,1ead. rhenzhi 15.51 17.27 20 @ 909-45 b≠ Pb qev:閾Min above, Li モ窒?唐モ?獅?below.

21 Pb 15.53 4.59,4.90(2)

:Later Shu Obv:廣政通寳 22 jingdom fuang Zheng AE 15.75 3.33 @ 926-65 狽盾獅?bao

Southern Obv:永通泉貨 @ Tang Yuan Zu 23 xong Tong Regular AE 15.78 14.73 jingdom X43-61 @937-75 puan Huo

201 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

24 Rev:Plain. 15.80 3.00, 3.81, 3.19(3)

25 Sea1 Larger characters. 15.83 2.32 Obv:三寸通寳 26 15.86 6。』33 sang Guo Alarge coin, worth ten. 狽盾獅?bao. 27 Li Small coin. Rev:Plain. 15.90 2.21 Southern @ Tang Yuan Zu 28 Regular AE One dot tong. Rev:Plain. 15.93 3.78,4.32(2) jingdom X43-61 X37-75 Obv:』大唐通寳 29 ca Tang tong Li Regular size. 15.95 2.22

b≠潤D

30 Obv:開元通寳 Rev:Plain. 15.99 3.53 jai Yuan tong Seal 31 b≠ Rev:Large dot above, 15,100 3.09

Obv:乾亨通寳 32 pian Heng AE 15,106 2.20 狽盾獅?bao

33 AE 15,107 2.74

34 Southern Pb 15,108 3.25 @ Han Lie Zu Li 35 jingdom X17-42 15,109 4.28 Obv:乾亨重心 X05-71 pian Heng 36 Inscription reversed. 15,110 4.89 嘯?盾獅?bao

AE Rev:匿yong. lint:Yongzhou, 37 15,112 4.28,5.15(2) fuangxi, the others in fuangzhou.

Table 3 The Northern (960-1127)

Emperor Weights No. 卜 Type Script Metal Features Reference @Date iNo, of coins)

1 Rev:Plain。 16.1 2.90,4.21,4.32,2.93 (4)

2 Rev:Crescent above. 16.1a 3.90

3 Rev:Crescent left. 16.1b 3.21,3.53(2) Small 4 Rev:Dot above. 16.1d 3.92, 3.98, 3.98 (3) モ?≠窒≠モ狽?窒刀D

5 Rev:Dot right. 16.1e 3.35,3.80(2) Obv:宋元通寳 6 Rev:Dot below. 16.1f 3.82,3.44(2) Tai Zu rong Yuan Li X60-76 狽盾獅?bao AE 7 Rev:Dot left. 16.1g 3.18 X60-76

8 Rev:Dot above. 16.2a 2.92,3.26(2)

9 Rev:Dot below. 16.2c 3.91 Large 10 Rev:Dot left. 16.2d 3.40 モ?≠窒≠モ狽?窒刀D

11 Rev:Crescent above. 16.2e 4.48,4.04(2)

12 Rev:Crescent below. 16.2g 3.59,3.17,3.26,3.33 (4)

202 13 Rev:Nail mark above. 16.2i 3.58,4.30(2)

Rev:Nail mark above 14 16.2j 4.13,4.08(2} Large 窒奄№??corner. Obv:宋元通寳 モ?≠窒≠モ狽?窒刀D 15 Tai Zu rong Yuan Rev:Nail mark right. 16.2k 3.15,3.86(2) Li X60-76 狽盾獅?bao AE 16 3.01 X60-76 Rev:Nail mark below. 16。2m

Long tong and bao, 3.58, 3.23,3.84, 1.92, 17 16.3 窒盾浮獅р??bei. Q.48, 3.61,3.93 (7)

3。95, 3.80, 3.30, 3.30, Obv:太平通寳 18 16.17 R.27, 3,32, 3.59, 3.59, sai Ping Sma11er Rev:Plain. Li R.87,3.16,3.04 (ll) 狽盾獅?bao AE 唐奄嘯?D X76-89

19 Rev Dot left. 16。17a 2.91

Regular Slight differences in 3.61,2.59,3.65,3.80, 20 rcript, モ≠撃撃奄№窒≠垂??between 16.25 R.81,3.70,3.60,3.30 (8) Regular Obv:淳化元寳 b/wise. P6.25 and 26. bhun Hua 21 凾浮≠?bao AE 16.26 X90-94

3.54,3.48,3.67, 3。48, 22 Running Running Script, c/wise and bronze. 16.29 S.27, 3.60, 3.58 (7) Tai Zong @976-97 23 16.32 3.00,2.65,3,69,3.37 (4) Grass Script, c/wise. Grass AE 24 qev:Plain. 16.33 2.51

3.09, 3.94,3.10,3.43, 25 Regular Normal size. 16.35 R.88,4.26,3.85 (7) Regular rcript, Characters crowded 26 b/wise. 16.36 3.52 窒盾浮獅?the hole.

3.18, 3.56, 3.59, 3.95, Obv:至道元寳 Running Script, c/wise. 27 Running 16.37 R.07, 2.25, 3.34, 3.52, yhi Dao qev:Plain. R.60,3.75(10) 凾浮≠?bao AE X95-97 Characters away 28 ?窒盾?the hole. Grass 16.41 3.95,3.59(2)

Grass Script, @唐モ窒撃垂煤D g Grass b/wise. Characters crowded 29 16.42 4.12 窒盾浮獅?the hole.

Obv:威平元寳 3.44, 3.83,3.65,4.10, wian Ping 30 Regular c/wise, ordinary coin. 16.43 R。41,3.34, 2,95,4.06, 凾浮≠?bao AE R.56, 2.66, 3.48 (11) X98-1003 Zhen 3。44, 3。57,4.15,3.92, @Zong Obv:景徳元寳 R.03, 3.91, 3.62, 3.35, X88-1022 iing De R.26, 2,85,3。74, 3.84, 31 Regular C/wise. 16.49 凾浮≠?bao AE S.06,3,49,3,74,4,02,

P004-07 Q.93,3.51,2.74,3.99, R.19⑳

203 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

3.38, 3.65,4.28, 3.58, Obv:祥符元寳 R.16, 3.20,4.10, 3.00, wiang Fu 32 Regular c/wise, dot at top of yuan. 16.52 S.21, 3.16, 3.30, 4.06, 凾浮≠?bao AE S.37,3.75, 2.68, 3.05, P008-16 Q.98(1の

Two dot tong. 33 16.59 3.55 qev:Plain.

Obv:祥符通寳 4.16, 2.86, 3.70, 2.31, 34 Sma11 coin. 16.63 wiang Fu Q.64(5) Zhen Regular AE C/wise. 狽盾獅?bao 3.01, 3.91, 2.70, 3.60, 35 yong One dot tong. 16.64 P008-16 S.37,4.25(6> X88-1022 Tong in Li style. 3.62, 3.59, 3.89, 3.98, 36 16.65 qev:Plain. R.18,3.74(6)

3.45,4.33, 3.36, 3.91, Feet of bao spread. 37 16.68 R.67,3.42,4.21, 3.77, nne dot tong. Obv:天禧通寳 S.01(9) sian Xi Regular AE C/wise. 3.64,3.86, 3.06, 3.00, 38 狽盾獅?bao Feet of bao straight. 16.70 R.71(5> P017-22 Sma11er charactters, 39 16.71 3.88,' R.83(2) 狽翌?dot tong.

3.84, 2.86, 3.63,4.39,

40 Differences in sheng 16.73 Q。79,4.25, 2.18, 3.80, Seal C/wise. R.88,3.76,4.43,4.43(12) b?狽翌???16,73 and 16.74. Obv:天聖元寳 41 sian Sheng 16.74 4.19 凾浮≠?bao AE 3.84,3.07, 3.75, 3.57, 42 P023-31 Feet of bao spread. 16.76 S.19,3.57, 3.82, 3.93(8)

C/wise. 43 Regular Feet of bao straight. 16.77 3.18,3.40, 4.14 (3)

44 Feet of bao curving. 16.79 3.23

3.28,3.73, 3.62, 4.54, Non significant 45 Seal C/wise. 16.82 R.55, 3。62, 3.15, 3.39, 魔≠窒撃?狽撃?刀D@ ・ o S.36, 3.53, 3.15 (11) Obv:明道元寳 ling Dao 4.20, 3.60,4.04, 3.00, 46 Feet of bao spread, 16.83 凾浮≠?bao AE T。16(5)

3.72,3.90, 3.33, 3.90, P032-33 C/wise. 47 Regular Smaller characters. 16.84 S.16,3.94(6)

48 Feet of bao straight. 16.85 3.65

3.49,3.44, 3.29, 5.10,

Feet of bao join R.13, 3.30, 3.65, 3.13, 49 Seal C/wise. 16.87 奄?middle. S.35, 3.35, 3.66, 3.13, Ren Zong Q.80, 3.67,4.49 (15) P022-63 Obv:景祐元寳 3.49, 3.53, 3.90, 3.33, iing You AE Q.90, 3.82, 4.18, 4.06, 50 凾浮≠?bao Regular coin. 16.89 R.61,3.94, 4.05, 3.81, P034-38 Regular C/wise R.82, 4.03, 3.36 (15)

51 Long feet of bao, 16.90 2.06

52 Small size. 16.91 6.48

2.87, 2.75, 3.58, 3.11, Obv:皇宋通寳 Top of Huang curved, bao a rounded 53 16.93 R.16, 3.36, 3.95, 3.50, guan Song 唐曹浮≠窒?E Seal S.07(9) 狽盾獅?bao AE 3.49,3.24, 3.19, 3.30 P039-54 54 Bao round. 16.94 i4)

204 55 Bao square. 16.95 3.59, 3.06,3,48 (3)

56 Smaller characters. 16.96 3.12,3.57,4.00 (3)

Seal Distinct dot in白of Huang, bao 3.27,3.63,3.49,3.98, 57 16.98 ≠窒盾浮獅р??square. R.62(5)

58 Top of Huang square. 16.99 4.10,4.01,3,95,3.73(4)

3.62 3.54, 3.89,4.63,

59 Tong in Top of Huang square. 16,103 Q.67, 3.62,3.75,4.04, Obv:皇宋通寳 ki script, R.86, 3.54,3.76,3.07(12) guan Song @others 16,104 2.39,3.63(2) 60 狽盾獅?bao AE Top of Huang curved. @varlOUS@ ・ P039-54 61 Top of Huang round. 16,106 3.35,3.53(2)

3.30, 3.65, 3.96, 3,30, 62 Distinct dot in tong. 16,111 R.62, 3.35, 3.51 (7)

63 Small size. 16,112 2.94

64 Regular Sma11 characters, broad rim. 16,113 3.47, 3.34,2.84,3.52(4)

65 Dot in tong not distinct. 16,114 3.24

66 Small characters. 16,116 3.50

Obv:康定元寳 67 jang Ding Li Fe c/wise, small size and iron. 16,122 6.01 凾浮≠?bao 1040

68 Obv:慶丁重寳 C/wiSe, regUlar COin. 16,124 4.97 ping Li zhong 69 Regular Broad rims. 16,127 7.93,8.27(2) b≠盾 AE 70 P041-48 Narrow rims. 16,128 4.51 Ren Zong Medium characters, 3.91,3.50,4.69,3.76, 71 P022-63 16,130 S.10,3.58(6) Seal C/wise. b≠?square.

72 Obv:至和元寳 Small characters. 16,132 3.64 yhi He yuan c/wise, Normal yuan(short toP 73 Li 16,133 3.19 b≠盾 AE 唐狽窒盾汲?j.

P054-55 3.59,4.27,3.73,3.48, 74 Medium characters. 16,135 R.33, 2.79, 3.81 (7) Regular C/wise. 75 Small characters. 16,136 3.78, 3.79, 3.77, 3.75(4)

Obv:至和通寳 76 Sea1 Regular writing. 16,138 2.92, 3.28, 3.33, 3.33(4) yhi He tong

b≠盾 AE 3.42,3.34,3。29,4.23, 77 Regular 16,141 P054-55 R.79(5>

78 Bey round. 16,146 2.73, 3.54, 3.49 (3)

79 Seal C/wise. Bey square. 16,147 4.01, 2.67, 2.89 (3)

80 Bey squat. 16.147A 3.64,4.81(2) Obv:嘉祐元寳 iia You yuan 3.99, 3.67, 2.25, 3.48, 81 Large yuan. 16,148 AE S.08(5) b≠盾 Li b/wise. . 81 P056-63 Left shoulder yuan. 16,149 3.10, 2.91,3.42 (3)

3.37, 3.00, 3.08, 3.10,

82 Regular C/wise. 16,150 R.55, 2.55, 2.95, 3.23, R.59(9>

4.33, 2.78,3,90,3.15, Obv:嘉祐通寳 83 Top horizontal line of Jia straight。 16,151 R.15, 3,61, 3.26, 3.04 iia You tong SeaI i8) b≠盾 AE

84 P056-63 Top horizontal line of Jia curved. 16,152 3.19,3.20(2)

205 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

3.11, 3.69, 3.41,3.49, 85 Li 16,153 Obv:嘉祐通寳 R.35(5)

Ren Zong iia You tong 3.51, 3。61, 3.40, 3.93, 86 AE Small Jia。 16,154 P022-63 b≠盾 S.07,3.36(6> Regular P056-63 , 87 karge Jia. 16,155 3.73, 3.59, 3.43,3.44(4)

88 Large characters, 16,156 3.36

3.60, 3.88, 2.91,4.38,

Q.74,4.24, 3.57,3.04, 89 Small characters. 16,157 R.71, 3.89, 2.78, 3.90, Seal R.22(13}

Feet of bao spread, Obv:治平元寳 90 №?獅?窒≠撃撃?different 16,158 2.57, 3.58, 3.97 (3) yhi Ping yuan C/wise. モ≠撃撃奄№窒≠垂?凵D b≠盾 AE

P064-67 4.00,4.14, 3.85,4.14,

R.58, 2.03, 3.00, 5.14, 91 Large characters. 16,160 Ying R.88, 2.53, 4.04, 3.90, Regular yong R.93, 2.87, 3.85 (15) P064-67 3.73,3。39, 3.19, 4.50, 92 Small characters. 16,161 R.13,3.86(6)

93 Running Plain reverse。 16,162 4.85,3.41(2)

94 Semicircular bao, ping 3 strokes at the top. 16,164 3.51, 3.80, 2.79 (3)

95 Seal Round bao, ping 2 strokes at the top. 16,165 2.90 Obv:治平通寳 AE yhi Ping tong 96 Ping with・three strokes at the bottom. 16,166 3.24,4.22, 3.40 (3) b≠盾 3.94,3.28, 2,33, 4.14 97 P064-67 Li 16,167 i4) AE 98 Regular 16,169 4.37

Ning written with a 3.43, 3.37, 4.23, 3.77, 99 モ浮窒魔??stroke at the 16,170 R.51, 3.82, 2.60, 3.56(8) b盾狽狽盾香D

Ning with a horizontal 狽窒盾汲?at the bottom, 2.93, 3.54, 3.84, 3.20, 100 16,171 b≠?with long side S.01,3.33(6)

唐狽窒盾汲?刀D

Small Ning,皿at bot- 101 16,173 2.99,3.32, 4.20 (3) 狽盾香D Sea1 Left stroke of yuan 102 16,174 4.86, 3。38, 3.53 (3) 唐撃盾垂奄獅〟D

Obv:煕寧元寳 103 Shen Smaller size. 16,175 3.40,3.71(2) wi Ning yuan yong C/wise. 104 b≠盾 AE Semicircular bao. 16,176 3.73,3.54(2) P068-85 P068-77 4.08,4.15, 3。77, 3。19, 105 Different writing. 16,177 R.13, 3.23, 4.11 (7)

106 Seal script. Rev:Plain. 16,178 3.37

107 Li Li script. Rev:Plain. 16,180 2.71

Left hand stroke of Xi 3.36, 3.66, 3.84,3、94, 108 16,182 唐?垂≠窒≠狽?D S.11,3.70(6)

109 Coarser characters. 16.182a 3.71 Regular Left hand stroke of Xi 2.98, 3.79, 2.89,3。94, 110 狽盾浮モ?獅?the臣at the 16,183 R.11,4.13 (6} 、 b盾狽狽盾香D

206 Left hand stroke of Xi 3.79, 2.95,4.64, 3.29, 111 奄獅モ盾窒垂盾窒≠狽??with the 16,184 S.03,4.15,3。75 (7) Regular b. Radiating lines on re- 112 16,185 4.19,2.59(2) 魔?窒唐?D Obv:煕寧元寳 Left hand stroke of Xi 3,42,4.26, 3。34, 2.98, 113 16,188 wi Ning yuan モ浮窒魔?пD S.30(5) E� /wise.� b≠盾 eft hand stroke of Xit Yuan in P068-77 盾浮モ?奄獅?the臣at theb 114 @窒浮獅獅撃獅? . ・scrlpt, 6,190� 。59, 3.78, 4.20, 3.62(4) 盾狽狽盾香C small charac-t

?窒刀D� 盾狽??窒唐 egular� eft hand stroke of Xii 15� 獅モ盾窒垂盾窒≠狽??with the臣 6,191� .34 D�

16� ,L quarish bao.� 6,194� .91, 7.41,5.16, 6.80(4)

ao with long sides 17� 6,195� .90 ea1� 狽窒盾汲?刀D�

road rims.R .66, 7.45, 7.34, 5.39,6 18� 6,196� ?磨FPlain.� D60(5)

19� i� 6,198� .35,5.84(2)

bv:煕寧重寳X o left hand stroke onX .02,8.11, 7.41,6.95,7 20� ≠窒№?coin,C 堰C large square charac-t 6,199� D30, 5.66,8.64, 6.10,8 ?Ning zhongb E� ≠盾P ^wise.� ?窒刀D� D67(9) O71-77� eft han4 stroke on Xi,n 21� 盾窒高≠?characters.R 6,200� .22,6.55(2) egular� ?磨FPlain.�

22� henZ ook-like dits on Xi.� 6,202� .41 盾獅№P .66, 8.21, 7.50, 7.37,7 O68-85� Joined Flying”dots onX 23� 6,203� D59,6.54,9.41,6.23,7 堰D� D52, 7.33, 7.96, 7.43(12)

.56, 2.81, 2.31, 3.43,4

D55, 3,03, 3.30, 3.41,3 24� egular characters.� 6,210� D17,3.45,3.80,3.25,3 D90, 4。15, 3.87, 3,54( mall coin,C ea1� P6) ^wise.� 25� arge characters.� 6,211� .50,3.44(2)

.72,4.03,3.39, 3.87,3 26� mall characters.� 6,212� D65,3.81(6)

.65, 7.33, 7.96, 7.59,5 27� ound bao.� 6,224� D22, 6.97, 7.90 (7)

.70,8.44, 7.60,6.43,7 bv:元豊通寳Y 28� arge coin,C quarish bao.� 6,225� D15, 6.61, 6.95, 7.28,7 浮≠?Fengt eal� ^wise。� D83, 4.88, 6.66 (11) 盾獅?bao1 E� 29� O78-85� ev:Large dot above.� 6,226� .14,7.42(2)

30� ev Cresent above.� 6,227� .00,6.88(2)

mall coin,C 31� i� mall tong.� 6,233� .33 ^wise.�

32� arge characters.� 6,235� .29,3.63,4.52, 3.49(4)

33� mall characters.� 6,236� .86,4.04, 2.89, 2.91(4)

unni119� /wise.� .73,3.54,3.81,3.39,4

B12,3.84,.3.59,3.58,3 34� ao with claw feet.� 6,237� D95,4.53,3.17,4.01,3

D31,3.12(14)

07 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

6.46, 7.52, 8.28, 6。62,

Shen Obv:元豊通寳 X.03, 7.33, 7.24, 7.21, 135 16,248 yong xuan Feng Large coin, Variations in charact6rs. T.11, 7.07, 7.89, 5.32, Running AE P068-85 狽盾獅?bao b/wise. S.76(13) P078-85 136 16,250 7.79, 7.13, 6.69 (3)

137 Square bao,10ng feet. 16,260 3.69,4.03, 3.24 (3>

3.12,3.57, 3.77, 3.91,

Q.83, 4,25, 3.28, 3.46,

138 Square bao, short feet. 16,261 R.34,3.19, 2.49, 3.67,

Small coin, R.38,4.06, 3.10, 4.08, S.32(17) b/wise. Sea1 139 Square bao, small bei. 16,262 2.73,4.19, 2.19 (3)

140 Oval bao. 16,263 4.70

141 Rev:Dot above. 16,264 3.55

Obv:元祐通寳 Large coin, 16,269 8.96,6.34(2) 142 xuan You Semicircular bao. AE b/wise. 狽盾獅?bao 4.27, 4.11, 4.01, 4.27, 143 Spread feet bao. 16,274 P086-93 R。69(5)

3.42,3.73, 2.99, 3.41, 144 Small bei. 16,275 Small coin, S.20(5)

b/wise. 3.10, 2.93, 3.05, 3.85, 145 Law feet, bao. 16,276 R.51,3.73, 4.21 (7) Running 146 Rev:Dot above. 16,277 3.66

147 Larger size. 16,284 6.45,6.81, 6.93 (3)

Large coin, Larger size, claw feet 148 16,285 7.11 b/wise. b≠潤D Zhe Zong 149 Smaller size, 16,286 4,90,6.22, 7.52 (3) P086-1100 150 Large bao. 16,290 3.75,3.75(2)

3.60,3.78, 4.26, 4.32,

R.77, 2.99, 3.83, 2.86, 151 Small bao. 16,291 Q.64, 2.80, 3.78, 3.52,

S.08, 4.62, 3.49 (15)

3.76, 3.33, 2.72, 3.09,

152 Round bao. 16,292 Q.79,3.83, 3.94, 3.48, S.11,4.03(10)

Small coin, 153 Feet of bao deficient. 16,293 3.89 b/wise. Sea1 Small characters. 154 16,294 3.43,3.39(2) Obv:紹聖元寳 qev:Crescent above. rhao Sheng AE Small characters. 155 凾浮≠?bao qev:nverted crescent 16,295 2,86,4.42, 2.78 (3) P094-97 b?撃nW.

Small characters. 156 16,296 3.51 qev:Dot above. Small characters. 157 16,297 3.93,4.30(2> qev:Dot below. Large coin, 158 Small size. 16,303 5.95,9.71, 7.44 (3) b/wise.

4.24, 3.20, 3.38, 3.96,

159 Spread feet bao. 16,307 R.94, 3.24, 3.88,・1.97, Small coin, Running S.02, 2.35, 3.97 (11) b/wise. 3.44, 4.05, 2.94, 3.49, 160 Claw feet bao. 16,308 Q.10,3.14, 3.10 (7}

208 161 Long bao. 16,309 4.67,2.54(2) Small coin,

b/wise. Large characters,刀 162 16,310 3.79 盾??「 shao distinct.

163 Rev:Plain. 16,311 4.75 Obv:紹聖元寳 164 Rev:Crecsent above. 16,312 3.85 rhao Sheng Small coin, Running 凾浮≠?bao AE b/wise Rev:Inverted Crecsent 165 16,313 2.36,4.08(2) P094-97 ≠獅?small b?撃盾浴D

モ?≠窒≠モ狽?窒刀D 166 Rev:Dot above. 16,314 4.39

167 Rev:Dot below. 16,315 3.75,3.09(2)

. Large coin, 168 c/wise,1arge coin. 16,319 4.65,6.77,6.89, 6.48(4) b/wise. Obv:紹聖通寳 yhe Zong rhao Sheng 169 Regular Small coin. 16,321 3。54, 3.12,3.04 (3) P086-1100 狽盾獅?bao AE P094-97

3.09, 4.30, 3.32, 3.17, 170 Large bao. 16,328 R.23,3.87(6)

3.43, 3.39,3.72,3.47,

Small coin, Q。56, 3.78, 4.26, 4.37, 171 Small bao。 16,329 Seal b/wise. S.03, 3.93, 2.71, 3.22, Obv:元符通寳 S.09(13) xuan Fu tong

172 b≠盾 AE Long feet bao。 16,330 3.59,4.21(2) P098-1100 173 Large coin, c/wise6 16,335 6.74, 7.22, 5.99 (3}

4.27,4.03, 2.99,4,57, 174 Spread feet bao. 16,342 Small coin, R.98,3.33,3.54 (7) Running b/wise. 4.20, 3.70,3.77,3.72, 175 Claw feet bao. 16,343 R。65,3.26(6)

176 Large coin, c/wise. 16,349 7.39, 8.11, 7.40, 6.85(4)

177 16,354 3.54, 3.89, 2.73 (3)

3.64, 4.30, 3.53, 3.23, 178 16,356 Q.26(5)

3.03, 2.84,3.62,3.34, 179 16,357 Selected varieties S.36, 2.79,3.42 (7)

≠窒窒≠獅№??by shape of 180 Small coin, 16.357a 2.81 狽??yuan. b/wise. Sea1 181 16,358 3.05

182 Obv:丁丁丁丁 16,359 3.39 Hui Zong rheng Song 183 P101-25 凾浮≠?bao AE 16,360 2。68,3.16(2) P094-97 Distinvtive and rare 184 16,361 3.39 魔≠窒奄?狽凵D

185 Large coin, c/wise. 16,369 6.81, 8.00, 8.05 (3)

186 串pread feet bao. i6,377 3.48, 2,69,3.47 (3}

2.97, 2.73,3.49, 3.55, Small coin, 187 Running Jaunty style. 16,378 S.20, 3.70,4.27, 2.74, b/wise. R.20,3.55(10)

3.63, 2.74,4.06,3.44, 188 Claw feet bao. 16,379 R.91,3.94, 3.85,3.01(8)

'209 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Small coin, 189 ”Knotted”style Song. 16,381 3.47 Obv:聖宋元寳 b/wise. rheng Song , spread 190 Running 16,382 3.21, 3.69, 3.96 (3) 凾浮≠?bao AE ????bao. P094-97 Large coin, 191 Feet of bao dots. 16,393 5.10, 7.36, 6.63, 6.50(4) b/wise. Obv:崇寧通寳 Small 60in(1 cash), c/wise. 192 16,398 3.88,3.48(2) bhong Ning Slender rlender Gold Style. AE 狽盾獅?bao fold Bottom of Chong like 9.53, 12.13,8.57, 10.51 193 16,400 P102-06 ム(he). i4)

194 Smaller size?5cash. 16,406 9.12 Obv:崇寧重寳 Large coin bhong Ning i10cash). 7.73,12.23,10.57,10.50, 195 Li Large characters. 16,407 嘯?盾獅?bao AE P1.11,9.17,9.38,7.89(8) P102-06 196 Thin chracters. 16,408 7.92,9.49,10.54,9.26(4)

3.15,3.75, 3.76, 3.63, Small coin. R.07, 3.51, 3.88, 3.85, 197 rlender Common variety. 16,418 R.98,4.09, 3.59, 3.71, fold Style. Obv:大観通寳 AE R.19,3.16(14) ca Guan tong Slender 198 b≠盾 @Gold 16,421 6.07,4.89(2) 2cash(diam. around P107-10 Large coin. R0mm). 199 Fe rlender 16,422 7.80 fold Style. 200 AE 10cash(diam.42mm)。 16,426 15.33

2.03, 1.96, 3.28, 3.72, 201 Large characters. 16,428 Q.64, 2.23, 2.95,3.43(8)

Small characters, 202 Hui Zong Seal Small coin. 16,429 2.92, 1.75, 3.17 (3) 唐曹浮≠窒?bao. P101-25 Small characters, round 203 16,430 3,17,3.32, 3.51, 3.97(4) b≠潤D

8.04,4.61,4.98,6.14, 204 Narrow rims. 16,436 Large coin. S.69,8,26, 6.00, 7.00(8) 205 Round bao. 16,437 6.89, 6.38, 5.66 (3) Head of tong merged 206 翌奄狽?the body, large 16,441 3.62, 3.85, 3.77,4.29(4)

Obv:政和通寳 モ?≠窒≠モ狽?窒刀D yheng He tong AE 3.46,3.46, 2.90,3.74, b≠盾 Small coin. Head of tong separate 207 16,442 R.21, 4.19, 3.90, 3.71, P111-17 ?窒盾?body. S.38(9) Li 政Zeng written with 208 16,444 3.68 @,not支.

209 Square bao 16,448 4.64,6.41, 7.39, 4.30(4) ,

210 Large coin. Round bao. 16,449 7.71,4.05, 5.71, 7.22(4)

211 Regular script tong, 16,450 5.51

政Zeng written with 212 Regular Small coin. 16,458 2.80 x.

Obv:宣和元寳 213 wuan He yuan Seal AE C/wise. Large characters. 16,467 3.91 b≠? 1119_25

214 Large characters. 16,470 3.44, 3.49, 3.82 (3) Obv:宣和通寳 噛 wuan He tong Small coin. 215 rea1 Round bao. 16,471 3.39,3.18, 3.29 (3) b≠盾 AE

216 P119-25 Large coin. Large size. 16,475 8.22

210 6.60, 6.87,6.44, 6.33, 217 Normal size. 16,476 T.43(5)

6.20, 5.53, 6.25, 5.88, 218 Seal Large coin. Small size, square bao. 16,477 S.04,6.72,6.49, 4.85(8)

Narrow rim, small 219 16,478 6.12,8.32(2) モ?≠窒≠モ狽?窒刀D

220 Semicircular bao. 16,482 4.00, 2.89, 3.66,3.70(4) Small coin. Head of Xuan square, 221 16.482a 3.84 唐曹浮≠窒?bao.

Obv:宣和通寳 5.98, 6.49, 6。76, 6163, 222 AE Regular size. 16,492 Hui Zong wuan He tong T.70(5) P101-25 b≠盾 223 Large coin, Small size. 16,493 6.89 P119-25 ki script Li 224 b≠潤D Long feet bao. 16,494 5.67 Tong in regular script 225 16,495 6.32,5.32(2) 翌奄狽?L.

Small characters, 陰narrow rlm. 226 Large coin, 16,497 5.63

窒?№浮撃≠窒 mall characters, broadr 227 cript bao.� 6,498� .64,6.79(2) 奄香D�

lenderG lender Gold Style,R 28� E� 6,500� .55,3.82(2) 盾撃� ?磨F陳Shan. Region.� bv:靖康二二J 奄獅?Kongy 29� ea1� arge COin, C/WiSe.� 6,507� .31 浮≠?bao1 E� in Zong1 P26-27� P26-27� bv:靖康通寳J 奄獅?Kongt 30� i� e� mall coin, iron.� 6,518� .80 盾獅?bao1 P26-27�

able 4 The Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279)

mperor Weights( o.� ype� cript� etal� eatures� eference� cate� mo. of coins)

� arge character.� 7.3� .23, 3.02, 3.58 (3) mall coin.� ine charcters,b � 7.4� .85 ea1� 窒盾≠?rim.�

.23, 5.58,4.54,5.78,4 � arge coin,3cash, large charcters.� 7.9� D80,4.18(6) vb:建炎通寳J � 奄≠?Yan tongb rdinary small coin.� 7.15� .34,2.92(2)

≠盾P E� � P27-30� variety of 17.15.� 7.17� .94

ao Zong1 mall coin, elegant characters.R � P27-62� egular� 7.22� .14 ?磨FPlain.�

� ong characters.� 7.26� .10,4.45, 5.92 (3) arge coin,2cash.� � lanting tong.� 7.27� .05,3.94(2)

� 7.36� .21 bv:紹興元寳S arge coin,2cash,S ev:Plain.� 0� ?≠?Xingy 7.37� .43,3.95(2) eaI� ?≠?Script andC 浮≠?bao1 E� ^wise.� P31-62� ev:Cresenta 1� 7.38� .83, 4.38,5.55, 5.73(4) b盾魔?D�

11 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Rev:Cresent 12 Sea1 17.39 6.17,4.64, 6.98 (3) ≠b盾魔?C dot below.

Small coin, c/wise and unofficially 2.37, 2.69, 2.17, 2.24, 13 17.43 高≠р?C Q.42,2.38(6)

14 Rev:Plain. 17.45 5.39,5.58, 2.96,3.28(4) Obv:紹興元寳 rhao Xing Rev:Cresent 15 17.46 6.83,7.54(2) 凾浮≠?bao AE ≠b盾魔?D P131-62 Regular Gao Zong Rev:Cresent 16 Large coin,2cash. 17.47 4.86, 5.95, 7.10 (3) @1127-62 ≠b盾魔?C dot below.

Kai dang yuan iOpen crutch 17 17.48 6.33 凾浮≠氏j,

qev:as above.

Obv:紹興通寳 2cash. 6.19, 5.42, 7.17, 7.99, 18 17.58 rhao Xing 噺 qev:Plain. T.14,5.68(6) Regular Large coin. 狽盾獅?bao AE 6.46,5.94(2> 19 P131-62 3cash. 17.62

Obv:隆興元寳 Normal coin, 20 Sea1 AE 17.65 4.90 kong Xing real Script. Large coin, c/wise. 凾浮≠?bao Ordinary charac- 21 Regular 17.76 6.39 P163-64 AE 狽?窒刀D

22 Rev:Plain. 17.89 4.48 Obv:高道晶晶 Seal Large coin, c/wise pian Dao Rev:Cresent 23 ≠獅?small charac- 17.91 4.75,6.75(2) 凾浮≠?bao AE ≠b盾魔?C dot below. 狽?窒刀D P163-73 24 Regular Regular Script. 17,123 5.09

Small coin. 25 Sea1 c/wise. qev:Crescent 17,159 3.64 ≠b盾魔?D

26 Small coin, c/wise. Rev:Plain. 17,185 2.86, 2.21, 2.88 (3)

3.91, 3.64, 3.90, 2.48, 27 Small coin, c/wise. 6 stroke bao. 17,186 R.79(5) qev:Crescent Xiao Zong 28 ≠b盾魔?C dot below. 7 stroke bao. 17,187 3.82 @1163-90 Rev:柴qi 29 17,189 3.25, 3.31, 3.78, 3.86(4) @ (7-1180). Rev:捌ba 30 17,190 2.13, 3.63, 3.80 (3) Obv:淳煕元寳 @ (8-1181). bhun Xi yuan Rev:九ji血 31 AE 17,191 2.99, 2.56, 3.01 (3) b≠盾 @ (9-1182). P174-89 Regular Obv:Like 17.186 Rev:十.shi 32 17,192 1。92, 2.64, 3.65 (3) Or 17.187, c/wise @ (10-1183). ≠獅?small coin. Rev:十一shi yi 33 17,193 3.31, 3.21, 3.68 (3) qev:Number for @ (11-1184). 狽??year of casting Rev:十二shi er 34 b?撃nW. 17,194 2.35, 2.56, 3.66 (3) @ (12-1185). Rev:十三shi san 35 17,195 3.82, 2.74, 3.20 (3) @ (13-1186). Rev:十四shi si 36 17,196 2.42, 3.68, 3.72 (3) @ (14-1187). Rev:十五shi wu 37 17,197 2.88,3.54, 3.68 (3> @ (15-1188).

212 Rev:十六shi Iiu 38 Regular 17,198 3.31, 2,89, 3.62 (3) @ (16-1189).

39 Rev:Plain. 17,225 7.72

Large characters. 40 qev:Cresent 17,226 6.83, 5.52,8.55 (3> Large COin, C/WiSe. ≠b盾魔?C dot below.

Small characters. 41 qev:Cresent 17,227 4.23 ≠b盾魔?C dot below.

Rev:柴qi 42 17,228 5.53 @ (7-1180). Rev:捌ba 43 17,229 6.18,6.09(2) @ (8-1181). Obv:淳二元寳 Xiao Zong bhun Xi yuan AE Rev:九jiu 44 Regular 17,230 5.85,5.76(2) @1163-90 b≠盾 @ (9-1182). P174-89 Rev:十shi 45 17,231 6.30,5.27(2) @ (10-1183).

Large coin, c/wise. Rev:十一shi yi 46 17,232 4.47,6.29(2) qev:Number for @ (11-1184). 狽??year of casting Rev:十二shi er 47 17,233 5.54,5.42(2) b?撃盾浴D @ (12-1185).

Rev:十三shi san 48 17,234 6.44,8.12(2) @ (13-1186).

Rev:十四shi si 49 17,235 6.88,6.35(2) @ (14-1187).

Rev:十五shi wu 50 17,236 4.92, 7.08,5.59 (3) @ (15-1188).

Rev:十六shi liu 51 17,237 3.90,3.84(2) @ (16-1189). Rev:正Zheng 52 Large coin, c/wise. 17,238 5.95 b?撃盾浴D Rev:元yuan 53 17,315 2.84, 3.60,3。71,3.11(4) @ (1st-1190).

F Rev:二er 54 17,316 3.41,2.96(2> Small coin, c/wise. @ (2-1191). qev:Number for Rev:三san 55 Regular 17,317 2.98, 3.80, 3.00 (3) 狽??year of casting @ (3-1192). b?撃盾浴D Rev:四si 56 17,318 2.88, 3.27, 3.66 (3) @ (4-1193).

nbv:紹煕元寳 Rev:五wu 57 Guang 17,319 3.38, 3.50, 3.73 (3) rhao Xi yuan @ (5-1194). yong AE b≠盾 Rev:元yuan 58 P190-94 17,335 5.66 P190-94 @ (1st-1190),

Rev:二er 59 Large coin(2 cash), 17,336 5.32 @ (2-1191). b/wise. Rev:三san ' 60 Regular qev:Number for 17,337 7.75,6.70,5.32, 7.40(4) @ (3-1192). 狽??year of casting

b?撃盾浴D Rev:四si 61 17,338 6.65,6.51(2) @ (4-1193).

62 Rev:五wu 17,339 7.71, 4.04,6.41 (3) @ (5-1194). qev:兀yμan 一 63 17,385 4.23,3.08,3.52, 3.33(4) @ (1st-1195).

213 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Rev:二er 64 17,386 3,49, 3.44, 3.06 (3) @ (2-1196).

Rev:三.san 2.95,3.42(2) 65 @ (合.1197). 17,387 Small coin, c/wise. qev:Number for Rev:四si 66 17,388 3.98, 3.40, 3.59 (3) 狽??year of casting @ (4-1198). b?撃盾浴D Rev:五wu 67 17,389 3.78, 3.57, 3.33 (3) @ (5-1199).

Rev:六liu 68 17,390 2.62, 2.75, 2.95, 2.87(4) @ (5-1200).

脚 qev:兀yuan 一 69 17,414 5.60 Obv:慶元通寳 @ (1st-1195). ping Yuan Rev:二er 70 Regular AE 17,415 7.93,6.67(2) 狽盾獅?bao @ (2-1196). P195-1200 karge coin(2 cash), Rev:三san 71 b/wise. 17,416 4.31,5.04, 6.42 (3) @ (3-1197). qev:Number for 狽??year of casting Rev:四si 72 17,417 6.74 b?撃盾浴D @ (4-1198). Rev:五wu 73 17,418 6.04 @ (5-1199)。

Rev:六1iu 74 17,419 4,77,5.37(2) @ (5-1200).

Large coin(3 cash). Rev:四si 75 17,445 10.34, 10.62 (2) @ (4-1198). Ning qev:Number for 狽??year of casting Rev:五wu 76 @Zong 17,446 8.77 b?撃盾浴D P195-1224 @ (5-1199). qev:兀yuan 一 77 17,482 3.17, 2.32, 3.40, 3.46(4) @ (1st-1201).

Small coin. Rev:二er 78 17,483 3.58,3.33(2) qev:Number for @ (2-1202). 狽??year of casting Rev:三san 79 17,484 3.26, 2.94, 2.65, 4.18(4) ≠b盾魔?D @ (3-1203).

Obv:嘉泰通寳 Rev:四si $0 17,485 3.00, 3.35, 3.51 (3) iia Tai tong @ (4-1204). Regular b≠U AE qev:兀yuan 一 81 17,492 5.12,5.84(2) P201-04 @ (1st-1201),

Large coin(2 cash). Rev:二er 82 17,493 4.91,6.34(2) qev:Number for @ (2-1202). 狽??year of casting Rev:三san 83 17,494 6.91, 7.06, 5.93 (3) ≠b盾魔?D @ (3-1203).

Rev:四si 84 17,495 5.72,6.77(2> @ (4-1204).

一 85 qev:兀yuan 17,508 2.67,3.03, 3.25, 2.88(4) Sma11 coin, c/wise. @ (1st-1205). qev:Number for Rev:二er 86 17,509 3.32,4.00, 3.57 (3) Obv:開禧通寳 狽??year of casting @ (2-1206). ≠b盾魔?D jai Xi tong Rev:三san 87 Regular AE 17,510 3.91, 3.74, 4.65 (3> b≠盾 @ (34207). P205-07 Large coin(2 cash), qev:兀yuan 一 88 17,517 6.12,5.98(2) b/wise. @ (1st-1205). qev:Number for 狽??year of casting Rev:二er 89 17,518 6.59 ≠b盾魔?D @ (2-1206),

214 Rev:三san 90 17,519 3.74 Obv:開禧通寳 AE @ (3-1207). jai Xi tong Regular Rev:二er b≠盾 Large coin(2 cash). 91 Fe i2-1206)above. 17,525 4.88 P205-07 qev:H:an above. lint:Hanyang. qev:兀yuan 一 92 17,539 3.20, 3.78,3.60,4.04(4) @ (1st-1208).

Rev:二er 93 17,540 2.58, 2.57,4.64, 3。41(4) @ (2-1209). Rev:三san 94 17,541 3.23, 3.10, 3.55 (3) @ (3-1210).

Rev:四si 95 17,542 3.55 @ (4-1211). Rev:五wu 96 17,543 3.19, 3.89, 4.21 (3) Small coin. @ (5-1212). qev:Number for Rev:六liu 97 17,544 2.48,4.06,2.94 (3) 狽??year of casting @ (6-1213). ≠b盾魔?^below. Rev:七qi 98 17,545 3.33,3.50(2) @ (7-1214). Rev:八ba 99 17,546 3.27, 3.49,3.50 (3) @ (8-1215)。

Rev:九jiu 100 17,547 3.20,3.65(2) @ (9-1216) Rev:十shi 101 17,548 3。15, 3.22, 3.43 (3) @ (10-1217).

Ning Obv:嘉定通寳 Rev:十一shi yi 102 17,549 3,39, 2.38, 3.71 (3) @Zong iia Ding tong Regular AE @ (11-1218). P195-1224 b≠盾 Rev:十二shi er 103 17,550 2.88, 2.63, 2.63 (3) P208-24 @ (12-1219). Rev:十三shi san 104 17,551 2.71,3.74,3.40 (3) @ (13-1220)。 Rev:十四shi si 105 17,552 3.20 @ (14-1221). qev:兀yuan 一 106 17,554 4.62,7.96(2) @ (1st-1208). Rev:三san 107 17,556 7.47,6.51(2) @ (3-1210). Rev:四si 108 17,557 6.92,5.77(2) @ (4-1211). Rev:五wu 109 17,558 7.76, 6.80, 6.91 (3> @ (5-1212). Rev:六liu 110 17,559 7.25 Large coin(2 cash). @ (6-1213). qev:Number for Rev:七qi 111 17,560 7.11,3.75(2) 狽??year of casting @ (7-1214). ≠b盾魔?^below. Rev:八ba 112 17,561 6.46,6.11(2> @ (8-1215). Rev:九jiu 113 17,562 5.70,7.02(2) @ (9-1216). Rev:十shi 114 17,563 5.51 @ (10-1217). Rev:十一shi yi 115 17,564 5.59,5.98(2) @ (11-1218). Rev:十二shi er 116 17,565 7.80 @ (12-1219).

215 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambrid' №

Obv:嘉定通寳 Rev:十三shi san 117 Ning 17,566 5.32,4.30, 6.12, 6.60(4> iia Ding tong @ (13-1220). @Zong Regular AE b≠盾 Rev:十四shi si 118 P195-1224 17,567 3.67 P208-24 @ (14-1221).

qev:兀yuan 一 119 17,679 3.46,4.03, 3.97 (3) Small coin, c/wise. @ (1st-1225). qev:Number for Rev:二er 120 17,680 3.50 狽??year of casting @ (2-1226).

b?撃盾浴D Obv:大叶元寳 Rev:三san 121 17,681 3.32,3.79(2) ca Song yuan @ (3-1227). Regular AE b≠盾 一 qev:兀yuan 6.12 122 P225-27 17,687 Large COin, C/WiSe. @ (1st-1225). qev:Number for Rev:二er 123 17,688 5.95 狽??year of casting @ (2-1226).

b?撃盾浴D Rev:三san 124 17,689 5.14,4.43(2) @ (3-1227). qev:兀yuan 一 125 17,696 3.57,3.75(2) @ (1st-1228). Rev:二er 126 17,697 3.52, 3.86, 3.13 (3) @ (2-1229). Small coin, qev:Number for Rev:三san 127 17,698 2.83,3.64, 3.05, 2.44(4) 狽??year of casting @ (3-1230). ≠b盾魔?D Rev:四si 128 17,699 3.61,4.16, 3.11 (3) @ (4-1231). Rev:五wu 129 Li Zong 17,700 3.83,3.35, 3.24 (3) P225-64 @ (5-1232). Obv:紹四通寳 Regular AE Rev:六liヒ 130 17,701 3.86, 1,84, 3.41 (3) rhao Ding @ (6-1233). 狽盾獅?bao qev:兀yuan 一 131 P228-33 17,713 6.50,5.01, 7.42 (3> @ (1st-1228). Rev:二er 132 17,714 4.91,7.36(2> @ (2-1229).

Large coi耳(2 cash). Rev:三san 133 17,715 5.74, 5.69, 7.55 (3) qev:Number for @ (3-1230). 狽??year of casting Rev:四si 134 17,716 7.79,5.14(2> ≠b盾魔?D @ (4-1231). Rev:五wu 135 17,717 6.45,6.54(2) @ (5-1232).

Rev:六liu 136 17,718 3.87 @ (6-1233).

Obv:端平元寳 Small coin, c/wise. cuan Ping qev:Number for qev:兀yuan 一 137 Regular 17,721 3.87,4.17,4.48,3.47(4) 凾浮≠?bao AE 狽??year of casting @ (1st-1234).

P234-36 b?撃盾浴D

Obv:端平通寳 138 Long bao. 17,741 12.17 cuan Ping 5cash. Regular AE 狽盾獅?bao qev:Plain. 139 Regular bao. 71,742 10.70 P234-36 qev:兀yuan 一 140 17,751 3.21,3.17, 3.43 (3) @ (1st-1237). Obv:嘉煕通寳 Small coin. iia Xi tong qev:Number for Rev:二er 141 Regular 17,752 3.93, 3.73, 2.66,3.35(4) b≠盾 AE 狽??year of(iasting @ (2-1238). P237-40 ≠b盾魔?D Rev:三san 142 17,753 3.35,2.80,4.04 (3> @ (3-1239).

216 Obv:嘉煕通寳 Rev:四si 143 17,754 3.40,3.02(2) iia Xi tong @ (4-1240). Regular AE b≠盾 Rev:四si 144 Large coin(2 cash). 17,758 5.21 P237-40 @(4-1240)above. qev:兀yuan 一 145 17,778 2.96, 2.60, 3.35 (3) @ (1st-1241).

Rev:二er 146 17,779 3,20,3.39(2) @ (2-1242), Rev:三san 147 17,780 3.05, 3.62, 2.80 (3) @ (3-1243).

‘ Rev:四si P48 17,781 2.78, 2,91, 3,07 (3) @ (4-1244).

149 Rev:五wu 17,782 2.20, 3.01, 3.59 (3) Small coin, c/wise. @ (5-1245). qev:Number for Rev:六liu 150 17,783 2.97 狽??year of casting @ (6-1246). ≠b盾魔?^below. Rev:七qi 151 17,784 3.49 @ (7-1247). Rev:八ba 152 17,785 3.72 @ (8-1248).

Rev:九jiu 153 17,786 3.42,3。60(2) @ (9-1249). Rev:十shi 154 Obv:淳祐元寳 17,787 3.67, 3.20, 3.60, 3.23(4》 @ (10-1250). bhun You Rev:十一shi yi 155 Li Zong 凾浮≠?bao 17,788 3.34, 3.44,3.24 (3) @ (11-1251), P225-64 P241.52 Regular AE Rev:十二shi er 156 17,789 3.39, 3.55, 3.61 (3) @ (12-1252).

一 157 qev:兀yuan 17,790 3.96, 5.39, 6。71 (3) @ (1st-1241).

Rev:二er 158 17,791 6.17 @ (2-1242).

Rev:四si 159 17,793 4.73 @ (4-1244). Rev:五wu 160 Large coin(2 cash), 17,794 4,23,4.68(2) @ (5-1245). b/wise. Rev:六1iu 161 qev:Number for 17,795 5.49 @ (6-1246). 狽??year of casting ≠b盾魔?^below. Rev:七qi 162 17,796 4.60 @ (7-1247). Rev:八ba 163 17,797 5.27 @ (8-1248). Rev:九jiu 164 17,798 7.44,4.11(2) @ (9-1249).

@ 7 Rev:十shi 165 17,799 4.60 @ (10-1250).

166 illegible 6.42 Coarse characters. ?17.790-801. 167 illegible 5.05 qev:兀yuan 一 168 17,813 3.34,4.20(2) Obv:寸歩寸寸 Small coin, c/wise. @ (1st-1253). guang Song qev:Number for Rev:二er 169 Regular 17,814 2.40,3.63(2) 凾浮≠撃?bao AE 狽??year of casting @ (2-1254). P253-58 ≠b盾魔?^belOW. Rev:三san 170 17,815 2.23, 3.38,3.04 (3) @ (3-1255).

217 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Rev:四si 171 17,816 3.22,3.03, 3.49, 4.14(4) Small coin, c/wise. @ (4-1256). qev:Number for Rev:五wu 172 17,817 2.28, 2.68, 3.39 (3) 狽??year of casting @ (5-1257). ≠b盾魔?^below. Rev:六liu 173 17,818 3.58,3.28, 3.41, 3.60(4) @ (6-1258).

174 ?17.812-818. i11egible 2.49 qev:兀yuan 一 175 Obv:皇子元寳 17,821 4.38 @ (1st-1253). guang Song Regular AE Rev:二er 176 凾浮≠?bao 17,822 5.31,4.21(2) @ (2-1254). P253-58 Large coin(2 cash), b/WiSe, narrOW Rev:三san 177 17,823 4.62,5.06(2) 窒奄香D @ (3-1255). qev:Number for Rev:四si 178 17,824 6.66,4.59(2) 狽??year of casting @ (4-1256). ≠b盾魔?^below. Rev:五wu 179 17,825 5.54 @ (5-1257). Rev:六liu 180 17,826 5.05,5.42(2) @ (6-1258).

Obv:開慶通寳 Sma11(1 cash) 181 17,827 3.55,3.04,4.24 (3) jai Qing tong 一 モ盾奄氏D Regular AE qev:兀yuan b≠盾 @ (1st-1259). Large(2 cash) 182 17,828 3.97,4.31(2) P259 モ盾奄氏D

一 183 qev:兀yuan 17,830 2.91, 3.67, 3.41, 3.50(4) Li Zong @ (1st-1260). P225-64 Small coin. Rev:二er 184 17,831 3.31,4.30, 3.16 (3) qev:Number for @ (2-1261). 狽??year of casting Rev:三san 185 17,832 3.37, 2.91, 3.34 (3) ≠b盾魔?^below. @ (3-1262). Rev:四si 186 Obv:景定元寳 17,833 2.22,3.11(2) @ (4-1263). iing Ding Regular AE 187 凾浮≠?bao Rev:五wu 17,834 3.95 @ (5-1264). P260-64 188 Large coin(2 cash). Rev:Plain. 17,835 4.02 Rev:元yuan 189 17,836 5.18 @ (1st-1260). Rev:二er 190 17,837 4.52 Large coin(2 cash). @ (2-1261). qev:Number for Rev:三san 191 17,838 5.06,4,96, 5.98, 5.09(4) 狽??year of casting @ (3-1262). ≠b盾魔?^below. qev:四si 唱 192 17,839 5.62,5.72(2) @ (4-1263). Rev:五wu 193 17,840 4.75 @ (5-1264). Rev:元yuan 194 17,841 3.41, 3.79, 2.82 (3) @ (1st-1265).

Obv:成淳元寳 Small coin. Rev:二er 2.79, 2.83, 3.45, 3.07, 195 17,842 Du Zong wian Chun qev:Number for @ (2-1266). P.76(5) Regular AE P265-74 凾浮≠?bao 狽??year of casting Rev:三san 196 17,843 3.10, 2.93, 3.20 (3} P265-74 ≠b盾魔?D @ (3-1267).

Rev:四si 197 17,844 2.80,3.44(2> @ (4-1268).

218 198 Rev:五wu 17,845 2.28,2.74(2) @ (5-1269).

Small coin. Rev:六liu 199 17,846 3.08 qev:Number for @ (6-1270)。 狽??year of casting Rev:七qi 200 17,847 3.31,3.19(2) ≠b盾魔?D @ (7-1271).

Rev:八ba 201 17,848 3.03, 2.75, 2.98 (3) @ (8-1272).

202 Large coin(2 cash). Rev:Plain. 17,849 4.06

qev:兀yuan 一 203 17,850 5.50,4.17(2) @ (1st-1265). Obv:威淳一画 Rev:二er 204 Du Zong wian Chun 17,851 5.19, 5.91, 4,51 (3) Regular @ (2-1266). P265-74 凾浮≠?bao AE P265-74 Rev:三san 205 17,852 5.30 @ (3-1267).

Large coin(2 cash). Rev:四si 206 17,853 6.42,3.48,4.63 (3) qev:Number for @ (4-1268). 狽??year of casting Rev:五wu 207 17,854 4.20, 3.39, 3.88 (3) ≠b盾魔?D @ (5-1269).

Rev:六1iu 208 17,855 4.49,4.43(2) @ (6-1270)。

Rev:七qi 209 17,856 5.36,4.52(2) @ (7-1271).

Rev:八ba 210 17,857 3.28 @ (8-1272).

Table 5 The Tartar Dynasties(1032-1227)

Emperor Weights No. Dynasty Type Script Meta1 Features Reference @Date iNo. of coins) Obv:威雍通寳 wian Yong 1 18.14 3.88 狽盾獅?bao AE Dao Zong P065-74 P055-1101 Obv:大安元寳 Liao wian Yong c/wise, poor 2 Regular Small安An. 18.17 3.06 X07-1125 狽盾獅?bao AE 翌盾窒汲高≠獅唐?奄吹D P085-94 Obv:乾統元寳 Tian Zuo pian Tong 3 AE 18.21 2.48 P101-25 凾浮≠?bao

P101-1110 @ . 一 . Obv:正隆元寳 Wan Yan c/wise, the bottom yheng Long 3.25, 3.48, 2.46, 3.24, 4 @ Liang Regular ?盾窒奄嘯盾獅狽≠?stroke doesn't 18.40 凾浮≠?bao AE R.78(5) @1149-61 垂窒盾狽浮р?to the left. P158-61

5 Rev:Plain. 18.42 3.70, 3.51,3.47, 2.75(4> Rev:申Shen 6 18.43 3.55 Jin ≠b盾魔?D P115-1234 Obv:大定通寳 Rev:申Shen 7 1cash. 18.44 3.03 Shi Zong ca Ding tong b?撃盾浴D Regular P161-90 b≠盾 AE Rev:酉You 8 18.47 3.16,3.55(2) P178-89 ≠b盾魔?D

9 Rev:酉You 18.48 2.88,2.98(2) b?撃盾浴D

10 2cashl 18.53 4.17

219 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Obv:泰和丁丁 Jin Zhang Zong Tai He zhong o 18.49, 18.03, 19.62 (3) 11 Seal 10 cash, narrow 獅窒氏D 18.63 P115-1234 @1190-1209 b≠ AE 1204-9 Obv:天盛元寳 Ren Zong Tian Sheng 12 Regular 18.97 3.27,3.07(2) P139-93 凾浮≠?bao AE 1149-69 The Obv:天慶元寳 Western Huan Zong Tian Qing Rev:Crescent 13 Regular AE C/wise. 18,107 3.39 @ Xia P194-1206 凾浮≠?bao ≠b盾魔?D 1032-1227 1194-1206 Obv:皇建元寳 Xiang Zong Huang Jian 14 Regular 18,108 4.07 @ 1206-11 凾浮≠?bao AE 1210-11

Table 6 The Yuan Dynasty (1280-1368)

Emperor Weights No. Type Script Meta1 Features Reference @Date iNo. of coins)

Obv:大朝通寳 This coin is alleged to have been cast Mongol 1 ca Chao tong Regular b?the legendary Ghengis Khan at 19.1 2.88 jhans AR b≠??1206-27 ?奄?capita1.

Obv:(Mongol) Shi Zu 褐ウ通寳寳Zhi 2 Mongol Regular coin 3 cash size. 19.15 9.83 P260-94 xuan tong bao AE P285-94

Cheng Obv:大徳通寳 3 @Zong ca De tong bao Regular AE Regular coin, broad rims. 19.30 5.30 P294-1307 P297-1307

3.97, 3.82, 3.39,3.37, 4 Obv:至大通論 Regular 1cash size. 19.39 R.09,4.55, 3.98 (7) yhi Da tong Regular b≠盾 AE モ盾奄氏D Slender Gold calligraph一脚ic style. 5 Wu Zong P310-11 Regular 19.42 3.33 P308-11 Obv:(Mongol) 23.63, 19.14, 18.03, 蛹ウ通寳 6 Mongol '10cash, narrow rim. 19.46 Q3.35, 20.32, 19.12 ca Yuan tong AE i6) b≠?1310-11

1cash size. 7 19.94 3.20,3.12(2) qev:Maw(1351) Mongol 1cash size. 8 翌盾窒?on re- 19.95 3.89 qev:Shin(1352) 魔?窒唐?above

?盾?the cycli- 2cash size. 9 6.35 Regular, モ≠?charac. 19.99 rlender qev:Maw(1351) Obv:至正通寳寳 狽?窒?for the Shun fold 2cash size. 10 yhi Zheng tong 凾?≠?of cast- 19,102 5.24 P333-68 @calli- AE qev:U(1354) b≠?from 1350 奄獅〟D №窒≠垂?奄メ 3cash size. 11 19,105 11.69 @style. qev:Shin(ユ352)

Various Rev: Rhi above, 二 12 4.66,5.53(2) longol・ ・ ■lnscrlptlons 19,108 b?撃nW.

?盾?date or Rev:Sam above,三 13 19,109 11.83 р?獅盾高奄獅≠狽奄盾氏C b?撃nW.

220 10cash. 14 Obv:Coarse characters. 19,115 26.50 Obv:至正通寳寳 Rev:Shi above. Zhi Zheng tong Regular, AE bao from 1350 Slender Shun Gold 10cash. 15 19,117 31.90, 31.50 (2> P333-68 モ≠撃撃沿 qev:Seu above, dot and十below. graphic style. Obv:至正之寳 Rev:吉Ji above,灌鋤Quan 16 Zhi Zheng Zhi AE Chao right ahd伍鏡Wu qian 19,124 178.04 Bao from 1350 1eft.

Obv:音琶鳳通寳 Han 17 P」ong Feng tong Regular 3cash size. 19,132 12.19 Lin@ , er AE bao 1355-66

? 18 Obv:大元至冶 Regular AE 供養鏡Charm. J310.2上 4.74

Table 7 The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

Emperor Weights No. Type Script Metal Features Reference @Date iNo. of coins)

Seven stroke bei, ・ 盾獅?dot tong and 1 20.1 Q.94,3.09(2) ?奄獅?calligraphy. 1cash. qev:Plain.

Rev:北平Bei Ping 2 20.4 3.30 ≠b盾魔?D :Peking.

3 4.85,5.41(2) Zhu Obv:大中通寳 2cash. Rev:Plain. 20.13 xuanzhang ca Zhong tong 4 Regular 5cash. qev:Plain. 20.33 15.32 Cas Prince b≠盾 AE

5 @of Wu P361-68 Rev:十shi above. 20.45 21.20

Rev:十廣Shi Guang 6 ≠b盾魔?and right, 20.52 18.65 10cash. lint:Guandong,

Rev:桂十Gui shi 7 ≠b盾魔?and below. 20.53 19.92 lint:

3.12, 3.66, 3.82, 3.27,

Obv:One dot tong, Q.76, 3.03, 3.06, 2.97, 8 20.57 窒?№浮撃≠?Wu. Q.20, 3.01,3.33,3.64,

R.01,3.25,3.01, 3。74(16)

9 ?20.61-63 illegible 2.83

10 Obv:洪武通寳 Rev:一銭i Yi qian right. 20.60 2.91,2.82(2) Tai Zu gong Wu tong Regular AE 1cash. P368-98 Rev:北平Bei Ping 4.14, 2.70,2.36,3.27 11 b≠ 20.62 ≠b盾魔?D Mint=Peking. i4)

Rev:那Eabove. 12 20.63 3.00 lint: province.

Obv:圷er bao. 13 qev:福Fu below. 20.64 3.26 lint: province.

221 Chinese Coins in the FitzWilliam Museum, Cambridge

Obv:缶 fou bao. 14 qev:福Fu below. 20.65 3.10 lint:Fujian province.

Rev:桂Gui above. 15 1cash, 20.67 2.61,2.26(2) lint:Guilin.

Rev:漸Zhe above. 16 lint: oprovlnce・ 20.71 2.96, 3.51, 2.80 (3)

Rev:二福Er Fu above 17 2cash. ≠獅?below. 20.79 7.34 Obv:洪武通寳 lint:Fujian prQvince. Tai Zu gong Wu tong Regular AE Rev:三鏡San qian 18 P368-98 3cash. 20.87 10.62,8。40 (2) b≠ 窒奄№?煤D

19 Rev:三三福San Fu above 20.91 9.84 3cash. ≠獅?below. 20 lint:Fujian oP「OVInce・ 21 Smaller than usua11. 20.91 9.66 22

5cash. Rev:五二Wu Fu above 23 lint:Fujian .provlnce. 20,103 15.05 ≠獅?below.

10cash. Rev:十福Shi Fu above 24 lint:Fujian ・provlnce・ 20,115 29.23 ≠獅?below.

25 Obv:永樂通寳 Regular size. 20,121 2.78, 2.81, 4.49 (3) Cheng Zu xong Le tong Regular P403-24 AE 3.08, 2.43, 2.81, 3.28, 26 Large size. 20,122 b≠ R.57, 2.83, 335, 3.43(8)

Xuan Obv:宣徳通寳 3.54,4.11, 3.96, 2.75,. 27 yong wuan De tong Regular 20,123 AE S.04(5) P426-35 b≠

2radical of治written with two 3.31, 2.98, 5.32, 4.01, 28 Obv:弘治通寳 20.124噛 Xiao Zong 唐狽窒盾汲??the Ming coin. R.76(5) gong Zhi tong Regular AE P488-1505 7radical of治written with three 29 b≠ 20,125 3.68,2.44(2) 唐狽窒盾汲??aVietnamese product.

Obv:嘉靖通寳 4.43,4.80, 3.40, 4.41, 30 Shi Zong Regular type. 20,128 iia Jing tong Regular 16ash. R.51,3.01(6> P522-67 AE 31 b≠ Angular script. 20,129 3.11,4.40, 4.36 (3)

Obv:隆慶通寳 Mu Zong 32 kong Qing tong Regular Rev:Plain. 20,138 3.48, 4.01, 4.61 (3) P567-72 AE b≠

4.17,3.71,4.21,4.23, 33 20,140 Regular characters. S.2マ,3.57, 3.83 (7) Rev:Plain.

34 Large characters. 20,141 5.05, 3.19, 4.17 (3)

35 Rev:Large dot above. 20,142 4.73 Shen Obv:萬暦通寳 36 @Zong van Li tong Regular AE Rev:Small dot above. 20,143 3.31,3.57(2) P573-1620 b≠ 37 .Rev:Crescent above. 20,149 3.59

Rev:工Gong above. 38 20,152 3.66 lint:The Board of Works.

39 Small coin,2cash size coin. 20,167 4.06,3.80(2)

222 40 Rev:Plain, one dot to119. 20,168 4.03,4.15(2) Guang Obv:泰昌通寳 41 yong sai Chang tong Regular AE Rev:Dot above, on rim of hole. 20,171 3.41 P620 b≠ 42 Rev:Dot above. 20,172 3.49

3.43, 3.64, 2.49,3.05, 43 Regular characters. 20,180 R.52, 2.91, 3.26, 2.43, Q.51,3.34,3,10 (11}

Coarse characters. 1cash. 44 rmaller and thicker 20.180a 4.91,3.20(2) qev:Plain. 狽?≠?usual.

45 Large characters. 20,181 3.40

46 Large size. 20,182 5.56,5.00(2}

47 Rev:Dot above. 20,183 3.61

48 Rev:Dot below. 20,185 3。49,3.64(2)

qev: 一 Hu above. 49 lint:The Board of 20,193 2.46,3.31(2) qevenue.

Rev:工Gong above. 50 lint:The Board of 20,195 3.25 vorks.

Rev:工Gong below. ■1cash. 1.86, 2.08, 2.94, 3.07, 51 lint:The Board of 20,196 P.96(5) Obv:天啓通寳 vorks. Xi Zong sian Qi tong Regular P621-27 AE b≠ Rev:lnverted工Gong 52 ≠b盾魔?D Mint:The 20,197 1.74,1.42(2> aoard of Works. Rev:Large院Yuan 53 20,202 2.70,3.23(2) ≠b盾魔?D

qev:五Yun } above. 54 20,203 3.02, 3.31, 3.35, 5.38(4) lint: province.

Rev:漸Zhe above. 55 lint:Zhejiang ●provlnce・ 20,204 3.73

Rev:鎮Zhen above. lint:Attributed to 56 20,205 4.32 uariOUS garriSOn mintS

奄?

Rev:i壼銭i Yi qian right 57 20,206 2.98 ≠獅?left.

Rev:Yi qian above and 58 20,212 2.34 b?撃盾浴D

Rev:一字一分Yi qian 59 凾?fen right and left. 20,215 2.12 lint:New.

60 2cash. Rev:Incuse circle right. 20,224 5.31

61 10cash. Rev:十Shi above. 20,226 27.00

223 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Rev:十こ口i above,一爾 62 Obv:天啓通寳 20,229 34.24,32.39,32.88 (3) Xi Zong xi liang right. sian Qi tong Regular 10cash. P621-27 AE b≠ Rev:密Mi left. 63 20,231 34.04 lint:Miyun.

3.04,4.13, 3.00, 3.88, 64 Rev:Plain. 20,235 R.62(5)

Rev:官Guan above. 65 ネZhen. 20,237 3.61,3.77(2) lint:Tongguanshan. karger coin, 66 モ撃盾唐??head Rev:官Guan above, 20,238 2.81 ≠獅?one dot モ窒?唐モ?獅?below. 20,238 2.67 67 狽盾獅〟D lint:Tongguanshan.

Rev:楡Yu above. 68 20,239 3.07 lint:Yulin prefecture.

ネZhen. 6.23, 5.76, 5.93, 6.02 69 Rev:二Er right. 20,243 Qcash. i4)

2.68,3.03, 2.82, 2.59, 70 Rev:Plain. 20,248 R.25,2.03(6)

71 Rev:Circle above. 20,249 2.43,2.96(2>

Rev:乙Yi above. 72 20,251 3.08, 3.35, 3.62, 3.32(4) ウfor the date 1635.

Rev:戊Wu above. 73 20,255 3.43,3.09(2) 閧?盾?the date 1638.

Rev:己Ji above. 74 20,256 3.86,3.33(2) ネfor the date 1639.

qev:Yi . above,鏡qian 75 20,261 2.71, 2.76, 2.42 (3) Obv:崇禎通寳 b?撃nW. Si Zong bhong Zhen Regular P628-44 AE Rev:Yi qian right. 狽盾獅?bao 76 pian abbreviated like 20,263 3.26, 3.26, 3.47 (3) ネZhen. ヘ.

rmaller coin, Avariety of 20.263.一不:Zhen. 3.17, 3.58, 2。57 (3) 77 モ撃盾唐??head 20.263a

≠獅?one dot ev:Yi above, qianb 狽盾獅〟D 78 ?撃盾浴D Qiana 0,264� .13,3.17(2) nbverse bb窒?魔奄≠狽??like力.� モ≠撃撃奄№窒≠垂?凾

s 20.2350 ?磨F 一R Hu above.M .19, 2.92, 2.67 (3) 9� ?20.248.� 奄獅煤FThe Board ofR 0,266�

?魔?獅浮?D�

ev:新Xin above.M .08, 2.26, 2.30, 3.45,3 0� 0,267� 奄獅煤FNew.� D71,3。12(6)

ev:工Gong below.M 1� 奄獅煤FThe Board ofW 0,269� .46, 2.30, 2.81, 2.98(4) 盾窒汲刀D�

mall character.R 2� ?磨F府Fu above.M 0,273� .60,3.99(2) 奄獅煤FXuanfu.�

ev:重Chong above.M 3� 0,274� .64, 3.16, 2.51, 2.31(4) 奄獅煤FChongqing.�

ev:重Chong above,d 4� � 盾?below.M 0,276� .10,3.97(2) 奄獅煤FChongqing.�

24 Rev:廣Guang above. 85 lint: ● 20,278 2.02,1.94(2)

垂窒盾魔撃獅モ?E

86 Rev:季Ji below. 20,281 1.44,2.45(2)

Rev:加Jia above. 87 20,283 3.60,2.98(2) lint:Jiazhou.

Rev:濾しu above. 88 20,285 2.89, 3.00, 3.78 (3) lint:Luzhou.

Rev:濾しu below, dot 89 ≠b盾魔?D 20,288 3.26,3.96(2) lint:Luzhou.

2.05, 1。84, 2.63, 1.48, 90 Rev:Plain. 20,292 Q.58,1.74(6)

Avariety of 20.292. 91 boarse characters. 20.292a 2.28 rmaller than usua1.

3.28, 2.44, 3.61, 3.36,

92 Rev:Dot above. 20,293 R.52, 3.72, 3.46, 4。47, ネZhen, R.86,1.82(10) blosed head, Dot above, on the rim 93 20.293a 2.24 狽翌?dot 盾?hole.

狽盾獅〟D Avariety of 20.293.一7JくZhen, 94 20.293b 5.15

Rev:工Gong above. 3.28, 1.83, 2.18, 1.91, 95 lint:The Board of 20,295 Q.24, 2.37, 2.04, 3.63

Obv:崇禎通寳 i8) Si Zong vorks, bhong Zhen Regular AE P628-44 Rev:貴Gui above. 3.36, 3.79, 3.79, 3.29, 96 狽盾獅?bao 20,296 lint: province. R.01, 2.91, 3.19 (7) Rev:局Ju above. 97 20,298 2.14,2,89(2) lint:?Nanking. ネZhen. Rev:鷹Ying above. 98 rquare head 20,301 2.88 lint:Yingtian. 狽盾獅〟D

99 Rev:Plain. 20,302 2.59, 2.36, 2.10 (3)

Rev:Inverted crescent 100 20,303 5.45 ≠b盾魔?C

5.88, 7.18, 6.62, 5.55 101 Rev:Dot above. 20,305 i4}

Rev:Dot in circle 102 20,306 2.04 b?撃盾浴D

Rev:Dot in circle 103 20.306a 1.84 一不Zhen. ≠b盾魔?D blosed head, 2.48, 2.23, 2.47, 2.25, 104 Rev:捌Ba(fen)below. 20,308 盾獅?dot tong. Q.26(5) Avariety of 20.308。 105 l Zhen, thicker than 20。308a 2.62 Q0,308.

Avariety of 20.308. 106 qev:Dot above,捌Ba 20.308b 2.35, 2.65, 1.28 (3> b?撃盾浴B

qev: 一 Hu above. 107 lint:The Board of 20,309 2.90 qevenue.

225 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

R6v:戸Hu below. 108 lint:The Board of 20,310 2.72,2.86(2) qevenue.

Rev:戸善Hu Jiu above 109 ≠獅?below. 20,311 2.23,2.61(2) lint:Old.

一州Zhen. Rev:新Xin above. 110 20,312 2.81, 3.79, 1.84 (3) blosed head, lint:New. 盾獅?dot tong. Rev:共Gong below. 111 20,314 3.17 lint:Gongqing. Rev:江二Jiang er 112 ≠b盾魔?and right. 20,315 2.30 lint:Chaojing. Rev:清忠Qing zhong 113 Obv:崇禎通寳 20,317 2.39,2.46(2) Si Zong ≠b盾魔?and below. bhong Zhen Regular P628-44 AE 114 20,318 2.08 狽盾獅?bao Rev:忠Zhong above.

Avariate of 20.319 ・ . 115 一不Zhen. 20.319a 2.73 orotruding head tong.

116 illegible 1.71 Coarse characters, smaller than 浮唐浮≠?size. ?Private casting. 117 illegible 1.24

一丁Zhen. 118 blosed head, Rev:青Qing below. 20,324 2.58,3.05(2) 狽翌?dot tong. 一刀てZhen. 119 20,333 2.41,2.88(2) rquare Rev:Dot above, ??≠пC.two 120 Rev:季Ji above. 20,334 3.76,2.51(2) р盾?tong.

121 Rev:Running horse below. 20,355 1.84

Table 8 The Southern Ming and Qing Rebels (1644一 1681)

Rebel Weights No. Type Script Meta1 Features Reference 撃?≠р? C(No. of coins)

Obv:永昌通寳 Li xong Chang Yong written two lines 1 Regular AE 1cash. 21.3 2.51 yicheng 狽盾獅?bao ≠?the tOP. P644-45

2 Obv:大順通寳 Rev:Plain. 21.5 4.58, 2.67, 3.75 (3) Zhang ca Shun tong Regular AE wianzhong b≠盾 Rev:工Gong below. 4.31,5.09, 3.63,4.46, 3 21.8 P644-47 lint:The Board of Works. R.71(5)

1cash. 4 qev:工Gong Diam.28mm. 21.9 3.59 b?撃盾浴D lint:The Obv:興朝通寳 5 aoard of 21.10 4.76,4.88, 4.52 (3) Sun wing Chao tong Diam.26mm. Regular AE vorks. jewang b≠盾 P648-57 5cash. Rev:五厘.Wu li above and 6 21.12 8.40 b?撃盾浴D

10cash. Rev:壼分Yi fen above and 7 21.13 24.85 b?撃盾浴D

226 弓component of弘orthodox. 8 21.16 3.75,3.48(2) swo dot tong. Obv:弘光通寳 Regular The Prince gong Guang Second stroke of弓long. 9 21.18 1.73 @ of Fu 狽盾獅?bao AE qev:plain. P644-45 Obverse written in Li script. 10 Li 21.23 2.38,2.54(2> qev:鳳Feng above.

11 Obv:大明通寳 Rev:Plain. 21.25 2.03,4.38(2) The Prince ca Ming tong Regular @ of Lu b≠盾 AE qev: 一 Hu above. 12 P644-46 21.26 3.75,2.24(2) lint:The Board of Revenue.

The bottom component of long 翌窒奄狽狽??like生sheng. Square 13 21.34 3.21,3.49(2) ??≠?tong. Rev:工Gong above. lint:The Board of Works.

14 One dot tong, 21.35 2.78 Obv:隆武通寳 Two dot tong. 15 The Prince kong Wu tong The bottom 21.36 3.80,3.72(2) Regular AE qev:Dot above. 盾?Tang b≠盾 モ盾高垂盾獅?獅?of P645-46 撃盾獅?written Square head tong. qev:戸Hu above. 16 ≠盗ウzheng. 21.37 2.75,3.38(2) lint:The Board of qevenue.

17 2cash, one dot tong. Rev:Plain. 21.41 6.36,6,37(2)

Small coin. 18 21.46 2.63,2。61(2) qev:Plain.

一 Closed head, qev: Hu above. 19 21.47 3.83,3,26(2) 盾獅?dot tong. lint:The Board of qevenue.

Rev:工Gong above. 21.48. 20 lint:The Board of 4.57,4.89(2) vorks. Rev:工Gong below. 21 lint:The Board of 21.51 2.50 vorks. Obv:永暦通寳 Closed head, Prince xong Li tong 狽翌?dot tong. Avariety of 20.5. 22 Regular AE 21.51a 3.59 xongming b≠盾 nne dot tong. 23 P646-59 二水yong. 21.53 4.18

24 珍Zhen in bao. 21.54 4.10,4.98(2>

25 Rev:道Dao above. 21.65 1.87

26 The Imperial Rev:明Ming above. 21.69 2.96,3.90(2)

27 lessage coin, Rev:定Ding above. 21.71 5.89

28 Rev:國Gao above. 21.72 3.16,2.15(2) 10cash. 29 21.77 25.04 qev:七厘Yi Diam~45mm. ???above 30. 21.79 10.47 ≠獅?below. Diam~35mm.

3.87,4.27,3.73,3.34, 31 Rev:Plain. 21.85 R。15, 5.00, 3.72 (7) Obv:利用通寳 Wu ki Yong tong Closed head, Different writing of 32 Regular AE 21.86 4.14 rangui b≠盾 狽翌?dot tong. 狽盾獅〟D P674-78 33 Rev:厘Li right. 21.87 4.08, 2.73,3.96 (3)

227 Chinese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

34 Rev:厘Li left. 21.88 3.61,3.60(2) Closed head, Rev:雲Yun right. 35 狽翌?dot tQng. 21.89 5.00,4.29, 4.29 (3) lint:Yunnan-fu.

36 21.90 3.95,3.20, 3.52 (3) Closed head, Rev:Plain. 盾獅?dot tong. Two dot tong. 37 Obv:利用通寳 21.91a 3.62, 3.60, 4.03 (3> P・iYong tong qev:厘Li right. Regular AE 38 b≠盾 21.93 4.62,5.19(2) Square head, Rev:厘Li right, P674-78 狽翌?dot tong. Rev:貴Gui above. 39 21.94 2.93, 3.62, 2.65 (3) lint:Guizhou. Wu Closed head, Rev:二厘Er Li right 3.73,4.33, 4.27, 5.49, 40 rangui 盾獅?dot tong. 21.95 ≠獅?left. R.85,5.20(6)

Square head Rev:五厘Wu Li above 41 21.96a 6.57 狽盾獅〟D ≠獅?below.

42 Rev:Plain. 21,105 4.05,3.53, 3.49, 2.91(4) Closed head, two dot tong. Rev:工Gong below. 43 Obv:昭武通寳 lint:The Board of 21,106 3。00,3.01(2) yhao Wu tong vorks. Regular AE b≠盾 Obv:Dot of wu above 44 Closed head, 21,107 2.70,2.59(2) P678 狽??line like 」ヒ. one dot tong. Obv:Dot of wu below 45 21,108 4.15, 3.74, 2.35 (3) 狽??line.

46 21,112 3.10,3.62(2)

47 Rev:Plain. 21,113 4.47 Obv:洪イヒ通解 48 Closed head, 21,114 3.69, 3.61, 1.82 (3) Wu gong Hua tong Regular 狽翌?dot tong. b≠盾 AE Rev:戸Hu right. First 49 rhifan 21,117 4.37,3.57(2) P679-81 唐狽窒盾汲?of Hu oblique. Rev:工Gong right, 50 lint:The Board of 21,118 3.81 vorks. 1cash. 51 21,122 4.08,4.23, 3.75 (3) qev:Plain. Obv:裕面通寳 10cash. 52 Geng xu Min tong Mint: 21,123 4.91,4.66(2> Regular AE qev:一分Yi fen right. iihgzhong b≠盾 eujian. P674-76 100cash. T3 qev:壼銭i Yi qian right 21,124 15.44, 15.66 (2)

≠獅?left.

228