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Prémio De Mérito Científico Comunicação e Sociedade LUSOFONIA E INTERCULTURALIDADE PROMESSA E TRAVESSIA Moisés de Lemos Martins (Coord.) No atual contexto da globalização, que é uma realidade comandada LUSOFONIA E INTERCULTURALIDADE pelas tecnologias da informação e cuja natureza é eminentemente económico-fi nanceira, os estudos lusófonos impõem, pelo menos, três direções complementares de investigação. Cingindo-nos a um ponto de vista pós-colonial, podemos interrogar, por um lado, as narrativas lusófonas como construção, a várias vozes, de uma comunidade geocultural transnacional e transcontinental. EE Podemos interrogar, igualmente, as políticas da língua e da PRÉMIO DE MÉRITO CIENTÍFICO - 2016 comunicação como combate simbólico pela afi rmação de uma UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO comunidade plural, na diversidade de povos que falam o Português. E podemos interrogar, ainda, a complexidade do movimento de Atribuído ao coordenador desta edição interpenetração das culturas. Um tal movimento compreende, com MOISÉS DE LEMOS MARTINS gradações diversas, colonialismo, neocolonialismo e pós-colonialismo, na relação entre povos, e traduz, de igual maneira, encontro, assimilação e dominação, na interação entre nós e o outro. Lusofonia e Interculturalidade. Promessa e Travessia, obra coordenada por Moisés de Lemos Martins, inscreve-se neste campo de E TRAVESSIA PROMESSA investigação dos estudos lusófonos, misturando distintos regimes do olhar, específi cos das Ciências Sociais e Humanas, que vão da sócio- -antropologia, à psicologia social, à ciência política e às ciências da comunicação, e da linguística, aos estudos literários, à história e às ciências da educação. PROMESSA E TRAVESSIA Coordenação de Moisés de Lemos Martins LUSO- FONIA E INTER- CULTURA- LIDADE PROMESSA E TRAVESSIA Coordenação Moisés de Lemos Martins A Coleção Comunicação e Sociedade é dirigida por Moisés de Lemos Martins, do Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade da Universidade do Minho. LUSOFONIA E INTERCULTURALIDADE – PROMESSA E TRAVESSIA Coordenação: Moisés de Lemos Martins Capa: António Modesto © EDIÇÕES HÚMUS, 2015 Apartado 7081 – 4764 ‑908 Ribeirão – V. N. Famalicão Tel. 926 375 305 E mail: [email protected] Impressão: Papelmunde, SMG, Lda. – V. N. Famalicão 1. ª edição: Novembro de 2015 Depósito legal: 399999/15 ISBN: 978‑989‑755‑180‑2 Esta coleção resulta da colaboração entre as Edições Húmus e o Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade. ÍNDICE 07 Apresentação: Lusofonias – Reinvenção de Comunidades e Combate Linguístico‑Cultural Moisés de Lemos Martins 25 I.PARTE NARRATIVAS DA LUSOFONIA 27 Média digitais e lusofonia Moisés de Lemos Martins 57 Narrativas da Lusofonia: memória e identidade na telenovela brasileira Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes 75 Entre‑fronteiras: o cinema como lugar xeo‑político Margarita Ledo Andión 89 Histórias de mulheres do Brasil contemporâneo: as heroínas de hoje Ana Carolina Escosteguy 103 Se a Lusofonia é um sonho, quem é o sonhador? De uma poética da lusofonia e de uma lusofonia poética Luísa Marinho Antunes 113 Liminaridade e descentramento: identidades lusófonas e suas narrativas Luís Cunha 129 Lusofonia e Literatura: haverá cânone(s) lusófono(s)? Annabela Rita 153 Da necessidade de desconstrução do “equívoco lusocêntrico” Lurdes Macedo 177 II. PARTE POLÍTICAS DA LÍNGUA 179 Cidadania e comunicação na crise do milênio: os desafios da comunidade acadêmica no espaço lusófono José Marques de Melo 197 Política linguística: Terra de ninguém, terra de todos. Notas a partir de um posto de observação moçambicano Armando Jorge Lopes 227 O editor de livros e a promoção da cultura lusófona. A trajetória de Francisco Alves (1848‑1917) Aníbal Bragança 245 Sugestões de critérios convergentes prévios para a formação e definição de um cânone lusófono Fernando Cristóvão 253 Língua e imaginário: uma questão de comunicação Juremir Machado da Silva 263 Políticas linguísticas no âmbito da lusofonia Neusa Barbosa Bastos 279 Televisão, política linguística e direito à informação: desafios para o ensino da comunicação em Moçambique Eliseu Mabasso 295 “À mistura estão as pessoas”: Lusofonia, política linguística e internacionalização Regina Pires de Brito 313 Lusofonia e globalização. A possibilidade de refazer utopias José Eduardo Franco 333 III.PARTE INTERCULTURALIDADE E REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS 335 Representações sociais da história nacional. Estudos comparativos em contexto lusófono Rosa Cabecinhas 355 Imprensa jornalística das colônias de expressão portuguesa: Visão de conjunto Antonio Hohlfeldt 375 ‘Como seiva viva em tronco forte’. A Agência Noticiosa Lusitânia e o projeto imperial do Estado Novo Maria Manuel Baptista 387 Fluxos culturais assimétricos e reflexões comunitárias Benjamin Abdala Junior 405 Imaginário Lusófono e portugalidade no consumo de massas em Portugal Isabel Ferin Cunha 433 A Lusofonia enquanto experiência estética. Considerações em torno da existência de um cânone lusófono José Carlos Venâncio 451 A mensagem luso‑tropical do colonialismo português tardio: o papel da propaganda e da censura Cláudia Castelo 471 Uma travessia pelo sertão lusófono Paulo Bernardo Vaz 485 Pós‑colonialismo e o desafio das fronteiras midiáticas. As intervenções de Mia Couto, diálogos verbais e escritos Vera Lucia Harabagi Hanna APRESENTAÇÃO LUSOFONIAS – REINVENÇÃO DE COMUNIDADES E COMBATE LINGUÍSTICO-CULTURAL PRESENTATION LUSOPHONIES – COMMUNITIES REINVENTION AND LINGUISTIC-CULTURAL STRUGGLE Moisés de Lemos Martins UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO/CECS Lusofonia e Interculturalidade. Promessa e Travessia debate a questão lusófona, em três aspetos principais. No atual contexto da globalização, que é uma realidade de cariz eminentemente económico-financeiro, comandada pelas tecnologias da informação, esta obra interroga o sentido das nar- rativas (literárias e mediáticas, e também das narrativas de histórias de vida) sobre a construção de uma comunidade geocultural transnacional e transcontinental lusófona. Interroga, igualmente, as políticas da língua e da comunicação como combate simbólico pela afirmação de uma comu- nidade plural, na diversidade de povos e culturas lusófonas. E interroga, ainda, a complexidade do movimento de interpenetração das culturas, o qual, com gradações diversas, que compreendem colonialismo, neocolo- nialismo e pós-colonialismo, na relação entre povos, traduz o encontro, a assimilação e a dominação, na interação entre nós e o outro. Sendo este o plano geral da obra Lusofonia e Interculturalidade, mistu- ram-se nela distintos regimes do olhar, específicos das Ciências Sociais e Humanas, que vão da sócio-antropologia, à psicologia social, à ciência política e às ciências da comunicação, e da linguística, aos estudos literários, à história e às ciências da educação. Os investigadores convidados para esta coletânea refletem a partir de diferentes contextos nacionais, mas movem-se todos no espaço pluricon- tinental em que a língua portuguesa é língua oficial. Na maior parte dos casos trata-se de estudiosos que há dezenas de anos interrogam o modo 7 MOISÉS DE LEMOS MARTINS como o Português modelou a história e a cultura de diferentes povos e se estabeleceu como fator da sua identidade, ou seja, como tempo e como espaço que os situa, histórica e culturalmente. Na senda dos estudos pós-coloniais, pode dizer-se que Lusofonia e Interculturalidade interroga a interpenetração identitária de nós com o outro, aberta pela expansão portuguesa dos séculos XV e XVI, uma realidade complexa e contraditória, onde se misturam águas ainda revoltas e em convulsão 1. Projetando a Lusofonia como realidade híbrida, miscegenada, e como construção, Luso- fonia e Interculturalidade assume, todavia, o risco de comprovar a conhecida tese atribuída a Bernard Shaw, de que podemos ter uma língua comum para mais facilmente nos desentendermos 2. Na comunidade lusófona, de mais de 250 milhões de falantes, apenas uma minoria concebe as suas pertenças a partir da língua comum. Nes- tas circunstâncias, podemos perguntar-nos se o lugar da Lusofonia pode ser coisa diferente de um lugar de “luso-afonias”, para falar como Mia Couto (2009). Ou seja, podemos perguntar-nos se o lugar da Lusofonia pode ser outra coisa que um lugar de não conhecimento e de não reco- 1 Sobre a complexidade e o caráter controverso do termo e do conceito Lusofonia, assim como sobre a sua contextualização, no quadro das várias fonias (Francofonia, Anglofonia e Hispanofonia), escreveu Carlos Alberto Faraco, linguista brasileiro, o texto “Lusofonia: utopia ou quimera? Língua, história e política”. E caracteriza- -a, com marcada ironia e distanciamento: “Diz-se Lusofonia com uma vibração especial das cordas do coração, com um senso de lírica pertença a uma indefinida comunidade transnacional e intercontinental unida pelo imaginário da mesma língua e de tudo que o acompanha” (Faraco, 2012: 32). O linguista português Ivo Castro (2010) é, todavia, muito ácido relativamente ao sentido geral do texto de Carlos Alberto Faraco, vendo nele “um forte ataque à ideia de Lusofonia” (Castro, Ibid.: 66), e também o “pretexto” para combater “a política de cooperação no ensino e na difusão da língua promovida por Portugal, sobretudo através do Instituto Camões” (Ibid.: 68). 2 Convoco aqui uma notável paráfrase de Mia Couto (2007) a uma conhecida citação atribuída a Bernard Shaw: “England and America are two countries separated by a common language” [Inglaterra e Estados Unidos são dois países separados por uma língua comum]. Afirma Mia Couto: “Detenho-me na palavra descoloniza- ção […] Ainda hoje, para muitos portugueses o que aconteceu em África
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