DOCSLIB.ORG

A Large Empty Space Surrounded by Buildings Connected with One Another Either Directly Or Through Verandas - More Common in Northern Chinese Architecture B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Large Empty Space Surrounded by Buildings Connected with One Another Either Directly Or Through Verandas - More Common in Northern Chinese Architecture B Architectural Characteristics 1. Courtyard and Sky wells a. Open courtyard - A large empty space surrounded by buildings connected with one another either directly or through verandas - More common in northern Chinese architecture b. "Sky well" - A relatively small enclosed courtyard which offer small opening to the sky through the roof space from the floor up - More common in southern China 2. Hierarchical - importance and uses of buildings are based on the strict placement of buildings in a property/complex a. Orientation of Doors - Facing the front (important) - Facing the sides (less important) - Facing the rear (least important) b. Location of Buildings - At the back of properties are more important : a. Elder members of the family b. Celebratory rites c. Ancestral plaques - In front of the property: typically for servants and kitchen c. Courtyard Location - central courtyard are more important than peripheral ones 3. Horizontal Emphasis - Emphasis on the breadth and less on height with close heavy platform and a large roof that floats over this base with vertical walls not well emphasized - Stresses the visual impact of the width of the buildings to denote the all-embracing nature of imperial China 4. Mythical Concepts - Feng shui and mythic elements in the construction and layout of Chinese architecture. This includes the use of: a. Screen walls to face the main entrance of the house, which stems from the belief that evil things travel on straight lines b. Talismans and fortuitous imagery: 1) Door gods on doorways to ward evil and encourage the flow of good fortune 2) Fu Lu Shou - Taoist concept which denotes the attributes of the good life: good fortune, prosperity and longevity Craft: Techniques & Materials 1. Jian - "Bay" - The interval/ space between four columns and is the basic module of a Chinese dwelling - This space is both a two-dimensional floor space and is also a volumetric measure of the void defined by the floor, the columns, and the beams set across the columns - More than a structural unit, this type of measurement is used by carpenters as a design module to be duplicated in series to form the overall layout at ground level and on the floor above - This ultimately regulates the overall size of common dwellings and fashions their visual proportions - The use of this structural unit enforces a discipline, an order, on the building, standardizing the timber construction members and facilitating their assembly 4 Chinese Architecture Page 1 2. Foundations - Following building traditions, reaching back at least as far as the Shang dynasty, a tamped earth foundation or podium at ground level or slightly elevated is considered the necessary base - A dry tamped foundation can be achieved using troughs and sometimes underground conduits to drain water - Stone foundation or wall footings are commonly laid along tamped perimeter of Chinese dwelling/structures in an effort to reduce the absorption of soil moisture by the walls 3. Chinese Building Fundamentals - Chinese builders span and enclose space using a variety of building solutions to collect the forces of gravity and transmit them to the ground a. Load-bearing walls Directly carries the weight of the roof and/or upper stories b. Wooden structural frameworks Sustain the load of upper storeys and the roof independently of the walls Utilize freestanding lightweight interior walls separate from the load-bearing columns 4. Walls - Can be either: a. Load-bearing Walls which directly support the roof structure, often thick with few breaks for windows or doors b. Non load-bearing Walls that encircle the wooden structural framework or placed between pillars - Common materials used: Tamped earth or a composite material ► "hangtu" - method of constructing solid walls involving piling freshly dug earth into a slightly battered caisson or box frame Adobe ► Permits greater variations in construction form ► Widely used by poorer peasants Kiln-dried brick ► Walls made up of this material usually have larger and more numerous openings for windows and doors Vegetable origin ► Use of bamboo, kaoliang or cornstalks to form a curtain wall that bears no load from above Wood, Grasses Stone Wooden structural framework Bamboo matting Wattle Daub ► used to form the curtained enclosure 5. Wooden Structural Frameworks - Framing systems: a. Pillars and Beams (tailang or liangzhu) Also known as post and lintel Simplest A pair of pillars supporting a horizontal beam upon which are set short vertical posts or struts to lift another beam, upon which is fitted another strut, and on these are fitted five purlins which define the slope of the roof and across which the roof rafters are laid b. Pillars and Transverse tie beams (chuandou) Differs from other framing system in three important manner: i) The roof purlins which support the rafters and roof itself rest directly on notched pillars rather than on beams or struts ii) The number of pillars is greater iii) Horizontal tie beam members are mortised directly into or tenoned through the multiple pillars to form an interlocked matrix that inhibits skewing of the frame 4 Chinese Architecture Page 2 Construction System 1. Dougong Brackets - Structural system of brackets found between the top of a column and a cross beam - Each is formed of a double bow-shaped arm (gong) which supports a block of wood (dou) on each side - Fixed layer upon layer, the arrangements bear the load of the roof - Highly resistant to earthquakes Roof Craft: Techniques and Materials 1. Firm mountain(Yingshan ding) □ Most common roof profile 2. Overhanging gable (Xuanshan ding) □ Combined with the use of overhanging eaves on the facade to offer a degree of protection from both rain and sun 3. Horse's head walls(matou qiang) □ Orignated as fire walls to retard the spread of sweeping roof fires in adjacent dwellings, temples, clan halls and other buildings in towns and nucleated villages Construction System Three main types: 1. Straight inclined □ Roofs with a single incline □ Prevalent in commoner architectures 2. Multi-inclined □ Roofs with two or more sections of incline □ Used in higher class constructions, from the dwellings of wealthy commoner to palaces 3. Sweeping □ Roofs with a sweeping curvature that rises at the corners of the roof □ Reserved for temples and palaces although it may also be found in the homes of the wealthy Building Types Commoners 1. Tulou □ "earth dwelling" □ "round stronghouse" □ A large, enclosed and fortified earth building with very thick load-bearing rammed earth walls □ Smaller interior buildings contain halls, storehouses, wells and living areas □ Well-ventilated, windproof and earthquake- proof □ Has only one main gate, guarded by 4-5 inch thick wooden doors reinforced with an outer shell of iron plate □ Top level of these earth buildings has gun holes for defensive purposes 4 Chinese Architecture Page 3 4 Chinese Architecture Page 4 2. Siheyuan 1 Main entrance 2 Rooms facing the rear 3 First courtyard for cooking Second courtyard was a living space 4 Rooms for the sons and daughters 5 Inner Hall for greeting guests and family ceremonies 6 Main building Living space for parents 7 Small side rooms Used for children and extended family members Parts of a Chinese Dwelling Symbol and Tradition Wuji Ridge roof Jia - Chinese word for both home the dwelling, Chuanzi Rafter and family related members of the Jilin Ridge pole household who occupies it - Shelters the household, providing it with a Lin Purlins haven from the changing forces of nature Liang Main beam - A dwelling is symbolic of family unity and Shan qiang Gable wall sanctuary - A public statement of status as well as a Zhuzi Pillar/ post tangible expression of the family's aspiration Chuanggezi Lattice window - Is it a dynamic entity that expresses in Chuang-hu Solid window varying degrees the changing relationships within the family Chuang tai Window sill - Symbolizing and accommodating evolving Qiang Wall hierarchical patterns - Taijie Steps In the organization of the layout of a Chinese dwelling and/or structure, the individual is Menken Threshold essentially disregarded with space defined Menkuang Door frame more broadly in terms of family rather than personal needs and use Men Door Menmei Lintel Yan Eaves 4 Chinese Architecture Page 5 Imperial - Palaces Architectural features that were reserved solely for buildings built for the Emperor of China 1. Color coding - Yello w roof tiles - Red wooden columns and wall surfaces - Black often used in pagodas . They believe the gods are inspired by the black color to descend on to the earth 2. Dougong brackets - A feature shared only with the largest of religious buildings 3. Five-clawed dragon - Adopted by the first Ming emperor for his personal use - Used as decoration on the beams, pillars and on the doors 4. Nine jian - Jian: Space between two columns 5. Five arches - Only the gates used by the Emperor could have five arches - Center arch reserved for the Emperor himself 6. Orientation - Buildings faced the south because the north had a cold wind - Important of the east (direction of the rising sun) in orienting and siting Imperial buildings is a form of solar worship 7. Numerology - Heavily influenced Imperial architecture - Hence the use of nine in much of construction, as nine being the greatest single digit number The Forbidden City - Built in 1406 to 1420 - Consists of 980 surviving buildings - 8, 707 bays of rooms - 720 000 square meters - Declared a world heritage site in 1987 - Largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world Tiananmen Square - Extensive open area in central Beijing, China - World's largest public square - Adjacent to Forbidden City - Site of festivals, rallies and demonstrations - In 1989, Chinese troops fired on an estimated 2 000+ student demonstrators:( Gate of Heavenly Peace - Famous monument in Beijing - Widely used as a national symbol 4 Chinese Architecture Page 6 Religious 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lesson #1: Architecture Features Through the Ages
    Unit Two: History of Architecture and Building Codes Lesson #1: Architecture Features Through the Ages Objectives Students will be able to… . Summarize the architecture features through Stone Ages to Neo-Classical Time. Common Core Standards LS 11-12.6 RSIT 11-12.2 RLST 11-12.2 Problem Solving/Critical Thinking 5.4 Health and Safety 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.12 Technical Knowledge and Skills 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 Residential and Commercial Construction Pathway D2.1, D2.8, D2.9, D3.1, D3.2, D3.3, D3.4, D3.7 Responsibility and Leadership 7.4, 9.3 Materials Architecture Features Through the Ages Power Point https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ab4f485df -0d78-4fa9-9509-0b9ea3e1952c Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet Lesson Sequence . Introduce to students that a specific architectural style is characterized by a collection of design details. These details include size and shape of windows, the size and placement of a porch, and the presence or absence of columns. Review the Architecture Features Through the Ages PowerPoint with students. Have students fill in the Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet while reviewing the power point. Discuss and answer any questions students may have along the way. © BITA: A program promoted by California Homebuilding Foundation BUILDING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY: YEAR TWO CURRICULUM Assessment Check for understanding while presenting PowerPoint. Grade student worksheets. Reteach and clarify any misunderstandings as needed. Accommodations/Modifications Check for Understanding One on One Support Peer Support Extra Time If Needed © BITA: A program promoted by California Homebuilding Foundation BUILDING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY: YEAR TWO CURRICULUM Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet As you watch the PowerPoint on Architectural Features Through the Ages fill in summary with the correct answers.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture Terms
    Architecture Terms ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● What is Architecture What is Architecture Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Form as defined by the book- an object that can be defined in 3 dimensions. Informal- not according to the prescribed, official, or customary way or manner; irregular; unofficial: FORMAL-INFORMAL Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. FORMAL-INFORMAL Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. FORMAL-INFORMAL Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. FORMAL-INFORMAL Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. FORMAL-INFORMAL Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. FORMAL-INFORMAL Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Timber Use in the Chinese Gardens and Architecture
    Timber Use in the Chinese Gardens and Architecture 木材在中国园林及建筑中的应用 Ying JIANG 2012.05 CAUPD CAUPD • 1、Reasons why timber constructions appear and become mainstream in China • 为什么中国会发展出木结构建筑并形成主流 • 2 The development of timber constructions in ancient China • 木结构建筑在中国古代的发展 • 3 The development of timber constructions in ancient China • 木结构建筑在中国近现代的发展 • 4 The advantages of timber • 木材的优点 • 5 Conclusion • 结语 CAUPD • 1、Reasons why timber constructions appear and become mainstream in China • 为什么中国会发展出木结构建筑并形成主流 In the ancient times, the weather and geographical condition is suitable for growing Climate plants in the Yellow River basin. 气候 Hydrology 水文 Geography The dense forest and river here make it easy to get raw 地理 materials and transport them. CAUPD • 1、Reasons why timber constructions appear and become mainstream in China • 为什么中国会发展出木结构建筑并形成主流 Cutting easy Timber becomes 采伐容易 the first choice to build houses processing easy because it is lighter 加工容易 and more easily to cut and process. Light weight 重量轻 Mining hard 开采困难 processing hard 加工困难 heavy weight 重量沉 CAUPD • 1、Reasons why timber constructions appear and become mainstream in China • 为什么中国会发展出木结构建筑并形成主流 The Chinese philosophy- Taoism believes that the basic substances metal that compose the world are metal, wood, water, fire and soil, and each of them corresponds to one of the five direction. Soil represents Central on behalf of the load of all earth things and soil would have a earth water high status. Five elements of wood represent east and symbol of spring and vitality; while Gold acting on behalf of the West and a symbol of force and punishment to kill; water, fire for the intangible thing, therefore, the five elements fire wood represent the most advocates of the five substances, only "soil" and "wood" is the most suitable for the construction of housing people live.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Structures
    Basic Structures What is a structure? The structure of a building is the part which is responsible for maintaining the original shape of the building under the influence of the forces, loads and other environmental factors to which is subjected. Examples of structural components include: _Steel beams, columnsm roof trusses ans space frames _Reinforced concrete beams, columns, retaining walls and foundations Below picture shows the Lower Manhattan skyline in New York, one of the greatest concentrations of high-rise buildings in the world. Space limitations on the island meant building construction had to proceed upwards rather than outwards, and the presence of solid rock made foundations for these soaring structures feasible. [Image below: Lower Manhattan skyline in New York, USA] Structural understanding The basic function of a structure is to transmit loads from the position of application of the load to the point of support and thus to the foundations in the ground. Any structure must satisfy the following criteria: 01// Aesthetics (it must look nice). 02// Ease of maintenance. 03// Durability. This means that the materials used must be resistant to corrosion, spalling (pieces falling off), chemical attack, rot. 04// Fire resistance. While few materials can completely resist the effects of fire, it is important for a building to resist fire long enough for its occupants to be safely evacuated. [Image below: Roof structure of Quartier 206 shopping mall, Berlin, Germany] Safety and serviceability There are two main requirements of any structure: it must be safe and it must be serviceable. Safe means that the structure should not collapse Serviceability means that the structure should not deform unduly under the effects of defl ection, cracking or vibration.
    [Show full text]
  • Post – and – Lintel *
    Post – and – lintel * The simplest illustration of load and support in construction is the post – and – lintel system, in which two upright members (posts, columns, piers) hold up a third member ( lintel, beam, girder, rafter) laid horizontally across their top surface. This is the basis for the evolution of all openings. But, in its pure form, the post – and – lintel is seen only in colonnades and in framed structures, since the posts of doors, windows, ceilings, and roofs are part of the wall. The job of the lintel is to bear the loads that rest on it (and its own load) without deforming or breaking. Failure occurs only when the material is too weak or the lintel is too long. Lintels composed of materials that are weak in bending, such as stone, must be short, while lintels in materials that are strong in bending, such as steel, may span far greater openings. Masonry lintels are inefficient because they must depend on the cohesiveness of mortar, which is weaker than the blocks it bonds; so, in masonry construction, lintels of monolithic (single – slab) stone, wood, and stronger materials are employed . The job of the post is to support the lintel and its loads without crushing or buckling. Failure occurs, as in lintels, from excessive weakness or length, but the difference is that the material must be especially strong in compression. Stone, which has this property, is more versatile as a post than as a lintel; under heavy loads it is superior to wood but not to iron, steel, or reinforced concrete.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Classical Architectural Vocabulary
    Classical Architectural Vocabulary The five classical orders The five orders pictured to the left follow a specific architectural hierarchy. The ascending orders, pictured left to right, are: Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. The Greeks only used the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian; the Romans added the ‘bookend’ orders of the Tuscan and Composite. In classical architecture the selected architectural order for a building defined not only the columns but also the overall proportions of a building in regards to height. Although most temples used only one order, it was not uncommon in Roman architecture to mix orders on a building. For example, the Colosseum has three stacked orders: Doric on the ground, Ionic on the second level and Corinthian on the upper level. column In classical architecture, a cylindrical support consisting of a base (except in Greek Doric), shaft, and capital. It is a post, pillar or strut that supports a load along its longitudinal axis. The Architecture of A. Palladio in Four Books, Leoni (London) 1742, Book 1, plate 8. Doric order Ionic order Corinthian order The oldest and simplest of the five The classical order originated by the The slenderest and most ornate of the classical orders, developed in Greece in Ionian Greeks, characterized by its capital three Greek orders, characterized by a bell- the 7th century B.C. and later imitated with large volutes (scrolls), a fascinated shaped capital with volutes and two rows by the Romans. The Roman Doric is entablature, continuous frieze, usually of acanthus leaves, and with an elaborate characterized by sturdy proportions, a dentils in the cornice, and by its elegant cornice.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Society Through Social Spaces: Concrete Construction
    Concrete Chapter—Mary Ann Eaverly Abstract The most popular building material in the world today, concrete was first developed and exploited by the ancient Romans who used it to create monumental public spaces such as the Colosseum. The design of Roman concrete structures reinforced Roman ideas about social status and imperial power. This chapter explores the rich history of concrete and its legacy in the modern world, touching upon the role of concrete in ancient Rome, today’s technical advances in concrete construction, and concrete’s environmental drawbacks. The chapter also examines how concrete construction is shaped by societal ideals today, just as it was by societal ideas in ancient Rome. Engineering Society through Social Spaces: Concrete Construction Introduction Pourable, moldable, durable, waterproof, and relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture, concrete is the world’s most popular building material. We live, work, and play on and in buildings and roads constructed from it. Architects exploit its properties to create artistic tour de forces as well as utilitarian monuments (FIGURE 1). Figure 1. The Guggenheim Museum, New York City Concrete is such a part of our daily lives that we may not stop to think about who invented it or why builders create certain types of buildings from it and not others. Is there a connection between buildings and larger societal forces? Have you ever wondered why we use concrete the way we do? Do buildings reflect a society’s ideals for social organization? To try to answer these questions we need to examine the role concrete played in the society that first developed it— ancient Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.0 Architectural Contexts 3.1 Architectural Styles 3.1
    3.0 ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXTS From tiny structures to soaring commercial towers, the architectural styles ofthe City ofJackson's downtown span more than 150 years. While not every building is an example of an idelltifiable architectural style, many are. To assist the readerin understanding the variety ofarchitectural forms fOUlld witllin the project area, the more prevalent and most distinctive forms are defined and illustrated below. 3.1 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES 3.1.1 Italianate AltllOUgll tIle Italianate style experienced its greatest popularity between 1850 alld 1880, alnlost every city across tIle country boasts at least Olle commercial building in this style (Blumenson 1983:37). Italianate commercial buildings utilizedmany ofthe architectural forms and details oftIle residential arcllitecture developed at the same time. Among the most familiar elements associated with the style are the bracketed cornice, tall heavily molded doors, and round or segmelltal arched windows with hoodmolds (Gordon 1992:86). Advances in technology also furthered the popularity ofthe Italianate style through developments in castiron andpressedmetal technology. Tllis allowed nlerchants to have inexpensive ornamentation rather than the traditional carved stone (Poppeliers et al. 1981:20). Examples ofthe Italianate style can be found at 105 E. Michigan and 225 N. Jackson (Figures 3.1.1-1 and 3.1.1-2). 3.1.2 Romanesque Revival Illspiration for a number ofthe architectural styles ofthe nineteenth century were drawn from tIle historic buildings ofEurope. Inthe mid-nineteenth century, architects turnedto the medieval round­ arclled style known as Romanesque for inspiration. The resulting Romallesque Revival style was popular in the Ullited States from as early as 1840thtough 1900 (Blumensoll 1983:43;,Gordon 1992:81).
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Classicism by Clive Aslet
    Features June 2018 The future of classicism by Clive Aslet On the state and prospect of classical architecture. lassicism is a broad river that has run through Western architecture for two-and-a-half C millennia. A generation ago it seemed that the stream had reduced to a trickle. Only a small phalanx of recondite architects really understood the classical language of architecture; they were generally employed by private patrons whose social as well as architectural ideas were not at the cutting edge. And yet now, if not quite in full spate, the river has recaptured a degree of vigor. The flow has quickened, the banks are beginning to brim. What has happened, and what does the future hold? Since this represents a revival, a word should be said on this subject at the outset. Revivals are a constant—indeed inevitable—theme of classical architecture, to the point of being almost a defining feature. Even Greek architecture, later regarded as the fons et origo of the classical system, evolved out of—and harked back to—an ancient tradition, now lost. It may have been deliberately archaic, using past forms beyond their natural sell-by date. To engineers, post-and-lintel construction, which forms the basis of all Greek architecture, is inferior to the arch, which can be built cheaper, using smaller pieces of stone. And yet the Greeks cannot have used it in ignorance of the arch; arches were being used elsewhere in the ancient world and travelers must have seen them. Trabeation had a meaning for the Greeks, perhaps rooted in earlier phases of their culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Monitoring and Safety Assessment During Translocation of Mahavira Hall of Jade Buddha Temple
    sustainability Article Structural Monitoring and Safety Assessment during Translocation of Mahavira Hall of Jade Buddha Temple Rui Zhang 1, Songtao Xue 1,2, Liyu Xie 1,* , Fengliang Zhang 3 and Wensheng Lu 1 1 Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; [email protected] (R.Z.); [email protected] (S.X.); [email protected] (W.L.) 2 Department of Architecture, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai 982-8577, Japan 3 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-21-6598-2390 Received: 20 August 2019; Accepted: 30 September 2019; Published: 2 October 2019 Abstract: The Mahavira Hall of the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai, China is a century-old traditional timber structure with a post-and-lintel construction. To improve the temple’s architectural layout and enhance the lintel structural integrity, the Mahavira Hall was moved 30.66 m and then elevated 1.05 m in September 2017. To assist in the structural translocation and uplift, the authors designed a monitoring system to continuously measure the relative displacement and inclination of the overall structure, individual components, and inside statues to ensure the integrity of the hall and its contents. This article presents and summarizes the priority issues and principles of monitoring the ancient Chinese timber structure. The time series of monitored data are decimated in order to minimize the fluctuation of data. The structural integrity of the Mahavira Hall was evaluated based on the inclination angle of its vital members.
    [Show full text]
  • Façade View Rear View
    NORTH CAROLINA STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE Office of Archives and History Department of Natural and Cultural Resources NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Dr. Neil M. and Nancy Elizabeth Culbreth House Whiteville, Columbus County, CB0130, Listed 1/5/2016 Nomination by Jennifer Martin Photographs by Jennifer Martin, October 2014 Façade view Rear view NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking “x” in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter “N/A” for “not applicable.” For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Culbreth, Dr. Neil and Nancy Elizabeth, House other names/site number The Oaks 2. Location street & number 251 Washington Street n/a not for publication city or town Whiteville n/a vicinity state North Carolina code NC county Columbus code 047 zip code 28472 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set for in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • A REVIEW ANALYSIS of ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE Mir Mohammad Azad1 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering
    International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management Vol.3, No.2, pp.48-58, June 2015 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) A REVIEW ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE Mir Mohammad Azad1 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering Abhik Barua2 2Department of Interior Architecture Shrmin Sultana3 3Department of Interior Architecture Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology House # 01,Road # 14, Sector # 13, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh ABSTRACT: The architecture of Ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek- speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland and Peloponnesus, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Asia Minor and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC. Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples, many of which are found throughout the region, mostly as ruins but many substantially intact. The second important type of building that survives all over the Hellenic world is the open-air theatre, with the earliest dating from around 350 BC. Other architectural forms that are still in evidence are the processional gateway (propylon), the public square (agora) surrounded by storied colonnade (stoa), the town council building (bouleuterion), the public monument, the monumental tomb (mausoleum) and the stadium. KEYWORDS: Greek architecture, Ancient Greece. INTRODUCTION Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished by its highly formalised characteristics, both of structure and decoration. This is particularly so in the case of temples where each building appears to have been conceived as a sculptural entity within the landscape, most often raised on high ground so that the elegance of its proportions and the effects of light on its surfaces might be viewed from all angles.
    [Show full text]