South Pacific Ocean

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Snorkel Vai‘ava Strait Hike National Natural Vatia Bay Pola Island Landmark 420ft Mount ‘Alava Trail 128m Craggy Point Cape Matätula ay SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN Täfeu B o ay Cove Vatia Bay n B Onenoa Manofä o u f efa Tula Vatia Ä as Amalau M Sa‘ilele Mount ‘Alava Valley Masefau 1610ft National Park Visitor Center 491m Maugaloa Ridge Äfono Alava unt ‘ 006 ‘Aoa Mo Faga‘itua Trail Äfono Pass 001 Aüa Rainmaker Mountain Pago Pago PAGO PAGO National Natural Ämouli Fono Building ‘Au‘asi 005 Landmark Faga‘itua HARBOR Fagasä North Pioa (bay) 001 (bay) Fagatogo Utulei Mountain Executive 1718ft Älega ‘Aunu‘u Massacre Ofce Building 523m 001 Fagasä ‘Aunu‘u Island Bay Fagasä Pass ‘AUNU‘U Hospital Faga‘alu National Natural Breakers Point Landmark ISLAND Mäloatä Fagamalo Matafao Peak Matafao Peak Fatumafuti Bay National Natural 2142ft Fatu Rock Landmark K 653m (Flower Pot Rock) A N 001 B A N U K F A A N N Ä A‘oloaufou American Samoa Nu‘uuli B Täfuna To Manu‘a Islands Poloa 1340ft Community M Ä 408m College Coconut Ä E 60mi Pala Point T 96km ‘Ämanave Lagoon Pago Pago Star International Airport Cape Taputapu Pava‘ia‘i Mound National Natural site Landmark Leone 001 Golf 001 Course Fogägogo North 0 5 Kilometers Fütiga ‘Ili‘ili 0 5 Miles Vaitogi Turtle and Shark Legend site Vailoatai Fogama‘a Crater Authorized park area Coral reef Hiking trail Le‘ala Shoreline National Natural National Natural Landmark Landmark Larsen Fagatele Bay Bay National Marine Steps Sanctuary Point Leaumasili Point Taugä Point OFU Sunu‘itao Peak 765ft 233m Sili Nu‘utele Strait Tumu Island idge Piumafua Mountain Mountain R lo M 2095ft 1621ft ‘o Ofu e a L t 639m 494m a OLOSEGA Äsaga a lä Olosega R Va‘oto id Ofu Airstrip g e Papaloloa Ranger Station Point Fatuana Point Maga Point To Tutuila Si‘ulagi Fiti‘uta 60mi Point Point 96km SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN Faleäsao Airport Utumanu‘a Point Fiti‘uta Lumä Judds Crater (Luatele Crater) North 0 5 Kilometers Olomatimu Ta‘ü Lata Mountain Si‘ufaga 3170ft 0 5 Miles Olomanu Olotania 966m 2961ft Saua site 903m La e ench u B f g u d u Authorized park area Coral reef i Li t R i i a TA‘Ü m a Best Snorkel g a Hiking trail Unpaved road s o a l Ofu Beach ä a Si‘u Point Tufu t a Point M Si‘ufa‘alele Point S (for A To Swains Island mer M To U.S. mainland ly W O 200mi To Hawaii 4800mi es A 320km 2600mi ter 7700km n S 4700km am SAVAI‘I o SAMOA ISLANDS a) R I C A N S Apia A M E A M O Apolima (U.S. territory) A Manono To Tahiti ‘UPOLU Olosega 1500mi TUTUILA Ofu 2400km ‘Aunu‘u Island Ta‘ü Pago Pago MANU‘A To Australia ISLANDS 2500mi 4000km SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE To Fiji To New Zealand North 0 100 Kilometers 800mi 1800mi 1200km 2800km 0 100 Miles E United States N I L mainland R T H E PA C I F I C O C E N O T A N A D Hawaii L A N O I T A N R Equator E T N I SAMOA ISLANDS Fiji Australia Easter Tahiti Island Tonga S O U T H PA C I F I C O C E A N New Zealand.

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Trip Planner
National Park Service National Park of American Samoa U.S. Department of the Interior Trip Planner Explore the Islands of Sacred Earth Talofa (Hello)! The National Park Service welcomes you into the heart of the South Pacific, to a world of sights, sounds, and experiences that you will find in no other national park in the United States. Located some 2,600 miles southwest of Hawai’i, this is one of the most remote and newest national park’s in the United States. You will not find the usual facilities of most national parks. Instead, with a bit of the explorer’s spirit, you will discover secluded villages, rare plants and animals, coral sand beaches, and vistas of land and sea. The national park includes sections of three islands—Tutuila, Ta’u, and Ofu. Almost all the land area of these volcanic islands—from the mountaintops to the coast—is rainforest. About 4,000 acres of the national park is underwater, offshore from all three islands. Enjoy this unique national park in the heart of the South Pacific and the welcoming people of American Samoa. We are here to protect its rich culture and natural resources. Come explore them with us! TROPICAL RAINFOREST From the mountaintops to the ocean’s edge, the islands are covered with mixed-species, paleotropical rainforests. In mixed-species forests, no single tree or plant species dominates. This is the only rainforest of its kind in a United States national park. About 9,500 acres of tropical rainforest are protected here. WILDLIFE Bats are the only native mammals found in American Samoa.
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Day Hikes EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA Trails Map
TUTUILA ISLAND Please Note: The colored circles with numbers refer to the trail location on the backside map. Easy Moderate Challenging 1 Pola Island Trail 2 Lower Sauma Ridge Trail 4 Le’ala Shoreline Trail Blunts and Breakers Point Trails 8 World War II Heritage Trail 10 Mount ‘Alava Adventure Trail This interpretive trail takes you to an archeological site Hike past multiple World War II installations that helped This challenging loop trail takes you along ridgelines This short, fairly flat trail leads to a rough and rocky This trail is located outside of the national park, on These trails are located outside of the national park. beach with views of the coastline and Pola Island. of an ancient star mound. Along the trail are exhibits private land, and provides access to the Le’ala Shoreline protect American Samoa from a Japanese invasion. with views of the north and central parts of the National Natural Landmark. Located at the top of these points are gun batteries and spectacular views of the northeast coastline of Also, enjoy the tropical rainforest and listen to native national park and island. Hike up and down “ladders” Distance: 0.1 mi / 0.2 km roundtrip that protected Pago Pago Harbor after the bombing the island and the Vai’ava Strait National Natural Beginning in the village of Vailoatai, this trail follows bird songs. Along the last section of the trail, experience or steps with ropes for balance. There are a total of of Pearl Harbor in 1941. They symbolize American Due to unfriendly dogs, please drive past the last house Landmark.
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Am. Samoa Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2008
American Samoa Revision and Update of the Territory Hazard Mitigation Plan April 28, 2008 2007 Project Team Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office Office of the Governor P.O. Box 997755 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-6482 Fax: 011 (684) 699-6414 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg-gov.com/agencies/temco.asg.htm American Samoa Disaster Recovery Office American Samoa Government Nu'uuli #26-500 P.O. Box 50018 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-1330 Fax: 011 (684) 699-5005 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg-gov.com Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC 351 Pleasant Street, #208 Northampton, MA 01060 USA Phone: 1(413) 586-0867 Fax: 1(413) 303-0412 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.jamiecaplan.com 2003 Project Team Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office Office of the Governor P.O. Box 997755 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-6482 Fax: 011 (684) 699-6414 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg- gov.com/agencies/temco.asg.htm East West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, HI 96848-1601 USA Phone: 1 (808) 944-7111 Fax: 1 (808) 944-7376 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.EastWestCenter.org Pacific Disaster Center 1305 N. Holopono St. #2 Kihei, HI, 96753-6900 USA Phone: 1 (808) 891-0525 Fax: 1 (808) 891-0526 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.pdc.org Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa 2424 Maile Way Saunders Hall, Suite 704 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA Phone: 1 (808) 956-8930 Fax: 1 (808) 956-2884 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.socialsciences.hawaii.edu/ssri/ The 2007 American Samoa Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed by a consulting team from Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC, and the Lieutenant Governor, the Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office, the staff of the American Samoa Disaster Recovery Office, the Territorial Hazard Mitigation Council and Directors and technical staff of the American Samoa Government.
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CHAPTER II Planning Area Profile for Hazard Mitigation Analysis
CHAPTER II Planning Area Profile for Hazard Mitigation Analysis 24 Territory of American Samoa Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan A U.S. Territory since 1900, American Samoa is located in the central South Pacific Ocean, 2,300 miles south-southwest of Hawaii and 1,600 miles east-northeast of New Zealand. American Samoa has a total land area of approximately 76 square miles and consists of a group of five volcanic islands and two atolls (Rose Atoll and Swains Island). The five volcanic islands, Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u, are the major inhabited islands. Tutuila is the largest island and the center of government. Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u, collectively are referred to as the Manu’a Islands. Figure 1 Base Map of American Samoa depicts all of the islands of American Samoa. Figure 1. Base Map of American Samoa. The five volcanic islands, Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u, are the inhabited islands. At 53 square miles, Tutuila is the largest and oldest of the islands, and is the center of government and business. It is a long, narrow island lying SW-NE, is just over 20 miles in length, and ranges from 1 to 2 miles wide in the eastern half, and from 2 to 5 miles wide in the western half. Home to 95 percent of the territory’s 55,000 residents, Tutuila is the historic capitol (Pago Pago), the seat of American Samoa’s legislature and judiciary (Fagatogo), as well as the office of the Governor. Tutuila is often divided into 3 regions: the eastern district, the western district and Manu’a district.
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National Park of American Samoa
Return to park web page, Park Planning General Management Plan NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA October 1997 United States Department of the InteriorINational Park Service "The young Samoan man carrying the au fa? (banana bunch) on his shoulder is reflective of the Samoan way of life. Just as Samoans through the years have tended their bananas, I, too, have grown up on my grandfather's plantation where I help plant, cut and carry the au fa 'i. So this picture that I painted represents not only Samoans generally but myself personally." Brandon Avegalio Senior, Leone High School American Samoa Pane No . INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESOURCES ......................... 15 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PLAN (ISSUES) ............... 17 SCOPING MEETINGS ................................. 18 PLANISSUES ...................................... 20 Development of Park Access and Facilities ................... 20 Caring for Park Resources ............................. 22 Interpreting Park Resources for Visitors ..................... 23 Continuing the Traditions and Customs of the Samoan Culture ....... 24 GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................... 26 DEVELOPMENT OF PARK ACCESS AND FACILITIES ........... 26 Tutuila Unit ..................................... 28 Ta'uUnit ....................................... 39 OfuUnit ....................................... 44 CARINGFORPARKRESOURCES ......................... 47 Natural Resources .................................. 49 Archeological and Cultural Resources
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Inventory and Monitoring of Seabirds in National Park of American Samoa
Final Report. Technical Report 136 INVENTORY AND MONITORING OF SEABIRDS IN NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA By Paul J. O’Connor and Mark J. Rauzon October 2004 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I AT MANOA NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CONTRACT NO. 8036-2-9004 CONTRIBUTION NUMBER 136 PSCU/UH - i - Item Page Table of Contents i List of Figures iii List of Tables iv Report Summary 1 Project Introduction 3 Background 3 Study Area 4 Study Species 11 Methods 13 General Methods 13 Complete Island Surveys 15 Fixed Location Counts 17 High-Elevation Ground & 19 Cliff Nesters Results & Discussion 22 General Results & Discussion 22 Complete Island Surveys 22 Fixed location Counts 35 Seabird Colonies 38 Coastal Breeders 38 High-Elevation Ground & Cliff 40 Nesters Species Present 40 Nests 43 Petrel Distributions Elsewhere 44 in American Samoa Petrel Specimens & Natural 45 History Rose Atoll Seabirds 49 Conclusions 50 Monitoring & Its Future at 50 NPSA Seabird Population Status 52 Field Access & Operations 54 Developing Additional 55 Survey Methods Invasive Species 56 - ii - Invertebrates 56 Vertebrates 56 Rodent Control 60 Human Impacts 63 Recommendations 64 Tutuila Unit 64 Manu’a Units 65 Acknowledgments 66 References 67 Appendices 71-140 Appendix A: Seabird Accounts for American Samoa 71 Appendix B: Tutuila and Aunu’u Islands, Round Island 98 Survey Site Maps Appendix C: Tahiti Petrel Voice Analysis 112 Appendix D: Ectoparasites from Tahiti Petrel on Ta’u 116 Appendix E: Radar Survey Techniques Employed at 119 Channel Islands National Park Appendix F: Establishing a Water Collection System 123 and Base Camp on Mt. Lata Appendix G: Status of the Spotless Crake in American 124 Samoa Appendix H: Coastal Seabird Colonies Maps for 130 American Samoa Appendix I: Brief Video Clips from Summit of Mt.
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National Park Feasibility Study: American Samoa
NATIONAL PARK FEASIBILITY STUDY AMERICAN SAMOA July 1988 DRAFT Prepared by the National Park Service and the American Samoa Government TABLE OF CONTENTS Paae No. SUMMARY .............. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 3 Purpose ....... 3 Congressional Direction 3 The Study Area . 7 Previous Studies . 7 Consultation and Coordination 8 RESOURCES OF AMERICAN SAMOA I l Natural Resources . 11 Geology ........... l 1 Soils and Hydrology . 13 Coastal and Marine Resources . 14 Plant Life .... 15 Animal Life ... 17 Cultural Resources 28 Pre-history . 28 History...... 29 National Register of Historic Places 31 Legendary and Archeological Sites . 35 Scenic Resources . 39 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS 41 Government ...... 41 Population and Economy 42 Tourism ... 45 Land Use .. 47 Land Tenure 54 SIGNIFICANCE, SUITABILITY, AND FEASIBILITY 57 Criteria for Park Lands ..... 57 Significant Areas and Sites Survey 58 Areas of National Significance 65 Suitability and Feasibility . 70 Management Alternatives . 77 POTENTIAL NATIONAL PARKS . 79 Description . 79 Potential National Park, Tutuila . 79 Potential National Park, Ta'u . 88 Concepts for Management, Development, and Visitor Use 97 Management Goals . 97 Development and Visitor Use, Tutuila . 99 Development and Visitor Use, Ta'u . 103 DRAFT 07/88 l Page No . PARK PROTECTION ALTERNATIVES . 108 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES. 112 Environmental Consequences . 114 POSSIBLE ADDITIONS . 116 STUDY PARTICIPANTS . 119 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 121 APPENDICES. 125 Appendix 1. Summary of Village Meetings . 126 Appendix 2. Chronology of Archeological Survey Work . 131 Appendix 3. Potential Organization Chart of Fully Staffed National Parks. 133 Appendix 4. Summary of Public Meeting, Fono Guest House, Pago Pago. 135 DRAFT 07/88 ii LIST OF FIGURES Page No. Figure 1.
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National Natural Landmarks
American Samoa National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior National Natural Landmarks O le polokalama o Cape Taputapu Matafao Peak Rainmaker Mountain 'Aunu'u Island le National Natural Landmarks (NNL) sa faavaeina e faamalosia ai ma lagolago i taumafaiga o e faasao nofoaga e taua i c lUe siosiomaga ma le tala faasolo pito o se m atunuu, ma faalauteleina ai le iloa ma le malamalama o tagata i le taua o nei foi 2 ° nofoaga. E fitu NNL iinei i Amerika Samoa sa mafai ona faatulagaina i le 1972. 1 I O National Natural Landmarks e filifiliina Cape Taputapu offers the best illustration in American As complementary National Natural Landmarks, located on opposite sides of Pago Pago Harbor, Matafao Peak An excellent exposure of a relatively young flow of Z D ona o le tulaga aulelei o le nofoaga, tele Samoa of wave action on older massive volcanic and Rainmaker Mountain are two of five great masses of volcanic rocks extruded as molten magma during basalt inter-bedded with layers of tuff. The site also activity which created Tutuila Island. o lona taua, ma e iai lona aoga i suesuega major episodes of volcanism which created Tutuila Island. Matafao Peak is the highest mountain on the island. illustrates erosion by wave action, and is covered with dense tropical vegetation. faaleaoga ma faasaienisi. O NNLs e aofia ai Directions: Drive the coast road west to the village of Directions: Located 1 Vi miles south of the village of Pago Directions: Rainmaker Mountain is easily viewed from the nofoaga lautele ma fanua faasaina e eseese 'Amanave.
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The Existing Network of Marine Protected Areas in American Samoa
The Existing Network of Marine Protected Areas in American Samoa Matthew Poti1, Matthew S. Kendall2, Gene Brighouse3, Tim Clark4, Kevin Grant3, Lucy Jacob5, Alice Lawrence5, Mike Reynolds4 and Selaina Vaitautolu5 INTRODUCTION Marine Protected Areas and Marine Managed Areas (hereafter referred to collectively as MPAs) are considered key tools for maintaining sustainable reef ecosystems. By limiting or pro- moting particular resource uses and activities in different areas and raising awareness issues on reef sustainability within MPAs, managers can promote long term resiliency. Multiple local and federal agencies have eagerly embraced MPA concepts in Samoa and American Samoa with a diversity of MPAs now in place across the ar- chipelago from the village and local community level to national protected areas and those with international significance. Many of the different MPAs in the network were created through inde- pendent processes and therefore have different objectives, have been in existence for different lengths of time, have a wide range of sizes and Image 19. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary sign. protection regulations, and have different man- Photo credit: Matt Kendall, NOAA Biogeography. agement authorities. Each contributes to the di- verse mosaic of marine resource management in the region (See Text Box: Summary of MPA Programs). Areas Chapter 5 - Marine Protected Understanding the variety of fish, coral, and habitat resources that this multifaceted network of MPAs encom- passes is critical for assessing the scope of current protection and thoughtfully designing additional network elements. Here we seek to summarize what aspects of the coral reef ecosystem are protected by MPAs indi- vidually, through brief summaries of each MPA, and then collectively, through analysis of the combined area encompassed by all MPAs.
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American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory
American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory June 2007 Principal Investigator Dr. Hans Van Tilburg Pacific Islands Regional Office -- Office of National Marine Sanctuaries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The entrance to Pago Pago harbor, one of the best deepwater ports in the South Pacific. (NOAA ONMS) American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory NOAA ONMS 2007 Contents 1. Summary 3 2. Resource Overview 4 A. historic shipwrecks 5 B. historic sunken aircraft 12 C. coastal fortifications 17 D. archaeological sites 23 E. legend and folklore sites 27 F. miscellaneous resources 34 3. Existing Preservation Mandates 41 4. Recommendations 43 5. Appendices 44 A. Inventory Contacts 44 B. Inventory References 47 C. Inventory Maps 53 2 American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory NOAA ONMS 2007 1. Summary In June 2007 NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) completed an initial maritime heritage resource document inventory for American Samoa. Maritime heritage resources consist of cultural, archaeological, and historical properties associated with coastal and marine areas and/or seafaring activities and traditions. These resources are a physical record of our past and present relationship to the sea. The inventory, carried out by staff from the ONMS Pacific Islands Regional Office, supports the management plan review process for Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and conservation and preservation efforts in American Samoa. The document inventory process seeks to compile all databases, archival material, and known reports of maritime heritage sites, but does not initiate new diving or remote sensing field surveys. This report is a brief summary of the current inventory findings. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 1985, is co-administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the American Samoa Department of Commerce.
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Natural History Guide to American Samoa
NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE TO AMERICAN SAMOA rd 3 Edition NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE This Guide may be available at: www.nps.gov/npsa Support was provided by: National Park of American Samoa Department of Marine & Wildlife Resources American Samoa Community College Sport Fish & Wildlife Restoration Acts American Samoa Department of Commerce Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Natural History is the study of all living things and their environment. Cover: Ofu Island (with Olosega in foreground). NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE TO AMERICAN SAMOA 3rd Edition P. Craig Editor 2009 National Park of American Samoa Department Marine and Wildlife Resources Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Box 3730, Pago Pago, American Samoa American Samoa Community College Community and Natural Resources Division Box 5319, Pago Pago, American Samoa NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE Preface & Acknowledgments This booklet is the collected writings of 30 authors whose first-hand knowledge of American Samoan resources is a distinguishing feature of the articles. Their contributions are greatly appreciated. Tavita Togia deserves special recognition as contributing photographer. He generously provided over 50 exceptional photos. Dick Watling granted permission to reproduce the excellent illustrations from his books “Birds of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa” and “Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia” (Pacificbirds.com). NOAA websites were a source of remarkable imagery. Other individuals, organizations, and publishers kindly allowed their illustrations to be reprinted in this volume; their credits are listed in Appendix 3. Matt Le'i (Program Director, OCIA, DOE), Joshua Seamon (DMWR), Taito Faleselau Tuilagi (NPS), Larry Basch (NPS), Tavita Togia (NPS), Rise Hart (RCUH) and many others provided assistance or suggestions throughout the text.
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South Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean
636 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 15 31 MAY 2020 145° 146° 147° 148° Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 7—Chapter 15 21° NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml Farallon de Pajeros 81086 (Plan A) 142° 143° 144° Maug Island 20° 81092 Asuncion Island 81086 (Plan D) M 19° 81086 (Plan E) Agrihan Island 176°38' 176°29' 0°48' Pagan Island 83116 Howland Island 81092 18° Alamagan Island I 8108681086 (Plan(Plan G)E) Guguan Island 81086 (Plan H) Baker Island 83116 0°12' 17° Sarigan Island 81086 (Plan B) Anatahan Island 81086 (Plan J) 166°38' 81086 (Plan C) Farallon de Medinilla 16° Wake Island 19°18' 81076 Saipan Island 81664 81071 15° Tinian Island 81067 Rota Island 81063 14° 162°05' 81054 NORTH PA CIFIC OCEAN Palmyra Atoll Guam 5°53 83157 13° 81048 170°45' 169°40' 169°30' 168°10' Ofu Island Olosega Island 14°10'S Tutuila Island S I (U.S.) 83484 Tau Island 14°28'S 83484 SOUTH PA CIFIC OCEAN 83484 14°30'S Rose Atoll 31 MAY 2020 U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 15 ¢ 637 Pacific Islands (1) Islands and Pacific waters discussed in this chapter Western Samoa comprises the islands of Upolu Island are other than those of the Hawai‘ian Archipelago. See and Savai'i Island. Chapter 14, Hawaii, for the latter. (8) The Samoa Islands have been populated for 3,000 (2) years but known to the western world for little more than National Wildlife Refuges two centuries.
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