Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 2 Article 1 Issue 2 Rapa Nui Journal Summer 1988

1988 Rapa Nui Journal 2#2 Summer 1988

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• Vol 2, No 2. SUmmer 1988 •• P.O. Box 6774. Los Osos, CA 93412 USA •• U. S. $3.00. On Other Islands... Maria, Madre de The following article inaugurates a new feature for &pg Nui Jel1mlll1-On other Islands. Future issues will bring to our readers special events and projects Rapa Nui Revisited occurring on neighboring islands in the Pacific. Joan Seaver Rock Art in the "Anyway, if my mother has a dark com­ plexion and others see that as ugly, I will see - her as beautiful and it's the same with the Marquesas Islands HolyMother. Ifshedoesn'tlooknice, Iwould love (respect) her more." -Alberto Hotus, Sidsel N. Millerstrom October 15, 1982 (Author's translation) This is a condensed report encompassing Public monuments often evoke strong three field seasons of archaeological research in emotions amongmembersoftheir societies. the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, com­ For example, the shape of our most recent mencing in 1985. national monument, the Viet Nam Veterans The Marquesas fieldwork wasconducted Memorial, has elicited both strong praise by the author with the cooperation of the andscathingcriticismfrom theUnitedStates Department of Archaeology in Tahiti, un­ citizenry. HereaninitialanalysisoftheRapa der the supervision of Maeva Navarro, di­ Nui church statue Maria, Madre de Rapa rector. Edmundo Edwards, who heads the Nui,asanobjectofpolysemic significance to project for the Department of Archaeology, theislandersis presented. Asa modemRapa collaborated with me to gather these data. Nui icon, Maria appears to communicate on Our goals are to 1) document all existing many symbolic levels to those artisans who rock art in French Polynesia along with its carved her as well as to those islanders who associated archaeological remains; 2) pre­ venerate her. serve and restore rock art sites whenever In anissue ofRapa NuiNotes(No.4, 1987­ possible; 3) inform thelocal communityand 88) I described the communal carving of to teach them to preserve their cultural Maria, Madre de Rapa Nui, as the islanders' heritage; and 4) share with the inhabitants version oftheChristianVirgin Mary. InMay the research that is being carried out. 1970, clergy from Santiago persuaded the To date, approximately six months have Rapanui to carve their own figure of the been spent working on five of the six pres­ Saint. Deciding to carve Mary in her aspect ently-inhabited islands. Roughly 344 pan­ astheMotherofGod,islandartisansworked els of petroglyphs and pictographs, and 78 six days at the caleta and finished the figure tiki (deified tribal ancestors) have been on the seventh, as contracted with the visit­ documented. IslandsvisitedareNukuHiva, ingclergy. Thuson the Sabbath the statue of Hiva Oa, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, and Tahuata. Maria, Madre de Rapa Nui and her Son was Dueto differentgeologicalconditionsonUa installed ceremonially beside the altar in Pou, the rock formations are most unsuit­ Hanga Roo's Church of the Holy Spirit. able for carving, therefore, relatively little Annually since then the islanders have cele­ rock art hasbeen found-although parts of brated the Virgin's feast day on a Sunday the island still remain to be investigated. following Easter. However, we located and recorded ten Polynesians traditionally considered se­ siteson Ua Pou with the help ofmembers of lected stones and other aesthetic forms "as Motu Haka, a local society concerned with objectified representationsofsocial relation­ cultural tradition. Its members are espe­ ships between gods and men" (Kaeppler Tiki from Oipona, Puamau cially active on Ua Pou. 1979:80>. Special rituals were performed in Valley, Hiva Oa, associated with a An interesting man-made pit was found order to imbue them with a specific super­ ceremonial area. Dimensions: 81 x in1985 byJean-LouisCandelotononeofthe natural presence. Indeed, Van Tilburg 43x34cm. conNnued on page 3.... continued on page 2...

Rapa Nui Journal/Page 1 / Summer 1988 Published by Kahualike, 1988 1 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 2 [1988], Iss. 2, Art. 1 Maria... Continued from page I... 1933,II; Handy 1929; Lee 1986; Van Tilburg 1986). For ex­ (1986:323) has suggested that such prehistoric ritual oc­ ample, Maria's cape recalls the folded wings on figures of curred for Rapa Nui's ahu moai (giant stone torsos) at the wooden Rapa Nui sea birds collected in the later nineteenth stone ahu (outdoor altars). Today the island's Catholic Mass century (HeyerdahlI975:Pl.132,133). However, the crowns addresses six woodensaints,1 indigenouslycarved andstand­ of the two sacred personages in the Rapa Nui statue are ing inside theisland Church. Of premier importance among neither the dove nor the bullfinch of Christian symbolism. them is the figure of Maria, Madre de Rapa NuL Rather they take the form of a sooty tern (Sterna hirundo) Within the larger context of Christian European colonial­ which was honored in the island's late Birdman ceremonies ismtheVirginMary,LatinAmerica'smostsignificantCatho­ (Lee 1986:275). lic saint, appearsonRapa Nui asMaria, Madre deRapa NuL Through her graphic aspects, Maria, Madre de Rapa Nui Design elements have been carved on this figure that relate refersnotonlytosupernatural themesofbirds,ancestralmoai to the ancient belief system of the islanders. Whether or not pa'apa'aandstonemoai, butbyillustratingthe talentsofRapa the autochthonous designs resulted from a conscious deci­ Nui artisans she represents an important part ofthe island's sion made by the artisans2 is unclear since no plan or blue­ economics. Oneartisan who nowcarves portableversionsof print preceded this collaborative effort. Maria and herSon was convinced that Maria's manufacture Fourteenyearslaterwhenquestioned abouta templatefor not only fulfilled a religious obligation but also supplied an Maria and her Son, the carvers shrugged saying there had excellent showcase for his carving skills to the tourists visit­ been no time to produceanoriginaldesign. Theysimplyhad ing the Hanga Roa church (Benedicto Tuki, personal conver­ opted for familiar models: the moai ringing the island, and sation 1982, 1984). Certain significant events in the island's Catholic holy cardsdistributedby the church. And yetithad prehistory are attributed to females in Rapa Nui oral tradi­ been almost one thousand years since such a significant tions: the dream soul of the kings tattooer, Hau Maka, monumental sculpturehadbeencarvedbya group ofRapa­ credited with the discovery of Rapa Nui is referred to as nui artisans. "she" (Barthel 1978:28£0; a female relative of the "Short Amongtheaboriginal formal elementsonthefigureare the Ears," while living with the "Long Ears" signaled her kin to round inlaid eyesofMariaand herSon. Termed "divine" by start the Poike Ditch civil war (Metraux 1971:69; Englert theSantiago priestduringan island Mass (Seaver 1987-88:7) 1980:89); finally, an angry old woman, deprived of her lob­ they resemble petroglyphs of the island's creator god Ma­ ster meal by the stone masons, toppled the stone ahu moai at kemake (Lee 1986b:I34).Maria'ssexlessbody,herstemvisage the Rano Raraku quarry (Metraux 1971:88; Englert 1980:89). and headtobodyproportionsof the moai tie thisstatue to the Forthepastthreecenturiesislandwomenhaveserved well ancientstone torso~In ~dition,thepositi~ningofher!lands in distracting European male visitors. The concealed thefts recalls the moai pa'a pa'a, the flat, portable wooden carvings of hats from La Perouse's French crew in 1796 (La Perouse of females from ancient times. Finally, Maria's headdress is 1797:91), enticed Beechey's British sailors ashore in 1825 decorated withthirteencowrieshellsorpure (Cypraea caputdra­ (Gough 1973:73); and defused the Chilean militia sent to conis) thatwerebleached toresembletherarerCypraea englerti, repress the1966 revolution (personal conversations with Dr. the pure vahine (literally "women shell") of greater value. Gary Brody, 1983). Otherof Maria's formal aspects relate to such things as the The Catholic Church views the Virgin Mary most consis­ symbolism ofbirds, a feature ofboth Christian doctrine and tently as a mother who intercedes with her Son/God for the the Polynesian belief system (for Polynesia, see Williamson sins ofhumanity(Warner 1967:286). However,herauthority is not innate. Rather it stems from her maternal relationship with her Son. 1n other words, as the successful feminine intercessor between Heaven and Earth, the Virgin depends on the mercy of her Son who, as the patriarchical God, is the source of salvation (ibid: 285 £0. Mary's symbolic power as the primeval mother is particularly apparent in Catholic Mediterranean countries where the sovereign power of women (atleastinto the 1960's) stemmed fromrespectgiven them as mothers rather than for any economic contributions (ibid: 288). A similar situation existing on Rapa Nui has roots deepin theindigenousbeliefsystemaswell asinthosepatriaticPoly­ nesian attitudes which probably were exacerbated by Chil­ ean annexation in the late nineteenth century. The procrea­ tive powerofMaria, Madrede Rapa Nui obviously signifies the necessity for physical and therefore cultural survival to the islanders. (For examples of Hawaiian genital chants see Sahlins 1986:155 ff.) In addition, the message that Maria's authoritarian gaze sends from her elderly face is neither Maria de Rapanui nurturing nor one that would evoke compliance because of continued on page II... Rapa Nui Journal/Page 2 / Summer 1988 https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol2/iss2/1 2 et al.: Rapa Nui Journal 2#2 Summer 1988 Morquesos... tation site due to its slanted floor. Today feral goats frequent the site and have been responsible for rubbingout the lower paintings. D Eiaone Valley also contains an abundance of petroglyph sites. Probably95% ofthe siteswererecorded duringourtwo week survey. On the last field trip in October-November 1987, most of our time was spent on Nuku Hiva. Hakahau Valley turned outto beanespeciallydelightful area for archaeologists. The inhabitants and the wonderful and multi-talented mayor, Male and female stick figures Yvonne Katupa, took an interest in the project and contrib­ from KaIriuihei, Hatil'ieuV.alley, p ":"" NukuHiva.. Boulder i&.110 x265 ...... I.._~ utedmuchneededlabor. InHakamai, threelargepetroglyph x 92 CIll. ·Associated with cere- . boulders were previously known to the people. However, . o monial area. . .. mountain ridges surrounding the larie valley of Hakahau. Pecked and abraded dog on large irregular boulder Dimensions of the walls are from two to three meters in in Terre Perehu, A'akapa, Nuku Hiva. Boulder is 121 length, with a maximum height of 281 meters. All the walls x186 x 191 CIll. Designsextend toothersideofboulder. are carved with motifs of birds, turtles and numerous stick Associated with a ceremonial area. figures, many with three fingers. Only one other pit with decorated wallshasbeen recorded by our team(on Va Huka in 1985). A ceremonial site in Hakamoui contains several human­ like figures in bas relief and one carved free-standing tiki. Unfortunately, the site has been severely vandalized. Sev­ eral ofthesmallbasrelief figures weredestroyed witha chain sawinanattemptto remove thecarvings. Inaddition, thetiki is cracked and eroded. The majority of the work has been done on the islands of NukuHiva, HivaOa,andVa Huka. Mostofthe tiki recorded to date are located on these islands, with a concentration of carved figures in Puamau Valley at the well-known temple site ofOipona. Hiva Oaalso yielded anotherexcitingdiscov­ eryin1985-pictographs. These were thefirst rock paintings found in French Polynesia. The six rock shelters were first seen by Arthur Lie, the owner ofEiaone Valley, while hunt­ ing on the steep slopes ofthe eastern sideof the valley. Five of the shelters, which are fairly small and shallow (three to five meters inlengthand two to three meters high) haveonly one or two paintings on the back wall. The sixth, however, with help from the local population, we discovered several with a total length of 28 meters is decorated with 65 figures. additional figures on one known boulder as well as another Most represent sea creatures, human figures, quadrupeds 40carvedstonesinthearea. Again,themajorityofthe figures (probablydogs) andenigmaticsignsandsymbols. Although were turtles, stickfigures, birds,marinecreatures,concentric most of the pictographs are painted with reddish pigment, circles, mythical beings, and dogs. there is evidenceinoneareaofsuperimposition withanother Much work still needs to be done. As is happening else­ where in the world, rock art is in danger ofbeing destroyed color. The rock sh~lter probably was not a permanent habi- due to roadandotherconstruction, naturaldisaster, erosion, pollution, vandalismand theft. It is essential that all rock art beregistered and documented for future generations for it is being destroyed at an alarming rate. The Marquesasrock artdatawill bethe basis ofmypresent MA thesis, and a future Ph.D. Work continued this April (1988) on the islands of Nuku Hiva and Va Huka.

··Two tiki faces in ·b·~ relief. Panel is c;n ;m undr~ stone and i~ oneof several carvingslocatedin thelower terrace ofa ceremonialstructure. Note earplugs and tattoos. Dimensions: 45 x87x 57 CIll. Eianoe Valley, Hiva Oa. Rapa Nui Journal/Page 3 / Summer 1988 Published by Kahualike, 1988 3 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 2 [1988], Iss. 2, Art. 1 The ahu's orientation and proximity to a named water Response to source, its siting upon a red scoria outcrop and the symbol­ "The Ancient Solar Observatories ism of the re-carved hands are evidence, not for the fact that of Rapa Nui" this ahu (or, by extension other orall Easter Island ahu) were "solarobservatories," butrather that this site may havebeen Jo Anne Van lilburg, Ph.D. used for ritual which post-dated the dominant statue cult practices. Observations of seasonal cycles may have been a Orientation is a variable attribute of religious structures part, but not all, of that ritual. in Polynesia. For example, Emory (1947:11) tells us that at In support of this contention Ioffer evidenceonnumerous Napuka in the Tuamotus "nearly every marae faced the east sites ofvarious types of late re-use of statues (re-carving, re­ orsoutheast," and that the purposeofsuch sitingwasto face positioning) and statue material which appear to be associ­ themaraeinto theprevailingwind"so thatthestenchfrom de­ ated with probable fertility and increase ritual. In particular, cayingscrapsoffood attheeatingplaceorontherefuseheap onesitedocumented recentlybyVanTilburgandL. Gonzales behind the marae would not blow into the court." features a moai fragment deeply and finely re-carved into a Two basic orientation patterns of religious structures are bas-relief leomari (vulva form) some 46 em. in length and 25 documented in Hawaii. One was based upon an east\west cm. wide. This unique re-carved figure was placed in a axis and the other utilized an'axis "founded on the land\sea prominent place upon a site which featured extensive evi­ opposition" (Valeri 1985). Throughout Polynesia in general dence of activity associated with food preparation and con­ there is a relationship between the nature and purpose of sumption. religious architecture and considerations of site elevation, There is direct ethnographic and archaeological and indi­ settlement patterns, proximity to royal residences or battle­ rect symbolic evidence oflate increase and fertility ritual on fields and questions of land "purity" and "impurity." EasterIsland,onecomponentofwhichwasprobableconcern Liller's thesis that Easter Island ahu functioned as "solar with seasonal cycles in an increasingly distressed natural observatories" is an oversimplification of a complex situ­ environment. Further, there is a strong suggestion in all of ation. I believe he fails to take into account typological these lines of evidence of a gradual, processual move in differences inahu structure, probable functional differentia­ ideological practice from dominant ahu \moai ideology to­ tion of ahu types, the overwhelming evidence of extensive ward the growing emergence of new forms of ritual. What scavenging and re-use ofboth building and sculpting mate­ does not currently exist is support for the notion that Easter rials on most sites, and the evolutionary nature of spatial Island ahu functioned as "solar observatories," and Liller's relationships in the built environment (Preziosi 1979; Van suggestion that such was the case greatly misreads-and Tilburg 1986). -- - - distorts-the present evidence. - - Mulloy's measurements of the "directions of the perpen­ diculars to the platform facades" of 272 ahu revealed "about References 45" with "orientations", a number which Liller admits is close to the number one might expect "given a set of totally Emory, Kenneth P. 1947. "Tuarnotuan Religious Structures and randomly oriented ahu." Such "orientations" taken out of Ceremonies," Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 191. theirarchaeological context arenot significantandmayeven Gonzalez, M.E. 1984. ''The Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoa~ tronomyofEasterIsland." MastersThesis. California State Univer- be misleading. sity, Long Beach. . There is no direct and reliable ethnographic link on Easter Mulloy, William. 1973. Preliminary Report ofthe Restoration ofAhu Island between astronomy and architecture, rock art or stat­ Huri a Urenga and Two Unnamed Ahu at Hanga Kio'e, Easter Island. ues, and Gonzalez (1984) has thoroughly reviewed the rec­ Easter Island Committee, International Fund for Monuments, Inc. ord on this issue. Cupules were placed on statuesand ahu at Mulloy, William. 1975. "A solsticeoriented ahuonEasterIsland." some sites after the overthrow of the statues, but the func­ Archaeology and PhysiCill Anthropology in Oceania, 10:1-39. tional links between the rock art and the larger site are Preziosi, D. 1979. The Semoitics of the Built Environment: an Intro­ unclear (Van Tilburg and Lee 1987). duction to Architectonic Analysis. Indiana University Press. There are evident problems with the statement that cata­ Valeri, V. 1985. Kingship and Sacrifice: Ritual and Society in Ancient loging"numerousexamplesofastronomical rockart...show[sl Hawaii. University of Chicago Press. that the early islanders took a keen interest in the celestial Van Tilburg, Jo Anne. 1986. ''Power and Symbol: The Stylistic Analysis ofEaster Island MonolithicSculpture." Ph.D. dissertation, worldabovethem."Definitivedatingofsymbolsinterpreted University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles. as "astronomical rock art" has not, to my knowledge, been VanTilburg,Jo Anneand Georgia Lee. 1987. "SymbolicStratigra­ accomplished. Nor have specific "compositions" of rock art phy: Rock Art and the Monolithic Statues of Easter Island." World elements been shown to be coeval in age. Archaeology, Vol 19(2); 133-149. Mulloy's (1973:1975) observationsof the orientationofthe platformatHurlA Urenga (Ahu Vai Puku, site5-297) appear to be supported by Liller's calculations. Notions about the significance of cupules on the site are a great deal less convincing for a variety of reasons better explored else­ where.

Rapa Nui Journal/Page 4 / Summer 1988 https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol2/iss2/1 4 et al.: Rapa Nui Journal 2#2 Summer 1988 Rebuttal Solar Observatory Response William Liller, Ph.D. Malcolm A. Clark, Ph.D. I find Dr. Van Tilburg's reaction to my article puzzling; The Winter1987/88 issueof Rapa NuiNotes, No. 6, contains perhaps one problem is that she lacks a feel for statistics. an article by William Liller entitled "The Ancient Solar Ob­ When a black-jack dealer turns up four aces ina row, I move servatories of Rapa NuL" I was very much interested in this to another table. Whenthe five platformsof Englert's "three well-written article. most outstandingmonuments" all turnout to be solsticially There is, however, an omission of prior work which I feel 0 or equinoctially aligned (average of differences =+1.8 ), I should be pointed out. One of the paragraphs in Dr. Uller's am intrigued. When one goes to Ahu Huri A Urenga and article reads in part as follows: finds NINE (9) indicated directions closely aligned with 0 "Ra'ai and Rua Tau Ra'a have names that include crucial directions (average of differences = +0.27 ), one has the word ra'a, the Rapa Nui word for 'sun.' (Ra'ai to be Believer. If the moai has four hands, perches atop red could well bea spelling variant, according to the lin­ scoria outcrop, and is near a water hole, so be it. And what guist Cynthia Rapu.) From Ahu Ra'ai the summer doesa moai fragment deeplyand finely re-carved into an18­ solstice sun rises precisely over the crater in Poike's inch vulva have to do with Rapanui astronomy? imposing peak (where the evil god Katiki was sup­ Inever said that "EasterIsland ahu functioned as solar ob­ posed to have lived), and sets directly behind the servatories" (paragraph 3, repeated again in paragraph 10). summit of Maunga PuL" My contention is that a few did-a very few, perhaps no more than half a dozen. And the absence of ethnographic In a paperpresented attheI Congreso IntemacionalIsla de links proves nothing-not on Rapa NuL Pascua y PolynesiaOrientalatHangaRoa inSeptember1984, entitled "Sun, Moon and Volcanos on Easter Island," ab­ William Liller ~~0 stracted in Aetas del Primer Congreso Internacional Isla de Pas­ Instituto Isaac Newton Ministerio de Educacion ~ cuay Polynesia Oriental, OaudioCristinoF.,etal, Universidad Vif\a del Mar, Chile deChile, 1985, page70, Ipointedout,amongotherthings, the following: Walt Disney's Uncle SCrooge -the name of Ahu Ra'ai includes the Rapanui word for 'sun' in "The Mystery of Easter Island" -the December solstice sun rises over the Poike peak The modern-day pirate Wyngard Slink makes his base on Rapa -theDecember solstice sun sets behind the summitof Maunga Pui Nui and through a series ofliterary puns, Scrooge MeDuck and his The text ofmy1984 presentationalso containsthefollowing snoopy nephews see the moai walk, and of course, save the day! remarks: "We address here the possibility that on Easter Island the development of solstitial and lunar observation and the location of the appropriate observation and ceremo­ nial sites may have been influenced by ~he relationship between the natural topography and the heavens "...one can observe that the line from Rano Kau to the peakofPoikelies veryaccuratelyalongtheazimuthfor the June 21 solstice sunrise. Why should this natural coinci­ dence be ofinterest? Becauseit could havebeen ofinterest to the early inhabitants. At Orongo, on the edge of the Rano Kau crater lies the ceremonial site of Mata Ngarau, the center of development and practice of the birdman cult... One may ask whether interest in the sun and the solstice, along with a respect for or even reverence for the peaks thatdominatetheisland,couldhaveled totheestab­ lishmentoftheceremonialactivities atOrongo ratherthan somewhere else. It is suggested also that poike has been reported to mean 'to rise' in an Eastern Polynesian lan­ guage. (Hiroa, T.R., 1938, B.P. Bishop Museum Bulletin #157, Honolulu.) "Do we see a pattern here? Was there, for the islanders or their priests, a connection between the mystery of the heavens and the magic of their island where they were isolated for a millennium or more? Did their gods in the sky make the peaks? We have circumstantial evidence: ceremonial sites located in association with solar and Order full color copies ofUncle Scrooge Adventures #3 from Glad­ lunar directions toward the prominent geographic fea­ stone Publishing, Ltd., P.O. Box 2079, Prescott, AZ 86302. U.S. $3, tures, site names directly connected with the sun..." ~ plus .50/1.00 U.S./Foreign shipping.

Rapa Nui Journal/Page 5 / Summer 1988 Published by Kahualike, 1988 5 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 2 [1988], Iss. 2, Art. 1 Note on William Mulloy Memorial Butinov and Knorolov's Research Library: Easter Island Investigation The work of William Thomas Mulloy on Easter Island­ his numerous important archaeological investigations and Sergij V. Rjabchikov his intelligent restoration of various ceremonial centers, in­ cludingthe re-erecting ofnumerous statues-hasbeen well­ N.A. ButinovandJ.V. Knorozov(1957)found a genealogi­ cal list in the Small Santiago Tablet-shown below as frag­ recorded inhis technical articles and on thousands of photo­ ment 1, Gv 5/6. Metraux (1957: 189) and Barthel (1958: 308) graphs taken by island tourists. His warm personality and also agree thatthisrecordisa geneology. Thisrecord features lovefor theislandandislandersarealso well-rememberedas glyph #6a (classification by Rjabchikov 1987) which repeat­ the many who knew him can contest. edly introduces six names. Butinov and Knorozov believe ShortlybeforeProfessorMulloydied,hestipulated thathis that #6a reads 'tangata' or 'koia.' The glyph represents a personal library containing some 2000 volumes be main­ humanbeingand they read it inthiscontextasthe article 'ko.' tained on Easter Island as soon as a suitable place and staff I would like to present a different reading ofglyph #6a, as could be acquired. It was his wish that his books and notes a result of my own decipherment. Glyph #6a has been read would help others carry out their investigations and that as 'ha,' but it is well known that the consonant 'h' may visitors and islandersalike could learn more about the island disappear in Rapanui words; e.g. (to send) = hunga unga, he loved. humu (oven) umu, and hurihuri (black) uriuri-therefore = = LastyearIslandGovernorandstudentofProfessorMulloy, one can read #6a 'ha' as 'a.' The article 'a' is present before names in Easter Island folklore. (C.f. the name a Makemake., Sergio Rapu Haoa, archaeologist Dr. Georgia Lee, and the Barthel 1957:63:> The article 'a' is also used with personal undersigned, anarchaeoastronomer, met informally several names in the Maori language! times to discuss the establishment of a Memorial Library to Glyph #21 reads 'ko' (the standard article for personal be named in Professor Mulloy's honor. names) and is written down before a name in the second As we see it, the William Mulloy Memorial Research fragment (shown below as 2, Qv 2) taken from the Small Library would fulfill several important needs on the island. Leningrad Tablet. This name is the same as in the geneology With the Mulloy collection as a nucleus, other library collec­ shown in fra~ent 1, Gv 5/6. tions, field notes, slides and video tapes, and new books and The results of this investigation shown that the articles 'a' journals would be solicited and purchased with a goal of and 'ko' are personal names in the Easter Island rongorongo making the Mulloy Memorial an active, vital research center text. (These articlesmaybeomittedbeforegods' namesinthe and information archive that would attract scholars and inscriptions.) interested laypersons from all over the world. Sergij V. Rjabchikov On May3,1988, whichwouldhavebeenProfessorMulloy's 1/39 Krasnoarmejskaia St. ~ 71st birthday, we officially announced the formation of a 350023 Krasnodar, USSR ~ Planning Committee: Don Sergio Rapu Haoa, Gobernador de Isla de Pascua; Her Highness Queen Maria Jose Sebolla, Geneva, Switzerland; Don Mario AmelIo Ramo, Director, Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos de Chile; Dra. A. Elena Cha­ rola, World MonumentsFund; DonGonzalo FigueroaG.-H., 1,9vft *il~5~ ~ (/r§J~~w*1}\Wl San Bernardo, Chile; Dr. George W. Gill, University of Wyoming; Dr. Georgia Lee, Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, *~~~Y~J California; Dr. William Liller, Inst. I. Newton, Ministerio de Educacion, Chile; Dr. Yosihiko H. Sinoto, Bishop Museum, 2, Qv2: ~ll'~~ Hawaii;Dr. WilhelmG.SolheimII,UniversityofHawaii;Ms. Kristi Wessenberg, Foundation Center, San Francisco, CA. At the present time the Mulloy collection is in Santiago in the safe keeping ofone ofProfessor Mulloy's closest friends and frequent associates, Don Gonzalo Figueroa. Please note the following corrections to Sergej As envisioned, theMulloyMemorial Libraryprojectcanbe Rjabchikov's article "Religious Records in the Easter Island grouped into threebroadareas: I)Theaquisitionofa suitable Tablets," in Rapa Nui Notes #5: building; II) The apP9intmentofa permanent director and a Glyph #9 is niu: "the plant niulcoconut palm." librarian; and III) A budget for purchasing new materials, Glyph #63 should be read as kapa. maintenance, and operations. Continued on following page...

Rapa Nui Journal 1 Page 6 1 Summer 1988 https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol2/iss2/1 6 et al.: Rapa Nui Journal 2#2 Summer 1988 A Look Backwards, 1976... Research on Easter Island The Contagion of Kung Fu Obsidian Sourcing from Robert Koll's 1976 notebooks For several months the island's radio advertised that the William Ayers and Felicia Rounds Beardsley government would provide a local television station that would show only educational programs designed to orient The Anthropology Department at the University of Ore­ the islanders to the outside world. The govemment was gon recently began studies of the geochemical variation in offering a small black and white TV set at a low price. Many volcanic glass sources on Easter Island. Volcanic glass-ob­ households bought sets; the families without one made sidian-was an important material for manufacturing a arrangements to join one that did. variety of flaked tools, including the famous mataa spear The eventful evening arrived. The first educational TV point. Obsidian tools are the most common artifacts found program was shown: an old '1 Love Lucy" film and "Kung on Easter Island, with simple flaked forms representing the Fu." earliest known. The research is part of the University of In school the next morning, where fisticuffs had been Oregon's Geo-Anthropology Research Program. Itis being practically tapu, the youngboys were energetically attacking carried out under the direction ofWilliam Ayres and has re­ each other with the formerly unknown blows of head kicks ceived support through a grant from the Oregon State Uni­ and karate chops. versity Radiation Center. Mother's Day arrived and the younger students gave a Volcanic glass samples collected from the four known program for them. Each mother was escorted by a son and quarry areas on the island are being compared using two they were greeted by a young student. One couple was different methods-instrumental neutron activation analy­ stopped atthedoor where thegreeter hit the littleescort with sis (INAA), and microscopic and macroscopic characteriza­ a karate chop on his face that felled him. The reason for the tion. Felicia Beardsley,a doctoralcandidateattheUniversity assault was that the escort was not holding his mother's arm ofOregon, conducted the field sampling in three of the four properly. There were no unseemly acts by the girls reported quarries-Orito, Rano Kao I (Ko Te Manavai) and Rano Kao as a result of the '1 Love LJ,lcy" showing. II; Christopher Stevenson provided samples from Motu Iti. Beardsley's fieldwork is the first systematic sampling of [Editor's note: the impact of television on the island is tre­ volcanic glass from a quarry area. Because some of the mendous. It is unfortunate that the programs shown are quarries are quite extensive----Orito has material scattered nearly all 5panish-dubbed versions of old movies and TV over an area of 90 ha.-a statistically designed sampling shows from the U.S. "Dallas," "The Bionic Man," gangster scheme may eventually be necessary to more adequately movies full of violence and sex, etc., are what the islanders determine the variation amongobsidian sources used by the are exposed to. Their view of the world is considerably prehistoric islanders. skewed as a result of what they see; the full impact on the Gordon Goles, a University of Oregon geochemist, is di­ Rapanui is yet to be experienced.] recting the INAA study as the major and trace element con­ stituentsofthe volcanic glass samples to testthe feasibility of linking("sourcing")individualartifactstoaparticularquarry. From past experience at other localities, comparisons of elemental abundance patterns, microscopic differences in Continued from previous page. mineral inclusions, and macroscopic features such as band­ In ourpreliminarydiscussions, wegavecareful thought to ing are expected to yield reliable sourcing information. The poor quality of volcanic glass from some quarry areas sug­ such problems as thebuildingdesign (including full climate gests that these areas were not used as extensively by the controD, selection of a librarian, and the formation of a prehistoric islanders. This further aidsin the sourcinganaly­ permanentcommittee to oversee theLibraryoperations. We sis by reducing the extent of the quarries. also discussed the possible establishment at some later time of a visiting fellow program-a "William Mulloy Fellow­ ship." William Ayers We hope soon to announce the establishment of a Trust Felicia Rounds Beardsley Fund, to be maintained by a well-known foundation and to Department of Anthropology whichtax-freecontributionsinsupportoftheWilliamMulloy University of Oregon Memorial Research Library can be made. Eugene, OR 97403

William Liller ~.~

Rapa Nui Journal/Page 7 / Summer 1988 Published by Kahualike, 1988 7 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 2 [1988], Iss. 2, Art. 1 du Pacifique. Des Moai en Espagnel N'ayant pas de nomconnu, je me suis tres modestement Francois Dederen perrnis de lui donner celui de Adama, car assez curieuse­ C'est en Europe, et plus precisement dans la presqu 'ile ment, et contrairement a tous ses freres, it estIe seul a ne pas iberique, dans une region merveilleuse appartenant a la posseder d'ombilic, comme Adama. Catalogne, que se trouve Ie parc aux quarante volcans de la Jeterrninerai ensignalantqu'ilestunpeuregrettableque Garrotxa. Une perle rare deverdureetderivierespoissonne­ les autorites locales ne se rendent pas compte qu'elles uses oil champs et localites n'ont pas encore ete touches par possedent une curiosite absolument insolite. Ie tourisme et la pollution. Enfin, on nous a rapporte que deux touristes anglais passant par la et circulant en voiture en resterent complete­ Sur la plaza de la Isla de Pascua ment ebahis et provoquerent un bel accident de la route dfi a leur distraction, en Ie voyant... C'est dans ce pays oil I'accueil et la gentillesse des habi­ tants sontencore demeuresvierges de tout egoisme, trempes Francois~eren des plus pures traditions ancestrales de la Catalogne, que se Clos du Parc, 6 ~~a sont egares deux envoyes de Hotu Matua, a la decouverte 1420 Braine I'Alleud ~ d'une nouvelle terre... Belgium Venus si loin pour la chercher et la trouvant si belle probablement, ils ne purent jamais se decider a rentrer au English summary by Kristi Wessenberg: pays. Si vous avez assez d'amour pour cette petite terre perdue au beau milieu du Pacifique et que l'on nomme Ie The town of Olot in Catalonia, Spain, now has a basalt "nombrildumonde" faites doncundetourjusqu'a Olot; vous moai mounted on its ahu, and located at the "Easter Island y serez rec;u par un de ces envoyes de basalte, dresse majes­ Plaza" in thecity. Thisis theresultofTonyPujadory Estany's tueusement sursonahu, au beau milieu dela plaza dela "Isla intense love of Rapa NuL Tony also conceived the idea of de Pascua" entre Ie pont de fer et l'avenida de Xile. making sister cities of Olot and Hanga Roa, an idea that met Quant a I'autre moai, il n'a pas eu autant de chance, et with many difficulties but finally took shape. Six islanders Make Make Ie dieu des volatiles, I'a pour uneraison que I'on came to Olot and the moai was sculpted with the help of the ignore empeehe, comme un foetus, de sortir de sa gangue de natives. pierre; car comme un enfant quittant Ie corps de sa mere, il In the nearby Garrotxa Park of Catalonia are forty vol­ surgitdubloc delavequiestentraindelui donnerla vie, mais canos with stone similar to that of Easter Island. One, at les hommes, creatures terrestres, l'one jusqu'a pre-sent latsse­ Gastellfollit, has-tufa that resembles that of Rano Raraku. emprisonne dans une cage de roc, et sa naissance definitive The authordraws other parallels with Rapa Nui includ­ s'en trouve reportee a plus tard. ing the fact that stringgames are also played here, and some Plus grand que son frere, il attend danIe Rano Raraku de families that have the name Mata. Castellfollittouta cotedela petitelocalited'Olot,chieflieu de Local authorities seem unaware that they possess an la Garrotxadepourvoirapparaitrelui aussi enpleine lumiere unprecedented curiosity in the moai of Olot. Two tourists et presenter dignement la race des grands navigateurs du from Britain-dumbfounded and distracted by the sight­ Pacifique, les Maori. ran off the road when they saw it. Uniques a notre connaissance, dans toute l'Europe, ces deux cousins gerrnains de Rapa-Nui, sont en realite Ie resul­ tat de I'amour insense pour sa patrie et pour l'ile de Paques d'un natifde l'endroit. En effect lors du mundial de football qui se deroulait en 1982 en Espagne, Tony Pujador y Estany conc;ut Ie projet incroyable voir desormais dans une des arteres de la ville. Le soir, eclaire par un faisceau lumineux, I'image de I'envoye de Hotu Matua se projette majestueusement sur Ie pignond'unimmeublevoisin etfait penserauplusgranddes geants de pierre, jamais transporte sur une distance de 5 kilometres etdresse sur unahu: une masse de9,80 m de haut d'un poids estime a 80 tonnes, surmonte d'un pukao de 2 m de hauteur; toute une legende en verite, car ce gigantesque moai ne s'appeUe-t-il pas Te PHo Kura, Ie nombril de lu­ minere? It fut selon les peres de Picpus, Ie dernier a etre renverse face contre terre lors des "huri moai", les guerres intestines. Plaza de la -Isla de PascLKl" entre Ie pont de fer et Lors de notre sejour a Oloten juillet 1986, nous avons pu I'avenlda de Xlle. Tony Pujador and the moalof Olot-the contempler personnellement cette realisation, unique en result of his Intense love of Rapa Nul. Photo by Dederen. Europe, et I'on peutdire que ce moai est digne de ses cousins

Rapa Nui Journal/Page 8 / Summer 1988 https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol2/iss2/1 8 et al.: Rapa Nui Journal 2#2 Summer 1988 Reunion para el diagnostico reunion fueron las siguientes: de la conservacion • Que eualquier proyecto de desarrollo en Isla de Pascua debfa incluir un estudio del impacto que este producirfa sobre el patrimonio natural y del patrimonio de la Isla de Pascua cultural. • Que se realizen salvatajes del patrimonio arqueol6gico en sitios no Andrea Seelandfreund, Ph.D. monumentales. Santiago. Chile • Que se identifiquen los sitios arqueol6gicos de interes para el publico y se planifique su conservaci6n y mantenci6n. Entre el 5 y 8 marzo, se realizo en Santiago, Chile, una reunion • Que se realizen cursos de orientaci6n y conservaci6n del patrimonio para poner en marcha un plan de conservacion del patrimonio de tanto para el personal deservicio, como dentro de los pro-gramas de edu­ Isla dePascua. El encuentro se realiz6 a rafz dela entregade fondos caci6n formal e informal que se realizen en la Isla. • Actualizar la legislaci6n que norma la investitaci6n y conservaci6n del al"World Monuments Fund," por parte de un particular, destina­ partrimonio de Isla de Pascua. dos a la conservacion del patrimonio de Isla de Pascua. Dicha institucion solicitolaasesoriadeICCROM (International Centrefor Ademas se elaboraron 18 recomendaciones especificas que abar­ the study of the preservation and restoration of cultural property) can desde los problemas de dotaci6n de personal de las diferentes para utilizar en la forma mas adecuada este dinero. instituciones, ala necesidad deintensificarciertos estudios, restrin­ Paraponer en marchael plan, ICCROM en conjunto con CONAF guir acceso a determinados sitios y formar un centro de documen­ (Corporaci6n Nacional Forestal deChile) y la Direcci6n debibliote­ tacion en la Isla. cas, Archivos y Museos, deChile organizaron esteencuentro,al que Finalmente se propuso la formacion de una comisi6n coordina­ asistieron 24 personas. El prop6sitodelareuni6nfueinformarsobre dora del patrimonio de Isla de Pascua. Esta comision debeni tener los problemas de conservaci6n que afectan a diferentes sectores de una funci6n tecnico-asesora alConsejo deMonumentos Nacionales la isla y hacer recomendaciones distinadas a mejorar la conser­ y a otras instancias relacionadas. Entre los objetivos de dicha vacion del patrimonio arqueol6gico, natural y cultural de Isla de comisi6n estaran: Pascua. 1) Establecer prioridades respecto a la investigaci6n, conservacion y manejo del patrimonio de Isla de Pascua. Despues de un coetel de bienvenida el sabado en la noche, las II) Coordinar la revisi6n y anaIisia de los proyectos sometidos a consid­ sesiones de trabajo comenzaron el domingo en la manana con una eraci6n del Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales. breve presentaci6n de los objetivos de la reuni6n por la Dra. Elena III) Evaluar los informes resultantes de los proyectos sometidos a consid­ Charola, coordinadora de la reuni6n. A continuacion, Jean Vouve eraci6n del Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales. y Pierre Vidal informaron sobre sus recientesestudios sobre la IV) Asesorar a otras instancias respecto al patrimonio de Isla de Pascua. climatologfa dela cuevadeAnaKili Tangata enel marcodel proyecto • • ••••• deconservaci6nde sus pinturas, la cuevay el entorno deella. Maria English translation by Georgia Lee: EugeniaVandeMaele,expertaenconservaci6ndepinturasrupestres From the 5th to the 8th ofMarch, a meeting was held in Santiago, Chile, to initiate a delCentroNacionaldeRestauracion, diomayoresantecedentesdel conservation plan for the heritage of Isla de Pascua. This meeting was funded by the World Monuments Fund through a private grant. plan de conservacion del area de Ana Kili Tangata. Organized by ICCROM, CONAF, and the Direcdon de Bibliotecas, Archivos y La Dra. Georgia Lee, informo sobrela situaci6nde los petroglifos, Muse

Rapa Nui Journal/Page 10 / Summer 1988 https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol2/iss2/1 10 et al.: Rapa Nui Journal 2#2 Summer 1988

Maria... Continued from page 2... References love. Rather it signals obedience due to fear of retribution. Barthel, Thomas S. 1978. The Eighth Land. University Press of Rapanui men todayexpress greatrespect for theirmothers Hawaii. and grandmothers,and this consideration appears to extend Englert, Sebastian. 1974. La Tierra de Hotu Matu'a. Ediciones de la to older women in general. Women in an unusually large Universidad de Chile. number of island marriages are ten to twenty years older Gough, Barry (ed.) 1973. To the Pacific and Arctic... Lieutenant than their husbands ("they make better wives"). George Peard ofHM.S.Blossom 1925-1928. Hakluyt Society, Cambr­ But Maria de Rapa Nui also represents the Virgin's role as idge University Press. conduit between sacred and profane, between tapu and noa Handy, E.S.C. 1927 Polynesian Religion. Bishop Museum Bulletin (profane). Hansen claimed that selected Polynesian women 34. Honolulu (Kraus Reprint, 1985). wereenabledto desanctifypeople,placesandthings through Hanson, Allen. 1982. "Female Pollution in Polynesia", Journal of Polynesian Society 91(4):335-381. the pathwayof their vaginas (see Hansen's "affinity theory" La Perouse, J.F. de G. 1797. Voyage au tour du Momie V.4. Paris, 1982:335-381): "...the female constituted a conduit for the 1797: London. 1799. two-way passage of influences between the spiritual and Lee, Georgia. 1986. Easter Island Rock Art: Ideological Symbols as human realms" (ibid:356). Evidence of Socw-politiall Change. Ph.D. Dissertation, UCLA. Since infants arrived from another world through the Metraux, Alfred. 1971. Ethnology ofEaster Island. Bishop Museum vagina, he suggested that dangerous tapu could be absorbed Bulletin 160, Honolulu (reprint). and removed by the reverse journey. Thus menstrual blood Sahlins, Marshall. 1986. Islands of History. University of Chicago was avoided notonly because it was a conductorof tapu but Press. because of its particular potency "due to its connection-with Seaver, Joan T. 1987-88. "Maria de Rapa NuL" Rapa Nui Notes reproduction" (ibid:357). It is of note that Catholic doctrine No.6. Georgia Lee, ed.; Los Osos, CA. sees the Virgin Mary as a bridge between two "almost Williamson, Robert W. 1933. Religious and Cosmic Beliefs of Central Polynesia, Vol. II. Cambridge. irreconcilable worlds" (Warner 1967:286). Today women form Rapa Nui's premier sales force and ~ support tourism as residencil.l managers, and tourist guides. News from Hangaroa Prior to a woman's appointment as mayor of Hanga Roa in 1986, several women were chosen to represent their families Preservations in the island's newly organized Consejo de Korohu'a (Council Word has been received from Sr. Carlos Weber, Corporacion of Elders). Nevertheless feminine participation in Christian NacionalForestal (CONAF), thatthe Rapa Nui National Park master ceremonies currently emulates that of women on the conti­ plan will be updated this year, and will include a general policy as nentwheretheyareconsidered secondaryto themaleclergy. well as priorities for the conservation of the less obvious but very The social status of Rapa Nui women remains a paradox, important archaeological sites such as petroglyphs. CONAF is planningto build a stone wall around the famous petroglyph site at depending primarily on their maternal role rather than their Tongariki in orderto protect it from animals and to discourage foot economic contributions. Thus Maria, Madre de Rapa Nui traffic by tourists. seems to bestsymbolize the islanders' view ofwomenbyher A replicaofthefamouswallatVinapu as well ascastingsofthree own ambivalent position as the Christian feminine ideal; a statues have been made by a Gennan team for an exhibit of Easter woman who represents both virgin and mother. Island art and artifacts to be held in Frankfort in 1989. The exhibits To outsiders Maria, Madre de Rapa Nui signifies the will be displayed at Senckenberg Natural History Museum. An Christian faith of the islanders, but to the Rapanui she archaeology student working with the Gennan team has reported becomes a polysemic symbol in the following manner. By considerable damage to a statue in the quarry as the result of the representing an important Christian saint of the dominant mold which was made in preparation for a casting. When the mold Chilean culture, she reflects adaptation to a foreign world, was removed, as muchasan inch from the surface ofthe statue was removed as well. but at the same time she refers to the islanders' desire for procreative power. As messenger between the spiritual and natural worldssheobjectifiesa necessarymediationbetween sacred and profane domains which may indeed represent troubling transitions between tapu and noa. Finally, Maria's ambivalent Christian role appears to mirror the social status of women on Rapa NuL

1TheyareMariaand her Son, The Sacred Heart (Jesus Christ),The Crucifixion, Archangel Michael, TheHolySpirit (a frigate bird), and St.Francis holding a sea bird. 2 According to the archives of Maipu Cathedral in Santiago, twenty carvers volunteered to work, but according to the Rapanui, only four to six primary artisans carved. Both figures probably are correct since older artisans often advise without actually carving. German team making fiberglas replica of the wall at Vinapu. Photo by Helen Williams. Rapa Nui Journal/Page 11 / Summer 1988 Published by Kahualike, 1988 11 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 2 [1988], Iss. 2, Art. 1 had theonly functioning x-ray machine at the hospital ...necessitat­ What's New in Hangaroa ing lots of tiny pictures put together in order to ascertain broken Excavations atAnakenabyArneSkj0lsvold haveprovided new bones!] information on different stages ofahu building. He also excavated According to El Mercurio, the mayor ofRapa Nui, Lucia Tuki, is habitation sites down to solid rock. Carbon 14datingindicatesthat denying thatthere is a separationmovement on theisland. She also the earliest habitation at Anakena was late (8-9th century). Of the announced that scholarships may soon be available to qualified ahu, theearliestbuildingdateis 11 00 A.D., butsomeoftheconstruc­ Rapanui students who wish to further their education by studying tions are not yet dated. The deepest levels revealed seal bone and on the continent. tiny stone drills; upper (later) levels had numerous maw 'a (spear . The following news item is taken from El Mercurio de Val­ points) and human bones. ' paraiso,datedMay6, 19~translated byW. Liller;itis followed by A preliminary studyofbones recovered from Anakena strongly another version of the same event, from Rapa Nui. The headline suggests that cannibalism was being practiced in the last phases of reads: Director of Documental)' Attacked by Pascuenses.•. the prehistoric culture. Ricardo Palavecino, director of a North American produc­ Among theartifacts excavated byHeyerdahl's crew at Anakena tion, was attacked by a group of islanders while filming. this February-Marchwasa small, headlessred scoriastatuethathad A North American documentary, directed by the Chilean been buried in thevicinity ofAhu Nau Nau.1t mysteriously disap­ Ricardo Palavecino and filmed recently on Easter Island, had a peared from the temporary storage shed near Anakena and was rough ending. The filming of this documentary, which will reported byHeyerdahlasstolen. Latestword from theisland isthat appear in the U.S. as "Mosiacs of Civilization, had to be inter­ it was "found" after the police announced thatifit were recovered, rupted because the director, Palavecino, was attacked by a no one would be prosecuted. group of seven islanders. Chilean newspapers report an increase in tourism to Rapa Nui '1t isn't the first time that this has happened. Before, they this year. Several large cruise ships have arrived, including the have attacked other documentary film makers. The group Sagafiord with 600 tourists; theRoyal Viking Sea with 400; the Society menaced us on several occasions and told us that we would Explorer with 520; the Europa with 540; and the Sea Cloud with 80 have to leave the island. We remained and I was violently "magnates from the US and Europe." Travel agencies in Chile attacked." reportthat more ships are expected and similarnumbers oftourists Afterwards, Palavecino had to be transferred to Santiago in will also be arriving by airplane. At least part ofthis increase is due serious condition. The rest ofthe film crew also left the island. to heavy promotion by European travel agents. "Fortunately, everything was nearly ready. A group from Two hydrology experts from France who are conservators in the the University of Chile who stayed behind will send us the re­ field of cave paintings, Jean Vouve and Pierre Vidal, recently maining material we need. I believe that it will be necessary to examined Ana Kai Tangata and proposed a multi-disciplinary makepublicthehighlevelofaggressionandviolencethatthere study of specialists to conserve the site. Vouve and Vidal were is ontheisland,plusthealcoholism anddruguse," emphasized accompanied by Chilean experts Cesar Bemuy, Monica Bahamon­ Palavecino. dez, and Eugenia Van der Maele. The cost ofthe project, according The documentary included the participation of islanders to the director of Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos, will be approxi­ who were not involved in the matter. "It is unbelievable that mately U.S. $60,000. the islanders are opposed to the broadcasting of their culture. In March, materials were sent to the island by ship to complete The problem is that they do not understand that we are doing several projects that will raise the standard ofliving on the island. it for their own good. But what worries me more is that they These projects include a sewage system, improvement of harbor have not taken means to halt this uncontrolled violence." facilities, drainage for rain water, and the enlargement and im­ The Rapanui version follows: provement of the new archaeological museum. Cost of these proj­ Informationarriving from Easter Island said thatPalavecino got ects will be U.S. 1 million. himself mixed up in an enormous quarrel (rina) inside the island's Rapa Nui's hospital has received from the U.S. a donation of discotheque. It!S said that he and one or two of his assistants medical instruments and equipment. This gift was arranged by a arrived attheDiscointhecompanyofsomepascuenses, remaining Chileno who lived in the U.S. for 35 years, and only just returned to there several hours during which they consumed liquor. It was Chile: Sergio Herman Vera Marambio. The equipment, although added that the group got into a violent quarrel over a woman, somewhatoutdated bytheadvanceoftechnology, is in goodusable Palavecino getting the worst of it. He ended up with multiple condition. Thevalueofall theequipmentis in excess ofU.S. $90,000 injuries and a broken leg. Because ofhis state, he was hospitalized and includes surgical tables, anesthesia and radiological equip­ on the island and then transferred to Santiago for continued ment, x-ray and mammography machines. [Previously, the dentist treatment. ~

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