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How Civilians and Contractors Can Let Police Do the Policing November 2019

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How Civilians and Contractors Can Let Police Do the Policing November 2019 A Macdonald-Laurier Institute Publication WHERE TO DRAW THE BLUE LINE How civilians and contractors can let police do the policing November 2019 Christian Leuprecht Board of Directors Advisory Council Research Advisory Board CHAIR John Beck Pierre Casgrain President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Inc., Janet Ajzenstat Director and Corporate Secretary, Toronto Professor Emeritus of Politics, Casgrain & Company Limited, Erin Chutter McMaster University Montreal Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Brian Ferguson VICE-CHAIR Corporation, Vancouver Professor, Health Care Economics, Laura Jones Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon University of Guelph Executive Vice-President of President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Jack Granatstein the Canadian Federation of Corp., Calgary Historian and former head of the Independent Business, Vancouver Canadian War Museum Jim Dinning MANAGING DIRECTOR Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Patrick James Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Dornsife Dean’s Professor, David Emerson University of Southern California SECRETARY Corporate Director, Vancouver Vaughn MacLellan Rainer Knopff DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Richard Fadden Professor Emeritus of Politics, Former National Security Advisor to the University of Calgary TREASURER Prime Minister, Ottawa Martin MacKinnon Larry Martin Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Brian Flemming Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Halifax International lawyer, writer, and policy Associates and Partner, advisor, Halifax Agri-Food Management Excellence, DIRECTORS Inc. Wayne Critchley Robert Fulford Senior Associate, Global Public Former Editor of Saturday Night magazine, Christopher Sands Affairs, Ottawa columnist with the National Post, Ottawa Senior Research Professor, Johns Hopkins University Blaine Favel Wayne Gudbranson Elliot Tepper CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Senior Fellow, Norman Paterson Saskatchewan Calvin Helin School of International Affairs, Colleen Mahoney Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Carleton University Vancouver Sole Principal, Committee Digest, William Watson Toronto Peter John Nicholson Associate Professor of Economics, Jayson Myers Inaugural President, Council of Canadian McGill University CEO, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Academies, Annapolis Royal Inc., Aberfoyle Hon. Jim Peterson Dan Nowlan Former federal cabinet minister, Vice Chair, Investment Banking, Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto National Bank Financial, Toronto Barry Sookman Gerry Protti Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Toronto Chairman, BlackSquare Inc. Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Calgary Past President and Professor, Cape Breton Vijay Sappani University, Sydney Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Rob Wildeboer Officer, TerrAscend, Mississauga Executive Chairman, Martinrea Veso Sobot International Inc., Vaughan Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Group of Companies, Toronto For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Board of Directors Advisory Council Research Advisory Board CHAIR John Beck Pierre Casgrain President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Inc., Janet Ajzenstat Director and Corporate Secretary, Toronto Professor Emeritus of Politics, Casgrain & Company Limited, Erin Chutter McMaster University Montreal Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Brian Ferguson VICE-CHAIR Corporation, Vancouver Professor, Health Care Economics, Laura Jones Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon University of Guelph Executive Vice-President of President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Jack Granatstein the Canadian Federation of Corp., Calgary Historian and former head of the Table of contents Independent Business, Vancouver Canadian War Museum Jim Dinning MANAGING DIRECTOR Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Patrick James Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Dornsife Dean’s Professor, Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 4 David Emerson University of Southern California SECRETARY Corporate Director, Vancouver Vaughn MacLellan Rainer Knopff Sommaire ................................................................................................................ 6 DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Richard Fadden Professor Emeritus of Politics, Former National Security Advisor to the University of Calgary Introduction ............................................................................................................ 8 TREASURER Prime Minister, Ottawa Martin MacKinnon Larry Martin Framing the Problem ............................................................................................. 10 Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Brian Flemming Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Halifax International lawyer, writer, and policy Associates and Partner, Alternative Service Delivery ................................................................................. 12 advisor, Halifax Agri-Food Management Excellence, DIRECTORS Inc. Wayne Critchley Robert Fulford Background ........................................................................................................... 16 Christopher Sands Senior Associate, Global Public Former Editor of Saturday Night magazine, ASD in Policing ..................................................................................................... 17 Affairs, Ottawa columnist with the National Post, Ottawa Senior Research Professor, Johns Hopkins University Blaine Favel Wayne Gudbranson Non-Core Policing ................................................................................................ 19 Elliot Tepper CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Senior Fellow, Norman Paterson Saskatchewan Canadian Case Studies .......................................................................................... 24 Calvin Helin School of International Affairs, Colleen Mahoney Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Carleton University Benefits of Contracting in Non-Core Policing ...................................................... 31 Vancouver Sole Principal, Committee Digest, William Watson Toronto Peter John Nicholson Associate Professor of Economics, Findings ................................................................................................................ 37 Jayson Myers Inaugural President, Council of Canadian McGill University CEO, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Academies, Annapolis Royal Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 41 Inc., Aberfoyle Hon. Jim Peterson About the Author ................................................................................................... 44 Dan Nowlan Former federal cabinet minister, Vice Chair, Investment Banking, Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto References ............................................................................................................. 45 National Bank Financial, Toronto Barry Sookman Gerry Protti Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Toronto Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................ 53 Chairman, BlackSquare Inc. Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Calgary Past President and Professor, Cape Breton The author is grateful to Alex Green and Isabelle Flanagan for their research assistance. Vijay Sappani University, Sydney Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Rob Wildeboer Officer, TerrAscend, Mississauga Executive Chairman, Martinrea The author of this document has worked independently and is solely responsible Veso Sobot International Inc., Vaughan for the views presented here. The opinions are not necessarily those of Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, its Directors or Supporters. Group of Companies, Toronto Copyright © 2019 Macdonald-Laurier Institute. May be reproduced freely for non-profit and educational purposes. For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Executive Summary Stressed municipal budgets, expanding public expectations, growing complexity of police ser- vices, and mounting salary pressures are all driving calls to reform the way policing services are delivered in Canada. Police budgets have been rising steadily since 2002 at rates in excess of inflation. At the same time, municipalities, especially smaller ones, have come under pressure to drive down costs where policing budgets have been cannibalizing other services. Canada faces a dilemma: Policing has become more complex and increasingly demanding while resources have become scarcer. There is no one factor driving costs; there is no simple solution for reform. One the one hand, reformists tout “civilianization,” privatization, and contracting as possible game-changers to contain rising costs, improve service delivery, and deliver community safety outcomes. On the other hand, law-and-order traditionalists – police associations and chiefs first and foremost among them – deem alternative service delivery (ASD) a disruptor. But many industries and sectors are being dis- rupted by technology and new business mod- els, including crime. Why not policing? The public has an intuitive sense of how core a service really is: studies show that popular Policing has become support is higher for uniformed police to de- liver services involving Criminal Code offences than to deliver other services, such as security more complex and at public events. In the words of former RCMP Assistant Commissioner Cal Corley: Why do increasingly demanding we need a master mechanic to perform an oil change? In effect, the police are not
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