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GUIDED READING the Power of the Church Section 4 wh10a-IDR-0313_P4 11/24/2003 4:05 PM Page 69 Name Date CHAPTER 13 GUIDED READING The Power of the Church Section 4 A. Perceiving Cause and Effect As you read about the clashes between the Church and European rulers, note the causes and outcomes of each action listed in the chart. Causes Actions Outcomes 1. Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf. 2. Pope Gregory bans lay investi- ture. 3. Henry IV travels to Canossa. 4. Representatives of Church and emperor meet in Worms. 5. Lombard League fights Battle of Legnano. B. Recognizing Main Ideas Identify the Holy Roman Empire and explain how the name originated. cDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. ©M C. Writing Informative Compositions On the back of this paper, explain how the Church was a unifying force in medieval society. Use the following terms in your writing. clergy sacrament canon law European Middle Ages 69 wh10a-IDR-0313_P7 11/24/2003 4:06 PM Page 72 Name Date CHAPTER GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: PLACE 13 Feudal Europe’s Religious Influences Section 4 Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the map carefully. Then answer the questions that follow. he influence of the Latin Church—the Roman as did that of Hungary around 986. Large sections TCatholic Church—grew in western Europe of Scandinavia adopted the Latin Church by 1000. after 800. By 1000, at the end of the age of inva- In the fifth century, Ireland became the “island of sions, the Church’s vision of a spiritual kingdom in saints.” Then, between 500 and 900, Ireland helped feudal Europe was nearly realized. bring England under the influence of Roman A sign of the spread of Roman Christianity in Christianity. western Europe was the increased presence of However, in 988, in far eastern Europe, the churches. The population of the continent was prince of Kiev received baptism from the Eastern increasing rapidly—from around 14 million in 600 Orthodox, or Byzantine, Church, as regions to the to 22 million in 950—and the need to accommodate all south had done in the eighth century. Disputes the new faithful caused a boom in religious buildings. between the two wings of Christianity—headed by It was an era of new Roman Christian states. By Constantinople and Rome—would soon separate 966 much of the Polish region had sided with Rome, the two forever. Christianity in Europe Around 1000 yyyy0 300 Miles 0 600 Kilometers SCANDINASCANDINAVIAVIA a e S c NorNorthth i t RUSSIA yyyySea l a B ENGLAND yyy A TLANTIC POLAND OCEAN HOLHOLYY Kiev ROMAN yyyyyyyyyEMPIREyy yyy FRANCE KINGDOM OF Milan HUNGARHUNGARYY k S e a l a c SPSPAINAIN B yyy yy yyyyyRome Constantinople yyyyyyy BYZANTINE M e d EMPIRE cDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. i t Latin Church e r Antioch ©M Islamic Lands r a Eastern Orthodox n e a yyyyPagan lands n yy yyyyy yy S y yyyye a yyy72 Unit 3, Chapter 13 yy yyyy wh10a-IDR-0313_P8 11/24/2003 4:06 PM Page 73 Name Feudal Europe’s Religious Influences continued Interpreting Text and Visuals 1. What two forms of Christianity were found in Europe in 1000? ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What surrounds most of the northern section of Eastern Orthodox land? ________________ 3. Which cities were the leaders of the two Christian religions? __________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the main religion of southern Spain? ______________________________________ 5. What nine full or partial political divisions made up the Latin Church around 1000? ________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. What areas of the Latin Church were bordered by pagan lands? ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. What body of water touched Latin, Eastern Orthodox, and pagan lands?__________________ 8. Look carefully at the map. In what place would you anticipate a major effort by the Latin Church to expand its influence? Why? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ cDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. ©M European Middle Ages 73 wh10a-IDR-0313_P11 11/24/2003 4:06 PM Page 76 Name Date CHAPTER PRIMARY SOURCE Letters of Gregory VII and 13 Henry IV Section 4 In 1075 Pope Gregory VII became locked in a power struggle with Henry IV, the German emperor. First, the pope excommunicated five of Henry’s advisers and suspended six bishops that Henry had appointed. Next, Henry defied the pope by continuing to communicate with his advisers and sending the six bishops to posts in Italy. Then the pope sent the following letter of protest to Henry. As you read the letters, think about why the two men opposed one another so bitterly. regory, bishop, servant of the servants of God, Nevertheless, that this decree may not seem to Gto Henry, the King, greeting and apostolic you beyond measure grievous and unjust, we have benediction,—that is, if he be obedient to the apos- commanded you by your faithful ambassadors to tolic see as is becoming in a Christian king: send to us the wisest and most pious men whom It is with some hesitation that we have sent you you can find in your kingdom, so that if they can our apostolic benediction, knowing that for all our show or instruct us in any way how we can temper acts as pope we must render an account to God, the sentence promulgated by the holy fathers with- the severe judge. It is reported that you have will- out offense to the eternal King or danger to our ingly associated with men who have been excom- souls, we may consider their advice. But, even if we municated by decree of the Pope and sentence of a had not warned you in so friendly a manner, it synod. If this be true, you are very well aware that would have been only right on your part, before you can receive the blessing neither of God nor of you violated the apostolic decrees, to ask justice of the Pope until you have driven them from you and us in a reasonable manner. But from what you have compelled them to do penance, and have also have since done and decreed it is evident how little yourself sought absolution and forgiveness for your you care for our warnings, or for the observance of transgressions with due repentance and good works. justice. Therefore we advise you that, if you realize your But since we hope that, while the long-suffering guilt in this matter, you immediately confess to patience of God still invites you to repent, you may some pious bishop, who shall absolve you with our become wiser and your heart may be turned to permission. obey the commands of God, we warn you with We wonder, moreover, that you should continue fatherly love that, knowing the rule of Christ to be to assure us by letter and messengers of your devo- over you, you should consider how dangerous it is tion and humility; . and that you should commend to place your honor above His. [R]ather with yourself to us with all zeal of love and reverence— faithful devotion you should offer your assistance to whereas in fact you are constantly disobeying the the increasing of this liberty to omnipotent God canonical and apostolic decrees in important matters and St. Peter. You ought to recognize what you of the faith. undoubtedly owe to them for giving you victory Now in the synod held at the apostolic seat to over your enemies, that as they have gladdened you which the divine will has called us (at which some with great prosperity, so they should see that you of your subjects also were present) we, seeing that are thereby rendered more devout. And in order the Christian religion had been weakened by many that the fear of God, in whose hands is all power attacks, . were alarmed at the evident danger of and all rule, may affect your heart more than these the destruction of the flock of the Lord, and had our warnings, you should recall what happened to recourse to the decrees and the doctrine of the Saul, when, after winning the victory which he cDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. gained by the will of the prophet, he glorified him- holy fathers. We decreed nothing new, nothing of ©M our invention; but we decided that the error should self in his triumph and did not obey the warnings be abandoned and the single primitive rule of of the prophet, and how God reproved him; and, ecclesiastical discipline and the familiar way of the on the other hand, what grace King David acquired saints should be again sought out and followed. by reason of his humility, as well as his other virtues. 76 Unit 3, Chapter 13 wh10a-IDR-0313_P12 11/24/2003 4:06 PM Page 77 Name Letters of Gregory VII and Henry IV continued Henry IV’s Reply am, have yet been anointed to rule among the anointed of God, and who, according to the teach- Henry, king not by usurpation, but by the holy ing of the fathers, can be judged by no one save ordination of God, to Hildebrand, not pope, but God alone, and can be deposed for no crime except false monk. This is the salutation which you infidelity. For the holy fathers in the time of the deserve, for you have never held any office in the apostate Julian [Roman Emperor 361–363] did not Church without making it a source of confusion presume to pronounce sentence of deposition and a curse to Christian men, instead of an honor against him, but left him to be judged and con- and a blessing.
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