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The Stoic Invention of Cosmopolitan Politics1
For the Proceedings of the Conference "Cosmopolitan Politics: On The History and Future of a Controversial Ideal" Frankfurt am Main, December 2006 THE STOIC INVENTION OF COSMOPOLITAN POLITICS1 Eric Brown Department of Philosophy Washington University in St. Louis According to ancient Stoics, a polis is a place, a system of human beings, or both of these things,2 and it is a system of human beings—not just a loose collection—because it is put in order by law.3 But Stoics do not mean by 'law' the decree of a duly constituted authority. They define 'law' as "right reason," which provides "the standard of right wrong, prescribing to naturally political animals the things that ought to be done and proscribing the things that ought not."4 In point of fact, they think that no extant 1 This essay is only a lightly revised version of the programmatic lecture I delivered at the conference. Its first two thirds, which sketch an account of the Chrysippean Stoic's attachment to a cosmopolitan way of life, receive fuller development and defense in Brown (forthcoming), and the last third is more provocation than settled argument. I hope that the many people who have helped me will not be offended if I single out for special thanks Elizabeth Asmis, Pauline Kleingeld, and Martha Nussbaum; their criticisms and encouragement over many years have been invaluable to me. I also thank the organizers and the other conferees in Frankfurt for an excellent experience, and the editors of the proceedings for their patience. 2 Stobaeus II 7.11i 103,17-20 Wachsmuth. -
Passionate Platonism: Plutarch on the Positive Role of Non-Rational Affects in the Good Life
Passionate Platonism: Plutarch on the Positive Role of Non-Rational Affects in the Good Life by David Ryan Morphew A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Studies) in The University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Professor Victor Caston, Chair Professor Sara Ahbel-Rappe Professor Richard Janko Professor Arlene Saxonhouse David Ryan Morphew [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4773-4952 ©David Ryan Morphew 2018 DEDICATION To my wife, Renae, whom I met as I began this project, and who has supported me throughout its development. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I am grateful to my advisors and dissertation committee for their encouragement, support, challenges, and constructive feedback. I am chiefly indebted to Victor Caston for his comments on successive versions of chapters, for his great insight and foresight in guiding me in the following project, and for steering me to work on Plutarch’s Moralia in the first place. No less am I thankful for what he has taught me about being a scholar, mentor, and teacher, by his advice and especially by his example. There is not space here to express in any adequate way my gratitude also to Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Richard Janko. They have been constant sources of inspiration. I continue to be in awe of their ability to provide constructive criticism and to give incisive critiques coupled with encouragement and suggestions. I am also indebted to Arlene Saxonhouse for helping me to see the scope and import of the following thesis not only as of interest to the history of philosophy but also in teaching our students to reflect on the kind of life that we want to live. -
Latin 019 Roman Imperial Literature: Death in Seneca Prof
Latin 019 Roman Imperial Literature: Death in Seneca Prof. Jeremy B. Lefkowitz Spring 2011 [email protected] MWF 10:30 ‐ 11:20 Trotter 111, x7894 Trotter 115 Office Hours: Wednesday 1:00 – 4:00 & by appointment Course Description This course examines Seneca's views on life and death as expressed in his philosophical essays, letters to his friends and family, and tragic plays. The emphasis will be on close readings of Seneca's prose and poetry in Latin, with careful attention to the distinguishing features of Seneca’s rhetorical style, his famous brevitas and theatricality, and the place of Senecan thought in its literary, philosophical, and historical contexts. Evaluation Participation and preparation for class (including presentations): 15% Regular (unannounced) quizzes on vocabulary and morphology: 20% Term Paper (first draft due Friday, April 14; final draft due Friday, April 29): 15% Midterm Exam (Wednesday, February 23): 25% Final Exam (date tba): 25% Guidelines and Expectations Preparing for Class: It is essential that you come to every class meeting well prepared. What does it mean to be "well prepared" for this class? It means reading every line of assigned Latin closely and carefully. Here is a checklist to help you do this: * Have you read through everything out loud, slowly, with attention to pronunciation and accentuation? * Have you worked through the texts, sentence by sentence, doing your best to understand what you are reading? * Have you looked up any unfamiliar words in the dictionary, making a list (or an index card) of every word you look up? * Have you checked all forms and rules of syntax about which you are unsure in your Latin grammar? * Have you read through the texts again, one last time, to make sure you are confident in your understanding of all the Latin expressions? Of course, there will be times when you cannot fully understand the meaning of a sentence or phrase on your own, in which case you should come to class with questions. -
De Otio De Brevitate Vitae
SENECA DE OTIO DE BREVITATE VITAE G. D. WILLIAMS Associate Professor of Classics, Columbia University, New York The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge , United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, ,UK West th Street, New York, -, USA Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, , Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on , Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town , South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Baskerville / pt and New Hellenic System LATEX ε [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library hardback paperback CONTENTS Preface page vii Conventions and abbreviations viii Introduction Author and date: initial problems The Dialogues in context (a) The Stoicbackground (b) The Roman philosophical tradition (c) From Republicto Empire De otio (a) The view from above (b) Date, addressee and related problems De breuitate uitae (a) Preliminaries (b) Date and addressee (c) Theme and interpretation Style and language (a) Senecan style: context and general tendency (b) Senecan mannerism, vocabulary, wordplay The transmission of the text L. ANNAEI SENECAE DE OTIO; DE BREVITATE VITAE Commentary Bibliography Indexes General Latin words Greek words v INTRODUCTION . AUTHOR AND DATE: INITIAL PROBLEMS Born into a provincial equestrian family of Italian extraction at Corduba (modern C´ordoba) in southern Spain, Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. – ) wasraisedand educated from an early age at Rome. -
Discovering Romanity in Seneca's De Otio and De Brevitate Vitae Joshua Dean Wimmer [email protected]
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2012 Lend Me Your Voice: Discovering Romanity in Seneca's De otio and De brevitate vitae Joshua Dean Wimmer [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Wimmer, Joshua Dean, "Lend Me Your Voice: Discovering Romanity in Seneca's De otio and De brevitate vitae" (2012). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 255. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LEND ME YOUR VOICE: DISCOVERING ROMANITY IN SENECA’S DE OTIO AND DE BREVITATE VITAE A Thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Latin by Joshua Dean Wimmer Approved by Dr. E. Del Chrol, Committee Chairperson Dr. Caroline Perkins Dr. Christina Franzen Marshall University May 2012 Copyright by Joshua Dean Wimmer 2012 ii Dedication and Acknowledgments DEDICATION Pro parentibus meis ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would sincerely like to extend my most deeply felt gratitude to Dr. E. Del Chrol, Dr. Caroline Perkins, and Dr. Christina Franzen of the Department of Classics at Marshall University, as well as to any and to all who have helped in some way, no -
Seneca's Concept of a Supreme Being in His Philosophical Essays and Letters Robert James Koehn Loyola University Chicago
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1947 Seneca's Concept of a Supreme Being in His Philosophical Essays and Letters Robert James Koehn Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Koehn, Robert James, "Seneca's Concept of a Supreme Being in His Philosophical Essays and Letters" (1947). Master's Theses. Paper 641. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/641 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1947 Robert James Koehn SENECA'S CONCEPT OF A SUPRE.'ME BEING IN HIS PHILOSOPHICAL ESSAYS AND LETTERS BY ROBERT J. KOEHN, S.J. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF ~qE REQUIREMENTS FOR A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN THE CLASSICS AUGUST 1947 VITA AUCTORIS Robert James Koehn was born in Toledo, Ohio, on September 2, 1917. After attending St. James parochial school, he entered st. John's High School in September 1931. Upon his graduation in 1935 he attended St. John's and DeSales Colleges before entering the So ciety of Jesus on September 1, 1937. He matriculated at Xavier University, Cincinnati, and received a Bachelor of Li terature degree in June 1941. Following his transfer to West Baden College, West Baden Springs, Indiana, in the summer of 1941, he entered the graduate school of Loyola Uni versity, Chicago, in the Classics. -
Omnis Ars Naturae Imitatio Est. Seneca and the Fine Arts
ACTA CLASSICA XLVIII. 2012. UNIV. SCIENT. DEBRECEN. pp. 59–68. OMNIS ARS NATURAE IMITATIO EST. SENECA AND THE FINE ARTS BY CSILLA SZEKERES View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Debrecen Electronic Archive Abstract: The highly influential idea that the artist’s task is to represent and copy nature as closely as possible became well-known in Seneca’s wording (omnis ars naturae imitatio est). By investigating this formula, the present study aims to find answers to the question whether it was really this idea that Seneca regarded as the purpose and essence of a work of art. Comparing Seneca’s texts with other Stoic sources, the paper gives an analysis of the meanings of the concepts techne/ars, including the fine arts as we know them today, and mimesis/imitatio. Seneca’s negative value-judgement of the fine arts is relativized by being embedded in the interrelationships in his philosophy; nor can imitatio be interpreted in the fields of sculpture and painting as the passive reflection of reality, as mere copying. Keywords: techne, ars, natura, mimesis, imitatio, Stoics, Seneca, fine arts. The notion – ars naturae imitatio est –, which became an integral part of Euro- pean thinking in Seneca’s words1, served as the theoretical underpinning for lifelike portrayal for a number of centuries. According to this, the artists’s task is to represent: imitate, copy and reflect nature as close as possible.2 But is this really what Seneca regarded as the essence of fine arts as we know them today, and above all, of sculpture and painting? This is a group of issues encompass- ing several problems which largely derive from the fact that the terms making up the apparently clear and unambiguous definitions carry highly complex meanings depending not only on the philosophical context (Platonist, Aristote- lian, Stoic) but even within the philosophy of Stoicism, too. -
1 Florian Marion the Ἐξαίφνης in the Platonic Tradition: from Kinematics to Dynamics (Draft) Studies on Platonic 'The
F. Marion – The ἐξαίφνης in the Platonic Tradition: from Kinematics to Dynamics Florian Marion The ἐξαίφνης in the Platonic Tradition: from Kinematics to Dynamics (Draft) Studies on Platonic ‘Theoria motus abstracti’ are often focused on dynamics rather than kinematics, in particular on psychic self-motion. This state of affairs is, of course, far from being a bland academic accident: according to Plato, dynamics is the higher science while kinematics is lower on the ‘scientific’ spectrum1. Furthermore, when scholars investigate Platonic abstract kinematics, in front of them there is a very limited set of texts2. Among them, one of the most interesting undoubtedly remains a passage of Parmenides in which Plato challenges the puzzle of the ‘instant of change’, namely the famous text about the ‘sudden’ (τὸ ἐξαίφνης). Plato’s ἐξαίφνης actually is a terminus technicus and a terminus mysticus at once3, in such a way that from Antiquity until today this Platonic concept has been interpreted in very different fashions, either in a physical fashion or in a mystical one. Nevertheless, it has not been analysed how those two directions have been already followed by the Platonic Tradition. So, the aim of this paper is to provide some acquaintance with the exegetical history of ἐξαίφνης inside the Platonic Tradition, from Plato to Marsilio Ficino, by way of Middle Platonism and Greek Neoplatonism. After exposing Plato’s argument of Parm, 156c-157b and its various interpretations (1), I shall investigate the ways by which Middle Platonists (especially Taurus) and Early Neoplatonists as Plotinus and Iamblichus have understood Plato’s use of ἐξαίφνης (2), and finally how this notion had been transferred from kinematics to dynamics in Later Neoplatonism (3). -
Seneca on Love
Seneca on Love Anna Lydia MOTTO University of South Florida [email protected] Recibido: 15 de enero de 2007 Aceptado: 7 de marzo de 2007 omnia vincit Amor: et nos cedamus Amori Vergil1 ABSTRACT Within Seneca’s prose, one detects a deep understanding of the true feeling and significance of love in its different aspects —love for one’s family, for one’s friends, for one’s spouse, for one’s fellow men, for one’s country. Seneca’s ability to depict this human passion so vividly stems from his own good fortune to have experienced this emotion to the fullest in his own life. His philosophical writings are replete with moving descriptions of the many varieties of love that so strongly touched his own heart. True love, Seneca maintains, is, in many ways, analogous to an ideal friendship: both arise from mutual, genuine affection. In both cases, Seneca offers a simple philtre for their acquisition and their retention: si vis amari, ama. No one is deserving of love who is incapable of bestowing it upon others. Love is an undiluted emotion conferred with magnanimity; it does not look to personal convenience; it remains steadfast and is not altered by the vicissitudes of time and fortune. Such unselfish love gives gaudium to one’s soul. Our Cordoban Philosopher embraced a humanitarianism, a cosmopolitanism, and a love that included all human beings —men and women, rich and poor, masters and slaves. Keywords: Love. Friendship. Humanitarianism. MOTTO, A.L., «Seneca on love», Cuad. fil. clás. Estud. lat., 27, 1 (2007) 79-86. -
Indifference and Commitment As Ethical-Intellectual Approach: Epicurus, Pyrrho and Seneca
INDIFFERENCE AND COMMITMENT AS ETHICAL-INTELLECTUAL APPROACH: EPICURUS, PYRRHO AND SENECA Ramón Román Universidad de Córdoba ABSTRACT Choosing a way of life is not located at the end of a process of philosophical activity, as an appendix, but at the beginning, as tension between the global vision of a way of living and seeing the world, and the voluntary and theoretical decision itself that involves the creation of a doctrine and a way of teaching. Thus, philosophical discourse originates in a vital choice and an existential choice and not vice versa. In Hellenistic philosophy an- other unusual and curious fact acquires uniqueness, which is that this decision is never taken alone; no philosophy or philosophers exist outside a group or philosophical school, outside of a vital community, and not just of ideas. This is why one is characterized by a unique way of living, a conversion of his being, which requires a desire to be a certain way and to live in a certain way and to teach this. Keywords: ethics, skepticism, epicureans, stoicism, Pyrrho, Epicurus, Seneca, Sextus Empiricus. RESUMEN La opción por un modo de vida no se localiza al final del proceso de actividad filosófica, como un apéndice, sino al comienzo como tensión entre la visión global de cierta manera de vivir y de ver el mundo, y la decisión voluntaria y teórica misma que supone la crea- ción de una doctrina y su modo de enseñarla. Así, el discurso filosófico se origina en una elección vital y en una opción existencial y no a la inversa. En la filosofía helenística ad- quiere singularidad otro hecho insólito y curioso, y es que esta decisión nunca se toma en soledad, no hay filosofía o filósofos fuera de un grupo o escuela filosófica, fuera de una Convivium 29 / 30: 79-98 (2016-2017) © Ramón Román, 2016-2017 – CC BY-NC-D ISSN: 0010-8235 17116_Convivium 29/30.indd 79 5/12/17 13:05 80 Ramón Román comunidad vital y no solo de ideas, por eso se caracteriza por una singular manera de vivir, una conversión de su ser, que le exige un deseo de ser de una manera y de vivir de un cierto modo y enseñarlo. -
Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisf
Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Ramona Naddaff Fall 2015 Abstract Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Tis dissertation takes Plutarch’s paired biographies of Teseus and Romulus as a path to understanding a number of roles that the author assumes: as a biographer, an antiquarian, a Greek author under Roman rule. As the preface to the Teseus-Romulus makes clear, Plutarch himself sees these mythological fgures as qualitatively different from his other biographical sub- jects, with the consequence that this particular pair of Lives serves as a limit case by which it is possible to elucidate the boundaries of Plutarch’s authorial identity. Tey present, moreover, a set of opportunities for him to demonstrate his ability to curate and present familiar material (the founding of Rome, Teseus in the labyrinth) in demonstration of his broad learning. To this end, I regard the Teseus-Romulus as a fundamentally integral text, both of whose parts should be read alongside one another and the rest of Plutarch’s corpus rather than as mere outgrowths of the tra- ditions about the early history of Athens and Rome, respectively. Accordingly, I proceed in each of my four chapters to attend closely to a particular thematic cluster that appears in both Lives, thereby bringing to light the complex fgural play by which Plutarch enlivens familiar material and demonstrates his virtuosity as author. -
Wisdom and Other Feelings: Affect, Knowledge, and the Senecan Subject
Wisdom and Other Feelings: Affect, Knowledge, and the Senecan Subject by Chiara Graf A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto © Copyright by Chiara Graf 2020 Wisdom and Other Feelings: Affect, Knowledge, and the Senecan Subject Chiara Graf Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto 2020 Abstract Much of the scholarship on the Senecan emotions has treated affect primarily as an obstacle to be overcome by Stoic reason and self-control. Placing Seneca’s philosophical, scientific, and literary works in dialogue with modern affect theory, I argue that emotions can provide routes to knowledge and define the subject’s relationship to the cosmos. The first three chapters of this dissertation treat the role of affect in Seneca’s meteorological treatise Natural Questions. In Chapter 1, I argue that the Senecan sage defines himself through an enchanted and joyful identification with the cosmos. In the subsequent two chapters, I explore the didactic potential of affect for epistemically compromised subjects who have not yet attained sagehood. Chapter 2 demonstrates the paradoxical solace to be found in stupefaction and anxiety, and Chapter 3 argues that even forms of wonder rooted in ignorance can guide imperfect subjects towards apprehending a logic underlying the cosmos. Chapter 4 turns to Book 20 of Seneca’s Epistles, treating the role of wonder in our understanding of the good (bonum) and honorable (honestum). I argue that, as the book unfolds, technical Stoic definitions of the good and honorable prove to be circular and inadequate, and that Seneca presents wonder as the only viable way of grasping these concepts.