THE DEVELOPMENT of GHANA's ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY a Thesis
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Hydro-Power and the Promise of Modernity and Development in Ghana: Comparing the Akosombo and Bui Dam Projects
HYDRO-POWER AND THE PROMISE OF MODERNITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA: COMPARING THE AKOSOMBO AND BUI DAM PROJECTS Stephan F. Miescher, University of California, Santa Barbara & Dzodzi Tsikata, University of Ghana n 2007, as Ghanaians were suffering another electricity crisis with frequent power outages, President J. A. Kufuor celebrated I in a festive mode the sod cutting for the country’s third large hydro-electric dam at Bui across the Black Volta in the Brong Ahafo Region.1 The new 400 megawatt (MW) power project promises to guarantee Ghana’s electricity supply and to develop neglected parts of the north. The Bui Dam had been planned since the 1920s as part of the original Volta River Project: harnessing the river by producing ample electricity for processing the country’s bauxite. In the early 1960s, when President Kwame Nkrumah began to implement the Volta River Project by building the Akosombo Dam, Bui was supposed to follow as part of a grand plan for the industrialization and modernization of Ghana and Africa. Since the 1980s, periodic electricity crises due to irregular rainfall have undermined Ghana’s reliance on Akosombo. By the turn of the century, these crises had created a sense of urgency to realize the Bui project in spite of an increasing international critique of large dams. Although there is more than a forty-year gap between the 1 See press reporting in Daily Mail, 24 August 2007, and the Ghanaian Chroni- cle, 27 August 2007. The sod cutting ceremony, analogous to a grass-cutting or ribbon-cutting event, symbolically marks the beginning of construction for a major infrastructure project. -
Michael Banfield Collection
The Michael Banfield Collection Friday 13 and Saturday 14 June 2014 Iden Grange, Staplehurst, Kent THE MICHAEL BANFIELD COLLECTION Friday 13 and Saturday 14 June 2014 Iden Grange, Staplehurst, Kent, TN12 0ET Viewing Please note that bids should be ENquIries Customer SErvices submitted no later than 16:00 on Monday to Saturday 08:00 - 18:00 Thursday 12 June 09:00 - 17:30 Motor Cars Thursday 12 June. Thereafter bids +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 Friday 13 June from 09:00 +44 (0) 20 7468 5801 should be sent directly to the Saturday 14 June from 09:00 +44 (0) 20 7468 5802 fax Please call the Enquiries line Bonhams office at the sale venue. [email protected] when out of hours. +44 (0) 20 7468 5802 fax Sale times Automobilia Please see page 2 for bidder We regret that we are unable to Friday 13 June +44 (0) 8700 273 619 information including after-sale Automobilia Part 1 - 12 midday accept telephone bids for lots with collection and shipment a low estimate below £500. [email protected] Saturday 14 June Absentee bids will be accepted. Automobilia Part 2 - 10:30 Please see back of catalogue New bidders must also provide Motor Cars 15:00 (approx) for important notice to bidders proof of identity when submitting bids. Failure to do so may result Sale Number Illustrations in your bids not being processed. 22201 Front cover: Lot 1242 Back cover: Lot 1248 Live online bidding is CataloguE available for this sale £25.00 + p&p Please email [email protected] Entry by catalogue only admits with “Live bidding” in the subject two persons to the sale and view line 48 hours before the auction to register for this service Bids +44 (0) 20 7447 7448 +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax To bid via the internet please visit www.bonhams.com Bonhams 1793 Limited Bonhams 1793 Ltd Directors Bonhams UK Ltd Directors Registered No. -
2015 Annual Report.Cdr
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Declaration and Statutory Functions of EPA 1 1.1.1 Our Vision 1 1.1.2 Our Mission 1 1.1.3 Statutory Functions of EPA 1 1.1.4 Strategic Objectives 2 1.2 Rationale and Structure of Report 2 SECTION 1: STRATEGIC THEMES 4 2.0 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REFORM 4 2.1 Alien Invasive Species Policy 4 2.2 Draft Policy and Legal Framework on Chemical Related Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) 4 2.3 Hazardous Waste Bill 4 2.4 Pesticide Regulations 4 2.5 Waste Regulations 4 2.6 Onshore Oil and Gas Guidelines 4 2.7 Offshore Oil and Gas Regulations 4 2.8 The Coastal and Marine Habitats Protection Regulations 4 2.9 Conversion of Environmental Quality Guidelines into Standards 5 2.10 Guidelines for Biodiversity Offset Business Scheme 5 2.11 Forest and Wood Industry Sector Guideline 5 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND LEGAL COMPLIANCE 6 3.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) Administration 6 3.1.1 Applications processed and Permits issued (General) 6 3.1.2 Chemicals Management 7 3.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Technical Reviews 8 3.1.4 Public hearing 9 3.1.5 Enhancing the Environmental Assessment Process 9 3.1.6 Complaints Investigation/Resolution 10 3.2 Compliance Monitoring 10 3.2.1 Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement 10 3.2.2 The Special Ministerial Compliance Exercise 12 3.2.3 Monitoring of Mining Projects 12 3.2.4 Monitoring of Aquaculture Projects 14 3.2.5 Compliance Monitoring of the -
Comments on Selected Forest Reserves Visited in SW Ghana in 2008-2010: Wildlife (Especially Birds) and Conservation Status
Comments on selected forest reserves visited in SW Ghana in 2008-2010: wildlife (especially birds) and conservation status Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire & Robert J. Dowsett A report prepared for the Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana Dowsett-Lemaire Misc. Report 82 (20 11 ) Dowsett-Lemaire F. & Dowsett R.J. 2011. Comments on selected forest reserves vis ited in SW Ghana in 2008-2010: wildlife (especially birds) and conservation status Dowsett-Lemaire Misc. Rep. 82: 29 pp. E-mail : [email protected] Birds of forest reserves in SW Ghana -1- Dowsett-Lemaire Misc. Rep. 82 (2011) Comments on selected forest reserves visited in SW Ghana in 2008-2010: wildlife (especially birds) and conservation status by Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire & Robert J. Dowsett Acknowledgements We are very grateful to staff of the Forestry Commission (Managers of District offices, range supervisors and others) who often went out of their way to help us with directions, personnel to guide us and other advice. INTRODUCTION All wildlife reserves in the south-west of Ghana (Ankasa, Kakum, Bia, Owabi, Bomfobiri and Boabeng-Fiema) and a few forest reserves with special wildlife value (Atewa Range, Cape Three Points, Krokosua and Ayum/Subim) were visited from December 2004 to February 2005 when we were contracted to the Wildlife Di vision (Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2005). In 2008 we started a project to study the ecology of birds and map their distribution in the whole of Ghana; in the forest zone we also paid attention to mammals and tried to as sess changes in conservation status of various reserves since the publication of Hawthorne & Abu-Juam (1995). -
Annual Report of the Colonies, Kenya, 1934
COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL No. 1722 Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the KENYA COLONY AND PROTECTORATE, 1934 (For Reports for 1932 and 1933 see Nos. 1659 and 168S respectively (Price 2s. od. each),) Cmvn Copyright Reserved LONDON PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 120 George Street, Edinburgh 2) York Street, Manchester 1 j 1 St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff} 80 Chichester Street, Belfast| or through any Bookseller 1935 Price a;, od. Net 58-1722 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF KENYA COLONY AND PROTECTORATE, 1934 CONTENTS PAGE I. GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY 2 II. GOVERNMENT 5 III. POPULATION 10 IV. HEALTH 13 V. HOUSING 15 VI. PRODUCTION 15 VII. COMMERCE 19 VIII. WAGES AND COST OF LIVING 29 IX. EDUCATION AND WELFARE INSTITUTIONS 31 X. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT 33 XI. BANKING, CURRENCY, AND WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 38 XII. PUBLIC WORKS 39 XIII. JUSTICE, POLICE, AND PRISONS 40 XIV. LEGISLATION 44 XV. PUBLIC FINANCE AND TAXATION 46 APPENDIX. LIST OF SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 52 MAP. I.—GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY. Geography. The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya is traversed centrally from east to west by the Equator and from north to south by meridian line 37£° East of Greenwich. It extends from 4° North to 4° South of the Equator and from 34° East longitude to 41° East. The land area is 219,730 square miles and the water area includes the larger portion of Lake Rudolf and the eastern waters of Victoria Nyanza including the Kavirondo Gulf. -
1 A.Perchard and NG Mackenzie (2020)
A.Perchard and N.G. MacKenzie (2020). “Aligning to Disadvantage: How corporate political activity and strategic homophily create path dependence in the firm”. Human Relations [Accepted for publication]. Aligning to Disadvantage: How corporate political activity and strategic homophily create path dependence in the firm Abstract To what extent should firms get close to government for competitive advantage? What happens if they get too close? In this article we explore how corporate political activity (CPA) inculcated strategic homophily in leading UK aluminium producer, the British Aluminium Company Ltd (BACo), resulting in its path dependence and eventual lock-in. The paper makes three main contributions: a longitudinal study of CPA and strategic homophily revealing their organizational manifestations and detailed understanding of certain mechanisms of path dependence; articulating the value of historical methods and perspectives to exploring organizational path dependence; and exploring the impact that prolonged business-government relations can have on the organizational behaviour and strategic outlook of the firm with implications for TMT selection and environmental scanning. In so doing it responds to calls for firms to align market positions with political activity, as well as those for the recognition of the value of business history in better understanding the links between CPA and firm performance. It further elucidates the longer-term consequences of strategic homophily, which has to date focused on the early stages of venture formation. Introduction Heightened awareness of the corporate political activities (CPA) of businesses has resulted in a number of scholars considering the effects of such actions on the firm and vice versa (Hillman, Keim, and Schuler, 2004; Mellahi, Frynas, Sun, and Siegel, 2016). -
He Chairman of British Aluminium Blamed the Closure Squarely On
- he Chairman of British Aluminium yest ~rday blamed the closure squarely on high power costs . ....... Contents -------Comment______ _ lnvergordon and Nukes 3 News 4-5 Waste Dumping - final? 6 Energy Politics Namibia and RTZ 7 PWR's and Sizewell 8-9 The closure of the aluminium smelter at lnvergordon shows that economics Consumer Campaign 10 and energy policy are Intimately linked. The energy policy of the current Govern ment Is based on the economics of unemployment. An energy policy which is Insulation Programme 11 inflationary can only lead to increased hardship for low Income groups. Appropriate Tech- 12-13 This Issue of the Energy ISulletin Is all about the· worst effects of such a policy, nology which spreads to the Third World, creating a poverty trap In places like Namibia [see page 7]. Reviews 14 The intransigent policies of this Government blunder onward, with the pro SCRAM 15 posed Pressurised Water Reactor at Slzewell in East Anglia raising Its ugly head Little Black Rabbit 16 [see pages 8 & 9]. And yet a coherent and humane energy strategy Is staring us Copy date for next issue: in _the face. An energy conservation programme, If Initiated, would Immediately Friday, February 26th, 1982. create thousands of Jo~s, save our oil reserves and eliminate the need for expen sive and dangerous nuclear power stations; and give us the breathing space to HELP! develop an alternative energy strategy [see page 11]. The weather hasn't smiled on the Smi The Combined H.eat and Power feasibility study of Atklns and Partners is ex ling Sun Shop. -
Mantey-Et-Al-2016-Final-Report.Pdf
Final report Costed reclamation and decommissioning strategy for galamsey operations in 11 selected MDAs of the Western region, Ghana Jones Mantey Kwabena Nyarko Frederick Owusu-Nimo November 2016 When citing this paper, please use the title and the following reference number: S-33205-GHA-1 COSTED RECLAMATION AND DECOMMISSIONING STRATEGY FOR GALAMSEY OPERATIONS IN 11 SELECTED MDAs OF THE WESTERN REGION, GHANA [IGC Research Theme: State Effectiveness] Mantey J., Owusu- Nimo F. and Nyarko K. B. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Civil Department, Kumasi-Ghana [email protected],/[email protected]/ [email protected] NOVEMBER, 2016 SUMMARY The illegal artisanal small scale gold mining and processing (galamsey) cycle is well known: discovery, migration, and relative economic prosperity are followed by resource depletion, outmigration and economic destitution. Drugs, prostitution, disease, gambling, alcohol abuse, and degradation of moral standards are frequent consequences of the chaotic occupation at galamsey sites. It is apparent that the economic benefits obtained by the miners do not compensate for the deplorable socio-economic conditions left to surrounding communities. After depletion of easily exploitable gold reserves, sites are abandoned, and those who remain contend with a legacy of environmental devastation and extreme poverty. These people have little opportunity to escape their circumstances. Thousands of abandoned artisanal mines can be found in the Western Region of Ghana, and those currently operating will undoubtedly experience the same fate. This paper focuses on an important consequence of galamsey: closure and reclamation. By better understanding the magnitude of impacts caused, closure, decommissioning and costing principles relating to the various types of galamsey generally found within the Western Region of Ghana, effective measures for prevention and mitigation of pollution are more likely to be developed and implemented. -
Introduction 1
Notes Introduction 1. Taken as a whole, the Akan region covers a large part of southern and central Ghana and southeastern Ivory Coast. The River Volta in the east and the River Bandama in the west can be taken its current approximate borders. See Valsecchi and Viti, 1999, pp. 9–20. 2. See Arhin, 1967, 1970; Daaku, 1970a; Fynn, 1971; Goody, 1965; McCaskie, 1974, 1995; Perrot, 1982; Reynolds, 1974; Terray, 1995; Wilks, 1975. 3. See, in particular, Kea, 1982, and Daaku, 1970a. 4. See, for example, Kwamena-Poh, 1973; Chouin, 1998; and Daffontaine, 1993. 5. In particular, E. Cerulli, V. L. Grottanelli, V. Lanternari, M. G. Parodi da Passano, B. Palumbo, M. Pavanello, G. Schirripa, I. Signorini, and A. Wade Brown. For a comprehensive list of Italian anthropological studies on Nzema, see http://meig.humnet.unipi.it/. For an extensive bibliogra- phy on Nzema see Valsecchi, 2002, pp. 329–343 (passim). 6. See Ackah, 1965; Baesjou, 1998; and Valsecchi, 1986, 1994, 1999. 7. The inverted commas thus suggest “so-called by Europeans,” without however implying any value judgment. 8. In particular, Wilks, 1977, 1982a. 9. According to Kea (1982, pp. 321–323), the period that ran from the late fi fteenth century to the very early eighteenth century witnessed expansion in trade, demographic growth, urbanization, monetization, and consolida- tion of slavery in production. The merchant class attained hegemony by the joint control of the means of administration, destruction, and production. Independent polities were numerous and roughly equivalent in terms of strength, though networks of trade towns (especially the Akani system) provided forms of regional unifi cation. -
Politics and the British Aluminium Company
Land and Empire: Politics and the British Aluminium Company Andrew Perchard, University of Strathclyde† Introduction Historically national aluminium producers enjoyed a close relationship with the state.1 Given the strategic importance of the metal, especially from the First World War onwards (above all with the expansion of military aircraft programmes), as well as the oligopolistic character and closed nature of the industry – dominated as it was for much of the twentieth-century by the almost country club atmosphere amongst the ‘pioneers’ and ‘first movers’ in the industry – this is unsurprising. Equally evident, in view of this highly energy-intensive industry’s continued reliance on hydro-electricity as its main source of power – and the associated issues over land use, regional development, as well as controversies over the impact on the aesthetics of landscape and surrounding environment – is that the industry would be politically embroiled on this front too. In a departure from much of the existing literature about the native British industry, this paper explores the social and political activities of the British Aluminium Company (BACo), the † Research Fellow, School of Humanities and Social Sciences; the author wishes to thank the Centre for Business History in Scotland. 1 George D. Smith, From Monopoly to Competition: The Transformations of Alcoa, 1888 – 1986 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [hereafter CUP], 1988); Ivan Grinberg and Florence Hachez-Leroy (eds.), Industrialisation et sociétés en Europe occidentale de la -
The Transition State in Chemical Kinetics by Prof
APRIL 3, 1937 NATURE 575 The Transition State in Chemical Kinetics By Prof. M. Polanyi, University of Manchester """'HE energy barrier separating the initial and The 'transition state method' of treating 1 final states of a reaction has ceased to be a problems of reaction velocity consists in a general fictitious concept since the main principles of ization of this procedure to other variations than chemical inertia were discovered by F. London those of temperature. Supposing the reaction rate (1927). For some simple cases, we can now cal in solution changes under the influence of hydro culate the energy changes occurring during the static pressure 71", then applying thermodynamics process of reaction, and follow the paths along to equation (A) we obtain which the atoms move. We can, in particular, obtain in many cases a clear picture of the con dlogk1 V 1 -V-r dlogv/2 figuration which corresponds to the top of the d1t = RT energy barrier. This configuration is called the where V is the volume of a solution containing transition state " of the reaction. 1 one mol of the initial state and V the volume It is interesting to deduce Arrhenius's equation 1 of a solution containing one mol of the transition by thermodynamical considerations relating to the state. We can again neglect the differential of v transition state. At chemical equilibrium we see and set the atomic configuration changing forwards and k ex; e (V1 - Vr)/RT backwards between the initial and final states of 1 a reaction, and passing on each occasion through The fruitfulness of this deduction depends on the transition state -r. -
Aluminum in 1996
ALUMINUM By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic primary aluminum production increased slightly in Logistics Agency to sell the entire inventory of aluminum metal 1996 to 3.6 million metric tons. Thirteen companies operated from the National Defense Stockpile (NDS) in fiscal year 1997, 22 primary aluminum reduction plants, and 1 plant remained beginning October 1996. There were no sale offers in calendar closed. Montana, Oregon, and Washington accounted for 38% year 1996, and the NDS inventory at the end of the year of the production; Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, remained at about 57,000 tons. and Tennessee, 21%; and other States, 41%. The value was estimated to be $5.6 billion. Production Aluminum recovered from purchased scrap increased to about 3.3 million tons. Of this recovered metal, 52% came from Primary.—Domestic primary aluminum production, totaling new (manufacturing) scrap and 48% from old (discarded 3,577,222 tons, increased by 6% compared with that in 1995. aluminum products) scrap. Aluminum used beverage can (See tables 1 and 2.) Production data were obtained from the (UBC) scrap accounted for about one-half of the reported old 13 domestic producers, all of whom responded to the U.S. scrap consumption in 1996. The recycling rate for aluminum Geological Survey’s (USGS) request for data. UBC's increased slightly to 63.5%. Workers at 10 primary aluminum smelters ratified new labor Transportation and the container and packaging industries agreements during the year. The Aluminum Co. of America remained the largest domestic markets for aluminum products (Alcoa), Reynolds Metals Co., the United Steelworkers of in 1996.