Full-Length Transcriptome of Thalassiosira Weissflogii As

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Full-Length Transcriptome of Thalassiosira Weissflogii As marine drugs Communication Full-Length Transcriptome of Thalassiosira weissflogii as a Reference Resource and Mining of Chitin-Related Genes Haomiao Cheng 1,2,3, Chris Bowler 4, Xiaohui Xing 5,6,7, Vincent Bulone 5,6,7, Zhanru Shao 1,2,* and Delin Duan 1,2,8,* 1 CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; [email protected] 2 Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] 5 Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] (X.X.); [email protected] (V.B.) 6 Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, Australia 7 Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, Australia 8 State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.S.); [email protected] (D.D.) Citation: Cheng, H.; Bowler, C.; Xing, X.; Bulone, V.; Shao, Z.; Duan, D. Abstract: β-Chitin produced by diatoms is expected to have significant economic and ecological Full-Length Transcriptome of value due to its structure, which consists of parallel chains of chitin, its properties and the high Thalassiosira weissflogii as a Reference abundance of diatoms. Nevertheless, few studies have functionally characterised chitin-related Resource and Mining of Chitin- Related Genes. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, genes in diatoms owing to the lack of omics-based information. In this study, we first compared the 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ chitin content of three representative Thalassiosira species. Cell wall glycosidic linkage analysis and md19070392 chitin/chitosan staining assays showed that Thalassiosira weissflogii was an appropriate candidate chitin producer. A full-length (FL) transcriptome of T. weissflogii was obtained via PacBio sequencing. Academic Editors: Detmer Sipkema, In total, the FL transcriptome comprised 23,362 annotated unigenes, 710 long non-coding RNAs Leila Tirichine and Wim Vyverman (lncRNAs), 363 transcription factors (TFs), 3113 alternative splicing (AS) events and 3295 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). More specifically, 234 genes related to chitin metabolism were identified and Received: 10 June 2021 the complete biosynthetic pathways of chitin and chitosan were explored. The information presented Accepted: 8 July 2021 here will facilitate T. weissflogii molecular research and the exploitation of β-chitin-derived high-value Published: 13 July 2021 enzymes and products. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral Keywords: PacBio sequencing; full-length transcriptome; Thalassiosira weissflogii; chitin; chitosan with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. 1. Introduction Chitin, a polymer of 1,4-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl residues, is the second most abundant natural biopolymer after cellulose, and is widely distributed across taxa [1–3]. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. N Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Together with its partially de- -acetylated derivative chitosan, chitin has many biomedical This article is an open access article applications, such as wound healing, artificial organs and drug delivery [4]. The parallel distributed under the terms and arrangement of chitin chains in the β-chitin allomorph confers specific properties to the conditions of the Creative Commons polymer, such as higher solubility, reactivity and swelling compared to the most abundant Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// form of chitin, α-chitin (Figure1)[ 5,6]. There are very few classes of organisms that produce creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ β-chitin, such as the diatom Thalassiosira sp. [7–9]. Various diatoms have been previously 4.0/). reported to produce chitin, mainly in the genera Thalassiosira and Cyclotella [10,11]. The first Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19070392 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, x 2 of 14 Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 392 2 of 13 been previously reported to produce chitin, mainly in the genera Thalassiosira and Cy‐ reportclotella of[10,11]. the occurrence The first ofreport chitin of in the diatoms occurrence was in ofT. chitin weissflogii in diatoms(fluviatilis was), in which T. weissflogii showed that(fluviatilisT. weissflogii), whichchitin showed represented that T. weissflogii up to 34% chitin of the totalrepresented cell mass up (including to 34% of the the silica) total [ cell12]. Themass content (including and structurethe silica) of [12]. chitin The have content been and widely structure studied of in chitin diatoms, have but been its widely biosynthetic stud‐ pathwayied in diatoms, based but on the its biosynthetic sequencing and pathway gene annotationbased on the is sequencing incomplete [and13,14 gene]. In annotation this study, weis incomplete first measured [13,14]. the chitinIn this content study, in we the first cell measured walls of three the chitin diatom content species, inThalassiosira the cell walls ro- tulaof three, T. pseudonana diatom species,and T.Thalassiosira weissflogii ,rotula and found, T. pseudonana that T. weissflogii and T. weissflogiihad the, and highest found chitin that content.T. weissflogii However, had the apart highest from chitin the identification content. However, of chitinous apart from fibres the [9 identification], our knowledge of chi of‐ chitintinous in fibresT. weissflogii [9], ouris knowledge limited, which of chitin impedes in T. the weissflogii exploitation is limited, of chitin which and chitin-related impedes the enzymesexploitation from of thischitin class and of chitin organisms.‐related enzymes from this class of organisms. Figure 1. Structure ofof α‐α-chitinchitin andand β‐β-chitin.chitin. Anti-parallelAnti‐parallel arrangement of chitin chainschains inin α‐α-chitinchitin whereas parallel arrangement forfor β‐β-chitin.chitin. Diatoms are a major groupgroup ofof phytoplanktonphytoplankton andand contributecontribute approximatelyapproximately 20% ofof global primary primary productivity productivity [15,16]. [15,16]. The The last last two two decades decades have have witnessed witnessed a surge a surge in dia in‐ diatomtom gene gene information, information, with with complete complete genomes genomes [17–19] [17 –and19] a and number a number of transcriptomes of transcrip- tomessequenced sequenced [20–22]. [ 20By– 22contrast,]. By contrast, T. weissflogiiT. weissflogii genes cangenes only be can referred only be to referred the transcripts to the transcriptsreleased by released the Marine by the Marine Microbial Microbial Eukaryote Eukaryote Transcriptome Transcriptome Sequencing Sequencing Project (MMETSP) [[23],23], andand no no full-length full‐length reference reference database database is is openly openly available available so far.so far. Genes Genes en- β codingencoding enzymes enzymes metabolising metabolising high-value high‐value products products such such as -chitinas β‐chitin and theand full the potential full poten of‐ T.tial weissflogii of T. weissflogiiremain toremain be unveiled. to be unveiled. Pacific BioSciences Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) single-molecule(PacBio) single‐ real-timemolecule (SMRT)real‐time sequencing (SMRT) sequencing enables the discoveryenables the of noveldiscovery genes of and novel gene genes product and isoforms. gene product It pro- vides longer reads, making them suitable for biological problems that are poorly solved isoforms. It provides longer reads, making them suitable for biological problems that are by second-generation sequencing (SGS) [24]. A full-length (FL) transcriptome obtained by poorly solved by second‐generation sequencing (SGS) [24]. A full‐length (FL) transcrip‐ PacBio sequencing is an alternative complete transcript assembly for a non-model species. tome obtained by PacBio sequencing is an alternative complete transcript assembly for a In the present study, the FL transcriptome of T. weissflogii was sequenced to elucidate the non‐model species. In the present study, the FL transcriptome of T. weissflogii was se‐ genetic profile and uncover the chitin-related genes of this diatom species. Our study quenced to elucidate the genetic profile and uncover the chitin‐related genes of this dia‐ highlights information for β-chitin metabolism in T. weissflogii, provides a reference genetic tom species. Our study highlights information for β‐chitin metabolism in T. weissflogii, dataset for future studies and assists in evolutionary studies to a broad taxonomy. The FL provides a reference genetic dataset for future studies and assists in evolutionary studies transcriptome will enable the construction of chitin metabolic pathways and facilitate the to a broad taxonomy. The FL transcriptome will enable the construction of chitin meta‐ in vitro application of chitin-related enzymes. bolic pathways and facilitate the in vitro application of chitin‐related enzymes.
Recommended publications
  • The Planktonic Protist Interactome: Where Do We Stand After a Century of Research?
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/587352; this version posted May 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bjorbækmo et al., 23.03.2019 – preprint copy - BioRxiv The planktonic protist interactome: where do we stand after a century of research? Marit F. Markussen Bjorbækmo1*, Andreas Evenstad1* and Line Lieblein Røsæg1*, Anders K. Krabberød1**, and Ramiro Logares2,1** 1 University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N- 0316 Oslo, Norway 2 Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain * The three authors contributed equally ** Corresponding authors: Ramiro Logares: Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Phone: 34-93-2309500; Fax: 34-93-2309555. [email protected] Anders K. Krabberød: University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Phone +47 22845986, Fax: +47 22854726. [email protected] Abstract Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, yet our knowledge about them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed the literature involving planktonic protist interactions and gathered the information in a manually curated Protist Interaction DAtabase (PIDA). In total, we have registered ~2,500 ecological interactions from ~500 publications, spanning the last 150 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic and Coordinated Gene Expression Between a Diazotroph and Its Diatom Host
    The ISME Journal (2019) 13:118–131 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0262-2 ARTICLE Periodic and coordinated gene expression between a diazotroph and its diatom host 1 1,2 1 3 4 Matthew J. Harke ● Kyle R. Frischkorn ● Sheean T. Haley ● Frank O. Aylward ● Jonathan P. Zehr ● Sonya T. Dyhrman1,2 Received: 11 April 2018 / Revised: 28 June 2018 / Accepted: 28 July 2018 / Published online: 16 August 2018 © International Society for Microbial Ecology 2018 Abstract In the surface ocean, light fuels photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton, playing a critical role in ecosystem processes including carbon export to the deep sea. In oligotrophic oceans, diatom–diazotroph associations (DDAs) play a keystone role in ecosystem function because diazotrophs can provide otherwise scarce biologically available nitrogen to the diatom host, fueling growth and subsequent carbon sequestration. Despite their importance, relatively little is known about the nature of these associations in situ. Here we used metatranscriptomic sequencing of surface samples from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) to reconstruct patterns of gene expression for the diazotrophic symbiont Richelia and we – 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: examined how these patterns were integrated with those of the diatom host over day night transitions. Richelia exhibited significant diel signals for genes related to photosynthesis, N2 fixation, and resource acquisition, among other processes. N2 fixation genes were significantly co-expressed with host nitrogen uptake and metabolism, as well as potential genes involved in carbon transport, which may underpin the exchange of nitrogen and carbon within this association. Patterns of expression suggested cell division was integrated between the host and symbiont across the diel cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Agr. Nat. Resour. 54 (2020) 499–506 AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Journal homepage: http://anres.kasetsart.org Research article Checklist of the Tribe Spilomelini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) in Thailand Sunadda Chaovalita,†, Nantasak Pinkaewb,†,* a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand b Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaengsaen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand Article Info Abstract Article history: In total, 100 species in 40 genera of the tribe Spilomelini were confirmed to occur in Thailand Received 5 July 2019 based on the specimens preserved in Thailand and Japan. Of these, 47 species were new records Revised 25 July 2019 Accepted 15 August 2019 for Thailand. Conogethes tenuialata Chaovalit and Yoshiyasu, 2019 was the latest new recorded Available online 30 October 2020 species from Thailand. This information will contribute to an ongoing program to develop a pest database and subsequently to a facilitate pest management scheme in Thailand. Keywords: Crambidae, Pyraustinae, Spilomelini, Thailand, pest Introduction The tribe Spilomelini is one of the major pests in tropical and subtropical regions. Moths in this tribe have been considered as The tribe Spilomelini Guenée (1854) is one of the largest tribes and the major pests of economic crops such as rice, sugarcane, bean belongs to the subfamily Pyraustinae, family Crambidae; it consists of pods and corn (Khan et al., 1988; Hill, 2007), durian (Kuroko 55 genera and 5,929 species worldwide with approximately 86 genera and Lewvanich, 1993), citrus, peach and macadamia, (Common, and 220 species of Spilomelini being reported in North America 1990), mulberry (Sharifi et.
    [Show full text]
  • Bitki Koruma Bülteni / Plant Protection Bulletin, 2020, 60 (3) : 39-45
    Bitki Koruma Bülteni / Plant Protection Bulletin, 2020, 60 (3) : 39-45 Bitki Koruma Bülteni / Plant Protection Bulletin http://dergipark.gov.tr/bitkorb Original article A pest that could be posing a threat to mulberry production of Turkey: Glyphodes pyloalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Türkiye dut üretimini tehdit edebilecek bir zararlı: Glyphodes pyloalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Gürsel ÇETİNa* Pınar HEPHIZLI GÖKSELa Mustafa ÖZDEMİRb Yılmaz BOZa a*Directorate of Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Süleyman Bey Mah., Yalı Cad., 77100 Yalova, Turkey bPlant Protection Central Research Institute, Gayret Mah. Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bulv. 06172 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Mulberry, Morus spp. (Moraceae) is naturally cultivated in Turkey, and no DOI: 10.16955/bitkorb.669491 chemical input used during the production process. Hitherto, major and common Received : 02.01.2020 species of insect and acari caused the economic yield and quality losses in the Accepted : 28.05.2020 mulberry production have not been recorded. On the other hand, lesser mulberry snout moth, Glyphodes pyloalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Keywords: considered being one of the most important pests of mulberry around the world Lesser mulberry snout moth, Glyphodes pyloalis, Morus spp., was detected in the province of Yalova in the last week of August in 2018 for the Crambidae, Lepidoptera first time. Larvae of this pest caused serious damage to leaves of white mulberry (Morus alba L., 1753), black mulberry (Morus nigra L., 1753), and weeping white * Corresponding author: Gürsel ÇETİN mulberry (Morus alba cv. ‘Pendula’) (Urticales: Moraceae) whereas it has newly [email protected] just occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Phytoplankton Growth in Nutrient Recycling Ecosystems
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published May 29 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Control of phytoplankton growth in nutrient recycling ecosystems. Theory and terminology T. Frede ~hingstadl,Egil sakshaug2 ' Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology, University of Bergen, Jahnebk. 5,N-5007 Bergen, Norway Trondhjem Biological Station, The Museum. University of Trondheim, Bynesvn. 46, N-7018 Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT: Some of the principles governing phytoplankton growth, biomass, and species composi- tion in 2-layered pelagic ecosystems are explored using an idealized, steady-state, mathematical model, based on simple extensions of Lotka-Volterra type equations. In particular, the properties of a food web based on 'small' and 'large' phytoplankton are investigated. Features of the phytoplankton community that may be derived from this conceptually simple model include CO-existenceof more than one species on one limiting nutrient, a rapid growth rate for a large fraction of the phytoplankton community in oligotrophic waters, a long food chain starting from a population of small phytoplankton in waters with moderate mixing over the nutricline, and a transition to dominance of a food chain based on large phytoplankton when mixing is increased. As pointed out by other authors, careless use of the concept of one limiting factor may be potentially confusing in such systems. To avoid this, a distinction in terminology between 'controlling' and 'limiting' factors is suggested. INTRODUCTION dominance of short food chains in upwelling areas (Ryther 1969). Various aspects of nutrient cycling in pelagic ecosys- Many authors have addressed various aspects of the tems are of prime importance to our understanding of planktonic ecosystem using mathematical models how productivity of the oceans is controlled, and to our which are idealized and conceptual.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilithic Diatom Community Shows a Higher Vulnerability of the River Sava to Pollution During the Winter
    diversity Article Epilithic Diatom Community Shows a Higher Vulnerability of the River Sava to Pollution during the Winter Igor Zelnik * and Tjaša Sušin Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-1-320-3339 Received: 12 November 2020; Accepted: 4 December 2020; Published: 5 December 2020 Abstract: The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of environmental factors on the structure of epilithic diatom communities in the Sava River from the source to the state border 220 km downstream. The river had numerous human influences along its course, such as municipal and industrial wastewater, agriculture, hydroelectric power plants, etc. The main objective of the research was to find out the influence of human pressure on the structure of the epilithic diatom community under winter and summer conditions. Winter and summer samples were taken at nine sites. At each sampling site, a set of abiotic factors was measured and another set of environmental parameters was evaluated. The analyses showed that nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations increased downstream. We identified 118 different species of diatoms. The most common taxa were Achnanthidium minutissimum and A. pyrenaicum. Planktonic species Cyclotella meneghiniana was only found in the samples of the lower part of the Sava, which is unusual for the epilithic community. The composition of the epilithic diatom community was significantly influenced by conductivity and water temperature, pH and distance from the source. The similarity between diatom communities closer to the source of the river was higher than between communities from the lower part of the Sava River.
    [Show full text]
  • Improved Reference Genome for Cyclotella Cryptica Ccmp332, a Model
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.103069; this version posted May 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 IMPROVED REFERENCE GENOME FOR CYCLOTELLA CRYPTICA CCMP332, A MODEL FOR CELL WALL MORPHOGENESIS, SALINITY ADAPTATION, AND LIPID PRODUCTION IN DIATOMS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) Wade R. Roberts1, Kala M. Downey1, Elizabeth C. Ruck1, Jesse C. Traller2, and Andrew J. Alverson1 1University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA, Phone: +1 479 575 4886, FAX: +1 479 575 4010 2Global Algae Innovations, San Diego, CA 92159 USA, Phone: +1 760 822 8277 Data available from: NCBI BioProjects PRJNA628076 and PRJNA589195 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.103069; this version posted May 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 2 Running title: IMPROVED CYCLOTELLA CRYPTICA GENOME Key words: algal biofuels, horizontal gene transfer, lipids, nanopore, transposable elements Corresponding author: Wade R. Roberts, University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, +1 479 575 4886, [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.103069; this version posted May 19, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into Global Planktonic Diatom Diversity: Comparisons Between Phylogenetically Meaningful Units That Account for Time
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/167809; this version posted July 24, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Insights into global planktonic diatom diversity: Comparisons between phylogenetically meaningful units that account for time Teofil Nakov, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, and Andrew J. Alverson Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas 1 University of Arkansas, SCEN 601 Fayetteville, AR 72701 Abstract Metabarcoding has offered unprecedented insights into microbial diversity. In many studies, short DNA sequences are binned into consecutively higher Linnaean ranks, and ranked groups (e.g., genera) are the units of biodiver- sity analyses. These analyses assume that Linnaean ranks are biologically meaningful and that identically ranked groups are comparable. We used a meta-barcode dataset for marine planktonic diatoms to illustrate the limits of this approach. We found that the 20 most abundant marine planktonic diatom genera ranged in age from 4 to 134 million years, indicating the non- equivalence of genera because some had more time to diversify than others. Still, species richness was only weakly correlated with genus age, highlighting variation in rates of speciation and/or extinction. Taxonomic classifications often do not reflect phylogeny, so genus-level analyses can include phylogenet- ically nested genera, further confounding rank-based analyses. These results underscore the indispensable role of phylogeny in understanding patterns of microbial diversity. Keywords: diversification, metabarcoding, microbes, phylogeny Preprint submitted to Bioarxiv July 24, 2017 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/167809; this version posted July 24, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Silicon Transporters in Diatoms1
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Woods Hole Open Access Server J. Phycol. 52, 716–731 (2016) © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Phycology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Phycological Society of America. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12441 THE EVOLUTION OF SILICON TRANSPORTERS IN DIATOMS1 Colleen A. Durkin3 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing California 95039, USA Julie A. Koester Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington North Carolina 28403, USA Sara J. Bender2 Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543, USA and E. Virginia Armbrust School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98195, USA Diatoms are highly productive single-celled algae perhaps their dominant ability to take up silicic acid that form an intricately patterned silica cell wall after from seawater in diverse environmental conditions. every cell division. They take up and utilize silicic Key index words: diatoms; gene family; molecular acid from seawater via silicon transporter (SIT) evolution; nutrients; silicon; transporter proteins. This study examined the evolution of the SIT gene family
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Susceptibility and Cross Infectivity of Mulberry Pest
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2021; 9(2): 962-965 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Studies on the susceptibility and cross infectivity www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2021; 9(2): 962-965 of mulberry pest Glyphodes pyloalis Walker to © 2021 JEZS Received: 16-01-2021 silkworm, Bombyx mori L Accepted: 21-02-2021 Abeera Imtiyaz College of Temperate Sericulture, Abeera Imtiyaz, Iqra Rafiq, KA Sahaf, Shabir A Bhat, ZI Buhroo, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Shaheen Gul and S Maqbool of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Abstract Iqra Rafiq In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. pyloalis Walker to the pathogens of silkworm, College of Temperate Sericulture, B. mori L. and susceptibility of the silkworm, B. mori to the pathogens of mulberry pest G. pyloalis was Sher-e-Kashmir University of ascertained. During the study various stages of G. pyloalis were found infected with the Microsporidian Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and (Pebrine) and Nuclear Polyhedral Virus (BmNPV) whereas, fungal and bacterial pathogens were not Kashmir, India observed during the present study. The mean incidence of microsporidian and NPV was observed as 4.22% and 5.99%., respectively. Silkworm, Bombyx mori inoculated with the pathogens isolated from G. KA Sahaf pyloalis (Microsporidian and Nuclear Polyhedral Virus) showed high mortality at larval and pupal stages. College of Temperate Sericulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of However, silkworms inoculated with Microsporidian showed mortality of 53.66% at larval stage whereas Agricultural Sciences and Technology silkworms inoculated with Nuclear Polyhedral Virus showed mortality of 61.00% at larval stage.
    [Show full text]
  • A Genomic Journey Through a Genus of Large DNA Viruses
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Virology Papers Virology, Nebraska Center for 2013 Towards defining the chloroviruses: a genomic journey through a genus of large DNA viruses Adrien Jeanniard Aix-Marseille Université David D. Dunigan University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] James Gurnon University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Irina V. Agarkova University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Ming Kang University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/virologypub Part of the Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Genetics and Genomics Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, Medical Immunology Commons, Medical Pathology Commons, and the Virology Commons Jeanniard, Adrien; Dunigan, David D.; Gurnon, James; Agarkova, Irina V.; Kang, Ming; Vitek, Jason; Duncan, Garry; McClung, O William; Larsen, Megan; Claverie, Jean-Michel; Van Etten, James L.; and Blanc, Guillaume, "Towards defining the chloroviruses: a genomic journey through a genus of large DNA viruses" (2013). Virology Papers. 245. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/virologypub/245 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virology, Nebraska Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Virology Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Adrien Jeanniard, David D. Dunigan, James Gurnon, Irina V. Agarkova, Ming Kang, Jason Vitek, Garry Duncan, O William McClung, Megan Larsen, Jean-Michel Claverie, James L. Van Etten, and Guillaume Blanc This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ virologypub/245 Jeanniard, Dunigan, Gurnon, Agarkova, Kang, Vitek, Duncan, McClung, Larsen, Claverie, Van Etten & Blanc in BMC Genomics (2013) 14.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Freshwater Diatom Genus, &Lt
    1 A new freshwater diatom genus, Theriotia gen. nov. of the Stephanodiscaceae (Bacillariophyta) from south-central China. J.P. Kociolek1,2,3* Q.-M. You1,4, J.G.Stepanek1,2, R.L. Lowe3,5 & Q.-X. Wang4 1Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, 3University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI, USA, 4 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China, 5Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Communicating Editor: Received ; accepted Running title: New genus of Stephanodiscaceae This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/pre.12145 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 2 SUMMARY We describe a new genus and species of the diatom family Stephanodiscaceae with light and scanning electron microscopy from Libo Small Hole, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. Theriotia guizhoiana gen. & sp. nov. has striae across the valve face of varying lengths, and are composed of fine striae towards the margin and onto the mantle. Many round to stellate siliceous nodules cover the exterior of the valve. External fultoportulae opening are short tubes; the opening of the rimportula lacks a tube. Internally a hyaline rim is positioned near the margin.
    [Show full text]