40554-022: Kageshori Ring Road Sub-Project Resettlement Plan
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Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Department of Roads Development Cooperation Implementation Division (DCID) Jwagal, Lalitpur Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP) Public Disclosure Authorized Improvement of Naghdhunga-Naubise-Mugling (NNM) Road Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by Environment & Resource Management Consultant (P) Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized JV with Group of Engineer’s Consortium (P) Ltd., and Udaya Consultancy (P) Ltd.Kathmandu April 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Government of Nepal (GoN) has requested the World Bank (WB) to support the improvements of existing roads that are of vital importance to the country’s economy and regional connectivity through the proposed Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP). The project has four components: (1) Trade Facilitation; (2) Regional Road Connectivity; (3) Institutional Strengthening; and (4) Contingency Emergency Response. Under the second component, this project will carry out the following activities: (a) Improvement of the existing 2-lane Nagdhunga-Naubise-Mugling (NNM) Road; (94.7 km on the pivotal north-south trade corridor connecting Kathmandu and Birgunj) to a 2-lane with 1 m paved shoulders, and (b) Upgrading of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road of the Mahendra Highway (East West Highway) from 2-lane to 4-lane. An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was undertaken during the detailed design phase of the NNM Road to assess the environmental and social risks and impacts of the NNM Road before execution of the project in accordance with the Government of Nepal’s (GoN) requirements and the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). -
Environmental Status of Manahara River, Kathmandu, Nepal
Bulletin of the Department of Geology C Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 21–32 e y n g t o ra l l eo De G partment of Kirtipur Environmental status of Manahara River, Kathmandu, Nepal *Ramita Bajracharya and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT The Manahara River located in northeast part of the Kathmandu Valley has been disturbed for last one decade by several anthropogenic activities and natural causes thereby deteriorating its recreational functions and stream habitat. To obtain an existing environmental condition and disturbances of the river, the river was surveyed for its habitat, pollution level and surface water quality. Among the five representative segments of the river, the downstream segment (Sano Thimi) was scored into intermediate category showing more pollution and environmental deterioration compared to the upstream segments. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and ammonia increase, whereas dissolved oxygen decreases from upstream to downstream with exponential functions. Aquatic lives like Garra sp. (Buduna), Schizothorax sp. (Asala), Channa sp. (Hiele) and Heteropneustes sp. (Singe) were observed except in downstream of the Jadibuti Bridge situated downstream from Sano Thimi stretch. Fish species were rare from the Jadibuti area most probably due to reduced dissoved oxygen (5 mg/l). Coliform bacteria ranged from 3000 to 4000 in the Manahara River showing high amount of bacterial contamination. Major disturbances, which affect river habitat and surface water quality of the Manahara River were destruction of riparian buffer zones, excavation excessive amount of sand from the river, encroachment of floodplains and bars, solid waste and sewer effluent, and tendency of landuse change. -
Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44168-012 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) October 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) District Baseline Reports: Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR) Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TA – 7984 NEP October, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package (44768-012) ACHHAM DISTRICT BASELINE: DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURAL ROADS (DOLIDAR) Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B 1 MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ACHHAM DISTRICT .......................................................................................................... -
Tables Table 1.3.2 Typical Geological Sections
Tables Table 1.3.2 Typical Geological Sections - T 1 - Table 2.3.3 Actual ID No. List of Municipal Wards and VDC Sr. No. ID-No. District Name Sr. No. ID-No. District Name Sr. No. ID-No. District Name 1 11011 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.1 73 10191 Kathmandu Gagalphedi 145 20131 Lalitpur Harisiddhi 2 11021 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.2 74 10201 Kathmandu Gokarneshwar 146 20141 Lalitpur Imadol 3 11031 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.3 75 10211 Kathmandu Goldhunga 147 20151 Lalitpur Jharuwarasi 4 11041 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.4 76 10221 Kathmandu Gongabu 148 20161 Lalitpur Khokana 5 11051 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.5 77 10231 Kathmandu Gothatar 149 20171 Lalitpur Lamatar 6 11061 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.6 78 10241 Kathmandu Ichankhu Narayan 150 20181 Lalitpur Lele 7 11071 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.7 79 10251 Kathmandu Indrayani 151 20191 Lalitpur Lubhu 8 11081 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.8 80 10261 Kathmandu Jhor Mahakal 152 20201 Lalitpur Nallu 9 11091 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.9 81 10271 Kathmandu Jitpurphedi 153 20211 Lalitpur Sainbu 10 11101 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.10 82 10281 Kathmandu Jorpati 154 20221 Lalitpur Siddhipur 11 11111 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.11 83 10291 Kathmandu Kabresthali 155 20231 Lalitpur Sunakothi 12 11121 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.12 84 10301 Kathmandu Kapan 156 20241 Lalitpur Thaiba 13 11131 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.13 85 10311 Kathmandu Khadka Bhadrakali 157 20251 Lalitpur Thecho 14 11141 Kathmandu Kathmandu Ward No.14 86 10321 Kathmandu Lapsephedi 158 20261 Lalitpur Tikathali 15 11151 Kathmandu -
Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014. -
NPL LOG Kathmandutdistrict El
Nepal - Kathmandu District - Elevation map 800 Keureni Tharpuphantgaun Adhikaritol Thapagaun Thulogaun Chhap Sarvadev Palchen m 1200 Chhapthok Parthok Patibhanjyang 800 1000 Mijartol 1200 Banskote Batase e Phulbari Handigaun Bhetwalthok la 1200 Narsingtol Chagaun Mehele m Khanigau 00 D NUWAKOT 1000 c Chilanthok Upallo r h 10 Keureni Koldhunga 1400 Chilaune iv i h 1600 er a Pundi 18 Phulbari Talakhu 1800 r Chihandanda Tikhe 00 Ghartitol Dandatol 1400 Nigleni n Lauke Sikre Ghateretol e Dhungrepauwa Pakha Gairigaun Swara K Gairitol Karanglung 1000 1000 Lamichhanegaun 1000 Pakhure Chautaratol Swarthok Mahadev Pakhrin h Bhetwalthok Geragaun RUSSIA o Danda Kattike Bagaicha l 1200 Ambote a Bhote ± Katunje 1000 Mathillo Dandagaun Okhareni Phedigaun Salmi Dandakateri Thansing Dhungeltol Paundi Pargang Dahapokhari Dhusenichaur Bahuntol Dhunge Danuwargaun Okhle Hulakichhahare Chaiju Swanratol Dobhantar Rampur KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA Ranipauwa Hattigaunda Bansgode Targaun Thakani Simle Rangmen Majuwa Sanomusure 1200 Bhange Arukharka Tar 27°50'0"N Bindutol Chihandanda Amale Dhuseni CHINA Jurethum Tinghare Thana Babrang Damaitol Gairidanda 1400 Melamchi Chhaharegaun Bhanjyang Katunje Majuwagaun 00 Bhumesthan Patle 1200 14 INDIA Dharapani Chhapeli Jarayotar Simle Luchchegaun Kharibhanjyang Puchhartol Musure Tharigaun Dobhan Hattigaunda Lakure Nepane Gurje Arkhaule Sinche Amale Pandegaun Patle Sindhukot Tarebhir Sarkitol Kandegaun Nayangaun Gurunggaun Dandathok Deurali Sulikot Bahungaun Naphunche Bhadaure Barudandagaun Dhansar Khadkachhap Ghyang Daduwa Golbhitta -
Kathmandu - Bhaktapur 0 0 0 0 5 5
85°22'0"E 85°24'0"E 85°26'0"E 85°28'0"E 85°30'0"E 340000 342500 345000 347500 350000 352500 GLIDE number: N/A Activation ID: EMSN012 Product N.: Reference - A2 NEPAL, v2 Kathmandu - Bhaktapur 0 0 0 0 5 5 7 7 Reference map 7 7 0 0 3 3 2014 - Detail 25k Sheet A2 Production Date: 18/07/2014 N " A1 !Gonggabu A2 A3 0 ' 8 !Jorpati 4 E N ° E " ! 7 Kathmandu E 0 ' 2 E E 8 4 ! ° Kirtipur Madh!yapur ! 7 Bhaktapur 2 B1 B2 0 ú 0 0 Budanilkantha 0 ! B 0 0 5 5 7 7 0 di n 0 3 Na Sundarijal 3 0 5 10 km /" ati um ! hn B Bis ! B ! B ú Cartographic Information 1:25000 Full color A1, high resolution (300 dpi) ! B ! B n ChapaliBhadrakali Meters ú nn n 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 n n Grid: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 45N map coordinate system ! B ! B Tick Marks: WGS 84 geographical coordinate system n n ú ú n n WX Legend n n n n ! B Hydrography Transportation Urban Areas n ! B ! River Line (500>=m) Crossing Point (<500m) B d n Built Up Area a ú o ú R Intermittent Bridge Point Agricultural ! n in B ! B ! ! ú B a B ú n Perennial WX M ! Culvert Commercial r ú n B ú ta õö u River Area (>=1Ha) XY lf Ford Educational o n ! G n B n n Intermittent Crossing Line (>=500m) Industrial n ú Perennial Bridge 0 0 Institutional N n 0 n 0 " n ú 5 5 0 Reservoir Point (<1Ha) 2 2 Culvert ' Medical 7 7 6 ú 0 0 õö 4 3 3 E N Reservoir Point ° Ford E " Military 7 E 0 ' 2 E Reservoir Area (>=1Ha) 4 ú n Baluwa E 6 Ï Tunnel Point (<500m) Other 4 ! B IC ° ! B Intermittent ! B n n n 7 TunnelLine (>=500m) ú n 2 Recreational/Sports n Perennial n n Airfield Point (<1Ha) Religious ú n Ditch -
EFFECTIVE DATE : 30 January, 2020
TEL:977-4257667 4262518 AIRAC FAX: 977-l-4262516 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION AIP AFS: VNKTYOYX MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT AMENDMENT c aanais @c aanep al. go v. np CIVIL AVIATION AUTIIORITY OF 03n9 NEPAL BABARMAHAL KATHMANDU 19 December 2019 EFFECTIVE DATE : 30 JANUARy, 2020 Contents 1.1 AD Tribhuvan International Airport - PAPI RW1. 20 is restricted to be usable within 3NM from Runway Threshold with clearly visible. 1.2 AD Tribhuvan International Airport - Amendment in voR Rwy 02 Instrument Approach Chart - ICAO 1.3 AD Tribhuvan International Airport - Amendment in Heli-lane on 30 January 2a20 remove and insert following pages: Remove the following pages: Insert the following pages: GENERAL (GEN) GEN 0.4-4 30 April 2019 GEN 0,4-4 30 JANUARY 2O2O \TNKT AD 2-10 30 April2019 \TNKT AD 2- 10 30 JANUARY 2O2O \TNKT AD 2-36 O1 JULY 2018 \NKT AD 2.36 30 JANUARY 2O2O 30 JANUARY 2O2O VNKT AD 2-55 30 JANUARY 2O2O \TNKT AD 2-56 30 JANUARY 2O2O 30 ANUARY 2O2O 3. This AIRAC AIP Amendment supersedes NorAM: A02g3lrg GEN 0.4-4 AIP 30 January 2020 NEPAL PART 3 – AERODROMES (AD) VNKT AD 2 – 21 01 JULY2018 AD 0 AD 0.6 – 1 01 JULY2018 VNKT AD 2 – 22 01 JULY2018 AD 0.6 – 2 01 JULY2018 VNKT AD 2 – 23 01 JULY2018 AD 0.6 – 3 30 APRIL 2019 VNKT AD 2 – 24 01 JULY2018 AD 0.6 – 4 01 JULY2018 VNKT AD 2 – 25 01 JULY2018 AD 0.6 – 5 30 APRIL 2019 VNKT AD 2 – 26 01 JULY2018 AD 0.6 – 6 01 JULY2018 VNKT AD 2 – 27 01 JULY2018 AD 0.6 – 7 30 APRIL 2019 VNKT AD 2 – 28 01 JULY2018 AD 1 AD 1.1 – 1 30 APRIL 2019 VNKT AD 2 – 29 01 JULY2018 AD 1.1 – 2 30 APRIL 2019 VNKT AD 2 – 30 01 JULY2018 -
NEPAL: Kathmandu - Operational Presence Map (As of 30 Jun 2015)
NEPAL: Kathmandu - Operational Presence Map (as of 30 Jun 2015) As of 30 June 2015, 110 organizations are reported to be working in Kathmandu district Number of organizations per cluster Health Shelter NUMBER OF ORGANI WASH Protection Protection Education Nutrition 22 5 1 20 20 40 ZATIONS PER VDC No. of Org Gorkha Health No data Dhading Rasuwa 1 Nuwakot 2 - 4 Makawanpur Shelter 5 - 7 8 - 18 Sindhupalchok INDIA CHINA Kabhrepalanchok No. of Org Dolakha Sindhuli Ramechhap Education No data 1 No. of Org Okhaldunga 2 - 10 WASH 11- 15 No data 16 - 40 1 - 2 Creation date: Glide number: Sources: 3 - 4 The boundaries and names shown and the desi 4 - 5 No. of Org 10 July 20156 EQ-2015-000048-NPL- 8 Cluster reporting No data No. of Org 1 2 Nutrition gnations used on this map do not imply offici 3 No data 4 1 2 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 13 al endorsement or acceptance by the Uni No. of Org Feedback: No data [email protected] www.humanitarianresponse.info1 2 ted Nations. 3 4 Kathmandu District List of organizations by VDC and cluster Health Protection Shelter and NFI WASH Nutrition Edaucation VDC name Alapot UNICEF,WHO Caritas Nepal,HDRVG SDPC Restless Badbhanjyang UNICEF,WHO HDRVG OXFAM SDPC Restless Sangkhu Bajrayogini HERD,UNICEF,WHO IRW,MC IMC,OXFAM SDPC NSET Balambu UNICEF,WHO GIZ,LWF IMC UNICEF,WHO DCWB,Women for Human Rights Caritas Nepal RMSO,Child NGO Foundation Baluwa Bhadrabas UNICEF,WHO SDPC Bhimdhunga UNICEF,WHO WV NRCS,WV SDPC Restless JANTRA,UNICEF,WHO,CIVCT Nepal DCWB,CIVCT Nepal,CWISH,The Child NGO Foundation,GIZ,Global SDPC Restless Himalayan Innovative Society Medic,NRCS,RMSO Budhanilkantha UNICEF,WHO ADRA,AWO International e. -
Community Based Development and Urban Conservation in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal
Community based development and urban conservation in Kathmandu valley of Nepal Learning from Conservation and Development Program in Madhyapur Thimi Master Thesis by Blanca Villar Mateo Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Nebel Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Urban Management at Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, July 2014 Statement of authenticity of material This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institution and t o the bes t of my knowledge and belief, the r esearch contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text of the thesis. Blanca Villar Mateo Berlin, July 2014 2 Abstract Kathmandu valley of Nepal is a significant ancient living urban heritage with outstanding cultural, social, economic and historic values. While World Heritage Sites have been receiving international attention and funding, a great number of national, but especially local heritage areas, are being transformed by forces of globalization and urbanization without enough resources from responsible institutions in the national and local level. On the other hand, the country is facing other challenges, and is trying to overcome poverty and inequality through policies and periodic development plans. These efforts enter in contradiction, in some cases, with preservation of its cultural heritage; which was traditionally managed by community systems, as the guthis in Kathmandu valley. The prolonged political instability also affects efficiency and limits the role of local governments in addressing their inhabitants and their needs. This research studies paradigms of urban conservation and community based development in order to understand the factors which affect societies living in local heritage areas of Kathmandu valley. -
200 Dpi) ! B ! B N Chapalibhadrakali Meters Ú Nn N 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
85°22'0"E 85°24'0"E 85°26'0"E 85°28'0"E 85°30'0"E 340000 342500 345000 347500 350000 352500 GLIDE number: N/A Activation ID: EMSN012 Product N.: Reference - A2 NEPAL, v2 Kathmandu - Bhaktapur 0 0 0 0 5 5 7 7 Reference map 7 7 0 0 3 3 2014 - Detail 25k Sheet A2 Production Date: 18/07/2014 N " A1 !Gonggabu A2 A3 0 ' 8 !Jorpati 4 E N ° E " !Kathmandu 7 E 0 ' 2 E E 8 4 ! ° Kirtipur Madh!yapur ! 7 Bhaktapur 2 B1 B2 0 ú 0 0 Budanilkantha 0 ! B 0 0 5 5 7 7 0 di n 0 3 Sundarijal 3 Na 0 5 10 km /" ati um ! hn B Bis ! B ! B ú Cartographic Information 1:25000 Full color A1, medium resolution (200 dpi) ! B ! B n ChapaliBhadrakali Meters ú nn n 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 n n Grid: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 45N map coordinate system ! B ! B n Tick Marks: WGS 84 geographical coordinate system n ú ú n n WX Legend n n n n ! B Hydrography Transportation Urban Areas n ! B ! River Line (500>=m) Crossing Point (<500m) Built Up Area B d n a ú o ú R Intermittent Bridge Point Agricultural ! n in B ! B ! ! ú B a B ú n Perennial WX Culvert Commercial M ! r ú n B ú ta õö u River Area (>=1Ha) XY lf Ford Educational o n ! G n B n n Intermittent Crossing Line (>=500m) Industrial n ú Perennial Bridge 0 0 Institutional N n 0 n 0 " ú 5 n 5 Reservoir Point (<1Ha) 0 2 2 Culvert ' Medical 7 7 6 ú 0 0 õö 4 N 3 E 3 Reservoir Point Ford ° E " Military 7 E 0 ' 2 E Reservoir Area (>=1Ha) 4 ú n Baluwa E 6 Ï Tunnel Point (<500m) Other 4 ! B ° ! IC Intermittent B ! B n n n 7 TunnelLine (>=500m) Recreational/Sports ú n 2 n Perennial n n Airfield Point (<1Ha) Religious ú n Ditch -
NRES Annual Performance Report #1 7May18.Docx
NEPAL RECONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING SERVICES Annual Performance Report No. 01 Year 1, April 2017 – March 2018 May 7, 2018 This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by CDM International Inc. 1 | MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT USAID.GOV NEPAL RECONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING SERVICES Annual Performance Report No. 01 Year 1, April 2017 – March 2018 Submitted by: Tarek Selim/COP CDM International Inc. 150 Sai Marg KMC Ward No. 3, Bansbari Kathmandu, Nepal 44600 Tel: +977-4372447 Email: [email protected] Submitted to: Muhammad Khan, Deputy Director DR4/TO COR USAID Nepal US Embassy, Maharajgunj Kathmandu, Nepal USAID Program Name: Nepal Reconstruction Engineering Services Project USAID Contract No.: AID-OAA-I-15-00047 USAID Task Order No.: AID-367-TO-17-00001 Report Date: May 7, 2018 This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. In Nepali USAID.GOV ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT - YEAR I | 1 CONTENTS ACRONYMS 4 1. BACKGROUND AND REPORT PURPOSE 6 1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT 6 1.2 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION 6 2 PROJECT INITIATION AND MANAGEMENT 7 2.1 MOBILIZATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF OPERATIONS IN NEPAL 7 2.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 9 2.3 NRES TEAM SUBCONTRACTORS 9 2.4 NRES CORE TEAM AND ORGANIZATION 10 2.5 SHORT TERM TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS 12 2.6 KEY PERSONNEL CHANGES DURING YEAR 1 12 2.7 OTHER