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CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEW 2015 INSIDE › CAN FILTER-feeding bivALVES INGEST PLANKTONIC SEA LICE, LEADING TO REDUCED SEA LICE NUMBERS ON CULTIVATED SALMON? › DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES TO PROMOTE THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF WALLEYE (SANDER VITREUS) larVAE IN INTENSIVE CULTURE › ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF ATLANTIC SALMON DEFORMITIES IN PRODUCtion – envirONMENTAL OR GENETIcs? › PREDICTIVE MODELING FOR PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING IN BAYNES SOUND, BC AQUACULTURE ASSOCIATION OF CANADA SPECIAL PUBLICAtion 24 Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2015 AAC Special Publication #24 ISBN: 978-0-9881415-5-1 © 2015 Aquaculture Association of Canada Cover Photo (Front): Juvenile California Sea Cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, perched on an oyster clump amid a forest of oyster culture strings (Photo courtesy of Dan Curtis – DFO) Photo Inside Cover (Front): New Brunswick aquaculture site (Photo: DFO) Photo Cover (Back): Shutterstock Photo Inside Cover (Back): Rainbow Trout hatchlings, New Dundee Ontario (Photo: DFO) The Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2015 has been published with support provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program (ACRDP) and the Aquaculture Association of Canada (AAC). Submitted materials may have been edited for length and writing style. Projects not included in this edition should be submitted before the deadline to be set for the next edition. Editors: Dan McPhee, Tara Donaghy, Johannie Duhaime, and G. Jay Parsons Cited as: D McPhee, T Donaghy, J Duhaime, and GJ Parsons (eds). Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2015. Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication 24 (2015) CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEw 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ❙ FINFISH: FRESHWATER .................................... 3 ❙ FINFISH: SALMON ........................................... 15 ❙ SEA LICE ..............................................................28 ❙ FISH HEALTH .....................................................38 ❙ ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS ........ 54 ❙ CIMTAN .............................................................. 69 ❙ SHELLFISH: MUSSELS .................................... 80 ❙ SHELLFISH: OYSTERS .....................................88 ❙ SHELLFISH: OTHER .........................................97 ❙ MISCELLANEOUS ......................................... 105 ❙ ORGANIZATIONS ...........................................121 ❙ GLOSSARY ........................................................130 ❙ INDEX OF PROJECT LEADS ......................132 1 CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEw 2015 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the sixth edition of the biannual Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review. The review is an ongoing compendium of the aquaculture research and development projects that have been underway over the past two years from all across Canada, whether they are from academia, government labs, or other research organisations. The review contains over 200 project descriptions detailing an impressive array of topics, disciplines, species and geography. Projects include marine and freshwater species, and a range of topics from finfish and shellfish health, production, husbandry technology, nutrition, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and environmental interactions to name a few. This is the third issue of the review that has been produced by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in partnership with the Aquaculture Association of Canada (AAC). This partnership is highly relevant, and mutually beneficial to our respective roles in the area of knowledge mobilisation at both the AAC and DFO. This collaboration has allowed us to produce this 2015 edition as an AAC Special Publication. Electronic versions of this document are available on both the DFO and AAC websites. Aquaculture continues to be an important and growing sector of the seafood industry in Canada as well as globally. As aquaculture continues to grow, the role of science in supporting the sustainable and responsible development of this sector is more crucial than ever. This is coupled with the growing need for healthy and nutritious seafood products and ensuring that it occurs in an environmentally responsible manner. The AAC wants to showcase advances in aquaculture research in Canada and provide this information to its members for an expanded dialogue on present and future challenges and opportunities for the industry. This publication falls within the AAC’s mandate of disseminating knowledge and further education and we hope it will be of interest to a wide audience. Likewise, Fisheries and Oceans Canada has a mandate to enable the sustainable development of Canada’s aquatic resources, including aquaculture, and to provide access to information on its scientific activities underway within the department and elsewhere in Canada. Publication of ongoing aquaculture research in the Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review contributes towards achieving our shared mandates and to reach out to the science community, interested stakeholders, and the public. We would like to take the opportunity to recognize and thank several people who contributed significantly to the production of this Review. Dan McPhee (DFO) undertook the overall coordination of this project and was instrumental in seeing this project through to completion from beginning to end. Johannie Duhaime, Tara Donaghy, Alex Tuen, Patricia Hunter, Emily Nelson, Bernadette Charpentier, and Ingrid Burgetz were also actively involved in various aspects of this project. Finally, Roger Wysocki provided oversight for all coordination of the project. We would also like to thank the AAC office staff for their support. Jay Parsons, PhD Kathy Brewer-Dalton Ecosystems and Oceans Science Sector President Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Association of Canada 2 CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEw 2015 FINFISH: F› EFFECTRE OF STRESS IN SEXSUALLY MAHWATERTURING › DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES TO › META-ANALYSIS OF FRESHWATER FEMALE BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS PROMOTE THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF AQUACULTURE PROVINCIAL WATER FONTINALIS) ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT WALLEYE (SANDER VITREUS) LARVAE IN QUALITY MONITORING DATA AND GENE EXPRESSION RELATED TO GROWTH INTENSIVE CULTURE › EFFECTS OF ENZYMES TREATED RED YEAST IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT STAGES › STUDY OF THE DIGESTIBILITY OF FLY LARVAE ON GROWTH, ASTAXANTHIN DIGESTIBILITY, › OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURED WALLEYE PRODUCT-BASED DIETS IN RAINBOW TROUT AND PIGMENTATION OF RAINBOW TROUT (SANDER VITREUS) EGG QUALITY › THE TRANSCRIPTOME AS A TOOL FOR › REDUCING THE PROBLEM OF EARLY › REARING DEEPWATER CISCO (COREGONUS UNDERSTANDING AND EARLY DETECTION SEXUAL MATURATION IN ARCTIC CHARR HOYI) IN CAPTIVITY FROM HATCH FOR OF VERTEBRAL MALFORMATIONS LINKED (SALVELINUS ALPINUS) RE-INDRODUCTION TO LAKE ONTARIO TO PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IN › ASSESSING ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS RAINBOW TROUT › PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TWO BETWEEN AQUACULTURE AND WILD STRAINS CANADIAN STRAINS OF ARCTIC CHARR › DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIVE MODELING OF RAINBOW TROUT AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES TO TOOLS TO ASSIST WITH FRESHWATER › EvaLUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE DIETS FORMULATED WITH PLANT AQUACULTURE SITE LICENSING DECISIONS AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF ACRTIC CHARR PROTEIN INGREDIENTS › TOWARD EARLY DETECTION OF VERTEBRAL (frASER STRAin - siXTH GENERAtion) › GENETIC SELECTION PROGRAM TO ANOMALIES LINKED TO PHOSPHORUS REARED IN A COMMERCIAL OPERATION ACHIEVE IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF DEFICIENCY IN FARMED RAINBOW › EvaLUATION OF RATION REDUCTIONS ON BROOK TROUT STOCK FOR AQUACULTURE TROUT THROUGH MORPHOMETRIC THE GROWTH, FEED CONVERSION, AND IN QUEBEC MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X-RAYS SOMATIC INDICES OF RAINBOW TROUT › DEVELOPMENT OF GENOMIC RESOURCES › TOWARD BETTER CHARACTERIZATION OF › AQUASTATS: ONTARIO AQUACULTURE FOR ATLANTIC STURGEON USING NEXT- WASTE (NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SOLIDS) STATISTICS PROGRAM GENERATION SEQUENCING GENERATED BY TROUT FED WITH COMMERCIAL FEED CURRENTLY USED › ASSESSING THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF IN CANADA SYNTHETIC METHIONINE AND LYSINE FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) 3 CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEw 2015 EFFECT OF STRESS IN SEXUALLY MATURING FEMALE BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND GENE EXPRESSION RELATED TO GROWTH IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT STAGES This project will improve the understanding Females were subjected to various chronic of the possible molecular impacts that stresses during oogenesis (weekly manual parental stress may have on the fitness of stress, feed containing cortisol) and Brook Trout embryos, a cultured species unstressed female eggs were immersed of importance for stocking in Quebec. This in a cortisol solution for three hours before research is related to the improvement of fertilization. Various phenotypic traits were production and culture methods, especially measured in the offspring of these females with regard to the health of the animals throughout embryonic development. Real- used in aquaculture. time quantitative PCR will be conducted on sampled fry to measure targeted gene In teleosts, maternal factors such as hormones expression. can enter the oocytes during gonad maturation. In some species, major cortisol concentrations can be transferred into SEP. 2013–AUG. 2015 the oocytes when females are subjected to FUNDED BY: Fonds de recherche du Québec – chronic stress during gonadal development. Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) – Team This can have harmful effects on juvenile grants program CO-FUNDED BY: Ressources Aquatiques Québec (RAQ) development. The objectives of this project are to quantify the
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