DOCSLIB.ORG

Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae _??_1987 by Cytologia, Tokyo Cytologia 52: 343-356, 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae R. Selvaraj Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, India Accepted March 5, 1986 The Rubiaceae is popularly known as Madder family. Rubiaceae consist of 450 genera including 5,500 species and is one of the largest families of Dicotyledons. Majority of the taxa of Rubiaceae distributed both in tropical and temperate regions. There are 216 species coming in 45 genera in South India (Gamble 1957). Many workers have studied this family for cytological and cytogenetical investigations as well, but there has been no proper cyto genetical investigation as far as the South Indian taxa concerned. An attempt is made in the present work to understand the cytotaxonomical relationship in the light of our findings. Besides, in some of the taxa under investigation no record of cytological work is available and in others, the present study is for the sake of revision and or confirmation. Materials and methods The selected healthy fresh excised root tips were pretreated in 0.002M aqueous solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline kept at 4•Ž for 3 hours. After thorough washing, the root tips were fi xed in 1:3 acetic alcohol mixture (1:3) for at least three hours or overnight. Then they were squashed following Marimuthu and Subramaniam's (1960) iron alum haematoxylin squash schedule. Important plates were drawn with Abbe's camera lucida and some of them photo graphed. The chromosome numbers of taxa determined in the present study are listed in Table 1. Observations The following categorization of chromosomes has been made, with a view to describe the karyotype and to represent the same by karyotype formulae. This facilitates the understading of interspecific and intergeneric relationships of the taxa analysed. Type: A-Long chromosome (more than 5ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. B-Long chromosome (more than 5ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. C-Long chromosome (more than 5ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. D-Medium chromosome (3ƒÊ to 5ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. E-Medium chromosome (3ƒÊ to 5ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. F-Medium chromosome (3ƒÊ to 5ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. G-Short chromosome (1ƒÊ to 3ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. H-Short chromosome (1ƒÊ to 3ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. I-Short chromosome (1ƒÊ to 3ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. J-Very short chromosome (less than 1ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. K-Very short chromosome (less than 1ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. L-Very short chromosome (less than 1ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. B•L-B-chromosomes 344 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 Table 1. Chromosome numbers of the species investigated (Vide Fedorov 1974) 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 345 Table 1. continued 346 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 Table 1. continued Superscript S-Denotes the presence of satellite The diploid chromosome number of taxa; absolute chromosome length; range; karyotype and special remarks are the main features of observations in the present study listed in Table 2. Discussion The chromosome counts of 41 species belonging to 24 genera resolved in the present study are listed in Table 1. They range from 2n=18 to 2n=72. Of the 41 taxa studied, first record of chromosome counts have been made in Oldenlandia wightii, Neanotis indica, Ophiorrhiza pectinata, Mussaenda tomentosa, Knoxia mollis, K. wigh tiana, Pavetta tomentosa, P. indica var. montana, Coffea arabica var. San Ramon, Psychotria nudiflora and Luculia gratissima. Deviant chromosome counts have been observed as against the previous reports in Oldenlandia biflora and Serissa foetida. In the rest of the species studied, the present report of chromosome numbers confirms the earlier records of chromosome num bers. The present report of diploid number in Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana confirms that of Mendes (1939), in Dentella repens that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Oldenlandia corymbosa that of Lewis (1965), in O. herbacea that of Lewis (1965), in O. umbellata that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941),in O. biflora that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Mussaenda hirsutissima that of Khoshoo and Bhatia (1963), in M. erythrophylla that of Fagerlind (1937), in Hamelia patens that of Lewis (1962), in Tarenna asiatica that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Canthium parvii forum that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Ixora coccinea that of Sharma and Chatterji (1960), in I. singaporensis that of Sharma and Chatterji (1960), in I. chinensis that of Sharma and Chatterji (1960), in Pavetta laeta that of Homeyer (1932), in Coffea arabica that of Mendes (1938b) and Krug (1936, 1937), in C. robusta that of Heyn (1936), Orlido and Capinpin (1957), in C. excelsa that of Fagerlind (1937), in Morinda coreia that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Borreria articularis that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in B. pusilla that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), Ruaia cordifolia that of Khoshoo and Bhatia (1963), in Galium rotundifolium that of Khoshoo and Bhatia (1963), in G. asperifolium that of Fagerlind (1937), in Pentas lanceolata that of Lewis (1962), in Guettarda speciosa that of Raghavan and Srinivasan (1941b), in Coprosma lucida that of Homeyer (1935), in C. baueri that of Poucques (1949a), in Rondeletia amoena that of Fagerlind (1937), and in Serissa foetida that of Fagerlind (1937). 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 347 Out of the 41 species studied here, 2n= 18 chromosomes have been observed in Oldenlandia herbacea, 2n=20 chromosomes have been observed in Pentas lanceolata, 2n=22 chromosomes have been observed in the following species like Mussaenda tomentosa, M. hirsutissima, M. erythrophylla, Tarenna asiatica, Ixora coccinea, I. singaporensis, I. chinensis, Pavetta laeta, P. tomentosa, P. indica var. montana, Coffea robusta, Psychotria nudiflora, Morinda coreia, Rubia Figs. 1-41a. Drawings of mitotic metaphase plates (except. Figs. 32, 35).•~1250. 1, Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana (2n=34). 2, Dentella repens (2n=36). 3, Oldenlandia corymbosa (2n= 36). 4, O. herbacea (2n=18). 5, O. umbellata (2n=36). 6, O. wightii (2n=36). 7, O. biflora (2n=54). 7a, O. biflora (2n=72). 8, Neanotis indica (2n=72). 9, Ophiorrhiza pectinata (2n=44). 10, Mussaenda tomentosa (2n=22). 11, M. hirsutissima (2n=22). 1la, M. hirsutissima (2n= 22). 12, M. erythrophylla (2n=22). 13, Hamelia patens (2n=24). 14, Tarenna asiatica (2n=22). Table 2. Table pertaining the details of the name of the taxa, its absolute chromosome lengths, range, karyotype and remarks of the various species of Rubiaceae studied here 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 349 350 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 cordifolia, Galium rotundifolium, Coprosma baueri and Serissa foetida, 2n=24 chromosomes have been observed in Hamelia patens, 2n=34 chromosomes have been observed in Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana, 2n=36 chromosomes have been observed in the following species of Figs. 14a-30. 14a, Tarenna asiatica (2n=22). 15, Knoxia mollis (2n=44). 16, K. wightiana (2n=44). 17, Canthium parviflorum (2n=44). 18, Ixora coccinea (2n=22). 19, IL singaporensis (2n=22). 20, IL chinensis (2n=22). 21, Pavetta laeta (2n=22). 22, P. tomentosa (2n=22). 23, P. indica var. montana (2n=22). 24, Coffea arabica (2n=44). 25, C. arabica var. San Ramon (2n=44). 26, C. robusta (2n=22). 26a, C. robusta (2n=44). 26b, C. robusta (2n=40). 27, C. excelsa (2n=44). 28, Psychotria nudiflora (2n=22). 28a, P. nudiflora (2n=44). 29, Morinda coreia (2n=22). 30. Borreria articularis (2n=56). 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 351 Dentella repens, Oldenlandia corymbosa, O. umbellata and O. wightii, 2n=40 chromosomes have been observed in Rondeletia amoena, 2n=44 chromosomes have been observed in the species of Ophiorrhiza pectinata, Knoxia mollis, K. wightiana, Canthium parviflorum, Coffea arabica, Figs. 31-41a. 31, Borreria pusilla (2n=56). 32, Rubia cordifolia (2n=22)-prometaphase. 32a, R. cordifolia (2n=22). 33, Galium rotundifolium (2n=22). 34, G. asperifolium (2n=44). 34a, G. asperifolium (2n=66). 35, Pentas lanceolata (2n=20)-prometaphase. 35a, P. lanceolata (2n=20). 36, Guettarda speciosa (2n=44). 37, Coprosma lucida (2n=44). 38, C. baueri (2n=22). 39, Rondeletia amoena (2n=40). 40, Luculia gratissima (2n=44). 41, Serissa foetida (2n=22). 41 a, S. foetida (2n=44). 352 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 C. arabica var. San Ramon, C. excelsa, Galium asperifolium, Guettarda speciosa, Coprosma lucida and Luculia gratissima, 2n=54 chromosomes have been observed in Oldenlandia biftora, 2n= 56 chromosomes have been observed in Borreria articularis and in B. pusilla, and 2n=72 chro Figs. 42-55. Photomicrographs of mitotic metaphase plates. 42, Cinchona calisava var . ledgeriana (2n=34). 43, Ophiorrhiza pectinata (2n=44). 44, Hamelia patens (2n=24) . 45, Ixora chinensis (2n=22). 46, Pavetta laeta (2n=22). 47, Ixora coccinea (2n=22). 48, Mus saenda erythrophylla (2n=22). 49, Tarenna asiatica (2n=22). 50, Mussaenda tomentosa (2n=22) . 51, Pavetta indica var. montana (2n=22). 52, Neanotis indica (2n=72). 53, Ixora singaporensis (2n=22). 54, Coffea robusta (2n=22). 55, Borreria pusilla (2n=56). •~1250. 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 353 mosomes have been observed in Neanotis indica. A common survey of the chromosome numbers in Rubiaceae reveals the existence of graded series of haploid numbers, namely, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 66, 77, 91, 94 and 110 (the so-called Carex type and Antirrhinum type of Tischler (1937), suggesting an increase by a few chromosome or by one chromosome). Of these haploid numbers, n=11 and n=22 represented the highest frequency among the taxa so far investigated in the family and in this present investigation the taxa showed the same haploid numbers, n=11 and n=22, representing Figs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Identity of the African Firebush (Hamelia) in the Ornamental Nursery Trade
    HORTSCIENCE 39(6):1224–1226. 2004. and may be extinct. Hamelia versicolor occurs in southern Mexico and partially overlaps with the Mexican populations of H. patens. The The Identity of the African Firebush latter is the most common of all the species and is subdivided into two varieties: H. patens (Hamelia) in the Ornamental Nursery var. patens and H. patens var. glabra Oersted. The widespread H. patens var. patens is found Trade from Florida, the West Indies, and Mexico to Brazil and Argentina. Typically H. patens var. Thomas S. Elias and Margaret R. Pooler patens has red to red-orange fl owers, large U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National ovate leaves that are moderately to densely Arboretum, 3501 New York Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20002-1958 pubescent, with large variation in leaf size, degree of pubescence, and fl ower and fruit size Additional index words. amplifi ed fragment length polymorphism, AFLP, Rubiaceae, scarlet (Fig. 1, middle). Hamelia patens var. glabra bush, taxonomy, tropical shrub is found in southern Mexico and disjunctly in northern South America, and has smaller, nar- Abstract. The neotropical shrub Hamelia patens Jacq. has been cultivated as an ornamen- rowly ovate pubescent leaves, a more compact tal in the United States, Great Britain, and South Africa for many years, although only in habit, and yellow to yellow-orange fl owers limited numbers and as a minor element in the trade. Recently, other taxa of Hamelia have (Fig. 1, bottom). been grown and evaluated as new fl owering shrubs. The relatively recent introduction of a Specimens of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Trees and Plants for Birds and People in the Caribbean Planting for Birds in the Caribbean
    Native Trees and Plants for Birds and People in the Caribbean Planting for Birds in the Caribbean If you’re a bird lover yearning for a brighter, busier backyard, native plants are your best bet. The Caribbean’s native trees, shrubs and flowers are great for birds and other wildlife, and they’re also a part of the region’s unique natural heritage. There’s no better way to celebrate the beauty, culture and birds of the Caribbean than helping some native plants get their roots down. The Habitat Around You Habitat restoration sounds like something that is done by governments in national parks, but in reality it can take many forms. Native plants can turn backyards and neighborhood parks into natural habitats that attract and sustain birds and other wildlife. In the Caribbean, land is precious—particularly the coastal areas where so many of us live. Restoring native habitat within our neighborhoods allows us to share the land with native plants and animals. Of course, it doesn’t just benefit the birds. Native landscaping makes neighborhoods more beautiful and keeps us in touch with Caribbean traditions. Why Native Plants? Many plants can help birds and beautify neighborhoods, but native plants really stand out. Our native plants and animals have developed over millions of years to live in harmony: pigeons eat fruits and then disperse seeds, hummingbirds pollinate flowers while sipping nectar. While many plants can benefit birds, native plants almost always do so best due to the partnerships they have developed over the ages. In addition to helping birds, native plants are themselves worthy of celebration.
    [Show full text]
  • Influences on Fungal Community Composition in Roots and Soil Of
    INFLUENCES ON FUNGAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN ROOTS AND SOIL OF COFFEE AND OTHER RUBIACEAE IN COSTA RICA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Elizabeth Christine Sternhagen In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Program: Environmental and Conservation Sciences December 2018 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title INFLUENCES ON FUNGAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN ROOTS AND SOIL OF COFFEE AND OTHER RUBIACEAE IN COSTA RICA By Elizabeth Christine Sternhagen The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Laura Aldrich-Wolfe Chair Dr. Jon Sweetman Dr. Berlin Nelson Approved: 7 December 2018 Craig Stockwell Date Department Chair ABSTRACT Belowground fungi interact with plants directly as pathogens and mutualists, and indirectly as nutrient cyclers, yet the factors governing fungal community composition are poorly understood. Here I examined root and soil fungi of coffee (Coffea arabica) and eight native species in the coffee family to determine 1.) whether coffee management affects guild structure of fungal communities in coffee roots and 2.) relative importance of microclimate and plant host relatedness in structuring belowground fungal communities of coffee and forest Rubiaceae. Coffee management resulted in differences in the soil environment that were associated with the richness and abundance of several fungal guilds. Soil environment differed between coffee field and forest habitats. Light availability differed by tree species, and the effect of light niche on fungal community composition was indifferentiable from a host effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of the Maya Forest Garden: Maya Resource Management
    ORIGINS OF THE MAYA FOREST GARDEN: MAYA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Anabel Ford and Ronald Nigh Journal of Ethnobiology 29(2): 213–236 Fall/Winter 2009 ORIGINS OF THE MAYA FOREST GARDEN: MAYA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Anabel Ford and Ronald Nigh There is growing interest in the ecology of the Maya Forest past, present, and future, as well as in the role of humans in the transformation of this ecosystem. In this paper, we bring together and re- evaluate paleoenvironmental, ethnobiological, and archaeological data to reconstruct the related effects of climatic shifts and human adaptations to and alterations of the lowland Maya Forest. In particular, we consider the paleoenvironmental data from the Maya Forest area in light of interpretations of the precipitation record from the Cariaco Basin. During the Archaic period, a time of stable climatic conditions 8,000–4,000 years ago, we propose that the ancestral Maya established an intimate relationship with an expanding tropical forest, modifying the landscape to meet their subsistence needs. We propose that the succeeding period of climatic chaos during the Preclassic period, 4,000–1,750 years ago, provoked the adaptation to settled agrarian life. This new adaptation, we suggest, was based on a resource management strategy that grew out of earlier landscape modification practices. Eventually, this resulted in a highly managed landscape that we call the Maya Forest Garden. This highly productive and sustainable system of resource management formed the foundation for the development of the Maya civilization, from 3,000 to 1,000 years ago, and was intensified during the latter millennia of a stable climatic regime as population grew and the civilization developed.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Colletoecema (Rubiaceae) from Southern Cameroon with a Discussion of Relationships Among Basal Rubioideae
    BLUMEA 53: 533–547 Published on 31 December 2008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651908X607495 A NEW SPECIES OF COLLETOECEMA (RUBIACEAE) FROM SOUTHERN CAMEROON WITH A DISCUSSION OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG BASAL RUBIOIDEAE B. SONKÉ1, S. DESSEIN2, H. TAEDOUMG1, I. GROENINCKX3 & E. ROBBRECHT2 SUMMARY Colletoecema magna, a new species from the Ngovayang Massif (southern Cameroon) is described and illustrated. A comparative morphological study illustrates the similar placentation and fruit anatomy of the novelty and Colletoecema dewevrei, the only other species of the genus. Colletoecema magna essentially differs from C. dewevrei by its sessile flowers and fruits, the corolla tube that is densely hairy above the insertion point of the stamens and the anthers that are included. Further characters that separate the novelty are its larger leaves, more condensed inflorescences, and larger fruits. Its position within Colletoecema is corroborated by atpB-rbcL and rbcL chloroplast sequences. The relationships among the basal lineages of the subfamily Rubioideae, to which Colletoecema belongs, are briefly addressed. Based on our present knowledge, a paleotropical or tropical African origin of the Rubioideae is hypothesized. Key words: Rubioideae, Rubiaceae, Colletoecema, chloroplast DNA, Ngovayang massif. INTRODUCTION Up to now, Colletoecema was known from a single species, i.e. C. dewevrei (De Wild.) E.M.A.Petit, a Guineo-Congolian endemic. The genus was established by Petit (1963) based on ‘Plectronia’ dewevrei (Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae), a species described by De Wildeman (1904). Petit (1963) demonstrated that this species does not belong to the Canthium complex and described a new genus, i.e. Colletoecema. He also showed that the original position in Vanguerieae could not be upheld.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Riparian Tree Communities Along a River Basin in the Pacific Slope of Guatemala
    Article Characterization of Riparian Tree Communities along a River Basin in the Pacific Slope of Guatemala Alejandra Alfaro Pinto 1,2,* , Juan J. Castillo Mont 2, David E. Mendieta Jiménez 2, Alex Guerra Noriega 3, Jorge Jiménez Barrios 4 and Andrea Clavijo McCormick 1,* 1 School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand 2 Herbarium AGUAT ‘Professor José Ernesto Carrillo’, Agronomy Faculty, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City 1012, Guatemala; [email protected] (J.J.C.M.); [email protected] (D.E.M.J.) 3 Private Institute for Climate Change Research (ICC), Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa, Escuintla 5002, Guatemala; [email protected] 4 School of Biology, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City 1012, Guatemala; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (A.C.M.) Abstract: Ecosystem conservation in Mesoamerica, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, is a top priority because of the rapid loss of native vegetation due to anthropogenic activities. Riparian forests are often the only remaining preserved areas among expansive agricultural matrices. These forest remnants are essential to maintaining water quality, providing habitats for a variety of wildlife Citation: Alfaro Pinto, A.; Castillo and acting as biological corridors that enable the movement and dispersal of local species. The Mont, J.J.; Mendieta Jiménez, D.E.; Acomé river is located on the Pacific slope of Guatemala. This region is heavily impacted by intensive Guerra Noriega, A.; Jiménez Barrios, agriculture (mostly sugarcane plantations), fires and grazing. Most of this region’s original forest J.; Clavijo McCormick, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Hamelia Patens Jacq. Firebush RUBIACEAE Synonyms
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CiteSeerX Hamelia patens Jacq. firebush RUBIACEAE Synonyms: Hamelia erecta Jacq. Hamelia pedicellata Wernh. Hamelia latifolia Reichb. ex DC. terminal, a modified dichasium with flowers that are tubular, 12 to 22 mm long, and orange to red in color. The fruit is a berry, spherical to elliptical, 7 to 10 mm long, turning red and then black at maturity. The seeds are orange-brown, 0.6 to 0.9 mm long (Howard 1989, Liogier 1997). Range.—The native range of firebush extends from southern Florida and Bermuda, through the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobego, and from Mexico through Central America and South America to Paraguay and Argentina (Little and others 1974). The species is also cultivated throughout the moist tropics and subtropics but is not reported to have naturalized outside its native range. Ecology.—Firebush grows in deforested areas, in thickets with other brushy species, in forest openings, or in the understory of low basal-area forest stands. The species is found in moist and wet areas that receive from about 1600 to about 3000 mm of precipitation. Firebush prefers loamy or clayey soil. It grows on soils derived from General Description.—Firebush, which is also volcanic and sedimentary parent materials and is known as hummingbird bush, scarletbush, most common in areas with limestone rocks. bálsamo, busunuvo, pata de pájaro, Doña Julia, fleur-corail, and many other names, is a medium- Reproduction.—Firebush flowers throughout the sized shrub. This shrub commonly ranges from 1 year.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mini Review on Chemistry and Biology of Hamelia Patens (Rubiaceae)
    P H C O G J . REI V E W ART I C LE A mini review on chemistry and biology of Hamelia Patens (Rubiaceae) Arshad Ahmad*, A. Pandurangan, Namrata Singh, Preeti Ananad School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur, By-Pass road, Meerut-250103, India. ASRACTB T Hamelia patens Jacq. Commonly known as “redhead,” “scarlet,” or “firebush.” belongs to the Madder family (Rubiaceae), different parts (leaves, stem, flower, root, seeds and even whole plant) of Hamelia patens used. It is a perennial bush, and grow in full sun and in shade. It grows to about 6 feet. Neotropical shrub Hamelia patens Jacq has been cultivated as an ornamental in the United States, Great Britain, and South Africa. Hamelia patens have contained pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids: isopteropodine, rumberine, palmirine, maruquine and alkaloid A, B and C, other chemical constituents are apigenin, ephedrine, flavanones, isomaruquine, narirutins, pteropodine, rosmarinic acid, narirutin, seneciophylline, speciophylline, and tannin. In last few decades several Indian scientists and researchers have studied the pharmacological effects of steam distilled, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol & benzene extracts of various parts of Hamelia plant on immune system, reproductive system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastric system, urinary system and blood biochemistry. Key words: Hamelia patens, alkaloids, Traditional uses [6-7] INTRODUCTION 250 years, with six species grown in England in 1839. It grows as a tree in the Atlantic tropical lowland of Costa Plants are one of the most important sources of medicines. Rica.[8] It is a reliable tropical plant that has found its way Today the large numbers of drugs in uses are derived from into many a landscape because of its proven drought and plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ixora for South Florida1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. ENH 955 Ixora for South Florida1 Gail Keeler, Kim Gabel, Rick Schoellhorn2 Introduction fragments that may cause soil pH to be too high for good plant growth. When grown under proper conditions, Ixora has dark green glossy leaves and colorful flower clusters that bloom year round. Ixora is a woody shrub, perennial in zones 10 and 11, and is used as an annual in northern regions. Some varieties have pinkish-red, yellow, or white flowers. Depending on the cultivar, this low-growing evergreen shrub can grow between 3 and 8 feet tall. Ixora can be used for hedges, specimen plants, or Figure 1. Ixora. can be grown in large planter boxes. It likes full sun but will tolerate light shade. It has medium salt Ixora, like other acid-loving plants such as tolerance. Do not overwater. hibiscus, gardenia, citrus, and Allamanda, can be an attractive landscape plant, but there are a few Pruning requirements you need to know to keep Ixora healthy and flowering in your yard. All acid-loving plants will An annual pruning is usually best to keep your require more fertilization management than plants Ixora flowering. Try to avoid repeatedly shearing off that are adapted to growing in alkaline soils. Mostly the tips of the branches, as this kind of pruning this involves being aware of the pH (or acidity) of the removes emerging flower buds so you won't get as soil you are planting in. A pH of around 5 is good for many flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Floral Morphology and Development in Houstonia Procumbens (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOUSTONIA PROCUMBENS (RUBIACEAE), A UNIQUELY DISTYLOUS, CLEISTOGAMOUS SPECIES By ERIC JONES A dissertation submitted to the Department of Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2012 Eric Jones defended this dissertation on June 11, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Austin Mast Professor Directing Dissertation Matthew Day University Representative Hank W. Bass Committee Member Wu-Min Deng Committee Member Alice A. Winn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I hereby dedicate this work and the effort it represents to my parents Leroy E. Jones and Helen M. Jones for their love and support throughout my entire life. I have had the pleasure of working with my father as a collaborator on this project and his support and help have been invaluable in that regard. Unfortunately my mother did not live to see me accomplish this goal and I can only hope that somehow she knows how grateful I am for all she’s done. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the members of my committee for their guidance and support, in particular Austin Mast for his patience and dedication to my success in this endeavor, Hank W.
    [Show full text]
  • California Garden Bees Page 1
    LNewsletteret’s of the San DiegoT Horticulturalalk Society Plants!August 2015, Number 251 California Garden Bees PAGE 1 Chips and Dip Page 6 Master Gardener Plant Sale Page 7 Is Drought Shaming Good? Page 9 Double Takes – Art/Photo Show Page 11 On the Cover: Busy native bee Great Drought-Tolerant Plants See Sharing Secrets starting on page 14 These plants described by Beth Escott Newcomer on page 16 Agave bracteosa Ruschia lineata Dasylirion wheeleri Calibanus hookeri cacti.com (4) ▼SDHS SPONSOR GREEN THUMB SUPER GARDEN CENTERS 1019 W. San Marcos Blvd. • 760-744-3822 (Off the 78 Frwy. near Via Vera Cruz) • CALIFORNIA NURSERY PROFESSIONALS ON STAFF • HOME OF THE NURSERY EXPERTS • GROWER DIRECT www.supergarden.com Now on Facebook WITH THIS VALUABLE Coupon $10 00 OFF Any Purchase of $6000 or More! • Must present printed coupon to cashier at time of purchase • Not valid with any sale items or with other coupons or offers • Offer does not include Sod, Gift Certifi cates, or Department 56 • Not valid with previous purchases • Limit 1 coupon per household • Coupon expires 8/31/2015 at 6 p.m. sdhs Cuyamaca College Ornamental Horticulture ********* Fall 2015 Class Schedule Num Course Name Instructor Day Time 102 Xeriscape - Water Conservation Rottke Mon 2:00 to 3:50 pm 114 Floral Design 1 Citrowske Tue 4:00 to 8:50 pm 116 Floral Design 2 Citrowske Mon 4:00 to 8:50 pm 120 Fundamentals of O.H. Faulstich Thur 11:00 am to 4:05 pm 120 Fundamentals of O.H. Schultz / Faulstich Mon 5:00 to 6:50 pm Saturdays 8/22 - 9/12 - 9/26 - 10/10 - 10/24 - 11/7 - 11/21
    [Show full text]