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Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae

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_??_1987 by Cytologia, Tokyo Cytologia 52: 343-356, 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae R. Selvaraj Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, India Accepted March 5, 1986 The Rubiaceae is popularly known as Madder family. Rubiaceae consist of 450 genera including 5,500 species and is one of the largest families of Dicotyledons. Majority of the taxa of Rubiaceae distributed both in tropical and temperate regions. There are 216 species coming in 45 genera in South India (Gamble 1957). Many workers have studied this family for cytological and cytogenetical investigations as well, but there has been no proper cyto genetical investigation as far as the South Indian taxa concerned. An attempt is made in the present work to understand the cytotaxonomical relationship in the light of our findings. Besides, in some of the taxa under investigation no record of cytological work is available and in others, the present study is for the sake of revision and or confirmation. Materials and methods The selected healthy fresh excised root tips were pretreated in 0.002M aqueous solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline kept at 4•Ž for 3 hours. After thorough washing, the root tips were fi xed in 1:3 acetic alcohol mixture (1:3) for at least three hours or overnight. Then they were squashed following Marimuthu and Subramaniam's (1960) iron alum haematoxylin squash schedule. Important plates were drawn with Abbe's camera lucida and some of them photo graphed. The chromosome numbers of taxa determined in the present study are listed in Table 1. Observations The following categorization of chromosomes has been made, with a view to describe the karyotype and to represent the same by karyotype formulae. This facilitates the understading of interspecific and intergeneric relationships of the taxa analysed. Type: A-Long chromosome (more than 5ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. B-Long chromosome (more than 5ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. C-Long chromosome (more than 5ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. D-Medium chromosome (3ƒÊ to 5ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. E-Medium chromosome (3ƒÊ to 5ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. F-Medium chromosome (3ƒÊ to 5ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. G-Short chromosome (1ƒÊ to 3ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. H-Short chromosome (1ƒÊ to 3ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. I-Short chromosome (1ƒÊ to 3ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. J-Very short chromosome (less than 1ƒÊ) with median or nearly median centromere. K-Very short chromosome (less than 1ƒÊ) with sub-median centromere. L-Very short chromosome (less than 1ƒÊ) with sub-terminal centromere. B•L-B-chromosomes 344 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 Table 1. Chromosome numbers of the species investigated (Vide Fedorov 1974) 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 345 Table 1. continued 346 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 Table 1. continued Superscript S-Denotes the presence of satellite The diploid chromosome number of taxa; absolute chromosome length; range; karyotype and special remarks are the main features of observations in the present study listed in Table 2. Discussion The chromosome counts of 41 species belonging to 24 genera resolved in the present study are listed in Table 1. They range from 2n=18 to 2n=72. Of the 41 taxa studied, first record of chromosome counts have been made in Oldenlandia wightii, Neanotis indica, Ophiorrhiza pectinata, Mussaenda tomentosa, Knoxia mollis, K. wigh tiana, Pavetta tomentosa, P. indica var. montana, Coffea arabica var. San Ramon, Psychotria nudiflora and Luculia gratissima. Deviant chromosome counts have been observed as against the previous reports in Oldenlandia biflora and Serissa foetida. In the rest of the species studied, the present report of chromosome numbers confirms the earlier records of chromosome num bers. The present report of diploid number in Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana confirms that of Mendes (1939), in Dentella repens that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Oldenlandia corymbosa that of Lewis (1965), in O. herbacea that of Lewis (1965), in O. umbellata that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941),in O. biflora that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Mussaenda hirsutissima that of Khoshoo and Bhatia (1963), in M. erythrophylla that of Fagerlind (1937), in Hamelia patens that of Lewis (1962), in Tarenna asiatica that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Canthium parvii forum that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Ixora coccinea that of Sharma and Chatterji (1960), in I. singaporensis that of Sharma and Chatterji (1960), in I. chinensis that of Sharma and Chatterji (1960), in Pavetta laeta that of Homeyer (1932), in Coffea arabica that of Mendes (1938b) and Krug (1936, 1937), in C. robusta that of Heyn (1936), Orlido and Capinpin (1957), in C. excelsa that of Fagerlind (1937), in Morinda coreia that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in Borreria articularis that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), in B. pusilla that of Raghavan and Rangaswamy (1941), Ruaia cordifolia that of Khoshoo and Bhatia (1963), in Galium rotundifolium that of Khoshoo and Bhatia (1963), in G. asperifolium that of Fagerlind (1937), in Pentas lanceolata that of Lewis (1962), in Guettarda speciosa that of Raghavan and Srinivasan (1941b), in Coprosma lucida that of Homeyer (1935), in C. baueri that of Poucques (1949a), in Rondeletia amoena that of Fagerlind (1937), and in Serissa foetida that of Fagerlind (1937). 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 347 Out of the 41 species studied here, 2n= 18 chromosomes have been observed in Oldenlandia herbacea, 2n=20 chromosomes have been observed in Pentas lanceolata, 2n=22 chromosomes have been observed in the following species like Mussaenda tomentosa, M. hirsutissima, M. erythrophylla, Tarenna asiatica, Ixora coccinea, I. singaporensis, I. chinensis, Pavetta laeta, P. tomentosa, P. indica var. montana, Coffea robusta, Psychotria nudiflora, Morinda coreia, Rubia Figs. 1-41a. Drawings of mitotic metaphase plates (except. Figs. 32, 35).•~1250. 1, Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana (2n=34). 2, Dentella repens (2n=36). 3, Oldenlandia corymbosa (2n= 36). 4, O. herbacea (2n=18). 5, O. umbellata (2n=36). 6, O. wightii (2n=36). 7, O. biflora (2n=54). 7a, O. biflora (2n=72). 8, Neanotis indica (2n=72). 9, Ophiorrhiza pectinata (2n=44). 10, Mussaenda tomentosa (2n=22). 11, M. hirsutissima (2n=22). 1la, M. hirsutissima (2n= 22). 12, M. erythrophylla (2n=22). 13, Hamelia patens (2n=24). 14, Tarenna asiatica (2n=22). Table 2. Table pertaining the details of the name of the taxa, its absolute chromosome lengths, range, karyotype and remarks of the various species of Rubiaceae studied here 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 349 350 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 cordifolia, Galium rotundifolium, Coprosma baueri and Serissa foetida, 2n=24 chromosomes have been observed in Hamelia patens, 2n=34 chromosomes have been observed in Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana, 2n=36 chromosomes have been observed in the following species of Figs. 14a-30. 14a, Tarenna asiatica (2n=22). 15, Knoxia mollis (2n=44). 16, K. wightiana (2n=44). 17, Canthium parviflorum (2n=44). 18, Ixora coccinea (2n=22). 19, IL singaporensis (2n=22). 20, IL chinensis (2n=22). 21, Pavetta laeta (2n=22). 22, P. tomentosa (2n=22). 23, P. indica var. montana (2n=22). 24, Coffea arabica (2n=44). 25, C. arabica var. San Ramon (2n=44). 26, C. robusta (2n=22). 26a, C. robusta (2n=44). 26b, C. robusta (2n=40). 27, C. excelsa (2n=44). 28, Psychotria nudiflora (2n=22). 28a, P. nudiflora (2n=44). 29, Morinda coreia (2n=22). 30. Borreria articularis (2n=56). 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 351 Dentella repens, Oldenlandia corymbosa, O. umbellata and O. wightii, 2n=40 chromosomes have been observed in Rondeletia amoena, 2n=44 chromosomes have been observed in the species of Ophiorrhiza pectinata, Knoxia mollis, K. wightiana, Canthium parviflorum, Coffea arabica, Figs. 31-41a. 31, Borreria pusilla (2n=56). 32, Rubia cordifolia (2n=22)-prometaphase. 32a, R. cordifolia (2n=22). 33, Galium rotundifolium (2n=22). 34, G. asperifolium (2n=44). 34a, G. asperifolium (2n=66). 35, Pentas lanceolata (2n=20)-prometaphase. 35a, P. lanceolata (2n=20). 36, Guettarda speciosa (2n=44). 37, Coprosma lucida (2n=44). 38, C. baueri (2n=22). 39, Rondeletia amoena (2n=40). 40, Luculia gratissima (2n=44). 41, Serissa foetida (2n=22). 41 a, S. foetida (2n=44). 352 R. Selvaraj Cytologia 52 C. arabica var. San Ramon, C. excelsa, Galium asperifolium, Guettarda speciosa, Coprosma lucida and Luculia gratissima, 2n=54 chromosomes have been observed in Oldenlandia biftora, 2n= 56 chromosomes have been observed in Borreria articularis and in B. pusilla, and 2n=72 chro Figs. 42-55. Photomicrographs of mitotic metaphase plates. 42, Cinchona calisava var . ledgeriana (2n=34). 43, Ophiorrhiza pectinata (2n=44). 44, Hamelia patens (2n=24) . 45, Ixora chinensis (2n=22). 46, Pavetta laeta (2n=22). 47, Ixora coccinea (2n=22). 48, Mus saenda erythrophylla (2n=22). 49, Tarenna asiatica (2n=22). 50, Mussaenda tomentosa (2n=22) . 51, Pavetta indica var. montana (2n=22). 52, Neanotis indica (2n=72). 53, Ixora singaporensis (2n=22). 54, Coffea robusta (2n=22). 55, Borreria pusilla (2n=56). •~1250. 1987 Karyomorphological Studies in South Indian Rubiaceae 353 mosomes have been observed in Neanotis indica. A common survey of the chromosome numbers in Rubiaceae reveals the existence of graded series of haploid numbers, namely, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 66, 77, 91, 94 and 110 (the so-called Carex type and Antirrhinum type of Tischler (1937), suggesting an increase by a few chromosome or by one chromosome). Of these haploid numbers, n=11 and n=22 represented the highest frequency among the taxa so far investigated in the family and in this present investigation the taxa showed the same haploid numbers, n=11 and n=22, representing Figs.
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    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Floral Morphology and Development in Houstonia Procumbens (Rubiaceae), a Uniquely Distylous, Cleistogamous Species Eric (Eric Hunter) Jones Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOUSTONIA PROCUMBENS (RUBIACEAE), A UNIQUELY DISTYLOUS, CLEISTOGAMOUS SPECIES By ERIC JONES A dissertation submitted to the Department of Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2012 Eric Jones defended this dissertation on June 11, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Austin Mast Professor Directing Dissertation Matthew Day University Representative Hank W. Bass Committee Member Wu-Min Deng Committee Member Alice A. Winn Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I hereby dedicate this work and the effort it represents to my parents Leroy E. Jones and Helen M. Jones for their love and support throughout my entire life. I have had the pleasure of working with my father as a collaborator on this project and his support and help have been invaluable in that regard. Unfortunately my mother did not live to see me accomplish this goal and I can only hope that somehow she knows how grateful I am for all she’s done. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the members of my committee for their guidance and support, in particular Austin Mast for his patience and dedication to my success in this endeavor, Hank W.
  • California Garden Bees Page 1

    California Garden Bees Page 1

    LNewsletteret’s of the San DiegoT Horticulturalalk Society Plants!August 2015, Number 251 California Garden Bees PAGE 1 Chips and Dip Page 6 Master Gardener Plant Sale Page 7 Is Drought Shaming Good? Page 9 Double Takes – Art/Photo Show Page 11 On the Cover: Busy native bee Great Drought-Tolerant Plants See Sharing Secrets starting on page 14 These plants described by Beth Escott Newcomer on page 16 Agave bracteosa Ruschia lineata Dasylirion wheeleri Calibanus hookeri cacti.com (4) ▼SDHS SPONSOR GREEN THUMB SUPER GARDEN CENTERS 1019 W. San Marcos Blvd. • 760-744-3822 (Off the 78 Frwy. near Via Vera Cruz) • CALIFORNIA NURSERY PROFESSIONALS ON STAFF • HOME OF THE NURSERY EXPERTS • GROWER DIRECT www.supergarden.com Now on Facebook WITH THIS VALUABLE Coupon $10 00 OFF Any Purchase of $6000 or More! • Must present printed coupon to cashier at time of purchase • Not valid with any sale items or with other coupons or offers • Offer does not include Sod, Gift Certifi cates, or Department 56 • Not valid with previous purchases • Limit 1 coupon per household • Coupon expires 8/31/2015 at 6 p.m. sdhs Cuyamaca College Ornamental Horticulture ********* Fall 2015 Class Schedule Num Course Name Instructor Day Time 102 Xeriscape - Water Conservation Rottke Mon 2:00 to 3:50 pm 114 Floral Design 1 Citrowske Tue 4:00 to 8:50 pm 116 Floral Design 2 Citrowske Mon 4:00 to 8:50 pm 120 Fundamentals of O.H. Faulstich Thur 11:00 am to 4:05 pm 120 Fundamentals of O.H. Schultz / Faulstich Mon 5:00 to 6:50 pm Saturdays 8/22 - 9/12 - 9/26 - 10/10 - 10/24 - 11/7 - 11/21