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Hamelia Patens a Potential Plant from Rubiaceae Family: a Review Jafra Bano1, Swapna Santra2 and Ekta Menghani1

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Hamelia Patens a Potential Plant from Rubiaceae Family: a Review Jafra Bano1, Swapna Santra2 and Ekta Menghani1 International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 960 ISSN 2229-5518 Hamelia patens a potential plant from Rubiaceae family: A Review Jafra Bano1, Swapna Santra2 and Ekta Menghani1 1Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2Department of Chemistry, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email id: [email protected] Abstract: Traditional medicine is used to sustain people’s health, as well as to prevent, diagnose, improve or indulgence physical and mental illnesses all over the world. Plants have since ever been a rich basis of medication among the human civilizations. In India there exist numerous highly civilized communities residing near or in the holy lap of nature. The people of such civilizations frequently depend on plants for their daily needs as well as for their medication also. Medicinal plants are believed to be with healing powers, and people have used them for various centuries. Aimed to modern drug discovery, traditional medicinal plants have been studied and developed which is followed the ethno botanical lead of native cures used by traditional medical systems. The therapeutic activities of mainly plants are due to the presence of one or more of such components like alkaloids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The phytochemical screening discovered the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. Therefore, the research of plants and their uses (especially medicinal purposes) is one of the most primary human concerns and has been practiced in the planet. Keywords: Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, therapeutic activity, flavonoids, saponins. ——— —————————— —————————————— 1. Introduction presence of active substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, tannins, and Medicinal plants are alleged to be with healing coumarins3. powers, and peopleIJSER are used them for many 1.1 Concept of Ayurveda centuries. Main objective of ethno botanical research is to record the indigenous uses of plant Ayurvedic system comprising of traditional resources. Now, 80% of the world’s population medicine have served as a source of alternative depends on traditional medicines for its primary medicine, new pharmaceutical and health-care health care needs1. Plants remedies are often used products and hence provides an insight to the vast as an alternative to allopathic medicines2. Local number of plants with activities such as people have discovered the therapeutic activity of immunostimulation, tonic, neurostimulation, anti- medicinal plants against certain diseases through ageing, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-rheumatic, their indigenous experiences transferred to them anticancer and adaptogenic etc4. Natural medicinal from their ancestors. A large number of plants are herbs have existed in one or another way in being used in medicine for therapeutic or different cultures and civilizations of each and prophylactic purposes. The therapeutic properties every country5. The utilization of these natural of medicinal plants are attributed owing to the IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 961 ISSN 2229-5518 medicinal herbs in different treatments is being considerable research in the field of practiced for thousands of years in traditional pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology Indian system of medicine termed as Ayurveda6. and clinical therapeutics have explored these Ayurveda being the most ancient and vital ayurvedic herbs, which are now designed into tradition practiced until date in India has proved numerous herbal formulations, which have its roots both philosophically, as well as entered the international pharmacopeia through experimentally7. the study of ethnopharmacology and traditional medicine. 1.2 Modern drug discovery Rubiacea family plants play great role in the Aimed to modern drug discovery, traditional pharmacy to innovative drugs and used in medicinal plants have been studied and developed conventional medicine to treat chronic and even which is followed the ethnobotanical lead of communicable diseases10. Hamelia patens, is an indigenous cures used by traditional medical ornamental plant belong from Rubiaceae family. systems8-9. Indian herbal industries with Table-1: Ethanomedicinal uses of Rubiacea family plant S. Plant Name Common Plant picture Plant Ethanomedicinal property References No. name part use 1. Anthocephalus Kadam Bark Used in tonic, febrifuge, 11 chinensis IJSERantidiuretic and astringent. 2. Borreria articularis Madanaghanti Root It cures stomach pain. 12 3. Borreria stricta Peechi Leaves It cures ear pain. Seeds as 13,14,15 stimulant flowers are used as antipyretic and analgesic. IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 962 ISSN 2229-5518 4. Catunaregam Dandy Fruits Use in diarrhea and 16 nilotica dysentery. The roots are frequently prescribed as paste in headache cases. 5. Catunaregam spinosa Gehela Fruits It can lighten and 17 consequently remove the scars of pimples. 6. Dentella repens creeping Leaves It improve the eyesight 18 lickstoop and in constipation is prescribed as laxative. 7. Gardenia gummifera Dekamali Stem Use in treat toothache, 19-20 and bark dyspepsia and to disinfect IJSERthe septic wounds. 8. Gardenia Gandhraj Roots purgative, an effective cure jasminoides for indigestion and nervous disorders 21 9. Haldina cordifolia Kadami Bark Febrifuge, antiseptic and 22 aphrodisiac. IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 963 ISSN 2229-5518 10. Hamelia patens Firebush, Red- Leaves It curing dysentery 23 head 11. Hedyotis verticillata Salasik-lupa Flower Use in skin diseases like 24 athlete foot 12. Ixora arborea rangan, kheme, Root and Use in menstruation and 25-26 ponna, chann flower urinary problems of tanea females. 13. Ixora coccinea Rugmini Roots It is curative for dysentery 27 and and ulcer. flowers 14. Meyna spinosa IJSERMuyna Leaf It kill intestinal worms, 28-29 with black pepper to cure diphtheria. 15. Mitragyna parviflora Kaim Root, To cure diabetes and 30 bark applied in muscular pain and leaf paste in case of swelling due to sprain. IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 964 ISSN 2229-5518 16. Morinda coreia Indian Leaves Applied to wounds and 31 Mulberry, Aal juice of leaves to gout. 17. Mussaenda glabrata White Root, Roots are given with cow's 32 Mussaenda, leaves, fresh milk in white Virgin Tree, flower leprocy. Leaves are useful Buddha's to cure jaundice. Whole Lamp plant is useful and curative for diabetes patients. Flowers are used to cure swellings and conjunctivitis and asthma also. 18. Oldenlandia Diamond Whole Plant is given in jaundice, 33 corymbosa Flower, plant hepatic diseases and as corymbose and anthelmintic. Leaves as hedyotis, flat- leaves paste in burning sensation top mille of soles and palms. graines, old world diamond- flower, daman pappar 19. Oldenlandia Indian madar Root and Treat Bronchial disorders. 34 umbellate IJSERleaves 20. Paederia scandens Gandhali, Whole Used as anti arthritis, anti- 35 Skunk Vine, plant spasmodic, Chinese fever and astringent,carminative, vine, Lesser leaves anti emetic, emollient, Malayan expectorant. It is also stinkwort, indicated in asthma, stink vine diarrhea, diabetes, gout and seminal weakness. Root ash is applied in various skin diseases. Leaf paste in a composition is taken leucorrhoea IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 965 ISSN 2229-5518 21. Pavetta crassicaulis Assamese, Root, Given in visceral problems 36 Sam-suku bark and and dropsy. The bark is leaves used on the victims of epilepsy. Decoction and boiled leaves are used to cure hemorrhoids 22. Rubia cordifolia Patudtud, Whole Use in antidysentric, 37 Heart-leaved plant anthelmintic, astringent, madder, carminative, expectorant Madder and is used in cough, hepatic obstructions, indigestion, jaundice, ulcers, fracture, mental agony, obstructions in urinary passage and paralytic affections. 23. Spermadictyon Forest champa, Root Used in treatment of 38 suaveolens Padera, Padwa, diabetes and rheumatoid Mahabal, arthritis. Barcha 24. Thecagonum biflorum sonare mugura Whole It is used for malarial fever 39 plant and body pain, Leaf is and boiled with mustard oil leaves and is dropped in ear to IJSERcure purulent discharges. Ethanomedicinal uses of Hamelia patens into use in the modern medicine through the uses of plant material as indigenous cure in folklore or In traditional medicine, H. patens is used as diuretic traditional systems of medicine. and for the empirical treatment of pain, inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes, wound 2. Plant Morphology healing, gastritis, stomach ache, snake and Firebush is a fast-growing, evergreen shrub or scorpion bites, fever and others40,41,42,43. However, grows in full sun and shed44 Height of Hamelia the toxicity and antinociceptive effects of H. patens patens is 6 to 12 feet and it can spread 5 to 8 feet. remain to be studied. Plant derived drugs come Leaves can be quite varied and whorled and IJSER © 2015 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015 966 ISSN 2229-5518 margins
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