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Herausforderungen Für Die Indigenen Völker Lateinamerikas

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Herausforderungen Für Die Indigenen Völker Lateinamerikas 99 Entwicklungsperspektiven 99 Gesellschaftliche Bündnisse zur Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges 20 Jahre Klima-Bündnis ISBN 978-3-89958-788-3 Lateinamerika Dokumentation 9 7 8 3 8 9 9 5 8 7 8 8 3 Gesellschaftliche Bündnisse zur Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges Heidi Feldt, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg (Hrsg.) Gesellschaftliche Bündnisse zur Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges 20 Jahre Klima-Bündnis Heidi Feldt, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg (Hrsg.) Kassel 2010 Entwicklungsperspektiven Nr. 99 Kassel 2010 kassel university press GmbH www.upress.uni-kassel.de ISBN print: 978-3-89958- 788-3 ISBN online: 978-3-89958-789-0 URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0002-7892 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Titelfoto: Organisación Indígena de Antioquia (OIA) Umschlaggestaltung: Kassel university press GmbH, Kassel Universität Kassel FB 05 Nora-Platiel-Str. 5 34127 Kassel Tel.: 0049 561 804 3152 Fax: 0049 561 804 3464 http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/soziologie/sel/ Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung Heidi Feldt, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg Nur jenes Erinnern ist fruchtbar, das zugleich erinnert, was noch zu tun ist ............................. 7 Teil 1: Gesellschaftliche Werte José Luis González Um auf diesem Planeten als indigene Völker weiter existieren zu können ............................. 17 Abadio Green Stócel Die Bildung basierend auf der Mutter Erde: Eine Verpflichtung für die Menschheit ............. 21 Marcus Hawel Resurrektion der Natur Das Eingedenken in die Natur als Subjekt ......................................... 35 Georg Grünberg Wie eine andere Welt möglich ist: Nachrichten aus Amazonien ............................................. 47 Teil 2: Zerstörung und Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges Öl Alberto Acosta, Eduardo Gudynas, Esperanza Martínez, Joseph Vogel Das Erdöl im Boden lassen oder die Suche nach dem verlorenen Paradies ............................. 57 Erdölinteressen und Regenwaldschutz ..................................................................................... 81 Klaus Rummenhoeller Hintergrundinformationen zum Fall der Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri (Peru) ...................... 83 Paula Letts Das Kommunale Reservat Amarakaeri, das Harakmbut Volk und das Unternehmen Hunt Oil ............................................................................................................. 93 Erklärung Zum Kommunalen Reservat Amarakaeri ............................................................. 103 Schutzgesuch FENAMAD ..................................................................................................... 105 Milton Santacruz, Liliana Castaño, María del Pilar Valencia .............................................. 109 Die Mutter Erde ist bloßgelegt Kupfer Auseinandersetzungen um Kupferbergbau ............................................................................. 133 Guadalupe Rodríguez Indigene Gemeinschaften der Embera verteidigen ihr Leben gegen das Bergbauprojekt ..... 135 Herausforderungen Mac Chapin Große Feinde und kleine Freunde: Herausforderungen für die indigenen Völker Lateinamerikas ....................................................................................................................... 147 Martin Glöckle Rettet REDD die Welt – oder zumindest den Wald? ............................................................. 175 Solidarische Ketten Thomas Siepelmeyer Fairer Handel mit Kleinbergbauprodukten ............................................................................ 187 Teil 3: Klima-Bündnis Heidi Feldt Zusammenarbeit zwischen den indigenen Organisationen der Regenwälder und europäischen Kommunen Eine Bestandsaufnahme des Erreichten im Klima-Bündnis ....... 197 Angenda 21, Nord-Süd-Forum München Regenwald – schön und gefährdet ......................................................................................... 205 Silvia Hesse Kinderwald Hannover im Klima-Bündnis ............................................................................. 209 Dietmar Mirkes, Klima-Bündnis Luxemburg /ASTM Klima-Bündnis unterstützt Yasuní-Vorschlag zur Rettung des Regenwaldes in Ecuador .... 215 Dietmar Mirkes / ASTM Lasst das Öl im Boden! Klima-Bündnis Luxemburg unterstützt den Vorschlag Ecuadors ................................................................................................................................. 217 Theodor Rathgeber Klimawandel, biologische Vielfalt und indigene Völker ...................................................... 223 Clarita Müller-Plantenberg Möglichkeiten des Klima-Bündnisses als Projekt kommunaler Nachhaltigkeit? .................. 235 Dokument von Imshausen ...................................................................................................... 243 Anhang Der Caura: von Wissenschaftlern in Guayana/ Venezuela für das Land .............................. 247 Survival International Die Regierung bereitet sich darauf vor, „Amazoniens Tiananmen“ zu untersuchen ............. 251 Leah Temper, Joan Martínez Alier Das Öl soll in der Erde bleiben .............................................................................................. 253 Ute Koczy Ecuadors ITT-Initiative zum Schutz des Regenwaldes vor dem Aus?* ................................ 259 Gerhard Dilger Geld für den Förderstopp – Kein Erdöl aus dem Regenwald ............................................... 261 Europäisches Attac Netzwerk Kopenhagen Verändert das System nicht das Klima .................................................................................. 263 Kumi Naidoo / Greempeace Lehren aus dem gescheiterten Klimagipfel ............................................................................ 267 Mac Chapin "Das ist denen zu politisch" ……………………………………………………………..….270 Die Autoren …………………………………………………………………………………274 Einleitung Nur jenes Erinnern ist fruchtbar, das zugleich erinnert, was noch zu tun ist Allmenden global und lokal: Gefährdung der Erdatmosphäre Meeresspiegel steigen, Gewässerqualität ist gefährdet, Wasserspeicherkapazität der Böden nimmt mit Entwaldung ab, Böden erodieren, Wüsten dehnen sich aus. Emissionen aus fossilen Energieträgern erwärmen die Atmosphäre. Gegenüber der Gefährdung der globalen Allmende – der von allen Bewohnern des Planeten genutzten Atmosphäre – gewinnt der gesellschaftliche Naturbezug erneut eine strategische Bedeutung. Warum? Gemeinsam wahrte man in unserer nordhessischen Region die Seen, Wei- den, Wälder, diese Allmenden waren und sind heute in geringerem Maße als früher Unterpfand des gemeinschaftlichen Lebens. Gesellschaftliches Wissen der Hirten, Bäuerinnen und Bauern wurde und wird zum Teil noch für den Er- halt der Gesundheit von Mensch und Vieh eingesetzt. Dort, wo heute vor Ort und anderswo Allmenden lokal existieren, geraten sie mit ihren Gemeinschaften und deren gemeinsamem Eigentum unter Druck der großen Unternehmen, die Kapital durch einseitige Ausbeutung von natürli- chen Ressourcen akkumulieren und schnelle Profite machen wollen. Wir vertreten die These, das gegenüber der permanenten Zerstörung der Naturbezüge indigener Völker in tropischen Regenwäldern, durch verheerende Folgen des Großbergbaus, der Ölförderung und Energiegewinnung aus Groß- wasserkraft nicht nur der Stopp dieser zum Teil irreversiblen Naturzerstörung erforderlich ist, sondern auch die systematische Erlernung des Naturbezuges durch Bündnisse, die uns die Wege der Umkehr lehren. Schutz der Erdatmosphäre: Rückgewinnung des gesellschaftlichen Naturbezuges Nach 20 Jahren Klima-Bündnis zum Schutz der Erdatmosphäre zwischen den Subjekten der Regionen, in denen ein Großteil der Emissionen produziert wird – inzwischen über 1.500 europäischen Städten1 und Organisationen der indigenen Völker der Regenwälder der Erde – wollten wir uns vergewissern, was durch das Bündnis erreicht wurde und was noch zu erreichen ist. 1 Begonnen wurde es von Volker Hauff, dem heutigen Vorsitzenden des Nationalen Nachhaltigkeitsrates der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Juli 1989 in seiner Zeit als damaliger Oberbürgermeister der Stadt Frankfurt – vertreten durch Tom Königs – mit Vertretern der Koordination der Organisation indi- gener Völker des Amazonasbeckens (COICA) – vertreten durch Evaristo Nukuag Ikanaan.( Die C.O.I.C.A. für die Zukunft Amazoniens Entwicklungsperspektiven Nr. 38, Kassel 1989). 8 Clarita Müller-Plantenberg, Heidi Feldt __________________________________________________________________________ Wir fragten: welche Bündnisse waren in diesem interkulturellen, internatio- nalen Lernprozess erfolgreich? Daher luden wir Vertreter der indigenen Organi- sationen des Amazonasgebietes und Vertreter einiger Städte, die im Bündnis aktiv sind, zu einem internationalen Seminar der Universität Kassel im Januar 09 in die Stiftung Adam von Trott Imshausen e.V. ein2. Studenten und Umwelt- organisationen begleiteten die Debatte um Zerstörung und Bedingungen der Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges zum Erhalt der Erdatmosphäre. Die Skepsis gegenüber den herrschenden kommerziellen Ansätzen einer Politik zum Erhalt des Klimas ist Teil dieses Suchens, das eine Veränderung des Naturbezuges hier und dort durch einen intensiven interkulturellen Austausch zwischen den Gesellschaften als einzigen Weg betrachtet, auf dem jetzt wesent- liche Schritte anstehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden auf dem internationalen Seminar unter- schiedliche Zugänge vorgestellt und diskutiert. Sie sind in
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