Indigenous Peoples' Right to Self–Determination
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Marie Laing M.A. Thesis
Conversations with Young Two-Spirit, Trans and Queer Indigenous People About the Term Two-Spirit by Marie Laing A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Social Justice Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Marie Laing 2018 Conversations with Young Two-Spirit, Trans and Queer Indigenous People About the Term Two-Spirit Marie Laing Master of Arts Department of Social Justice Education University of Toronto 2018 Abstract Since the coining of the term in 1990, two-spirit has been used with increasing frequency in reference to Indigenous LGBTQ people; however, there is rarely explicit discussion of to whom the term two-spirit refers. The word is often simultaneously used as both an umbrella term for all Indigenous people with complex genders or sexualities, and with the specific, literal understanding that two-spirit means someone who has two spirits. This thesis discusses findings from a series of qualitative interviews with young trans, queer and two-spirit Indigenous people living in Toronto. Exploring the ways in which participants understand the term two-spirit to be a meaningful and complex signifier for a range of ways of being in the world, this paper does not seek to define the term two-spirit; rather, following the direction of research participants, the thesis instead seeks to trouble the idea that articulating a definition of two-spirit is a worthwhile undertaking. ii Acknowledgments There are many people without whom I would not have been able to complete this research. Thank you to my supervisor, Dr. -
Tree of Life Marula Oil in Africa
HerbalGram 79 • August – October 2008 HerbalGram 79 • August Herbs and Thyroid Disease • Rosehips for Osteoarthritis • Pelargonium for Bronchitis • Herbs of the Painted Desert The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 79 | August – October 2008 Herbs and Thyroid Disease • Rosehips for Osteoarthritis • Pelargonium for Bronchitis • Herbs of the Painted Desert • Herbs of the Painted Bronchitis for Osteoarthritis Disease • Rosehips for • Pelargonium Thyroid Herbs and www.herbalgram.org www.herbalgram.org US/CAN $6.95 Tree of Life Marula Oil in Africa www.herbalgram.org Herb Pharm’s Botanical Education Garden PRESERVING THE FULL-SPECTRUM OF NATURE'S CHEMISTRY The Art & Science of Herbal Extraction At Herb Pharm we continue to revere and follow the centuries-old, time- proven wisdom of traditional herbal medicine, but we integrate that wisdom with the herbal sciences and technology of the 21st Century. We produce our herbal extracts in our new, FDA-audited, GMP- compliant herb processing facility which is located just two miles from our certified-organic herb farm. This assures prompt delivery of freshly-harvested herbs directly from the fields, or recently HPLC chromatograph showing dried herbs directly from the farm’s drying loft. Here we also biochemical consistency of 6 receive other organic and wildcrafted herbs from various parts of batches of St. John’s Wort extracts the USA and world. In producing our herbal extracts we use precision scientific instru- ments to analyze each herb’s many chemical compounds. However, You’ll find Herb Pharm we do not focus entirely on the herb’s so-called “active compound(s)” at fine natural products and, instead, treat each herb and its chemical compounds as an integrated whole. -
From Sovereignty to Self-Determination: Emergence of Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Natural Resources Management
From Sovereignty to Self-Determination: Emergence of Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Natural Resources Management SHAWKAT ALAM* AND ABDULLAH AL FARUQUE** ABSTRACT The principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (ªPSNRº) is now widely recognized as an important principle of international law. It derives its meaning from the instrument that is widely regarded as establish- ing its status in international lawÐthe United Nations (ªU.N.º) General Assembly Resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, ªPermanent Sovereignty over Natural Resourcesº (ªthe 1962 Declarationº). The pream- ble to the 1962 Declaration de®nes the principle, asserting that any measure in respect of PSNR ªmust be based on the recognition of the inalienable right of all States freely to dispose of their natural wealth and resources in accordance with their national interests, and on respect for the economic in- dependence of States.º However, since its inception in the second half of the twentieth century, PSNR has been increasingly considered as a principle ex- pressive of the right of peoples, not just states. Indeed, there is a discernible trend of extending the principle of PSNR to the interests of indigenous peo- ples so that they can exercise control over their traditional lands and territo- ries. Indigenous peoples are receiving increasing attention in international instruments. States are now under an obligation to exercise permanent sov- ereignty on behalf of their indigenous communities, as well as for the bene®t of their citizens as a whole. The exercise of three particular rights of indige- nous peoplesÐthe right to self-determination, the right to traditionally own land and resources, and the right to prior informed consentÐcan help indig- enous peoples exercise their right to permanent sovereignty within the nation state. -
CASE STUDY the Surui Forest Carbon Project
The Surui Forest Carbon Project A CASE STUDY Steve Zwick March 2019 With support from ABOUT FOREST TRENDS Forest Trends works to conserve forests and other ecosystems through the creation and wide adoption of a broad range of environmental finance, markets and other payment and incentive mechanisms. Forest Trends does so by 1) providing transparent information on ecosystem values, finance, and markets through knowledge acquisition, analysis, and dissemination; 2) convening diverse coalitions, partners, and communities of practice to promote environmental values and advance development of new markets and payment mechanisms; and 3) demonstrating successful tools, standards, and models of innovative finance for conservation. Forest Trends 1203 19th Street, NW 4th floor Washington, DC 20036 www.forest–trends.org ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank Beto Borges of Forest Trends’ Communities Initiative, Vasco van Roosmalen of Equipe de Conservação da Amazônia (ECAM), Mariano Cenamo and Pedro Soares of the Institute for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of Amazonas (IDESAM), and Jacob Olander of EcoDecisión for their contributions to this case study. This case study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Forest Trends and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. INTRODUCTION Indigenous people have contributed less to climate change than has any other segment of the population, yet they are among those most vulnerable to its impacts.1 At the same time, agriculture and forestry generate roughly 30 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions, while traditional land- management practices, such as agroforestry and permaculture, can dramatically improve the ability of forests, farms, and fields to absorb emissions.2 This has spawned the creation of a variety of mechanisms designed to support indigenous land stewardship. -
View Annual Report
ANNUAL REPORT CONTENT Founders’ Letter 03 Scope of Work 04 Strategic Directions 06 ACT Advances in 2017 16 Feature Stories 17 Financial Overview 21 We see a future where healthy tropical Board / Leadership 26 forests and thriving local communities exist in harmonious relationship with ACT Team 27 each other, contributing to the well-being of the planet. In Memoriam 29 ANNUAL REPORT 02 ACT Annual Report Page 03 FOUNDERS’ LETTER We see a future where healthy tropical forests and thriving local Our 2020 goals assertively respond to these challenges. Among communities exist in harmonious relationship with each other, our primary goals is to expand our impact, direct and indirect. contributing to the well-being of the planet. Cognizant of the need to work with whole ecosystems, we seek to grow into other regions and countries that share borders with This is ACT’s vision, the horizon we work towards in alliance with the traditional lands of our partner communities, as in the case like-minded peoples and organizations around the world. How of a recent invitation from the leadership of French Guiana’s far ahead this lies depends on vastly more than our efforts as Parc Amazonien de Guyane to apply lessons learned by ACT in political, environmental, and economic challenges subside, neighboring Suriname. We also plan to develop instructional grow, and emerge. models from our successful programs, which we will make available to indigenous rights movements and the conservation Yet no matter the shape of the landscape, ACT is unyielding in community at large, having started with a guide to indigenous the fundamental belief that we can and will reach this horizon. -
State of the World's Indigenous Peoples
5th Volume State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples Photo: Fabian Amaru Muenala Fabian Photo: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources Acknowledgements The preparation of the State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources has been a collaborative effort. The Indigenous Peoples and Development Branch/ Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues within the Division for Inclusive Social Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat oversaw the preparation of the publication. The thematic chapters were written by Mattias Åhrén, Cathal Doyle, Jérémie Gilbert, Naomi Lanoi Leleto, and Prabindra Shakya. Special acknowledge- ment also goes to the editor, Terri Lore, as well as the United Nations Graphic Design Unit of the Department of Global Communications. ST/ESA/375 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division for Inclusive Social Development Indigenous Peoples and Development Branch/ Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 5TH Volume Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources United Nations New York, 2021 Department of Economic and Social Affairs The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environ- mental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. -
Indigenous Creativity and the Public Domain – Terra Nullius Revisited?1
Indigenous Creativity and the Public Domain – Terra Nullius Revisited?1 Mattias Åhrén 1 Introduction This chapter attempts to draw an analogy between the terra nullius doctrine and its efffects on indigenous peoples’ capacity to control their traditional ter- ritories, and the notion of a so-called public domain and its impact on who can access indigenous peoples’ respective cultural heritages. To what extent indigenous peoples2 have established rights over land through inhabitation and traditional use has been a concern of international law since its inception. It is generally held that the roots of the contemporary international legal system can be traced back to the second half of the 1600s. The international normative order that then gradually emerged did not only support the colonization of indigenous territories. It was indeed developed largely for facilitating European imperialism. Section 2 explains how the Euro- pean states invoked the principle of state sovereignty to proclaim the so-called terra nullius doctrine law, a theory that professed that indigenous peoples – due to the nature of their cultures – can hold no rights over land. Since the classical international legal system did not embrace human rights norms that could place checks and balances on the exercise of sovereignty, it was from an international legal perspective unproblematic that states invoked the terra nullius doctrine in order to make legal claims to indigenous territories. Section 3 articulates, however, how matters changed when, following the es- tablishment of the United Nations, human rights, including the right to equal- ity, were integrated into the international legal system. This development chal- 1 This chapter draws from a smaller part of a doctoral dissertation defended by the author in 2010 at The Arctic University of Norway – UiT, titled The Saami Traditional Dress and Beauty Pageants–Indigenous Peoples’ Ownership and Self-Determination Over their Cul- tures. -
Participatory Mapping in Lands of Indigenous Peoples and Maroons in Suriname
SUPPORT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERIOR -COLLECTIVE RIGHTS PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN LANDS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND MAROONS IN SURINAME FINAL SUMMARY REPORT December 2010 THE AMAZON CONSERVATION TEAM Doekhieweg Oost 24, PARAMARIBO , SURINAME , PH: (597) 568606 FAX: (597) 6850169. EMAIL: [email protected] . WEB: WWW.ACT-SURINAME.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6 2. METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………… 9 3. COMMUNITY MAPPING PROCESS IN THE INTERIOR OF SURINAME.………………….. 14 3.1 THE INTERIOR AND ITS TRIBAL COMMUNITIES…………………………………………. 14 3.2 TRIBAL MAPPING PROCESSES…………………………………………………………….. 18 3.3 CHALLENGES IN THE COMMUNITY MAPPING PROCESS.…………………………….. 30 3.4 VERIFICATION OF FIELD DATA…………………………………………………………….. 32 3.5 GIS PROCESSING OF FIELD DATA INTO ONE MAP……………………………………… 33 REFERENCES…………….……………………………………………………………………………………… 35 ANNEX 1: ACT TRAINING MANUAL FOR GPS USE AND DATA TRANSFER….………….. 36 ANNEX 2: EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY WORKSHOP RESULT…………………… …………. 37 ANNEX 3: ACT VERIFICATION MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY MAPPING………………….. 38 ANNEX 4: MAPPING EXPEDITIONS………………………………………………… …………. 39 ANNEX 5: VERIFICATION ROUNDS IN COMMUNITIES………………………………………. 40 ANNEX 6: COMMUNITY MAPPING PARTICIPANTS……………………………… …………. 41 ANNEX 7: TEAM OF CONSULTANTS…………………………………………………………… 47 ANNEX 8: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ASSIGNMENT…………………………………. 48 ANNEX 9: MEMORANDUM ACT‐GLIS……………………………………………………… -
Beyond Reparations: an American Indian Theory of Justice
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL VOLUME 66, NUMBER 1, 2005 Beyond Reparations: An American Indian Theory of Justice WILLIAM BRADFORD* It is perhaps impossible to overstate the magnitude of the human injustice perpetrated againstAmerican Indianpeople: indeed,the severity and duration of the harms endured by the original inhabitants of the US. may well rival those suffered by any other group past or present, domestic or international. While financialreparations for certainpast transgressionsmay be appropriateto some groups and situations, the historical and ongoing injustices committed against Indians living within the US. cannot be adequately understood in material terms. Although in recent decades various models of justice have been proposed in respect of a series of gross human injustices, incomplete and even erroneous understandingsof the nature of Indian claims and an overly narrow conception of the potential parameters of remedial justice render these approachesineffectual. This Article presents a alternative theory of justice, termed "Justice as Indigenism" (JAI). As applied JAI commits its practitioners to a sequential process consisting of seven distinct stages: acknowledgment, apology, peacemaking, commemoration, compensation, land restoration, legal reformation, and reconciliation. JAI advances the frontiers of thinking about justice on behalf of Indians in that its normative mission is not the award of materialcompensation or the attribution of blame but ratherthe ultimate healing of the American and Indian nations and the joint authorship -
Herausforderungen Für Die Indigenen Völker Lateinamerikas
99 Entwicklungsperspektiven 99 Gesellschaftliche Bündnisse zur Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges 20 Jahre Klima-Bündnis ISBN 978-3-89958-788-3 Lateinamerika Dokumentation 9 7 8 3 8 9 9 5 8 7 8 8 3 Gesellschaftliche Bündnisse zur Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges Heidi Feldt, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg (Hrsg.) Gesellschaftliche Bündnisse zur Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges 20 Jahre Klima-Bündnis Heidi Feldt, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg (Hrsg.) Kassel 2010 Entwicklungsperspektiven Nr. 99 Kassel 2010 kassel university press GmbH www.upress.uni-kassel.de ISBN print: 978-3-89958- 788-3 ISBN online: 978-3-89958-789-0 URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0002-7892 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Titelfoto: Organisación Indígena de Antioquia (OIA) Umschlaggestaltung: Kassel university press GmbH, Kassel Universität Kassel FB 05 Nora-Platiel-Str. 5 34127 Kassel Tel.: 0049 561 804 3152 Fax: 0049 561 804 3464 http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/soziologie/sel/ Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung Heidi Feldt, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg Nur jenes Erinnern ist fruchtbar, das zugleich erinnert, was noch zu tun ist ............................. 7 Teil 1: Gesellschaftliche Werte José Luis González Um auf diesem Planeten als indigene Völker weiter existieren zu können ............................. 17 Abadio Green Stócel Die Bildung basierend auf der Mutter Erde: Eine Verpflichtung für die Menschheit ............. 21 Marcus Hawel Resurrektion der Natur Das Eingedenken in die Natur als Subjekt ......................................... 35 Georg Grünberg Wie eine andere Welt möglich ist: Nachrichten aus Amazonien ............................................. 47 Teil 2: Zerstörung und Rückgewinnung des Naturbezuges Öl Alberto Acosta, Eduardo Gudynas, Esperanza Martínez, Joseph Vogel Das Erdöl im Boden lassen oder die Suche nach dem verlorenen Paradies ............................ -
INDIGENOUS LIFE PROJECTS and EXTRACTIVISM Ethnographies from South America Edited by CECILIE VINDAL ØDEGAARD and JUAN JAVIER RIVERA ANDÍA
INDIGENOUS LIFE PROJECTS AND EXTRACTIVISM Ethnographies from South America Edited by CECILIE VINDAL ØDEGAARD and JUAN JAVIER RIVERA ANDÍA APPROACHES TO SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND DIFFERENCE Approaches to Social Inequality and Difference Series Editors Edvard Hviding University of Bergen Bergen, Norway Synnøve Bendixsen University of Bergen Bergen, Norway The book series contributes a wealth of new perspectives aiming to denaturalize ongoing social, economic and cultural trends such as the processes of ‘crimigration’ and racialization, fast-growing social-economic inequalities, depoliticization or technologization of policy, and simultaneously a politicization of difference. By treating naturalization simultaneously as a phenomenon in the world, and as a rudimentary analytical concept for further development and theoretical diversification, we identify a shared point of departure for all volumes in this series, in a search to analyze how difference is produced, governed and reconfigured in a rapidly changing world. By theorizing rich, globally comparative ethnographic materials on how racial/cultural/civilization differences are currently specified and naturalized, the series will throw new light on crucial links between differences, whether biologized and culturalized, and various forms of ‘social inequality’ that are produced in contemporary global social and political formations. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14775 Cecilie Vindal Ødegaard Juan Javier Rivera Andía Editors Indigenous Life Projects and Extractivism Ethnographies from South America Editors Cecilie Vindal Ødegaard Juan Javier Rivera Andía University of Bergen Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bergen, Norway Barcelona, Spain Approaches to Social Inequality and Difference ISBN 978-3-319-93434-1 ISBN 978-3-319-93435-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93435-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018954928 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019. -
Practical Recolonisation? John Borrows
614 UNSW Law Journal Volume 28(3) PRACTICAL RECOLONISATION? JOHN BORROWS∗ Fire stalks the land, raging through bush, swamp and desert. The whole continent is dry and virtually starved of its life giving force. Fire snakes along the forest floor; one spark and the gum bark kindles a relentless blaze. Green and blue eucalyptus trees burst into flame, their oils mingling in explosive fragrances. Fires twist and meander over wide tropical floodplains through billabongs and swamps, heading underground if their path is obstructed from above. Desert fires thirst after small shrubs and foliage, stinging the red land as its crimson tails uncoil. Fires can destroy and create, devastate and renew. They can be deliberately set to clean up the country and manage the land or they can be used to decimate ecosystems and despoil life’s sources. There can be cultural fires and wild fires. Cultural fires are set by the land’s traditional owners; wild fires are those sparked by storms and other natural events. Many plants are fire-adapted and thus actually depend on fire for the completion of their life cycle. Other plants are fire sensitive and would suffer greatly if caught in a huge firestorm.1 Indigenous Australians and Canadians know about fire. They have used it to cultivate their homelands for centuries.2 Indigenous Australians and Canadians know about another kind of fire, a heat so intense that it can burn both heart and home: colonialism. It has been used to destroy, devastate and despoil. Like a wild fire it has swept across the land, damaging those caught in its path.