DOCSLIB.ORG

The Crustal Structure of the North–South Earthquake Belt in China Revealed from Deep Seismic Soundings and Gravity Data

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Crustal Structure of the North–South Earthquake Belt in China Revealed from Deep Seismic Soundings and Gravity Data Pure Appl. Geophys. 175 (2018), 193–205 Ó 2017 Springer International Publishing AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1691-y Pure and Applied Geophysics The Crustal Structure of the North–South Earthquake Belt in China Revealed from Deep Seismic Soundings and Gravity Data 1 1 2 2 YANG ZHAO, LIANGHUI GUO, LEI SHI, and YONGHUA LI Abstract—The North–South earthquake belt (NSEB) is one of Liupan Mountains, and Longmen Mountains, along the major earthquake regions in China. The studies of crustal the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau to the structure play a great role in understanding tectonic evolution and in evaluating earthquake hazards in this region. However, some Red River fault zone of Yunnan Province (Wang fundamental crustal parameters, especially crustal interface struc- et al. 1976, 2015a). The NSEB presents complicated ture, are not clear in this region. In this paper, we reconstructed the geological features and crustal structure. To the west crustal interface structure around the NSEB based on both the deep seismic sounding (DSS) data and the gravity data. We firstly of the NSEB is the relatively active Tibetan Plateau, reconstructed the crustal structure of crystalline basement (inter- and to the east are the stable Yangtze and Ordos face G), interface between upper and lower crusts (interface C) and blocks. Large variations of Moho depth and velocity Moho in the study area by compiling the results of 38 DSS profiles published previously. Then, we forwardly calculated the gravity structure are presented between the east and west anomalies caused by the interfaces G and C, and then subtracted areas (Liu et al. 1989; Song et al. 1991; Yin et al. them from the complete Bouguer gravity anomalies, yielding the 1998; Guo et al. 2009). The reconstruction of crustal regional gravity anomalies mainly due to the Moho interface. We structure in the NSEB would be beneficial in under- then utilized a lateral-variable density interface inversion technique with constraints of the DSS data to invert the regional anomalies standing tectonic evolution and geodynamics and in for the Moho depth model in the study area. The reliability of our evaluating earthquake hazards in this region. Moho depth model was evaluated by comparing with other Moho The crust of the NSEB is one of the most complex depth models derived from other gravity inversion technique and receiver function analysis. Based on our Moho depth model, we geological structures among the Chinese continent. mapped the crustal apparent density distribution in the study area Many geophysical studies were conducted around the for better understanding the geodynamics around the NSEB. NSEB in the past decades. However, so far the crustal Key words: North–South earthquake belt, crustal structure, interface structure is still not clear in the NSEB area. Moho depth, gravity inversion, deep seismic soundings. Seismic refraction/reflection is the most direct and effective means to detect the crustal structure and interface information with good vertical resolution. Since 1980s, a number of deep seismic soundings 1. Introduction (DSS) profiles were accomplished in this area. Sev- eral crustal models in the Chinese continent were The North–South earthquake belt (NSEB) is the built based on the DSS data (Deng et al. 2011; Stolk main boundary between the east and west parts of et al. 2013). Since some new DSS profiles were China (see Fig. 1). It extends from the western edge conducted in recent years, a refined crustal model for of Ordos’s basin, through western Qinling Mountains, the NSEB should be constructed. Whereas, the reconstruction of crustal interface structure was restricted due to the sparseness of the DSS profiles in the study area. The complete Bouguer gravity 1 Key Laboratory of Geo-detection Ministry of Education anomalies are important data with a considerable and School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China lateral resolution for studying the crustal structure University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China. E- and tectonics. They contain the gravity effects not mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, only from many of anomalous bodies and interface Beijing 100081, China. 194 Y. Zhao et al. Pure Appl. Geophys. Figure 1 Left: Map of the NSEB and the adjacent areas with the major tectonic features. The black rectangle outlines the study area. Right: Distribution of the earthquake epicenters (1970–2016) in the NSEB and the adjacent areas, colored according to the magnitude of earthquakes. Blue: 5–7 magnitude earthquakes; green: 7-8 magnitude earthquakes. Red lines indicate block boundaries. KT Kunlun-Qaidam Terrane; YO Yanshan Orogen; OB Ordos Basin; QB Qaidam Basin; ST Songpan-Ganzi Terrane; TP Tibetan Plateau; SB Sichuan Basin; IP Indian Plate; YC Yangtze Craton structure within the crust, but also from construction interface inversion technique based on a lateral- of a Moho interface. Since high-resolution gravity variable density contrast model is required to seek a data cover the whole study area, it is necessary to reliable interface model. Prior information from the separate the gravity anomalies due to the density published literature is necessarily involved as con- interface and subsequently invert them for the inter- straints for better inversion. face depth. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the crustal Anomaly separation is one key technique in structure of the NSEB by combining the DSS and gravity data processing. Many frequency-domain fil- gravity data. We firstly constructed crustal interfaces tering techniques have been proposed for anomaly based on the published DSS data. Then, we separated separation, such as upward continuation (Jacobsen the gravity anomalies caused by the Moho interface 1987), matched filtering (Spector and Grant 1970), by removing the contribution of the basement inter- Wiener filtering (Pawlowski and Hansen 1990), face G and upper/lower crustal interface C. preferential continuation (Pawlowski 1995), and Subsequently, the reconstructed Moho interface was preferential filtering (Guo et al. 2012, 2013). But few applied to establish a variable density contrast model. of them could separate the target gravity anomalies We finally inverted the separated anomalies for Moho well, because of no theoretical relationship between depth by a lateral-variable density interface inversion the source depth of gravity field and anomaly spec- technique with constraints of the DSS data. trum. Hence, anomaly stripping would be an alternative technique for better separation. The con- 2. Data Source ventional technique of interface inversion from gravity data was based on a constant-density contrast 2.1. Deep Seismic Soundings Data model without any prior information (Oldenburg 1974). However, due to the complex crust structure Around the NSEB, many DSS profiles have been and the large scale of the NSEB, the density contrast completed for revealing the crustal structure in the value is not always a constant laterally. Thus, an past 30 years, with a cumulative length of over Vol. 175, (2018) The Crustal Structure of the North–South Earthquake Belt in China Revealed 195 Table 1 Information of 38 DSS profiles around the NSEB Number Profile name Year References 1 Lijiang-Panzhihua 1984 Xiong et al. (1993) 2 Mouding-Xichuang 1984 Yin and Xiong (1992) 3 Zhefang-Binchuan 1982 Bai and Wang (2004) 4 Menglian-Malong 1982 Bai and Wang (2004) 5 Lijiang-Xinshizhen 1984 Cui et al. (1987) 6 Lazha-Changheba 1984 Lu et al. (1989) 7 Eryuan-Jiangchuan 1982 Zhang et al. (2007) 8 Simao-Zhongdian 1987 Lin et al. (1993) 9 Huashixia-Jianyang 1987 Cai et al. (2008) 10 Jinchuan-Tangke 1987 Cui and Chen (1994) 11 Batang-Zizhong 2000 Wang et al. (2003b) 12 Benzilan-Tangke 2000 Wang et al. (2003b) 13 Puer-Luxi 2011 Zhang et al. Figure 2 (2013a, b) The locations of the DSS profiles around the NSEB 14 Zhenkang-Luxi 2010 Pan et al. (2015) 15 Yushu-Gonghe 1998 Wang and Qian 18,000 km. Here, we assembled 38 DSS profiles (2000) around the NSEB for reconstructing the crustal 16 Altyn Tagh - 1987- Wang et al. (2005) Longmenshan 1989 model. Figure 2 shows locations of these profiles, 17 Aba-Shuangliu 1990s Zhu (2008) and Table 1 lists information of each profile. 18 Heishui-Beibei 1980s Song (1994) Although the geographical location of these profiles 19 Amuquhu-Lingtai 1986 Zhou (2005) 20 Maqin-Jingbian 1997 Li et al. (2002) is certainly uneven, the coverage is remarkably good 21 Menyuan-Weinan 1982 Zhang et al. (1985) along the NSEB, especially the regions of intense 22 Wendeng- Alxa left 1990s Wang et al. (2014a) tectonic deformation where earthquakes frequently banner 23 Xiji-Zhongwei 1999 Li et al. (2001) occur. 24 Chengxian-Xiji 1986 Li et al. (1991) 25 Tongwei-Huangling 2012 Li et al. (2014a, b) 26 Kangxian-Shiyan 2013 Li et al. (2015) 2.2. Gravity Data 27 Hezuo-Jingtai 2009 Zhang et al. (2013a, b) We assembled the free-air gravity anomaly 28 Aba-Suining 2010 Jia et al. (2014) around the NSEB from the Earth Gravitational Model 29 Jinchuan-Leshan 2013 Wang et al. (2015b) (EGM) 2008 (Pavlis et al. 2012). The EGM 2008 was 30 Chuxiong-Luoping 2005 Wang et al. (2009) 31 Zhongshan-Zizhi 1999 Wang et al. (2002) produced based on marine, land, air-borne gravity 32 Lincang-Yuxi 2011 Wang et al. (2014b) measurements and GRACE satellite altimetry with 33 Yunxian-Ninglang 2012 Chen (2015) resolution of 50 9 50. Compared to other previous 34 Maerkang-Gulang 2004 Zhang et al. (2008) 35 Aba-Wuqi 2014 Wang et al. (2017) models, the EGM 2008 model made great progress on 36 Maduo-Alxa right 2014 Wang et al. (2017) resolution and precision. After standard terrain and banner Bouguer corrections, we obtained the complete 37 Yanyuan-Mahu 2005 Yang et al. (2011) Bouguer gravity anomalies in the study area with 38 Tangke-Pujiang- 1983 Chen et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Erosion in Western China and Tibet
    Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Erosion in Western China and Tibet Amanda C. Henck A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2010 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Geological Sciences In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U. S. Copyright Law. Requests for copying or reproduction of this dissertation may be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106- 1346, 1-800-521-0600, to whom the author has granted “the right to reproduce and sell (a) copies of the manuscript in microform and/or (b) printed copies of the manuscript made from microform.” Signature__________________________ Date______________________________ University of Washington Abstract Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Erosion in Western China and Tibet Amanda C. Henck Chairs of the Supervisory Committee: David R. Montgomery, Professor Department of Earth and Space Sciences Bernard Hallet, Professor Department of Earth and Space Sciences Two parallel debates are ongoing about how tectonics and climate interact to set erosion rates and how humans alter these erosion rates; these issues form the basis for my dissertation. Using the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau as a natural laboratory to inform these two debates, I conduct detailed studies of millennial and decadal erosion rates in southwest China and southeast Tibet, focusing specifically on the Three Rivers Region (TRR) as well as other rivers in Tibet and Yunnan.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Chinese Contemporary Art Song
    Performing Chinese Contemporary Art Song: A Portfolio of Recordings and Exegesis Qing (Lily) Chang Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Elder Conservatorium of Music Faculty of Arts The University of Adelaide July 2017 Table of contents Abstract Declaration Acknowledgements List of tables and figures Part A: Sound recordings Contents of CD 1 Contents of CD 2 Contents of CD 3 Contents of CD 4 Part B: Exegesis Introduction Chapter 1 Historical context 1.1 History of Chinese art song 1.2 Definitions of Chinese contemporary art song Chapter 2 Performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.1 Singing Chinese contemporary art song 2.2 Vocal techniques for performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.3 Various vocal styles for performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.4 Techniques for staging presentations of Chinese contemporary art song i Chapter 3 Exploring how to interpret ornamentations 3.1 Types of frequently used ornaments and their use in Chinese contemporary art song 3.2 How to use ornamentation to match the four tones of Chinese pronunciation Chapter 4 Four case studies 4.1 The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Shang Deyi 4.2 I Love This Land by Lu Zaiyi 4.3 Lullaby by Shi Guangnan 4.4 Autumn, Pamir, How Beautiful My Hometown Is! by Zheng Qiufeng Conclusion References Appendices Appendix A: Romanized Chinese and English translations of 56 Chinese contemporary art songs Appendix B: Text of commentary for 56 Chinese contemporary art songs Appendix C: Performing Chinese contemporary art song: Scores of repertoire for examination Appendix D: University of Adelaide Ethics Approval Number H-2014-184 ii NOTE: 4 CDs containing 'Recorded Performances' are included with the print copy of the thesis held in the University of Adelaide Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 275: 23–65 (2013)Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China... 23 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.275.4571 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) Zi-Wei Yin1,†, Peter Hlaváč2,‡, Li-Zhen Li1,§ 1 Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China 2 Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Forest Protection and Game Management , Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C515106C-5782-4471-AE11-483B49606A67 ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3FA8D0BB-B332-4173-8239-9AB9F6DC9150 § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BBACC7AE-9B70-4536-ABBE-54183D2ABD45 Corresponding author: Li-Zhen Li ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Majka | Received 25 December 2012 | Accepted 3 February 2013 | Published 4 March 2013 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7D9C9F3-1F19-4DE8-A85C-FE1C8D1F1EC5 Citation: Yin Z-W, Hlaváč P, Li L-Z (2013) Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). ZooKeys 275: 23–65. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.275.4571 Abstract New data on the Pselaphodes complex of genera (Pselaphitae: Tyrini) from China is presented. The ge- neric limits of Labomimus Sharp and Pselaphodes Westwood are discussed and expanded. A revised key to the genera of the Pselaphodes complex is provided. New geographic evidence suggests that previously believed wide-spread species Pselaphodes tianmuensis Yin, Li & Zhao contains a number of related spe- cies, resulting in a division of the species to nine separate taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability in Snow Cover Phenology in China from 1952 to 2010
    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 755–770, 2016 www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/20/755/2016/ doi:10.5194/hess-20-755-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Variability in snow cover phenology in China from 1952 to 2010 Chang-Qing Ke1,2,6, Xiu-Cang Li3,4, Hongjie Xie5, Dong-Hui Ma1,6, Xun Liu1,2, and Cheng Kou1,2 1Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China 2Key Laboratory for Satellite Mapping Technology and Applications of State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China 3National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 4Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Faculty of Geography and Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 5Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA 6Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing 210023, China Correspondence to: Chang-Qing Ke ([email protected]) Received: 12 February 2015 – Published in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 30 April 2015 Revised: 11 January 2016 – Accepted: 3 February 2016 – Published: 19 February 2016 Abstract. Daily snow observation data from 672 stations in 1 Introduction China, particularly the 296 stations with over 10 mean snow cover days (SCDs) in a year during the period of 1952–2010, are used in this study. We first examine spatiotemporal vari- Snow has a profound impact on the surficial and atmospheric ations and trends of SCDs, snow cover onset date (SCOD), thermal conditions, and is very sensitive to climatic and en- and snow cover end date (SCED).
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Demolition and the Aesthetics of Recent Ruins In
    Urban Demolition and the Aesthetics of Recent Ruins in Experimental Photography from China Xavier Ortells-Nicolau Directors de tesi: Dr. Carles Prado-Fonts i Dr. Joaquín Beltrán Antolín Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals Departament de Traducció, Interpretació i d’Estudis de l’Àsia Oriental Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2015 ii 工地不知道从哪天起，我们居住的城市 变成了一片名副其实的大工地 这变形记的场京仿佛一场 反复上演的噩梦，时时光顾失眠着 走到睡乡之前的一刻 就好像门面上悬着一快褪色的招牌 “欢迎光临”，太熟识了 以到于她也真的适应了这种的生活 No sé desde cuándo, la ciudad donde vivimos 比起那些在工地中忙碌的人群 se convirtió en un enorme sitio de obras, digno de ese 她就像一只蜂后，在一间屋子里 nombre, 孵化不知道是什么的后代 este paisaJe metamorfoseado se asemeja a una 哦，写作，生育，繁衍，结果，死去 pesadilla presentada una y otra vez, visitando a menudo el insomnio 但是工地还在运转着，这浩大的工程 de un momento antes de llegar hasta el país del sueño, 简直没有停止的一天，今人绝望 como el descolorido letrero que cuelga en la fachada de 她不得不设想，这能是新一轮 una tienda, 通天塔建造工程：设计师躲在 “honrados por su preferencia”, demasiado familiar, 安全的地下室里，就像卡夫卡的鼹鼠， de modo que para ella también resulta cómodo este modo 或锡安城的心脏，谁在乎呢？ de vida, 多少人满怀信心，一致于信心成了目标 en contraste con la multitud aJetreada que se afana en la 工程质量，完成日期倒成了次要的 obra, 我们这个时代，也许只有偶然性突发性 ella parece una abeja reina, en su cuarto propio, incubando quién sabe qué descendencia. 能够结束一切，不会是“哗”的一声。 Ah, escribir, procrear, multipicarse, dar fruto, morir, pero el sitio de obras sigue operando, este vasto proyecto 周瓒 parece casi no tener fecha de entrega, desesperante, ella debe imaginar, esto es un nuevo proyecto, construir una torre de Babel: los ingenieros escondidos en el sótano de seguridad, como el topo de Kafka o el corazón de Sión, a quién le importa cuánta gente se llenó de confianza, de modo que esa confianza se volvió el fin, la calidad y la fecha de entrega, cosas de importancia secundaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Generations of Contemporary Chinese Folk Ballad Minyao 1994-2017
    Two Generations of Contemporary Chinese Folk Ballad Minyao 1994-2017: Emergence, Mobility, and Marginal Middle Class A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN MUSIC July 2020 By Yanxiazi Gao Thesis Committee: Byong Won Lee, Chairperson Frederick Lau (advisor) Ricardo D. Trimillos Cathryn Clayton Keywords: Minyao, Folk Ballad, Marginal Middle Class and Mobility, Sonic Township, Chinese Poetry, Nostalgia © Copyright 2020 By Yanxiazi Gao i for my parents ii Acknowledgements This thesis began with the idea to write about minyao music’s association with classical Chinese poetry. Over the course of my research, I have realized that this genre of music not only relates to the past, but also comes from ordinary people who live in the present. Their life experiences, social statuses, and class aspirations are inevitably intertwined with social changes in post-socialist China. There were many problems I struggled with during the research and writing process, but many people supported me along the way. First and foremost, I am truly grateful to my advisor Dr. Frederick Lau. His intellectual insights into Chinese music and his guidance and advice have inspired me to keep moving throughout the entire graduate study. Professor Ricardo Trimillos gave frequent attention to my academic performance. His critiques of conference papers, thesis drafts, and dry runs enabled this thesis to take shape. Professor Barbara Smith offered her generosity and support to my entire duration of study at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
    [Show full text]
  • Replies to the Editor' Comments
    Replies to the editor’ comments Authors’ replies are in BLUE color. Editor Decision: Publish subject to technical corrections (03 Feb 2016) by Prof. Harrie‐Jan Hendricks Franssen Comments to the Author: Dear Dr Ke, Your manuscript "Variability in snow cover phenology of China from 1952 to 2010" was again subjected to editor review. Still some changes are needed. Below details are provided. The next version should be ready for publication then. Best regards, Harrie‐Jan Hendricks Franssen Details: Table 1: Units are needed for table. My comment to L243 (old version): You only need to include the units if a number is mentioned, for example 6.2 or 13.1. This should not be done each time the variable is mentioned. Like it is introduced now, it is not appropriate. Replies: We revised it and added unit to the table. L238 (annotated version): Skip "This fact indicates that" Replies: We delete it. L240 (annotated version): fewer than what? Replies: We changed ‘fewer’ as ‘small’. L326: reword "tremendous disaster" in scientific language Replies: We reword it as ‘snowstorm’. L353: "catastrophe": is this the right term or an exaggeration? Replies: We reword it as ‘heavy snow-caused’. L355: "snow disaster": reword. Replies: We changed it to “serious damages”. L370: reword: instead of disaster maybe "extreme event". Replies: We changed ’snow disaster’ as ‘extreme snow events’. Dear Editor: Besides the above edits and revisions, we think it is awkward to add the “per year” to each SCD appeared as we did in last revision. (It was over 150 times). We believe it is better to put it into our Abbreviations, namely, “Snow cover days in a year (SCDs)”.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Pressures on Natural Reserves in Yunnan Province And
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Human Pressures on Natural Reserves in Yunnan Province and Management Implications Received: 5 October 2017 Cheng Qiu1,2,3, Jinming Hu 1,3,4, Feiling Yang1,3, Feng Liu1,3 & Xinwang Li1,3 Accepted: 8 February 2018 The analysis of status and major sources of human pressures on natural reserves (NRs) is important Published: xx xx xxxx for optimizing their management. This study selected population density, gross domestic product (GDP) density and areal percentage of human land use to reveal the human pressures of national and provincial NRs (NNRs and PNRs) in Yunnan Province, China. We calculated three types of internal and external human pressure index (HPI) and comprehensive HPI (CHPI) for NRs. Human pressures on most of NRs were slight and light, indicating that most of NRs were well protected. Human pressures on PNRs were higher than on NNRs; with respect to fve types of NRs, geological relict NRs were facing the highest human pressures, followed by wetland ecosystem NRs. Land use and population density were the main human pressures on these NRs. Yunnan Province should put the highest emphasis on three NNRs and two Ramsar site PNRs with severe CHPI, secondly pay attention to eight conservation- oriented PNRs with extreme or severe CHPI. It’s urgent for Yunnan to implement scientifc policies and measures to reduce land use and population density pressures of NRs, especially with severe and extreme CHPI, by transforming internal land use and/or implementing residents’ eco-migration. Biodiversity loss is accelerating1, and increasing human activities that contribute to the degradation of natu- ral ecological systems are the main causes2–4.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology Design for Controlling Cultivation Contamination in Erhai Basin Based on the Theory of Recycling Economy
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 2219–2223 IACEED 2010 Technology Design for Controlling Cultivation Contamination in Erhai Basin Based on the Theory of Recycling Economy CaoYiqiong, XuQian, DongLimin* School of Economics and Management, HuaZhong Normal University,WuHan430079,China Abstract The pollution situation of which is going to analyzed later, the water resource in Erhai Basin is chosen to be the subject of this research by presenting the technology called the solar medium heat steel form solid-liquid joint fermentation biogas technology, which is based on 3R principle. The aim of this research is to do further improvement in recyclable use of resource, reducible discharge of waste water and also realization of win-win cooperation of society, economy and ecological environment in certain area. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RTUDS Keywords: Recycling economy, Pollution controlling, Technology design, Medium heat biogas energy technology 1. Introducti on In the past twenty years, with population increase and the rapid economic development around the basin, as well as the growing exploitation of natural resources, the quality of Erhai water increasingly decline. Aiming at the analysis of the current status of serious agricultural pollution problems in Erhai Lake basin, we put forward the solar medium heat steel form solid-liquid joint fermentation biogas technology based on 3R principle. Through the intensive utilization of farms droppings and sewage, using marshy energy construction technical scheme and integration of Yunnan advanced technology of solar energy utilization, excrement and sewage will be transformed into energy and fertilizer in order to realize * Corresponding aut hor.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    E1748 v2 PEPOLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN PROVINICAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) Public Disclosure Authorized CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT OFFICE KUNMING UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY UGUST A 2007 DRAFT VERSION IDU 11/5/07 YUEP - Consolidated EA Report TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...................................................................................................................I 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1 1.1 YUEP PROJECT BACKGROUND......................................................................................1 1.1.1 GOVERNMENT STRATEGY .....................................................................................1 1.1.2 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SIGNIFICANCE..........................................................3 1.1.3 THE GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF YUEP................................................................3 1.1.4 WORLD BANK CONTRIBUTION .............................................................................4 1.1.5 YUEP PROJECT ORGANIZATION ...........................................................................5 1.2 Overview of the Consolidated EA (CEA).............................................................................6 1.2.1 PURPOSE OF EA.........................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • THE ROLE of NANZHAO HISTORY in the Formanon of BAI IDENTITY
    THE ROLE OF NANZHAO HISTORY IN THE FORMAnON OF BAI IDENTITY by YUQINGYANG A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofArts June 2008 ii "The Role ofNanzhao History in the Fonnation ofBai Identity," a thesis prepared by Yuqing Yang in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master ofArts degree in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: • >===-==-- . Dr. Ina Asim, Chair ofthe Examining Committee oloO~ __n~ IS I Date Committee in Charge: Dr. Ina Asim, Chair Dr. Kathie Carpenter Dr. Xiaobo Su Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School iii © 2008 Yuqing Yang iv An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Yuqing Yang for the degree of Master ofArts in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies to be taken June 2008 Title: THE ROLE OF NANZHAO HISTORY IN THE FORMATION OF BAI IDENTITY ,I Approved: ---~----f-~------------ j Dr. Ina Asim Concentrating on the man-made scenery ofa theme park in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture ofChina-Nanzhao Folk Island, this thesis explores the way in which the Bai people acquire an identity by sharing a common history that is actively re-created. The state designated minority status ofthe Bai has been made concrete first by the nationality classification project ofthe 1950s; then continued by ethnic tourism in the reform era. The history ofthe ancient Nanzhao Kingdom (649-902) is recounted and reenacted on the Nanzhao Folk Island following the ideological guideline for the creation and preservation ofthe historical unity ofChina.
    [Show full text]
  • Una Aproximación Al Conocimiento De La Flora Más Amenazada De China
    Collectanea Botanica (Barcelona) vol. 28 (2009): 95-110 ISSN: 0010-0730 doi: 10.3989/collectbot.2008.v28.004 An insight into the most threatened fl ora of China J. LÓPEZ-PUJOL1 & Z.-Y. ZHANG2 1Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Psg. Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain. 2Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Author for correspondence: J. López-Pujol ([email protected]) Received 3 March 2009; Accepted 10 June 2009 Abstract China harbors a very rich plant biodiversity both in total number of taxa and in endemism. Nevertheless, a signifi cant fraction of this diversity (up to 20% of the native plants to China) is currently threatened. Among this endangered fl ora, an appreciable but still unquantifi ed number of taxa are in an extreme situation of risk because of their low population sizes, often consisting of fewer than 100 individuals. We have selected 20 plant taxa as a sample of this extremely threatened fl ora, and, from these, information about their geographic range, population size, threats, existing conservation measures, legal status and threat degree (according to the IUCN criteria) is provided. The extreme rarity of these taxa can be linked to their evolutionary history (they are palaeo- or neoendemics) and/or to severe human disturbance (mostly habitat destruction and overexploitation) affecting them. Key words: conservation; endangered; endemic; plant species; rare. Resumen Una aproximación al conocimiento de la fl ora más amenazada de China.- China posee una gran diversidad de espe- cies vegetales, tanto en lo que se refi ere al número total de taxones como a la cantidad de endemismos.
    [Show full text]