World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document E1748 v2 PEPOLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN PROVINICAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (YUEP) Public Disclosure Authorized CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized YUNNAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT OFFICE KUNMING UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY UGUST A 2007 DRAFT VERSION IDU 11/5/07 YUEP - Consolidated EA Report TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...................................................................................................................I 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1 1.1 YUEP PROJECT BACKGROUND......................................................................................1 1.1.1 GOVERNMENT STRATEGY .....................................................................................1 1.1.2 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SIGNIFICANCE..........................................................3 1.1.3 THE GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF YUEP................................................................3 1.1.4 WORLD BANK CONTRIBUTION .............................................................................4 1.1.5 YUEP PROJECT ORGANIZATION ...........................................................................5 1.2 Overview of the Consolidated EA (CEA).............................................................................6 1.2.1 PURPOSE OF EA.........................................................................................................6 1.2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CEA AND THE GRADE OF ASSESSMENT......................6 1.2.3 PREPARATION OF CEA ............................................................................................9 1.2.4 COMPOSITION OF THE CEA AND THE ASSESSMENT CONSULTANT..........10 1.3 THE RESEARCH SCOPE OF CEA...................................................................................12 1.3.1 MACRO-LEVEL ANALYSIS....................................................................................12 1.3.2 DURATIONS TO BE ANALYZED BY CEA ...........................................................12 1.3.3 THE RELATIONS BETWEEN SUBCOMPONENT EIA AND THE CEA..............12 1.4 THE SCOPE OF EA AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TARGETS (SENSITIVE POINTS) 12 1.4.1 SCOPE OF EA............................................................................................................12 1.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TARGETS (SENSITIVE POINTS)...............15 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS AND ASSESSMENT FACTORS ................15 1.5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS.........................15 1.5.2 EACREENING ...........................................................................................................16 2 INSTITUTIONAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.........................................25 2.1 Environmental Policy Framework.......................................................................................25 2.1.1 introduction .................................................................................................................25 2.1.2 Environmental prtection Laws And Regulations.........................................................25 2.1.3 Technical Policies for Pollution Prevention & Control...............................................26 2.1.4 Socio-economic Development And Environment protection Plans And Planning .....26 2.1.5 Technoque Guide Rule And Criterion of EIA.............................................................27 2.1.6 Environmental Quality Standards................................................................................28 2.1.7 Pollutants Discharge and control Standards ................................................................28 2.1.8 The World Bank Safeguards Policies..........................................................................46 2.1.9 Documents Referred in Processing this EA Report.....................................................47 2.2 Environmental Management Institutions and Roles............................................................48 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS ....................................................55 3.1 project name and organization ............................................................................................55 3.2 Project Proposed Location...................................................................................................56 3.3 Subcomponents’ Owners or Implementing Organization ...................................................62 3.4 project construction scheme ................................................................................................64 3.4.1 Project construction scale and content ........................................................................64 3.4.2 Subcomponents’ construction locations......................................................................81 3.4.3 Objectives of Subcomponents .....................................................................................84 3.5 Subcomponents of water supply..........................................................................................89 3.5.1 Main properties ...........................................................................................................89 3.5.2 Pipe network and pump station ...................................................................................89 Yunnan Urban Environment Project Office - I - Kunming University of Science & Technology YUEP - Consolidated EA Report 3.5.3 Water Treatment Process.............................................................................................90 3.5.4 The usability analysis of water resources....................................................................90 3.6 Subcomponents of Municipal Waste Water Treatment.......................................................92 3.6.1 Main Attributes ...........................................................................................................92 3.6.2 Influent and Effluent Water Quality of the waste water treatment facility..................93 3.7 Subcomponents of Riverway Water Environment Integrated Renovation..........................95 3.7.1 Main Attributes ...........................................................................................................95 3.7.2 Dredging......................................................................................................................96 3.7.3 Riverway Integrated Renovation Analysis..................................................................96 3.8 Subcomponents of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal ..........................................................97 3.8.1 Main Attributes ...........................................................................................................97 3.8.2 Solid Waste Disposal Methods....................................................................................98 3.8.3 Disposal of Leachate ...................................................................................................98 3.8.4 Disposal of Landfill Gas..............................................................................................99 3.9 Investment of subcomponents...........................................................................................100 3.10 Implementation schedule plan...........................................................................................101 4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF PROJECT AREAS.................................103 4.1 Environmental Overview of Yunnan Province .................................................................103 4.2 Environmental Overview of Project Area in Kunming.....................................................106 4.2.1 Luquan County..........................................................................................................106 4.2.2 Songming County......................................................................................................109 4.2.3 Xundian County........................................................................................................112 4.3 Environment Overview of Dali City (Erhai) .....................................................................115 4.3.1 Dali City ....................................................................................................................115 4.3.2 Eryuan County...........................................................................................................121 4.3.3 Erhai Lake Basin .......................................................................................................124 4.4 Overview of Environment in Lijiang Area........................................................................130 4.4.1 Lijiang City ...............................................................................................................131 4.4.2 Huaping County........................................................................................................134 4.4.3 Yulong County..........................................................................................................137 4.5 Overview of Environment in Wenshan Prefecture............................................................140 4.5.1 Wenshan County .......................................................................................................140 4.5.2 Qiubei County ...........................................................................................................143
Recommended publications
  • An Overview of Hakka Migration History: Where Are You From?
    客家 My China Roots & CBA Jamaica An overview of Hakka Migration History: Where are you from? July, 2016 www.mychinaroots.com & www.cbajamaica.com 15 © My China Roots An Overview of Hakka Migration History: Where Are You From? Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3 Five Key Hakka Migration Waves............................................................................................. 3 Mapping the Waves ....................................................................................................................... 3 First Wave: 4th Century, “the Five Barbarians,” Jin Dynasty......................................................... 4 Second Wave: 10th Century, Fall of the Tang Dynasty ................................................................. 6 Third Wave: Late 12th & 13th Century, Fall Northern & Southern Song Dynasties ....................... 7 Fourth Wave: 2nd Half 17th Century, Ming-Qing Cataclysm .......................................................... 8 Fifth Wave: 19th – Early 20th Century ............................................................................................. 9 Case Study: Hakka Migration to Jamaica ............................................................................ 11 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11 Context for Early Migration: The Coolie Trade...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Controls on Modern Erosion and the Development of the Pearl River Drainage in the Late Paleogene
    Marine Geology xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margo Invited research article Controls on modern erosion and the development of the Pearl River drainage in the late Paleogene ⁎ Chang Liua, Peter D. Clifta,b, , Andrew Carterc, Philipp Böningd, Zhaochu Hue, Zhen Sunf, Katharina Pahnked a Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA b School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China c Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK d Max Planck Research Group for Marine Isotope Geochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129, Germany e State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China f Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510301, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Pearl River and its tributaries drains large areas of southern China and has been the primary source of Zircon sediment to the northern continental margin of the South China Sea since its opening. In this study we use a Nd isotope combination of bulk sediment geochemistry, Nd and Sr isotope geochemistry, and single grain zircon U-Pb Erosion dating to understand the source of sediment in the modern drainage. We also performed zircon U-Pb dating on Provenance Eocene sedimentary rocks sampled by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 349 in order to Pearl River constrain the source of sediment to the rift before the Oligocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Erosion in Western China and Tibet
    Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Erosion in Western China and Tibet Amanda C. Henck A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2010 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Geological Sciences In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U. S. Copyright Law. Requests for copying or reproduction of this dissertation may be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106- 1346, 1-800-521-0600, to whom the author has granted “the right to reproduce and sell (a) copies of the manuscript in microform and/or (b) printed copies of the manuscript made from microform.” Signature__________________________ Date______________________________ University of Washington Abstract Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Erosion in Western China and Tibet Amanda C. Henck Chairs of the Supervisory Committee: David R. Montgomery, Professor Department of Earth and Space Sciences Bernard Hallet, Professor Department of Earth and Space Sciences Two parallel debates are ongoing about how tectonics and climate interact to set erosion rates and how humans alter these erosion rates; these issues form the basis for my dissertation. Using the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau as a natural laboratory to inform these two debates, I conduct detailed studies of millennial and decadal erosion rates in southwest China and southeast Tibet, focusing specifically on the Three Rivers Region (TRR) as well as other rivers in Tibet and Yunnan.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the Peoples’ Republic of China on the Boundary Question
    Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the Peoples’ Republic of China on the Boundary Question (Introduction & Item I till page 40) Ministry of External, Government of India 1. The Prime Minister of India and the Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China met in Delhi from the 19th of April to the 25th of April 1960 to discuss certain differences relating to the border areas which had arisen between the Government of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China. The two Prime Ministers explained fully the respective stands of the two Governments and as a result, there was a better appreciation of the points of view of the two Governments. The talks, however, did not resolve the differences that had arisen and the two Prime Ministers decided that officials of the two Governments should examine the factual materials in the possession of the two Governments in support of their stands. 2. The Joint Communiqué issued on the 25th of April 1960 at the conclusion of the talks of the Prime Ministers in Delhi embodied their decisions and served as a broad directive for the official teams who were to undertake the examination envisaged by the Prime Ministers. The Joint Communiqué inter alia stated as follows: The two Prime Ministers, therefore, agreed that officials of the .two Governments should meet and examine, check and study all historical documents, records, accounts, maps and other material relevant to the boundary question, on which each side relied in support of its stand, and draw up a report for submission to the two Governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Anisotropic Patterns of Liver Cancer Prevalence in Guangxi in Southwest China: Is Local Climate a Contributing Factor?
    DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.8.3579 Anisotropic Patterns of Liver Cancer Prevalence in Guangxi in Southwest China: Is Local Climate a Contributing Factor? RESEARCH ARTICLE Anisotropic Patterns of Liver Cancer Prevalence in Guangxi in Southwest China: Is Local Climate a Contributing Factor? Wei Deng1&, Long Long2&*, Xian-Yan Tang3, Tian-Ren Huang1, Ji-Lin Li1, Min- Hua Rong1, Ke-Zhi Li1, Hai-Zhou Liu1 Abstract Geographic information system (GIS) technology has useful applications for epidemiology, enabling the detection of spatial patterns of disease dispersion and locating geographic areas at increased risk. In this study, we applied GIS technology to characterize the spatial pattern of mortality due to liver cancer in the autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang in southwest China. A database with liver cancer mortality data for 1971-1973, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005, including geographic locations and climate conditions, was constructed, and the appropriate associations were investigated. It was found that the regions with the highest mortality rates were central Guangxi with Guigang City at the center, and southwest Guangxi centered in Fusui County. Regions with the lowest mortality rates were eastern Guangxi with Pingnan County at the center, and northern Guangxi centered in Sanjiang and Rongshui counties. Regarding climate conditions, in the 1990s the mortality rate of liver cancer positively correlated with average temperature and average minimum temperature, and negatively correlated with average precipitation. In 2004 through 2005, mortality due to liver cancer positively correlated with the average minimum temperature. Regions of high mortality had lower average humidity and higher average barometric pressure than did regions of low mortality.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】
    Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】 【OBD】Beijing Essence Tour Price List US $ per person Itinerary 1: Beijing 3N4D Tour Itinerary 2: Beijing 4N5D Tour Tour Fare Itinerary 1 3N4D Itinerary 2 4N5D O Level A Level B Level A Level B B OBD4A OBD4B OBD5A OBD5B D Valid Date WED/FRI WED/FRI/SUN TUE/THU TUE/THU/SUN 2011.3.1-2011.8.31 208 178 238 198 Beijing 2011.9.1-2011. 11.30 218 188 258 208 2011.12.1-2012. 2.29 188 168 218 188 Single Room Supp. 160 130 200 150 Tips 32 32 40 40 1) Price excludes tips. The tips are for tour guide, driver and bell boys in hotel. Children should pay as much as adults. 2) Specified items(self-financed): Remarks Beijing/Kung Fu Show (US $28/P); [Half price (no seat) for child below 1.0m; full price for child over 1.0m. Only one child without seat is allowed for two adults.] 3) Total Fare: tour fare + specified self-financed fee(US $28/P) The price is based on adults; the price for children can be found on Page 87 Detailed Start Dates (The Local Date in China) Date Every Tues. Every Wed. Every Thur. Every Fri. Every Sun. Month OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD4B/OBD5B 2011. 3. 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 02, 09, 16, 23, 30 03, 10, 17, 24, 31 04, 11, 18, 25 06, 13, 20, 27 2011. 4. 05, 12, 19, 26 06, 13, 20, 27 07, 14, 21, 28 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 03, 10, 17, 24 Tour Highlights Tour Code:OBD4A/B Wall】 of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Modified Pomace on Copper Migration Via Riverbank Soil in Southwest China
    Effect of modified pomace on copper migration via riverbank soil in southwest China Lingyuan Chen1,*, Touqeer Abbas2,*, Lin Yang1, Yao Xu1, Hongyan Deng1, Lei Hou3 and Wenbin Li1 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China 3 College of Resources & Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT To explore the effects of modified pomace on copper migration via the soil on the banks of the rivers in northern Sichuan and Chongqing, fruit pomace (P) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) modified P (EP) were evenly added (1% mass ratio) to the soil samples of Guanyuan, Nanbu, Jialing, and Hechuan from the Jialing River; Mianyang and Suining from the Fu River; and Guangan and Dazhou from the Qu River. The geochemical characteristics and migration rules of copper in different amended soils were simulated by column experiment. Results showed that the permeation time of copper in each soil column was categorized as EP-amended > P-amended > original soil, and the permeation time of amended soil samples at different locations was Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guanyuan > Hechuan. Meanwhile, the average flow rate of copper in each soil column showed a reverse trend with the permeation time. Copper in exchangeable, carbonate, and iron–manganese oxide forms decreased with the increase of vertical depth in the soil column, among which the most evident decreases appeared in the carbonate-bonding form. The copper accumulation in different Submitted 8 October 2020 Accepted 1 July 2021 locations presented a trend of Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Published 27 July 2021 Nanbu > Guangyuan > Hechuan, and the copper content under the same soil showed Corresponding author EP-amended > P-amended > original soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Chinese Contemporary Art Song
    Performing Chinese Contemporary Art Song: A Portfolio of Recordings and Exegesis Qing (Lily) Chang Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Elder Conservatorium of Music Faculty of Arts The University of Adelaide July 2017 Table of contents Abstract Declaration Acknowledgements List of tables and figures Part A: Sound recordings Contents of CD 1 Contents of CD 2 Contents of CD 3 Contents of CD 4 Part B: Exegesis Introduction Chapter 1 Historical context 1.1 History of Chinese art song 1.2 Definitions of Chinese contemporary art song Chapter 2 Performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.1 Singing Chinese contemporary art song 2.2 Vocal techniques for performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.3 Various vocal styles for performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.4 Techniques for staging presentations of Chinese contemporary art song i Chapter 3 Exploring how to interpret ornamentations 3.1 Types of frequently used ornaments and their use in Chinese contemporary art song 3.2 How to use ornamentation to match the four tones of Chinese pronunciation Chapter 4 Four case studies 4.1 The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Shang Deyi 4.2 I Love This Land by Lu Zaiyi 4.3 Lullaby by Shi Guangnan 4.4 Autumn, Pamir, How Beautiful My Hometown Is! by Zheng Qiufeng Conclusion References Appendices Appendix A: Romanized Chinese and English translations of 56 Chinese contemporary art songs Appendix B: Text of commentary for 56 Chinese contemporary art songs Appendix C: Performing Chinese contemporary art song: Scores of repertoire for examination Appendix D: University of Adelaide Ethics Approval Number H-2014-184 ii NOTE: 4 CDs containing 'Recorded Performances' are included with the print copy of the thesis held in the University of Adelaide Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 275: 23–65 (2013)Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China... 23 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.275.4571 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) Zi-Wei Yin1,†, Peter Hlaváč2,‡, Li-Zhen Li1,§ 1 Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China 2 Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Forest Protection and Game Management , Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C515106C-5782-4471-AE11-483B49606A67 ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3FA8D0BB-B332-4173-8239-9AB9F6DC9150 § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BBACC7AE-9B70-4536-ABBE-54183D2ABD45 Corresponding author: Li-Zhen Li ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Majka | Received 25 December 2012 | Accepted 3 February 2013 | Published 4 March 2013 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7D9C9F3-1F19-4DE8-A85C-FE1C8D1F1EC5 Citation: Yin Z-W, Hlaváč P, Li L-Z (2013) Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). ZooKeys 275: 23–65. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.275.4571 Abstract New data on the Pselaphodes complex of genera (Pselaphitae: Tyrini) from China is presented. The ge- neric limits of Labomimus Sharp and Pselaphodes Westwood are discussed and expanded. A revised key to the genera of the Pselaphodes complex is provided. New geographic evidence suggests that previously believed wide-spread species Pselaphodes tianmuensis Yin, Li & Zhao contains a number of related spe- cies, resulting in a division of the species to nine separate taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Paha Buyang*
    Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area Volume 29.1 — April 2006 NOTES ON PAHA BUYANG* Li Jinfang1 Central University for Nationalities and University of Melbourne Luo Yongxian2 University of Melbourne This paper is an outline of some of the major features of the phonology and grammar of a dialect of the Buyang language, a Tai-Kadai language with roughly 2000 speakers spread over the border area of Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces in China, and northern Vietnam and Laos. The particular variety described is the Paha variety spoken in Yanglian village, Guangnan County in Yunnan Province, China. The genetic position of Buyang within Tai-Kadai, and the influence of Zhuang and Chinese on the language are also discussed. Keywords: Tai-Kadai, Buyang, language description, Yunnan, endangered languages 1. INTRODUCTION Buyang is a small ethnic group in Southwest China, with approximately 2,000 speakers. They are distributed in the following locations (see Map 1). 1) Southeast of Gula Township of Funing County Yunnan Province on the Sino-Vietnamese border. There are eight villages: Ecun, Dugan, Zhelong, Nada, Longna, Maguan, Langjia, and Nianlang. These form the largest concentration of Buyang, with about 1,000 speakers. These villages, which are in close geographical proximity, are referred to by the local Han and Zhuang people as 布央八寨 ‘the eight Buyang villages’; 2) North of Guangnan County in southeastern Yunnan. About five hundred speakers live in Yanglian Village of Dixu Township, and about a hundred in Anshe Village of Bada Township; 3) Central Bohe Township of Napo County, western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, on the Sino-Vietnamese border.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crustal Structure of the North–South Earthquake Belt in China Revealed from Deep Seismic Soundings and Gravity Data
    Pure Appl. Geophys. 175 (2018), 193–205 Ó 2017 Springer International Publishing AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1691-y Pure and Applied Geophysics The Crustal Structure of the North–South Earthquake Belt in China Revealed from Deep Seismic Soundings and Gravity Data 1 1 2 2 YANG ZHAO, LIANGHUI GUO, LEI SHI, and YONGHUA LI Abstract—The North–South earthquake belt (NSEB) is one of Liupan Mountains, and Longmen Mountains, along the major earthquake regions in China. The studies of crustal the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau to the structure play a great role in understanding tectonic evolution and in evaluating earthquake hazards in this region. However, some Red River fault zone of Yunnan Province (Wang fundamental crustal parameters, especially crustal interface struc- et al. 1976, 2015a). The NSEB presents complicated ture, are not clear in this region. In this paper, we reconstructed the geological features and crustal structure. To the west crustal interface structure around the NSEB based on both the deep seismic sounding (DSS) data and the gravity data. We firstly of the NSEB is the relatively active Tibetan Plateau, reconstructed the crustal structure of crystalline basement (inter- and to the east are the stable Yangtze and Ordos face G), interface between upper and lower crusts (interface C) and blocks. Large variations of Moho depth and velocity Moho in the study area by compiling the results of 38 DSS profiles published previously. Then, we forwardly calculated the gravity structure are presented between the east and west anomalies caused by the interfaces G and C, and then subtracted areas (Liu et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neolithic Ofsouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal
    The Neolithic ofSouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal ZHANG CHI AND HSIAO-CHUN HUNG INTRODUCTION SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE YELLOW RIVER and Mainland Southeast Asia, southern China1 lies centrally within eastern Asia. This geographical area can be divided into three geomorphological terrains: the middle and lower Yangtze allu­ vial plain, the Lingnan (southern Nanling Mountains)-Fujian region,2 and the Yungui Plateau3 (Fig. 1). During the past 30 years, abundant archaeological dis­ coveries have stimulated a rethinking of the role ofsouthern China in the prehis­ tory of China and Southeast Asia. This article aims to outline briefly the Neolithic cultural developments in the middle and lower Yangtze alluvial plain, to discuss cultural influences over adjacent regions and, most importantly, to examine the issue of southward population dispersal during this time period. First, we give an overview of some significant prehistoric discoveries in south­ ern China. With the discovery of Hemudu in the mid-1970s as the divide, the history of archaeology in this region can be divided into two phases. The first phase (c. 1920s-1970s) involved extensive discovery, when archaeologists un­ earthed Pleistocene human remains at Yuanmou, Ziyang, Liujiang, Maba, and Changyang, and Palaeolithic industries in many caves. The major Neolithic cul­ tures, including Daxi, Qujialing, Shijiahe, Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu, and Beiyinyangying in the middle and lower Yangtze, and several shell midden sites in Lingnan, were also discovered in this phase. During the systematic research phase (1970s to the present), ongoing major ex­ cavation at many sites contributed significantly to our understanding of prehis­ toric southern China. Additional early human remains at Wushan, Jianshi, Yun­ xian, Nanjing, and Hexian were recovered together with Palaeolithic assemblages from Yuanmou, the Baise basin, Jianshi Longgu cave, Hanzhong, the Li and Yuan valleys, Dadong and Jigongshan.
    [Show full text]