THE BUILDING OF

during the period of the Knights of St. John of

1530 - 1795

J. QUENTIN HUGHES

M.C., B.ARCH., PH.D., A.R.I.B.A.

MALTAiPROGRESS PRESS Co. Ltd.11986 Contents

; Page FOREWORD - v

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - - ix

INTRODUCTION - - 1

I. MILITARY ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING The military background of the Mediterranean Wars against the Turks The advantages of The advantages and disadvantages of Malta and The great siege of 1565 - The new city of - Extensions to the defences of Valletta The defences of the Eighteenth century defences to Marsamuscetto Harbour The outer defcnces of Malta The fortified villa

11. CHURCHES Early churches in Malta - Traditional Maltese churches with longitudinal plans Small traditional churches of the late 16th and succeed- ing centuries The development of the longitudinal plan in Maltese churches The larger parish churches Centrally planned churches an Malta Smaller country churches with centralized plans - Centrally planned churches of the 18th century in Valletta Summary of the characteristics of Maltese churches -

vii 111. , PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND HOUSES #age Early palaces in and Rabat 125 The auberges in the (Vittoriosa) 127 Early buildings in Valletta 132 Small palaces and houses in the 17th and 18th centuries 162 Larger palaces and public buildings of the 17th and 18th centuries 174

IV. BUILDING MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION Description of the Islands 191 Geology of the Islands - 192 Methods of stone comstruction in Malta 195

LIST OF GRAND MASTERS - 200

BIOGRAPHIES OF ARCHITECTS AND MILITARY ENGINEERS - 20 1

GLOSSARY - 225

INDEX . 235

viii Index

Acre. 2 : see Annunciation parish ~darh.Philip Villiers de SIsle, 3, church, St. Roch church 10,14,49,70,191,208 Barbara. Giovanni, 102,113-1 17, Adoration of the Magi- chapel,- Val- 120,178,181,201,203 letta, 69 Baviere. Auberge de, Valletta, 174. Advanced gate, Vittoriosa, 108 175, 77-79.317 Alberti. Leone Battista, 122,162,165, Bellavanti. Nlcolo, 202. mnc LU J Belvedere Nicchione, Vatican, 165 Alexander VII, 167 Beneguas. Giovanni, 82 Algardi. Alessandro, 75 Birgu (Vittoriosa), 3,14-20,23,48, Algardi. Stefano, 72 6 2 Allemagne.- Auberge d', Valletta, : see St. Helen parish 138 church, Assumption parish Allemagne. Auberge d', Vittoriosa, church 127 Bishop's , Mdina, 254 ~lphbnseI, 42 Bishop's palace, Valletta, 208 Aneleterre. Auberge- d',- Vittoriosa, Blessed Sacrament (Philermos) l?!7,130, 48 chapel, Valletta, 68 Anima (dell') church, Valletta, 202 Bombes. Fortes des, , 107 AngloeBavarian langue, 69,70,139, Bonamici. Filippo, 82-84,199,202 174 Bonavia. Giuseppe, 77,78 Annunciation ~arishchurch, Balzan, Bonici. Giuseppe, 116,183,186,203, 96,123, 206 223 Aragon. Auberge d', Valletta, 108, Bontadini. V. B. de, 201 138-140,144,157,174,52,172,271, Borromini. Francesco, 55,65,114, 283 165,212 Aragon. Auberge d', Vittoriosa, 127, Botticelli, 16 3 130 Brachia valley, 30 Aragon. Langue of, 68,141 Bramante, 91,163,164,205 Archbishop's palace, Valletta, 186, Bramantino, 163 310,311 Burgos cathedral, 90 Arena. Giuseppe d', 68 Burlo. Paolo, 203 Armeria palace, Zurrieq, 170, 308 ~ssum~tibnold parish church, Birkirkara, 62,89,92,122,123,198, Cachia. Antonio, 203 208, 181-183 Cachia. Domenico, 40,103,121,124, : see St. Anton's palace, St. 138,181,182,203 Mary parish church Caffarelli Vidoni palace, , 165 Attard. Giovanni, 201,209 Cagliares. Mons., 208 Auberges : see Angleterrevittoriosa, Calabria, 6,38 Allemagne Vittoriosa, Aragon Calamos, 9 Valletta, Aragon Vittoriosa, Au. Calchos, 9 vergne Valletta, Bavarie Valletta, Cambiano. Giuseppe, 21 Castile et Leon Valletta, Castile et Camerata saddle, 23 Leon Vittoriosa, France Valletta, Campi. Scipione, 204 France Vittoriosa, Italie Valletta, Cancelleria, Rome, 47 Italie Vittoriosa, Provence Val. Candia, 4,23,32 letta, Provence et Auvergne Vie Caprarola : see Farnese villa toriosa Capuchin monastery, Floriana, 206 Auvergne. Aubcrge d', Valletta, Capuchin monastery of St. Liberata, 138,141-143, 53,54,282 215 Auvergne. ~aj'n~ueof, 68 ~aiafa.Fra Gerolamo, 60 Carafa dei Principi della RocceIla. Baccio da Montelupo, 164 Fra Gregorio, 69,'143 Bakery of the Order, Valletta, 150, Caravaggio, 69,72,107 151, 62 ~armeli&church, Mdina, 219 235 Carmelite church, Valletta, 77,78,81, Decolation Oratory, Valletta, 7 1 86,122,124,166,206, 163,164 Delimara Tower, 37, 5 Carner. , 139,174 . Tommaso, 62,90-95,103, Carnerio palace, 139 120,122,124,198,201,204,208,209 Cassar. Andrea, 203,204 Dorell palace, Valletta, 159, 293 Cassar. Fra Gabriello, 205 Doria. Admiral, 209,221 Cassar. Gerolamo. 23.27.39.51.52. Dragut. General, 16,18 59 et sea.. 81:84-86.88.9i.i06. i Dragut Point, 3 3 Egas. Enrique de, 15 3 Elba, 10 England. Langue of, 11,70,71,138, 174 Cassikre. La, 62,70,133,150,15,3,205 Episcopal Seminary, Mdina : ace , Valletta, 183,203,223, Semlnary 86.87.329 Episcopia, 9 ~astiieit Leon. Auberge de. Val- Erardi. Stefano, 69 letta, 40,104,132,138,177,181,182, Eres, 10 204, 85,325-328 Escorial monastery library, Madrid, 65 Castile et Leon. Auberee", de. Vit- toriosa, 127 Eviza, 10 Castile et Leon. Langue of, 68,201 Castile Heights, 19,23,26,27 Falzon palace, Mdina, 126,127 Castile Sauare. Valletta. 266 Farnese villa, Caprarola, 38 Cataneo. '~ietio,28 ' Favrav. Antoine de. 71 Catania, 98,101 ~errarholino.~ntonio, 14,15,21,209, Cathedral, Mdina, 41,42,98,100-103, 214,216,218 120,122,124, 217-220 Ferres. Achille. 64 Cavalier Tower, Qrendi, 38, 11-14 Filarete (Anton-io Averlino or Aver- Cerceau. du, 40 ulino), 28,153,164 Charles V of Spain, 3.1 1,13.209 Filippini Convent, Rome, 5 5,165 Chiei. Fabio (Alexander VII)., . 167 Firenzuola. Vincenzo Maculano da, ~ittgVecchia :~see Mdina I .31,32,210,211 ~ivitaVecchia, 22 Florence : see S. Lorenzo, Lauren- ! Clement XIV, 157,202 tian Library, S. M. Novella, S. Clermont de Chattes Gessan. de, 68 Miniato a1 Monte, 140 Coeworden, 29 Flores College, Valletta, 69 Coglituri. Matteo, 208 Floriana : see Portes des Bombes, Collacchio, 28 Seminary, Serria chapel, St. Pub- .Collacchium, 127,128 lius parish clturch, 29,34 Cos, 9 Floriana defences,. 21,26,30,31,33...... Comino Fort, 36,208, 3 201,203,215 Conception church, Zebbug, 106, Moriani. Pietro Paolo, 30.3 1,210, 123 Constantinople, 7-10,17,20 Floriani. Pompeii, 210 Conventual church : see St. John Prance. Auberge de, Valletta, 138, Cornia. Ascania della, 22 148-150, 60,61 Correa House, Valletta, 178, 81,82 France. Auberge de, Vittoriosa, 127- Correa de ~ouia.Antonio, 178 13 1, 46,47,261,263 Corradin Hill, 15,17,19,21 Prance. Langue of, 69,148,157 Cuxaica, 10,15,38 Francesco di Giorgio, 28,40, 19 Cospicua : see St. Helen's gate, St. Franciscan cloisters, Rabat, 260 Margherita's monastery, 3 1,32 Fratino, 22 Cotoner. Nicholhs, 32,67,68,138 Cotoner. Rafael. 67.223 Cotoner lines, 32;33,67,210,222,223, Gafi. Lorenzo, 56,70,8 1-84,95-110, 102-105 118-121,124,212 I Couvre porte, Vittoriosa, 109 Gafi. Melchiorre, 70,97 Crispo. Saverio Verario, 170 Gambray Fort, 193 Customs House, Valletta, 116,170, Garagona, 21 3 186,187,196,203, 90,331,332 Gargallo. Tommaso, 156 Cyprus, 3,7,9,205 Garzes. Martino de, 70 Gauci St. Paul 'Tat-Torga' Tower, Jesuit church, Valletta, 82,156 2 John of . Don, 9,204,210, Genga. Bartolomeo, 21,136,213,214, 221 216,218,219 Genga.' Girolamo, 213 Kalkara : see Ricasoli Fort Genzaro, 29 Kalkara Mount, 19 Genoa, 8,15 Kyrenia , Cyprus, 132 Germany. Langue of, 11,71 Gesa church and University, Val- letta, 82,121,157,202, 66,238-240 Lanci. Baldassare, 2 1,2 16-2 19 GesG, Rome, 61,67,102,156 Laparelli. Francesco, 21-23,26,27, Ghaxaq parish church : see St. Mary 30, 59, 136,204-206,214,217,218, Gian. Maestro. 183 220,221 Giocchino. ~aidinal,188 LAPARELLI. CODEX,2 17,2 18 Giocondo. Fra. 28 Lascaris Castellar. Jean-Paul, 4,37, Giuratale banco : see Municipal 69,82,210 palace, Valletta Laurana. Francesco, 164 Giuseppe. Fra, 215 Laurentian Library, Florence, 72 Gonzales de Mendoza. Fra Pietro, Leone palace, Santa Vennera, 179, 113 83 Gourgion Tower, Gozo, 35,38, 4 Leros, 9 Library of the Order, Valletta, 187- Grand Harbour, 5,11,14,16,19,26, 189,203,216, 91,92 31,33,48,186,196,203 Lija : see St. Peter, St, Saviour parish Granmichele, 29 church Grunenberg. Don Carlos de, 3 3,2 15, Lija old parish church, 119, 132,133 222 Lomellini. Fra Stefano Maria, 71 Gudia : see St. Mary 'Ta Bir Miftuh' Lower gate, Mdina, 116 Gudia parish church, 96 Luke. Sir Harry, 4 Guidi. Domenico, 68 church, 96,124,208 Luti. Benedetto, 108 : see St. Mary of Porto Salvo, Our Lady of Sorrows (Pietci) Madama palace, Rome, 183 Henry VIII, 70 Maedalene church. Valletta. 121 Herrera. Juan de, 65 ~a&.G., 28 ' High Street, Qormi, 274,276 Magisterial palace, Mdina, 201 Holy Crucifix oratory, Vittoriosa, 99 Magisterial palace, Valletta, 3,27,28, 59. 76. 113. 132.133.135.151,157, Holy Inquisition palace, Siggiewi, 50,51,249,279-281 307 198,206, ~imedes.Juan d', 14,17,70 Magisterial palace, Vittoriosa, 128 117 Mahomet 11, 10 Hompesch arch, Zabbar, Main gate, Mdina, 110 Hospital of the Order, Valletta, 79, 11 116,152,197, 64,288-290 Main gate, Vittoriosa, 1 303 Main Street, Zebbug, 272 Hospital Square, Zebbug, 162, Mamu Tower, 38, 8-10 valley, 23,26 Immaculate Conception, Zebbug, Mandra (della) hills, 210 43,55,56, L95 Manoel Fort, 33,222, 99,115 Innocent 111, 153 , 180, 84,313 Innocent XI, 60 Mantua : see S. Andrea Innocent XII, 167 Marcellus theatie, Rome, 49 Inquisitor's palace, Vlttoriosa, 167, Marchionne d'Arezzo, 153 168,176, 73,305,396 Margherita lines, 32,33,222 Inquisitor's summer palace, Siggiewi, Marini. Girolamo, 29 170, 74 Marsamucetto harbour, 16,19,3 3,34, Ischia, 10 141,222 Italie. Auberge d', Valletta. 106, Marsascala, 14,36,5 3 138,143-145,157,176, 55-57,287, Marsascirocco, 14,16,18,36 29 1,292 Massimi palace, Rome, 141 Italie. Auberge d', Vittoriosa, 127 Masucci. Agostino, 70 . Langue of, 11,13,69 Matrice, Gozo, 98,102,121,212 Ittar. Stefano, 187,199,203,215 Maurolico. Francesco, 209 237 Maxentius. Basilica Nuova di, Our Lady of Grace parish church. Rome, 67 Zabbar, 77,95,208,212, 201, Mazzuoli. Giuseppe, 68,70 202 Mdina : see Bishop's palace, Cathe- Our Lady of Philermos chapel, Val- dral, Lower gate, Main gate, letta, 68 Municipal palace, Norman House, Our Lady of Pilar, Valletta, 108, Our Lady of Victory 'Ta Qali,' 109,122,141, 39,40,235 St. Nicholas ' Street, St. Peter's Our Lady of Sorrows, Pieti, 50,51, Street, 12,17, 275 .-" ...* ILJ, 154 Medici. Giovanni de', 209 Our Lady of Victory, Naxxar, 93, Mellieha : see Red Tower, Selmun 94,124,208, 191-194 palace, 43 Our Lady of Victory, Senglea, 84 Mendez de Vascoacellos. Luys, 70 Our Lady of Victory, Valletta, 26, Menga. Evangelista della, 205,218 58.59.117.118.157. 27.67.68.243 Mesdjidi. Babou-Mestoud, 64 Our id^ bf victory "T; ~ali,' Mesdjidi. Kadi, 64 Mdina, 43,44,113, 127 Messha, 209 Mesuccil. Fra Natale, 201 Palace square, Valletta, 322 Micciola. Paolo, 202,2 18 Michelangelo, 22,47,65,67,72,73 Paladini. Filippo, 114 Milan hospital, 15 3 , 98,180,181 Minor Observants monastery, Flori- , 2,7 ana, 167 Palladio, 140,142,180 Minor Observants church, Rabat, Palma Nuova, 29 256,258 Pardo. Pietro. 15.16.219 Minorca, 10 Parisio palace,' ~alletia,184,185, 88, Modon, 14 89, 318 Mondion. de, 33,222 Paul. Apostle, 41,82 Monroi. Don Consalvo, 42 Paul V. 82 Montalto palace, Syracuse, 127 Paule. ~ntoinede, 29,30,69,166 Monte. Eustachio del, 132-1 ?6,151 Pawla summer resort, 29 Monte. Pietro del, 23,27,70,132,133 Pawla parish church, 208 Morando. Bernardo, 29 Perellos y Roccafull. Fra Ramon, , 43 60,67,68,136,137,155,159,210,222 Municipal palace. Mdina, 178, 320 Perez de Alesio. Matteo, 71,137 Municipal palace, Valletta, 176,179, Perez de Sarrio. Bailiff, 188 Pereira ~alace.Valletta. 159 181, 80,319 Peru~zi.~~aldassare, 14,172 Philip 11, 22 Nador church, Gozo, 203 Pieri. Stefano, 71 Napoleon, 2,5,7,34,156 Pignatelli. Antonio (Innocent XII) , Nasini. Nicolb, 70,137 167 Ne~ronont.10 Pinto de Fonseca. Emanuel, 34,68, ~igbibiachapel, Valletta, 116, 250 136,157,170,173,184 Nisyrus, 9 Pisa, 8 Norman House, Mdica, 126,128 Pius IV. 21 Notabile : see Mdina ~olveristagate, 105 Notre Dame de Liesse, Valletta, Ponte. Pietro del, 70 116-118, 44,45 Potenzano. Francesco, 71 Naxxar : see Our Lady of Victory Ponza, 10 Porta. Giacomo della, 77 Porta Reale : see St. George gate Odescalchi palace, 183 Portugal. Langue of, 68 Old Church Street, Siggiewi, 131, Poussin. Nicholas, 67 765 Prefettura, Lecce, 181 OrHigh Street, Siggiewi, 267,268 Preti. Mattia, 67-69,71,72,75,76,107 Orme. Philibert de 1', 153,178 Propaganda Fide. Collegio dci, Orologio. Torre dell', Rome, 55, Rome, 65 165, 71 Provence. Auberge de, Valletta, Orolbgio. Torre dell', Vittoriosa, 35 138,145-147,149,197, 58,59,284 Orphan Asylum, Valletta, 151, 63 286 Orsi Tower, 36 Provence. Langue of, 69,116,157, Our Lady fortification, Valletta, 30 203,205 Provence et Auvergne. Auberge de, St. Augustine church, Valletta, 77, Vittoriosa, 127,130,49,264 118.120.121.204.206 Publius, 41 Puebla de 10s Angeles, 29 Pulzone. Scipione, 71 St. Bartholomew, Zurrieq, 77,l

Puy. Raymond du, 2 S. Carlo alle Ouattro% Fontane. Rome, 114 Qormi : see St. Catherine, St.. St. Catherine of Italy, Valletta, 77, George, St. Mary, St. Peter, High 78,88,106,107,131,143,159,206, Street, Stagno palace, Tal Hlas' 38,233 Qrendi : ,see St. Catherine 'Tat: St. Catherine chapel of Italy, Val- Torba, St. Mary, St. Saviour, letta, 69 Cavalier tower St. Catherine, Qormi, 56,123, 148 Quinsani de Montalcino. Antonio, St. Catherine Street, Qormi, 173 21,219 St. Catherine 'Tat-Torba,' Qrendi, 54,55, 142,144 Rabat : see St. Anthony the Abbot, St. Catherine parish church, Zejtun, St. Augustine's church, St. Paul's 98,100,101,120,124,212,215,216 parish church, Franciscan cloi- St. Catherine parish church, Zur- sters, Minor Observants church, rieq, 94,95,98,219,35, 197-199 St. Charles chapel (Holy Relics), Raphael, 165 Valletta, 69 Red Tower, Mellieha, 36, 119 St. Cruz hospital, Toledo, 153 Reni. Guido, 69 St. Demetrius, Rhodes, 64 Rhodes, 3,7-10,14,17,46,49,64,68, St. Dominic, Valletta, 123 127,132,137 St. Elmo Fort, 3,16-20,23,26,27,33, Ribas Montelieu. Fra Gerolamo, 60 36,65,215,218,222 Ricasoli Fort, Kalkara, 3 3,34,36,215, S. Francesco, Palermo, 164 223, 118 St. Francis fortification, 30 Ricasoli. Fra Giovanni Francesco, St. Francis, Valletta, 122 3 3 St. George chapel of Aragon, Val- Roger. Count, 41 letta. 68 Rohan (de) arch, Zebbug, 112 St. ~e'or~eparish church, Qormi, Rohan (de) Street, Zebbua, 174, 53,62,84,85,87,92,120,122,123, 208.213, 166,168-171,173,174 ~ohai-~olduc.Emmanuel Marie de, .. . . . 69,170,222 St. George, Siggiewi, 43 St. George's gate, Valletta, 22,27, Rojas de Portalrubio. Martin, 51 208 Rome. 2.22.49.114.120.136.140.162.. . . i65-i67;i8~,2i0,2ii St. Gospa, Vis (Lissa), 53, 22 67 St. Gregory, Zejtun. 46-48,50,52, Rubens. P. P., 119,122,207, 128,130 S. Agnese, Rome, 124,212 St. Helen's gate, Cospicua, 114 S. Andrea, Mantua, 122 St. Helen parish church, Birkirkara, St. Andrew bastion, Valletta, ,139 89,103,104,121,122,124,203,37, St. Angelo, Zejtun, 55,123 221,227-232 St. Angelo Fort, Vittoriosa, 3,12,14, St. Jacob bastion, 204 20,31,42,48,50,123,127,208,209, St. James defences, Valletta, 27,32, 215,219,98,100,101,106,131,257, 59,64,148 259 St. James chapel of Castile et Leon, S. Anna, Caltagirone, 57 Valletta. 68 St. Anne chapel (St. Angelo Fort), St. ~ames; Valletta, 113-1 17,122, Vittoriosa, 42,48,49,92,123,128, 20 1, 42,43,241,242 131 St. Tohn bastion, Valletta, 27, 103, St. Anthony. Order of, 5 104 St. Anthony Street, Zebbug. 269 St. John cavalier, Valletta, 157 St. Anthony the Abbot (Verdala St. John Conventual church, Val- palace), Rabat, 51,54,55,122,135 letta. 3,27,46,47,60,62et seq., 81, St. Anton's palace, Attard, 78,166, 84,85,88,89,102,119,120,122,123, 72,304 167,176,188,195,206,212,28,29, St. Augustine church, Rabat, 60- 153-162 62,65,78,85,92,206,208,123,151, St. Joseph church, Vittoriosa, 99 152 St. Julian parish church, 84 St. Julian's Bay, 14 St. Paul Shipwrecked, Valletta, 206, St. Julian's Mount, 16 2,12,213 St. Lawrence parish church, Vit- St. Paul ' Ta~Targa' Gauci Tower, toriosa, 98-100,121,212, 36,211 St. Paul's Bay : see St. Paul's St. Lazarus. Order of, 5 church, Wignacourt Tower S. Lorenzo, Florence, 73, 165 103,104 St. Paul's church, St. Paul's Bay, St. Louis bastion, 57, 23-26 St. Lucian Fort, 32,36,207 St. Paul's church, Valletta, 138,206 S. Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, 77 St. Peter, Lija, 112,123, 247 St. Margaret, Siggiewi, 112,123, 245 St. Peter, Mdina, 53,54, 141 St. Margherita hill, 3 1,32,210 St. Peter, Qormi, 53, 140 St. Margherita's monastery, Cospi- St. Peter bastion, 204 cua, 108, 234 St. Peter the Martyr, Zejtun, 213 S. Maria dell'Anima, Rome, 164 St. Peter's curtain, Valletta, 27 S. Maria delle Carceri, Prato, 47 St. Peter's Street, Mdina, 255 St. Maria de Melque, Spain, 132 St. Peter's, Rome, 47,65,163 S. Maria Novella, Florence, 80 St. Philip bastion, Floriana, 30 S. Maria dell'orto, Rome, 61 St. Philip, Senglea, 223 S. Maria di S. Satiro, Milan, 163 St. Philip parish church, Zebbug, St. Mary of Jesus church, Valletta, 86-88,122,123,177,208, 32,176- 206 180,195 St. Mary parish church, Attard, 62, St. Publius ~arishchurch. Ploriana,. 91-94,120,122,124,198,208, 33, 105.203 34,184-190 St. Publius Sanctuary, Rabat, 82,83 St. Mary parish church, Mqabba, 98 St. Rocco valley, 26 St. Mary, Qormi, 53, 139 St. Roch. Balzan. 51. 136 St. #Maryparish church, Ghaxaq, 96 St. ~och;Mdina; 112,122, 244 St. Mary parish church, Qrendi, St. Roch, Valletta, 110,120,213, 41, 123,213, 196 236,237 St. Mary 'Ta Bir Miftuh,' Gudia, 45, St. Roch, Zebbug, 53, 138 46,50,53,208, 129 St. Saviour parish church, Lija, 102, St. Mary 'Tal Minsija,' Birkirkara, 105,112-115,120,124,201, 222- 4 3 226 St. Mary of Porto Salvo, Hamrun, St. Saviour, Qrendi, 55, 143 11 3, 248,251 St. Scholastica, Vittorioea. 2 12 St. Mary of Porto salvo, Valletta, St. Sebastian chapel of Auvergne, 203,206 Valletta, 68 St. Mary Magdalene, Rabat, 43 S. Spirito hospital, Rome, 153, .65 St. Mary's church. in St. Angelo SS. Spiritus. Salamanca, 90 Fort (church of St. Angelo), 42 St. Thomas Bay, 36 St. Mary's Tower, Comino, 36 St. Thomas Fort, Zejtun, 36,207, 6, San Maurizio, Milan, 164 7,121. St. Miichael cha~elof Provence, Val- S. Tommaso di Villanova, Caste1 letta. 69.70 Gandolfo. 65 St. ~ichaeiFort and bastion, 16,17, St. Ursula, Valletta, 80, 30.31 19-21,31,141,202,204,214,215,219 Salamanca : see SS. Spiritus S. Miniato a1 Monte, Florence, 80 Santa Vennera : see Leone palace S. Nicola Convent, Catania, 181 Santa Vennera parish church, 96 St. Nicholas curtain, 105 S. Zaccaria, Venice, 164 St. Nicholas, Valletta, 202 Sal~ba.D. Matteo, 219 St. Nicholas parish church, Siggie, Saliba. Sebastiano, 219 wi, 96,99,109,110,12~,123,212, Salle (de la) palace, Valletta. 159- 203-210 16 1,169, 70,294-296 St. Nicholas Street. Mdina, 1.73,273 Salvatore, 19 S. Paolino, Lucca, .164 Sammut. Francesco, 2 19 St. Paul bastion, 204 Sangallo, Giuliano da, 46,165, 165 St. Paul chapel of France, Valletta, Sanmicheli, 141 69 Santiago de Compostella, 15 3 St. Paul parish church, Rabat, 43, Sardinia, 38 81-83,202,212, 175 Sarria chapel, noriana, 109,120, St. Paul Grotto, 82 121,212, 212,213

240 ' Sarza Tower, Gozo, 205 Torre. (Villa della), Valpolicella, Scamozzi. Vincenzo. 28 141 Scamp, 138 ~0;;;s. Archbishop Ludovico de, 76 Sceberras, 15,16,19-23 Treasury of the Order, Valletta, 299 Selmun palace, Mellieha, 40,204, Trent. Council of, 21 18,125;126 Tripoli, 3,11,13,15,17 Seminary, Floriana, 186, 330 Trionlzio Cappella, San Nazzaro, Seminary, Mdina, 181,186,201,321, 163 323 Tuileries, 178 Sengle. Claude de la, 70,128,202, 219 University : see Gesh church and senilea, 16,17,31,73,202,204,213 University Senglea parish church, 86,208 Urban VIII, 30,2 11 Serbelloni. Gabrio, 22,204,210,218,

219.221- ,- - Valletta, old engravings of, 93-97 Sentry-boxes, 100,101,113 Valletta : see St. Catherine of Italy, Serlio, 85,163,165, 167 St. James, St. John Conventual Sheer bastion. Sennlea, 31 church, St. Roch, St. Ursula, Shelley. Sir James, 3 1 auberges d'Aranon - d'Auvernne - , 1,5,6,9-11,17-19,38,41,57, Baviere ,Castile et Leon ,France 74,96,97, 104,123, 125,126, 129, - Italie - Provence, Archbishop's 154, 159, 166, 172, 181, 192, 198, palace, Bakery of the Order, Car- 199,209,210 church, Castellania, Castile Sicily. Viceroy of, 22,221 Square, Correa House, Customs Siggiewi : see St. Margaret, St. House, de la Salle palace, Dorell Nicholas parish church, Holy In- palace, Flores college, Gesh church quisition palace, Inquisitor sum- and University, Hospital of the mer palace, Old Church Street, Order, Library of the Order, Old High Street, St. George Magisterial palace, Manoel theatre, Sixtus IV, 153 Municipal palace, Nibbia chapel, Sliema, 3 3 Notre Dame de Liesse, Orphan Solaro. Roberto, 69 Asylum, Our Lady of Pilar, Our Soldanis Benzis. Massimiliano de, Lady of Victory, Palace Square, 68,69 Parisio palace, de la Salle palace, South Street, Valletta, 277,278 South Street, Treasury of the Spain. Langue of, 11 - Order Spinola palace, St. Julian's Bay, 170, Vallette. Jean Parisot de la, 15,17, 171, 75,76,312 20-23,35,70,219,221 Stagno palace, Qormi, 161,162, Vallier. Gaspard la, 17 270, 300-302 Valperga. Anton'io Maurizio, 32,3 3, Starkey. Sir Oliver, 70 222 Strozzi. Fra Leone (Count), 15,16, vatican, 22 21,219 Vedelin hotel, Valletta, 309 Strzygowski, 5 3 Vella. Carlo, 223 Summer palace : see Verdala Venice. 8.9 Syracuse, 41,98,181 ~erdalapalace, Rabat, 38,40,5 1,52, 206, 17,122,124,135 Verdale. Hugues de, 40,70 Ta Bieb il Gzira, 170 Viani. Fra Pietro. 188 'Tal Hlas,' Qormi, 56,123,212, 146, Vicenza, 140 147 Vigna of Julius, Rome, 172 'T~I~ngrau,' Zejtun, 53, 137 Vilhena. Manoel de, 33,37,68,210 'Tal l'Abbandunati,' Zebbug, 112, Vilhena. Cabreo di, 170,172,178- 122. 246 180--- 'Tal Virth,' Rabat, 43 : see Leone palace 'Ta-Wied Znuber' Tower, 15 Villaret. Fulk de, 8 Templars, 8 Villegagnon. Nicolo de, 21 Tencin. Guerin de, 188 Vincenti Tower, Mqabba. 37 Teonge. Henry, 155 Vis (Lissa): see St. Gospa Tigne. de, 33,222 Viterbo, 1.1 Tigne. Cavalier, 34,222 Vitruvius, 165 Tigne Fort, 34,,203,222 Vitry-le-Fran~ois,29 24 1 Vittoriosa : see St. Angelo Fort, St. Zabbar : see Our Lady of Grace, Lawrence parish church, auberges Homepesch arch, 18 of Provence et Auvergne - France Zabbar gate, 32, 102 - Angleterre, Advanced gate, Zabbar. Orlando, 223 Couvre porte, Inquisitor's palace, Zamosc, 29 Main gate, Oratory of the Holy Zebbug : see St. Anthony Street, St. Crucifix Philip parish church, St. Roch, Volterra. Daniele da, 71 Hospital Square, Immaculate Con- Vos. Judocus de, 67 ception, Main Street, de Rohan Arch. de Rohan Street, 'Tal Wignacourt. Adrien de, 69 Wignacourt. Alof de, 35,58,69,70, I'Abbandunati.' 38 Zejtun : see St. Catherine parish 187.201- - . ,- - - church, St. Gregory, St. Thomas' Wignacourt , 201,208 Tower, 'Tal Ingrau' Wienacourt Tower, St. Paul's Bay, 3%, Zerafa. Francesco, 183,203,223 120,214 Zondadari. Marc'Antonio, 69 Xaghra Tower, 36 Zurrieq : see St. Catherlne parish Ximenes de Texada. Fra Don Fran- church, Armeria palace, St. Bar- cisco, 170 tholomew

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