Building of Malta

Building of Malta

THE BUILDING OF MALTA during the period of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem 1530 - 1795 J. QUENTIN HUGHES M.C., B.ARCH., PH.D., A.R.I.B.A. MALTAiPROGRESS PRESS Co. Ltd.11986 Contents ; Page FOREWORD - v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - - ix INTRODUCTION - - 1 I. MILITARY ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING The military background of the Mediterranean Wars against the Turks The advantages of Rhodes The advantages and disadvantages of Malta and Gozo The great siege of 1565 - The new city of Valletta - Extensions to the defences of Valletta The defences of the Grand Harbour Eighteenth century defences to Marsamuscetto Harbour The outer defcnces of Malta The fortified villa 11. CHURCHES Early churches in Malta - Traditional Maltese churches with longitudinal plans Small traditional churches of the late 16th and succeed- ing centuries The development of the longitudinal plan in Maltese churches The larger parish churches Centrally planned churches an Malta Smaller country churches with centralized plans - Centrally planned churches of the 18th century in Valletta Summary of the characteristics of Maltese churches - vii 111. PALACES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND HOUSES #age Early palaces in Mdina and Rabat 125 The auberges in the Birgu (Vittoriosa) 127 Early buildings in Valletta 132 Small palaces and houses in the 17th and 18th centuries 162 Larger palaces and public buildings of the 17th and 18th centuries 174 IV. BUILDING MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION Description of the Islands 191 Geology of the Islands - 192 Methods of stone comstruction in Malta 195 LIST OF GRAND MASTERS - 200 BIOGRAPHIES OF ARCHITECTS AND MILITARY ENGINEERS - 20 1 GLOSSARY - 225 INDEX . 235 viii Index Acre. 2 Balzan : see Annunciation parish ~darh.Philip Villiers de SIsle, 3, church, St. Roch church 10,14,49,70,191,208 Barbara. Giovanni, 102,113-1 17, Adoration of the Magi- chapel,- Val- 120,178,181,201,203 letta, 69 Baviere. Auberge de, Valletta, 174. Advanced gate, Vittoriosa, 108 175, 77-79.317 Alberti. Leone Battista, 122,162,165, Bellavanti. Nlcolo, 202. mnc LU J Belvedere Nicchione, Vatican, 165 Alexander VII, 167 Beneguas. Giovanni, 82 Algardi. Alessandro, 75 Birgu (Vittoriosa), 3,14-20,23,48, Algardi. Stefano, 72 6 2 Allemagne.- Auberge d', Valletta, Birkirkara : see St. Helen parish 138 church, Assumption parish Allemagne. Auberge d', Vittoriosa, church 127 Bishop's palace, Mdina, 254 ~lphbnseI, 42 Bishop's palace, Valletta, 208 Aneleterre. Auberge- d',- Vittoriosa, Blessed Sacrament (Philermos) l?!7,130, 48 chapel, Valletta, 68 Anima (dell') church, Valletta, 202 Bombes. Fortes des, Floriana, 107 AngloeBavarian langue, 69,70,139, Bonamici. Filippo, 82-84,199,202 174 Bonavia. Giuseppe, 77,78 Annunciation ~arishchurch, Balzan, Bonici. Giuseppe, 116,183,186,203, 96,123, 206 223 Aragon. Auberge d', Valletta, 108, Bontadini. V. B. de, 201 138-140,144,157,174,52,172,271, Borromini. Francesco, 55,65,114, 283 165,212 Aragon. Auberge d', Vittoriosa, 127, Botticelli, 16 3 130 Brachia valley, 30 Aragon. Langue of, 68,141 Bramante, 91,163,164,205 Archbishop's palace, Valletta, 186, Bramantino, 163 310,311 Burgos cathedral, 90 Arena. Giuseppe d', 68 Burlo. Paolo, 203 Armeria palace, Zurrieq, 170, 308 ~ssum~tibnold parish church, Birkirkara, 62,89,92,122,123,198, Cachia. Antonio, 203 208, 181-183 Cachia. Domenico, 40,103,121,124, Attard : see St. Anton's palace, St. 138,181,182,203 Mary parish church Caffarelli Vidoni palace, Rome, 165 Attard. Giovanni, 201,209 Cagliares. Mons., 208 Auberges : see Angleterrevittoriosa, Calabria, 6,38 Allemagne Vittoriosa, Aragon Calamos, 9 Valletta, Aragon Vittoriosa, Au. Calchos, 9 vergne Valletta, Bavarie Valletta, Cambiano. Giuseppe, 21 Castile et Leon Valletta, Castile et Camerata saddle, 23 Leon Vittoriosa, France Valletta, Campi. Scipione, 204 France Vittoriosa, Italie Valletta, Cancelleria, Rome, 47 Italie Vittoriosa, Provence Val. Candia, 4,23,32 letta, Provence et Auvergne Vie Caprarola : see Farnese villa toriosa Capuchin monastery, Floriana, 206 Auvergne. Aubcrge d', Valletta, Capuchin monastery of St. Liberata, 138,141-143, 53,54,282 215 Auvergne. ~aj'n~ueof, 68 ~aiafa.Fra Gerolamo, 60 Carafa dei Principi della RocceIla. Baccio da Montelupo, 164 Fra Gregorio, 69,'143 Bakery of the Order, Valletta, 150, Caravaggio, 69,72,107 151, 62 ~armeli&church, Mdina, 219 235 Carmelite church, Valletta, 77,78,81, Decolation Oratory, Valletta, 7 1 86,122,124,166,206, 163,164 Delimara Tower, 37, 5 Carner. Bailiff, 139,174 Dingli. Tommaso, 62,90-95,103, Carnerio palace, 139 120,122,124,198,201,204,208,209 Cassar. Andrea, 203,204 Dorell palace, Valletta, 159, 293 Cassar. Fra Gabriello, 205 Doria. Admiral, 209,221 Cassar. Gerolamo. 23.27.39.51.52. Dragut. General, 16,18 59 et sea.. 81:84-86.88.9i.i06. i Dragut Point, 3 3 Egas. Enrique de, 15 3 Elba, 10 England. Langue of, 11,70,71,138, 174 Cassikre. La, 62,70,133,150,15,3,205 Episcopal Seminary, Mdina : ace Castellania, Valletta, 183,203,223, Semlnary 86.87.329 Episcopia, 9 ~astiieit Leon. Auberge de. Val- Erardi. Stefano, 69 letta, 40,104,132,138,177,181,182, Eres, 10 204, 85,325-328 Escorial monastery library, Madrid, 65 Castile et Leon. Auberee", de. Vit- toriosa, 127 Eviza, 10 Castile et Leon. Langue of, 68,201 Castile Heights, 19,23,26,27 Falzon palace, Mdina, 126,127 Castile Sauare. Valletta. 266 Farnese villa, Caprarola, 38 Cataneo. '~ietio,28 ' Favrav. Antoine de. 71 Catania, 98,101 ~errarholino.~ntonio, 14,15,21,209, Cathedral, Mdina, 41,42,98,100-103, 214,216,218 120,122,124, 217-220 Ferres. Achille. 64 Cavalier Tower, Qrendi, 38, 11-14 Filarete (Anton-io Averlino or Aver- Cerceau. du, 40 ulino), 28,153,164 Charles V of Spain, 3.1 1,13.209 Filippini Convent, Rome, 5 5,165 Chiei. Fabio (Alexander VII)., . 167 Firenzuola. Vincenzo Maculano da, ~ittgVecchia :~see Mdina I .31,32,210,211 ~ivitaVecchia, 22 Florence : see S. Lorenzo, Lauren- ! Clement XIV, 157,202 tian Library, S. M. Novella, S. Clermont de Chattes Gessan. de, 68 Miniato a1 Monte, 140 Coeworden, 29 Flores College, Valletta, 69 Coglituri. Matteo, 208 Floriana : see Portes des Bombes, Collacchio, 28 Seminary, Serria chapel, St. Pub- .Collacchium, 127,128 lius parish clturch, 29,34 Cos, 9 Floriana defences,. 21,26,30,31,33...... Comino Fort, 36,208, 3 201,203,215 Conception church, Zebbug, 106, Moriani. Pietro Paolo, 30.3 1,210, 123 Constantinople, 7-10,17,20 Floriani. Pompeii, 210 Conventual church : see St. John Prance. Auberge de, Valletta, 138, Cornia. Ascania della, 22 148-150, 60,61 Correa House, Valletta, 178, 81,82 France. Auberge de, Vittoriosa, 127- Correa de ~ouia.Antonio, 178 13 1, 46,47,261,263 Corradin Hill, 15,17,19,21 Prance. Langue of, 69,148,157 Cuxaica, 10,15,38 Francesco di Giorgio, 28,40, 19 Cospicua : see St. Helen's gate, St. Franciscan cloisters, Rabat, 260 Margherita's monastery, 3 1,32 Fratino, 22 Cotoner. Nicholhs, 32,67,68,138 Cotoner. Rafael. 67.223 Cotoner lines, 32;33,67,210,222,223, Gafi. Lorenzo, 56,70,8 1-84,95-110, 102-105 118-121,124,212 I Couvre porte, Vittoriosa, 109 Gafi. Melchiorre, 70,97 Crispo. Saverio Verario, 170 Gambray Fort, 193 Customs House, Valletta, 116,170, Garagona, 21 3 186,187,196,203, 90,331,332 Gargallo. Tommaso, 156 Cyprus, 3,7,9,205 Garzes. Martino de, 70 Gauci St. Paul 'Tat-Torga' Tower, Jesuit church, Valletta, 82,156 2 John of Austria. Don, 9,204,210, Genga. Bartolomeo, 21,136,213,214, 221 216,218,219 Genga.' Girolamo, 213 Kalkara : see Ricasoli Fort Genzaro, 29 Kalkara Mount, 19 Genoa, 8,15 Kyrenia Castle, Cyprus, 132 Germany. Langue of, 11,71 Gesa church and University, Val- letta, 82,121,157,202, 66,238-240 Lanci. Baldassare, 2 1,2 16-2 19 GesG, Rome, 61,67,102,156 Laparelli. Francesco, 21-23,26,27, Ghaxaq parish church : see St. Mary 30, 59, 136,204-206,214,217,218, Gian. Maestro. 183 220,221 Giocchino. ~aidinal,188 LAPARELLI. CODEX,2 17,2 18 Giocondo. Fra. 28 Lascaris Castellar. Jean-Paul, 4,37, Giuratale banco : see Municipal 69,82,210 palace, Valletta Laurana. Francesco, 164 Giuseppe. Fra, 215 Laurentian Library, Florence, 72 Gonzales de Mendoza. Fra Pietro, Leone palace, Santa Vennera, 179, 113 83 Gourgion Tower, Gozo, 35,38, 4 Leros, 9 Library of the Order, Valletta, 187- Grand Harbour, 5,11,14,16,19,26, 189,203,216, 91,92 31,33,48,186,196,203 Lija : see St. Peter, St, Saviour parish Granmichele, 29 church Grunenberg. Don Carlos de, 3 3,2 15, Lija old parish church, 119, 132,133 222 Lomellini. Fra Stefano Maria, 71 Gudia : see St. Mary 'Ta Bir Miftuh' Lower gate, Mdina, 116 Gudia parish church, 96 Luke. Sir Harry, 4 Guidi. Domenico, 68 Luqa church, 96,124,208 Luti. Benedetto, 108 Hamrun : see St. Mary of Porto Salvo, Our Lady of Sorrows (Pietci) Madama palace, Rome, 183 Henry VIII, 70 Maedalene church. Valletta. 121 Herrera. Juan de, 65 ~a&.G., 28 ' High Street, Qormi, 274,276 Magisterial palace, Mdina, 201 Holy Crucifix oratory, Vittoriosa, 99 Magisterial palace, Valletta, 3,27,28, 59. 76. 113. 132.133.135.151,157, Holy Inquisition palace, Siggiewi, 50,51,249,279-281 307 198,206, ~imedes.Juan d', 14,17,70 Magisterial palace, Vittoriosa, 128 117 Mahomet 11, 10 Hompesch arch, Zabbar, Main gate, Mdina, 110 Hospital of the Order, Valletta, 79, 11 116,152,197, 64,288-290 Main gate, Vittoriosa, 1 303 Main Street, Zebbug, 272 Hospital Square, Zebbug, 162, Mamu Tower, 38, 8-10 Manderaggio valley, 23,26 Immaculate Conception, Zebbug, Mandra (della) hills, 210 43,55,56, L95 Manoel Fort, 33,222, 99,115 Innocent 111, 153 Manoel theatre, 180, 84,313 Innocent XI, 60 Mantua : see S.

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